Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Executive Summary
This report was realized by the combined teams of PIN Maps (Map of
modern offices in Iasi, the initiative that matters in IT & outsourcing
industry) and Fab Lab Iasi (a 700 sq.m co-working space opened in 2017).
Our strong belief is that the development of the co-working spaces in a city
deeply connects with the economic indicators of a city/region/country. Also,
the proportion between the capital city and the regional city when counting
the number of co-working spaces, is an indicator of the health of that
development (please note the countries where the capital has less than
50% of hubs).
1
Index
EN
Executive Summary/ p 1
Study area/ p 6
p 10 / Rezumat
Database/ p 6
p 10 / Explorarea industriilor creative
FabLab Iasi/ p 8
p 13 / De ce spaţiile co-working?
Conclusions/ p 9
p 13 / Spații creative în
centrul și estul Europe Links/ p 26
p 14 / Zona de studiu
p 14 / Baze de date
MAPS
p 16 / FabLab Iași for Central and Eastern Europe
p 17 / Concluzii
Fig. 1 - Co-working spaces / p 18
p 26 / Linkuri
Fig. 2 - GDP (nominal) / p 19
Fig. 5 - Airports / p 22
2
Exploring Creative Industries
As it is written in How work works by Relja Bobić, “About twenty years
have passed since the emerge of co-working as a notion, and institutions,
individuals and organizations seems to finally acknowledge and
understand what a hub is, or all of the things it might be. Still, there is a
long way to go, and even those of us deeply immersed in the operations of
creative co-working spaces need to develop our understanding of what is it
that we are actually doing, and how we are doing it. In this regard the term
creative should not be understood as a label that characterizes a hub as
simply dealing with creative disciplines.
To this list John Howkins (2001) would add toys and games, also including
the much broader area of research and development in science and
technology. It has also been argued that gastronomy belongs in such a list.
From the point of view of geographers, the spatial patterns of the diffusion
of creative industries are the most important. By excellence, being urban
industries, they have a diffusion that seems to be tributary to a spatial-
peripheral spatial logic, where the center represents the innovating territory.
4
Why co-working spaces?
Globally, the business world tends to mobility and innovation. The
future of work goes beyond the conventions’ threshold, the classic
program from 9am to 5pm in a fixed office and monotonous work,
aiming at a personalized and flexible work style.
5
Study area
Because the creative industries are exclusively urban,
we have focused our analysis on the cities of over 50,000
inhabitants of the central and eastern parts of Europe: the EU
countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Cyprus, Croatia, Greece,
Lithuania, Latvia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia), those
in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia), but also Belarus, the
Republic of Moldova and Ukraine.
Database
It is difficult to capture the context when the field under consideration is
an accelerated one. Most often, there is no official data, because territorial
statistics are outweighed by the rapid evolutions of creative industries,
still vaguely defined. We have focused our attention on co-working spaces,
which are among the few aggressive environments of creative and
innovative start-ups, capable of evolving into successful business. Although
the number of co-working spaces is not a guarantee of generating creative
cities, however, a large number of such environments is needed to develop
communities that are active in creative industries.
Map databases for the context of creative industries are based on sources
such as: IMF, citypopulation.de, EUROSTAT, Anna.aero, and Google Map was
used to build the database for mapping co-working spaces.
6
Although most states have had the experience of the socialist
episode, the territory under consideration is economically
heterogeneous. (Figure 2). The introduction of Austria, one of the
most developed countries in the world, in the studied area for
two main reasons:
Neither the Mediterranean countries: Greece and Cyprus were part of the socialist bloc. Although there are not
great forces in most creative industries, from the point of view of cultural tourism, it is in the world avant-garde.
Even within the former socialist states, the three decades of liberty went differently. Significant differences
(yet!) exist between the countries that make part of the Visegrád Treaty or Slovenia and the Baltic States, on
the one hand, and the latter (Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia), on the other; between the latter and the non-EU
countries of the former Soviet bloc (Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus) or the Western Balkans.
Very important in the study economy is the urban hierarchy, on which the diagnosis depends on the degree of
maturation of the national structures regarding the creative industries (Figure 3).
