14th Meeting of Sentence-based Writing – Relative Clauses May 22, 2018

Relative Clause

A. Definition

 Relative clause (Adjective clause): is a dependent clause introduced by a

relative pronoun or relative adverb.
 It functions as an adjective (to modify noun).

Relative Pronoun Relative Adverb

 Replaces a noun phrase or pronoun  Replaces a prepositional phrase in
in the dependent clause the dependent clause

 It includes:  It includes:
a. Who a. Where (yang di mana)
b. Whom b. When (yang ketika)
c. Which (Yang) c. Why (yang mengapa)
d. That
e. Whose (+ noun)

B. Examples:

 Workers who usually use Go-Ride service want to save time.

 The store where we shop for groceries is closed for vacation.
 J.Co Kemang, where my brother works, is famous for its luxurious interior
design.

C. Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clause

 Relative clauses are classified as restrictive or nonrestrictive.

Restrictive clause Nonrestrictive clause

 Information in restrictive  Information in a nonrestrictive

clause is necessary to identify clause is not necessary to
the noun phrase it modifies. identify the noun phrase it
modifies; it merely provides

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 14th Meeting of Sentence-based Writing – Relative Clauses May 22, 2018

 Do not use coma to separate
the restrictive clause from the
independent clause.
 Example:
Workers who usually use Go-
Ride service want to save time.
additional information.
 Use a comma to separate the
nonrestrictive clause from the
independent clause.
 Example:
J.Co Kemang, where my
brother works, is famous for its
luxurious interior design.

a. Who
b. Whom
c. Which Can be restrictive or
d. Whose nonrestrictive
e. Where
f. When
Can only be
g. Why
restrictive
h. That

D. Specific Examples

Relative Pronoun
No and Relative Reference Example
Adverb
 Workers who usually
use Go-Ride service
want to save time.
It refers only to
 Rick and Morty, who
1 Who people and is a
usually use Go-Ride
subject pronoun.
service, want to save
time, energy, and
money.

 The professor whom

you should find is Dr.
It refers only to
Daisy.
2 Whom people and is an
object pronoun.

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14th Meeting of Sentence-based Writing – Relative Clauses May 22, 2018

 Dr. Daisy, whom you

should find, is my
lecturer.

 The Space Museum,

which we visited
yesterday, has many
unique collections.

 They are creating an

It refers to things application which is
3 Which and is a subject or helpful for the
object pronoun. lecturers.

 ABC application, which

can be used to teach
EYL students, is popular
now.

 The problem that we

It refers to things
have is not too serious.
or people and is a
subject or object
4 That  The singers that you
pronoun in
like are pushed from
restrictive clauses
the stage.
only.
 Our senior
meteorologist, whose
job is to make weather
It refers to things prediction, cannot work
5 Whose + noun or people and is a today.
possessive.
 The man, whose job I
want badly, is a brilliant
teacher.
 The village where my
best friend worked was
a conflict area.
6 Where It refers to a place
 Kyoto, where Mr. Taka
was born, is famous for
its beautiful temples.

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14th Meeting of Sentence-based Writing – Relative Clauses May 22, 2018

 Saturday is the day

when we celebrate our
laziness.

 Many artists do
nationalistic activities
7 When It refers to a time
on August 17, when
Indonesians celebrate
their independence
day, to entertain our
neighborhood.

 I don’t know the reason

8 Why It refers to a reason why we should do this
activity.