Trigonometric

Integrals

Lesson 1.2
Trigonometric Integrals
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Integral of the form:

If the power of sine is odd and positive  save one sine factor and convert
the remaining factors to cosines.
 Expand and integrate

If the power of cosine is odd and positive  save one cosine factor and convert
the remaining factors to sines.
 Expand and integrate
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
If the power of both sine and cosine are even and
nonnegative :

Use identities 
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Example 1


5 2
Find sin x cos xdx
 
  1  u 2 u 2 sin x
2 du
 xdx   sin 4 x cos2 x sin xdx  sin x
5 2
sin x cos

 
  sin 2 x cos2 x sin xdx
2  
  1  u 2 u 2 du
2

  1  cos x  cos
2 2 2
x sin xdx   1  2u  u u du
2 4 2

  u  2u  u du
2 4 6

u  cos x
 u 3 2u 5 u 7 
du   sin xdx       C
 3 5 7

cos3 x 2 cos5 x cos7 x

   C
3 5 7
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Example 2


6 3
Find sin x cos xdx

 
  u 6 1  u 2 cos x
du
 sin x cos xdx   sin x cos x cos xdx
6 3 6 2
cos x

 
  sin 6 x 1  sin 2 x cos xdx  
  u 6 1  u 2 du

u  sin x  
  u 6  u 8 du
du  cos xdx
u7 u9
  C
7 9
sin 7 x sin 9 x
  C
7 9
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Example 3

 xdx
5
Find cos

   x cos xdx
5 4
cos xdx cos
 
  cos2 x cos xdx
2
u  sin x
du  cos xdx
  1  sin x cos xdx
2 2

 
  1  u cos x
2 2 du
cos x 2u 3 u 4
u  C
 
  1  u 2 du
2
3 4
2 sin 3 x sin 5 x
  1  2u  u du
2 4  sin x 
3

5
C
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine

 1  u 2 cos x  du 
Example 4

 
 u

 cos x
1  u  du
3

  u
cos3 x 
2

Find dx
sin x

 

1 3

6 
  u  u du 2 2

 
cos3 x cos 2 x cos x 5

dx 
1 2
dx 2u
 2u  2
C
sin x sin x 5
1  sin x cos x dx 2sin x 
5

 sin x
2 2
  2 sin x  C
5
 
u  sin x 3
 2sin x 
5
3

cos3 x
dx  2 sin x    0.239
2

du  cos xdx sin x  5 

  
6 6
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Example 5

2
 
  1  u 2 sin x
2 du
 sin x
 xdx
5

  1  u 2 du    1  2u 2  u 4 du
 
Find sin 2
0

 2u 3 u 5  2u 3 u 5
  u     u  
   x sin xdx
5 4
sin xdx sin  3 5 3 5
 
  sin 2 x sin xdx
2
  cos x 
2 cos3 x cos5 x
 C
3 5
  1  cos x sin xdx
2 2

 
2
 2 cos3 x cos5 x  2
u  cos x 0 sin xdx   cos x  3  5 
5

du   sin xdx 0

 2 1 8
 0   1    
 3 5  15
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Example 6 Example 7

 
2
Find 3 cos 5 xdx Find 3 cos 4
3xdx

 3 cos 2
5 xdx  3
 1  cos10 x 
  2 dx
4

 3 cos 3xdx  3 cos 3x dx
2

2

 1  cos 6 x 
2
 3 3 cos10 x 
    3   dx
dx  2 
2 2 
1 cos 6 x cos 2 6 x
3 3
 x  sin 10 x  C  3   dx
2 20 4 2 4
cos 6 x 1  1  cos12 x 
 3    dx
2 4 2 
1 sin 6 x 1 sin 12 x 
 3 x   x  C
4 12 8 96 
 Integral Involving Powers of
Sine and Cosine
Example 8

 3xdx
4
Find sin

sin 12 x 
  sin  1 sin 6 x 1
2
sin 3xdx 
4 2
3x dx  x  x C
4 12 8 96
 1  cos 6 x 
2

 
  2
 dx
 3
 x
sin 6 x sin 12 x 
 C
8 12 96
 1 cos 6 x cos 2 6 x 

  
4 2

4
dx

 1 cos 6 x 1  cos12 x  
4
  
2

8
dx

 Integral Involving Powers of
Secant and Tangent
Integral of the form:

If the power of secant is even and positive  save a secant squared factor and
convert the remaining factors to
tangents.
 Expand and integrate

If the power of tangent is odd and positive  save a secant-tangent factor

and convert the remaining
factors to secants.
 Expand and integrate
 Integral Involving Powers of Secant
and Tangent
Example 1


tan 3 x
Find dx
sec x


tan 3 x
 sec x
1

dx  u 
3


2 tan 3 xdx  u

2 2
 1 sec x tan x
du
sec x sec x tan x

 sec x
3

 tan 2 x sec x tan xdx  1
 3


2 
  u 2
 u du 2


 sec x sec 
3

 2
2
x 1 sec x tan xdx
 sec x 2 
2 3 2
C
3 sec x
u  sec x
du  sec x tan xdx
 Integral Involving Powers of Secant
and Tangent
Example 2


4 3
Find sec 3 x tan 3xdx

 sec 3x tan 3 3xdx  sec 2 3x tan 3 3x sec 2 3xdx u  tan 3x

4

 
  1  tan 2 3x tan 3 3x sec 2 3xdx du  3 sec 3xdx
2

  1  u u sec
2 3 2 du
3x
3 sec2 3x


1
3  1 u 2
u 
3
du

1  u4 u6 
     C
3 4 6 


tan 3x  tan 3x 
4

6
C
12 18
 Integral Involving Powers of Secant
and Tangent
If there are no secant factors and the Convert a tangent-squared factor
power of tangent is even and positive  to a secant-squared factor.

Example 3  tan 4
xdx   tan 2
x  
tan 2
x dx

4

  tan 2 x sec2 x  1dx
 tan xdx
4
Find
0   tan 2 x sec2 xdx  tan 2 xdx
 
 
  tan x sec xdx  sec x  1 dx
2 2 2
4
 tan x
3
4
u  tan x
0 tan xdx   3  tan x  x
4
du
  sec 2 x 
 xdx   dx
2 2 2
du  sec xdx
2 u sec x sec 0

1 
  u 2 du  sec2 xdx   1dx   1    0
3 4
  u 2 du   sec 2 xdx   1dx  0.119
tan 3 x
  tan x  x  C
3
Integral Involving Sine-Cosine
Product with Different Angles
Integral of the form:

Product-to-sum identities
 Integral Involving Sine-Cosine
Product with Different Angles
Example 1

Find  sin 5x cos 4xdx

1
sin x  sin 9 x dx
2
 sin 5x cos 4 xdx 
1 cos 9 x 
   cos x  C
2 9 
cos x cos 9 x
  C
2 18
 Integral Involving Sine-Cosine
Product with Different Angles
Example 2

Find  sin  4xsin 3xdx

1
 sin  4xsin 3xdx  cos 7 x   cos xdx
2
1  sin  7 x  sin  x  
   C
2 7 1 
sin  7 x  sin  x 
  C
14 2
sin 7 x  sin x 
  C
14 2