The advantage of the big city in the Eastern part of the EU is that, with
the opening of national economies to the global economy, it benefits from
a second source of development; the territorial one, closely linked to
the regional neighborhood, whose central location is added to another
international. From this perspective, regional cities - secondary to the
capital, have an advantage over those located on the lower hierarchical
levels. Having already a regional hinterland, easy to perceive, especially
through daily or weekly flows of students or other categories of people,
these cities have a high capacity to produce highly qualified labor and to
retain the elites (Figure 4). Thus, the regional cities of Central and Eastern
Europe have accumulated (in their recent evolution) functions that once
were specific to the national metropolis, becoming aeronautical hubs
capable of connecting regions to international flows (Figure 5) or centers of
creative industries or IT & Outsourcing by large multinational companies.
Becoming players of the global economy, secondary urban poles come into
direct competition with the big cities of other national territories, on the
mentioned economic segments.
7
The cartographic representations (Figures 6, 7, 8) reveal distributions
according to the structural gradient of modernity in the West-East
(with a modernity deficit in the eastern part of the area), but also
to the urban hierarchy. Taking into account the political spraying of
the area, especially in its Balkan area, the capitals, often the only
large cities of the state, concentrate approx. 2/3 of the co-working
spaces. Urban agglomerations centered on secondary cities, with few
exceptions (Polish, Czech or Austrian), are far behind the primate cities
(exclusively the capital cities of the area). Tertiary towns, especially in
the east and south of the areal, are insidious presence.
FabLab Iasi
Fab Lab Iasi (www.fablabiasi.ro), located in the eastern part of
Romania, has a surface of over 700 sq.m and it offers different
scenarios for flexible use of the space (competition areas, co-working,
makerspace, teaching rooms, spaces for video conferences and
personal desks). The space functions as an independent platform
which brings together innovation and the tech community from Iasi.
From just few months of the opening, Fab Lab Iasi supported the
events and technological initiatives, coagulating the technological
community in Iaşi in a space that brought together communities,
professionals, students, teachers, companies, entrepreneurs,
organizations, technology initiative groups, being very active also on
social media (www.facebook.com/fablabiasi). The space is planning
to grow the impact through attracting more events and activities
from the technological and entrepreneurship field like: EBEC
Challenge, Venture Cup competition, Start-up Weekend, regional
robotic competition First Tech Challenge and other events.
8
Another initiative that Fab Lab Iasi developed, was co-working
tram, supporting and developing technology events and initiatives,
coagulating the technological community in Iasi in a regional
community bringing together professionals, students, teachers,
companies, entrepreneurs, organizations, and technology initiative
groups. (https://danzaharia.biz/2018/05/14/tu-cand-calatoresti-
prin-iasi-cu-tramvaiul-coworking/)
Conclusions
It is hard to see all the context when the analyzed domain it is
growing and with a fast pace. Most of the times, there are no
official data for territorial statistics because they are outdated
when thinking about the fast evolution of the creative industries.
Creative industries are more volatile, and workers in these areas
do not necessarily respect a diurnal program as in the classical
industries that we can attach from a larger stability fence
perspective but also from city practice. Although the number
of co-working spaces is not a guarantee of generating creative
cities, however, a large number of such environments is needed to
develop communities working in the creative industries.
9
Rezumat
Acest raport a fost realizat de către echipele PIN Maps (Harta birourilor
moderne din Iași, o inițiativă de impact pentru industria IT & Outsourcing)
și Fab Lab Iași (un spațiu de co-working de 700 mp, deschis in 2017). Noi
considerăm că dezvoltarea spațiilor de co-working dintr-un oraș este în
strânsă legătură cu indicatorii economici ai acelui oraș, regiune sau țară.
De asemenea, proporțiile dintre capitală și orașele regionale, atunci când
luăm în considerarea spațiile de co-working, sunt un indicator în ceea ce
privește sănătatea dezvoltării a acelei dezvoltări.
10
Explorarea industriilor creative
Așa cum este scris în How work works de către Relja Bobić despre
industriile creative: “Au trecut aproximativ 20 de ani de la apariția noțiunii
de co-working și abia acum instituțiile, organizațiile și oamenii par să
conștientizeze și să înțeleagă ce este un hub sau potențialul pe care acesta
îl are. Totuși, încă mai este un drum lung de parcurs, și chiar cei care
suntem adânc implicați în activitățile și spațiile creative de co-working
trebuie să dezvoltăm înțelegerea a ceea ce se întâmplă defapt. În acest
sens, în legătură cu termenul creative, ar trebui să înțelegem că acest
termen nu caracterizează un hub ci modul cum ar trebui să procedăm în
privința disciplinelor creative.
12
De ce spaţiile co-working?
La nivel global, lumea afacerilor tinde către mobilitate și inovație.
Viitorul în munca depaseste pragul conventiilor, al programului clasic
de la 9 la 17.00 intr-un birou fix si al muncii monotone, indreptandu-
se catre un stil de munca personalizat si flexibil.
13
Zona de studiu
Industriile creative fiind exclusiv urbane, ne-am focalizat
analiza asupra oraşelor de peste 50 de mii locuitori ale zonei
centrale şi de est a Europei: statele UE (Austria, Bulgaria,
Estonia, Cipru, Croaţia, Grecia, Lituania, Letonia, Polonia,
Republica Cehă, România, Slovacia, Slovenia), cele din
Balcanii de vest (Albania, Bosnia şi Herţegovina, Macedonia,
Muntenegru, Serbia), dar şi asupra Bielorusiei, Republicii
Moldova şi Ucrainei.
Baza de date
E dificil să surprinzi contextul atunci când domeniul analizat e unul aflat în
desfăşurare accelerată. Cel mai adesea nu există nici date oficiale, pentru
că statistica teritorială e depăşită de evoluţiile rapide ale industriilor
creative, încă vag definite. Ne-am îndreptat atenţia către spaţiile
co-working, care sunt printre puţinele medii aglutinante ale creativilor şi
ale start-up-irilor inovative, capabile să evolueze către afaceri de succes.
Deşi numărul de spaţii coworking nu reprezintă o garanţie a generării
oraşelor creative, totuşi un număr mare de astfel de medii e necesar
dezvoltării comunităţilor ce activează în industriile creative.
14
Deşi majoritatea statelor au avut parte de experienţa episodului
socialist, teritoriul analizat e unul eterogen din punctul de vedere
economic (fig. 2). Introducerea Austriei, stat dintre cele mai
dezvoltate din lume, în arealul studiat din două motive principale:
Chiar în interiorul statelor foste socialiste, cele trei decenii ale libertăţilor regăsite s-au scurs în mod diferit.
Ecarturi importante (încă!) există între ţările Tratatului de la Visegrad sau Slovenia şi ţările baltice, pe de o
parte, şi ultimile intrate (Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia), pe de altă parte; între acestea din urmă şi ţările non-UE
ale fostului bloc sovietic (Republica Moldova, Ucraina şi Belarus) sau ale Balcanilor de vest.
Extrem de importantă în economia studiului e ierarhia urbană, de care depinde diagnosticul în ceea ce priveşte
gradul de maturizare al structurilor naţionale în ceea ce priveşte industriile creative (fig.3).
FabLab Iași
Fab Lab Iași (www.fablabiasi.ro), situat in partea de est a Romaniei,
are o suprafata de peste 700 mp si ofera diferite scenarii pentru
utilizarea flexibila a spatiului (zone de competitie, colaborare, spatiu
de productie, sali de invatamant, spatii pentru conferinte video si
personal birouri). Spațiul funcționează ca o platformă independentă
care reunește inovația și comunitatea tehnologică din Iași.
Concluzii
E dificil sa surprinzi contextul atunci când domeniul analizat e unul
aflat în desfășurare accelerată. Cel mai adesea nu există nici date
oficiale, pentru că satistica teritorială e depășită de evoluțiile rapide
ale industriilor creative, încă vag definite. Atenția a fost îndreptată
către spațiile de coworking care sunt printre puținele medii
aglutinate ale creativilor și ale start-up-urilor inovative, capabile
să evolueze către afaceri de succes. Deși numărul de spații de
coworking nu reprezintă o garanție a generării orasșelor creative,
totuși un număr mare de astfel de medii e necesar dezvoltării
comunitățilior ce activează în industriile creative.
17
Fig. 1 Maps
44 BELARUS
4.5 ROMANIA
112 94
AUSTRIA 35 SLOVAKIA REPUBLIC OF
MOLDOVA
157 HUNGARY
6
12 SLOVENIA 79 ROMANIA
SERBIA 88
17 CROATIA:
BOSNIA AND 5 22
HERTZEGOVINA BULGARIA
MONTENEGRO
0 FYROM 58
10
2
ALBANIA
GREECE
32
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
CYPRUS 13
Source: Gooogle Map
18
Fig. 2 EN RO
LATVIA: 33.7
25 364
SLOVENIA
LITHUANIA: 51.4 15 048
POLAND
11 816
ROMANIA
BELARUS: 54.0 7 102 BULGARIA
POLAND: 571.3 2 453 MIN: REPUBLIC
OF MOLDOVA
AUSTRIA: 442.4
REPUBLIC OF
HUNGARY: 144.3 MOLDOVA: 8.7
ROMANIA: 233.5
SLOVENIA: 52.4
ALBANIA: 14.1
GREECE: 221.6
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
GDP (NOMINAL)
(Billions $)
100
10 <10 CYPRUS: 22.9
19
Fig. 3 EN RO
TALLIN
RIGA
Kaunas VILNIUS
Wrocław
Łódź
Katowice Lublin
Lviv KYIV
PRAGUE Rzeszów
Brno Ostrava Kraków Charkiv
Vinnytsia
Kosice
BRATISLAVA Cernăuţi (Chernivtsi) Dnipro
VIENNA Kryvyj Rih
CHIŞINĂU Zaporižžija
Innsbruck Graz Debrecen Iaşi
BUDAPEST Mykolaïv
Cluj
LJUBLJANA Timisoara Odessa
Novi Sad Braşov
ZAGREB
BUCHAREST
SARAJEVO BELGRADE
Craiova Constanţa
Split SOFIA
Pristina Varna
PODGORICA
Plovdiv
SKOPJE
TIRANA
Thessaloniki
No. inhabitants
(th. persons.)
ATHENS
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
3 200
1 200
Capital Cities
500
Regional cities/secondary cities
250
50 Tertiary cities
NICOSIA
Source: EUROSTAT database, citypopulation.de
20
Fig. 4 EN RO
KNOWLEDGE NODES
UNIVERSITIES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE (2017)
TALLIN
RIGA
Kaunas VILNIUS
Gdansk (Tricity)
Szczecin MINSK
Hrodna
Bydgoszcz Bialystok
Poznan WARSAW Homel
Wrocław Łódź
Katowice Lublin
Rzeszów KYIV
Lviv
PRAGUE
Ostrava Kraków Charkiv
Brno
Ivano-Frankivsk Vinnytsia
Kosice
Cernăuţi (Chernivtsi) Dnipro
VIENNA BRATISLAVA
Kryvyj Rih
Graz CHIŞINĂU
Innsbruck Debrecen Iaşi Zaporižžija
BUDAPEST Mykolaïv
Cluj
LJUBLJANA Timisoara Odessa
Braşov
ZAGREB
BUCHAREST
SARAJEVO BELGRADE
Craiova Constanţa
SOFIA Varna
PRISTINA
PODGORICA
Plovdiv
SKOPJE
TIRANA
Thessaloniki
ATHENS
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
No. of students
> 50 000 students
20 000 - 50 000 students
< 20 000 students NICOSIA
21
Fig. 5 EN RO
TALLIN
RIGA
Kaunas
VILNIUS
Gdansk (Tricity)
MINSK
Szczecin Bydgoszcz
WARSAW
Poznan
Łódź
Wrocław Lublin
Katowice
Rzeszów KYIV
PRAGUE Ostrava
Kraków Lviv Charkiv
Brno Ivano-Frankivsk
Kosice Dnipro
Salzburg BRATISLAVA
VIENNA
Suceava CHIŞINĂU
Innsbruck Graz Debrecen Oradea Iaşi
BUDAPEST Odessa
Cluj
Bacău
LJUBLJANA Timisoara
ZAGREB Sibiu
Tuzla BUCHAREST
Craiova
SARAJEVO BELGRADE Constanţa
Split Dubrovnik SOFIA Varna
PRISTINA
Tivat Burgas
PODGORICA
Plovdiv
SKOPJE
Thessaloniki
TIRANA
> 10 millions
5 - 10 millions
1 - 5 millions
Predominantly charter Chania Santorini
< 1 million Rhodes
22
Fig. 6 EN RO
TALLIN
SEA
Tartu
TIC
RIGA
B AL
Klaipėda
VILNIUS
Kaliningrad
Koszalin Kaunas
MINSK
Szczecin Gdansk (Tricity)
Bydgoszcz Plock Olsztyn Hrodna
Bialystok
Gorzów Wielkopolski
Toruń
Zielona Góra Poznan Homel'
WARSAW
Leszno Kalisz Łódź
Jelenia Góra Wrocław Radom
Liberec Wałbrzych Lublin
Ústí nad Labem Kielce Rivne
Teplice Opole Katowice Luc'k KYIV
Most Kladno Mlada Boleslav
Hradec Králové Rybnik Tarnów Rzeszów
Bielsko-Biała
Plzen PRAGUE Ostrava Kraków Lviv
Pardubice Khmelnytskyi
Nowy Sącz Ternopil Čėrkasy Poltava
Charkiv
České Budějovice Brno Olomouc Žilina Vinnytsia
Kosice Ivano-Frankivsk Krėmėnčuk
Linz
Nitra Donetsk
Sankt Pölten Nyíregyháza Cernăuţi (Chernivtsi) Dnipro
Wels
VIENNA BRATISLAVA Miskolc
Salzburg Zaporižžija
Bregenz Leoben Gyor BUDAPEST Satu Mare
Iaşi CHIŞINĂU
Villach Graz Veszprém Debrecen Zalău Piatra Neamţ
Feldkirch Innsbruck Szekesfehervar Kecskemét Oradea Odessa Mariupil
Cluj Roman
Klagenfurth Szekszárd Szeged Bacău
Arad Târgu Mureş
LJUBLJANA Pecs Sibiu Sf. Gheorghe
ZAGREB Novi Sad Timişoara Braşov Galaţi
Rijeka Piteşti
BELGRADE BUCHAREST
Zadar Banja Luka Craiova
Constanţa
DR SARAJEVO Kragujevac Ruse
IAT Split SEA
A
SOFIA
Niš
K
IC BLAC
Varna
PODGORICA Stara Zagora
Dubrovnik Prishtinë Burgas
SEA
Plovdiv
SKOPJE
No. of Co-working Spaces TIRANA
Thessaloniki
Istanbul
121
SEA
IONIC
AEGE
64
Patras
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
45
AN S
23
5 ATHENS
MEDITARANE
EA
1
EAN SE
A
0 200 km
Heraklion NICOSIA
Sources: www.google.ro/maps , Cuguat TIGRIS Database, Extind Databases Paphos Limasol
23
Fig. 7 EN RO
SLOVAKIA
44
35
SLOVENIA CROATIA:
12 17
BOSNIA AND
HERTZEGOVINA
SERBIA 94 11
22 BELARUS
5 UKRAINE
UKRAINE&BELARUS
BALKANIC AREA
MONTENEGRO - 0 ALBANIA FYROM BULGARIA ROMANIA R. MOLDOVA
0 2 10 58 88 6
ROMANIA&REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
157 Capital-City 32 13
24
Fig. 8 EN RO
Łódź
Wrocław
KYIV
PRAGUE Kraków
Lviv Charkiv
Brno Kosice
Dnipro
VIENNA BRATISLAVA
BUDAPEST Iaşi CHIŞINĂU Zaporižžija
Cluj
LJUBLJANA Odessa
ZAGREB
BELGRADE BUCHAREST
SARAJEVO
SOFIA Varna
Pristina
PODGORICA
SKOPJE
TIRANA Thessaloniki
c CUGUAT - TIGRIS IASI, UAIC
ATHENS
25
CREDITS LINKS
phd. George ȚURCĂNAȘU • HAMDOUCH, Abdelillah; DEPRET, Marc-Hubert et
CUGUAT TIGRIS - UAIC TANGUY Corinne (2012), Mondialisation et résilience
des territoires Trajectoires, dynamiques d’acteurs et
Dan ZAHARIA
experiences, Presses de l’Université du Québec
EXTIND, FabLabIași
• PINmagazine - www.pinmagazine.ro
contact@fablabiasi.ro fb.com/pinmapiasi
fb.com/fablabiasi
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