Professional Documents
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Handover
Feature Guide
ZGB-02-02-01 Basic Handover
GU Commercial
V1.0 2012/03/11 Huang Anjie System Supporting New
Dept.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 Overview ............................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Feature Introduction ............................................................................................. 7
2.2 License Control .................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Correlation with Other Features ........................................................................... 7
7 Abbreviation .................................................................................................... 69
8 Reference Document....................................................................................... 69
FIGURES
TABLES
Table 3-1 Parameter List of Calculating the Margin of Power Budget ................................11
Table 3-2 Description of Handover Cell Judgment Parameters ..........................................14
Table 3-3 Target Cell Selection Policy due to Different Handover Reasons .......................14
Table 4-1 Parameter List ...................................................................................................17
Table 4-2 Configuration rule of BSC intracell handover enable ..........................................18
Table 4-3 Configuration rule of Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to uplink interference
(Low Speed) .........................................................................................................................18
Table 4-4 Configuration rule of Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to downlink
interference (Low Speed) .....................................................................................................19
Table 4-5 Configuration rule of Uplink interference quality offset........................................19
1 Feature Attribute
BSC Version: [ZXUR 9000 GSM (V6.50.102)]
Property: [Basic]
MS √
BTS √
BSC √
MSC √
MGW -
SGSN -
GGSN -
HLR -
Note: [None]
2 Overview
Intra-BSC inter-cell handover: handover between similar channels in different cells that
are controlled by a BSC.
Intra-MSC inter-BSC handover: handover between similar channels in different cells that
are controlled by different BSCs under a MSC.
Inter-MSC handover: handover between similar channels in different cells that are
controlled by different MSCs.
ZXUR9000 can activate various kinds of handover algorithms based on actual network
conditions. If all the algorithms are activated, they will be used in a proper order. Some
handover parameters are set at cell level and some are set for each adjacent cell
ZGO-04-02-005 Co-BCCH
Features like Handover between Macro- and Micro-cells, Directed-Shift Handover and
Traffic Based Handover can be categorized into the handover types described in this
feature.
The relation between this feature and Dynamic Priority: target cell of this feature is sorted
by dynamic priority method. There are two methods to sort the target cells, dynamic
priority and power budget. First sort the target cells based on dynamic priority, and then
sort them based on power budget if dynamic priority is the same.
The relation between this feature and Multi-layer Cell Structure: the cell layer structure is
used in cell layer configuration and target cell selection.
The relation between this feature and these features Concentric Circle Technology and
Co-BCCH: Intra-cell handover of this feature includes sub-cell handover, and sub-cell
handover will happen if Concentric Circle Technology or Co-BCCH feature is activated.
3 Technical Description
Figure 3-1 shows the order of handover implementation, including handover parameter
configuration, measurement report processing, handover decision, target cell selection,
target cell sorting, failure penalty policy, and handover execution. Handover execution is
not described in this document.
Start
Handover Parameter
Configuration
Failure penalty
policy
Handover
End
execution
In normal network plan, Cell structure is divided into four layers: umbrella cell, macro-cell,
micro-ell and pico-cell. For detailed description of cell layer setting, please refer to
“ZGO-05-02-008 Multi-layer Cell Structure" feature description.
For the parameter configuration of various handover algorithms, please refer to the
feature description of related algorithms: “ZGO-02-02-001 Handover between Macro-
and Micro-cells”, ”ZGO-02-02-002 Dynamic Handover Priority Algorithm”,
“ZGO-02-02-003 Directed-Shift Handover” , ”ZGO-02-02-007 Traffic Based Handover”,
“ZGO-05-02-008 Multi-layer Cell Structure”, “ZGO-05-02-009 Concentric Circle
Technology” and “ZGO-04-02-005 Co-BCCH”.
Measurement report is the original data for handover decision. ZTE GSM system uses
slide window mechanism and weighted average method.
The reason of using weighted average is that DTX (Discontinuous Transmission) may be
used on uplink/downlink. DTX mode means that the system does not transmit signals
during the speech intermission of subscriber conversation. For non-DTX mode, it is more
accurate since it is the average value of measurement results of all timeslots. For DTX
mode, it is less accurate since it is the average value of measurement results of some
timeslots. During the averaging process, give a weight more than 1 for the data with
higher reliability. This is the meaning of weighted average.
Do preprocessing only after the number of measurement reports reaches the size of
slide window. By default, the size of slide window is 4.
If DTX is enabled, the accuracy of level and quality values in measurement report may
be compromised. So the weight of measurement report with DTX is different from that
without DTX. The weight of measurement report is 1 if DTX is enabled. The weight of
measurement report can be set to (1, 2, 3) if DTX is disabled, 2 by default.
If the (K-1)th measurement report is lost and the average window size is 8, average = 1/7
(RXLEV_NCELL(K)+0+RXLEV_NCELL(K-2)+....+RXLEV_NCELL(K-7)).
Current power in measurement report will be used to calculate the subsequent PBGT.
If the downlink data within this measurement period is valid and the average of downlink
level is provided, PBGT value of this adjacent cell can be calculated based on formula (1)
and (2):
Table 3-1 describes the parameters in formula (1), (2), and (3).
Parameter Meaning
BSC judges if the handover conditions are met in order. Once a handover condition is
met, the handover is executed. In general, the priority of intra-cell handover algorithm is
higher than that of inter-cell handover algorithm. Intra-cell handover algorithm includes
subcell handover and uplink/downlink interference handover. Inter-cell handover
algorithm includes uplink/downlink quality handover, uplink/downlink level handover,
MS-BS hyper-long handover, rapid level drop, PBGT handover, macro-micro handover,
directed-shift handover, traffic handover (initiated by BSC), query handover (initiated by
MSC), and directed retry.
Note that traffic handover and query handover are actively initiated by BSC and MSC,
respectively. Directed retry is initiated during call establishment, so the process is
different from those based on above handover algorithm.
Note that handover criteria should be set higher than power control criteria on the same
decision condition, in order to do power control firstly.
Serving cell need not be replaced for intra-cell handover. You only need change carrier
and timeslot. First select carrier. If the carrier is same, select the timeslot with the lowest
interference band for handover. If the interference band is same, select any timeslot to
do handover.
If inter-cell handover occurs, you should consider layer selection policy and handover
decision criterion to select the target cell.
You can combine criterion 1~4 to select the target cell. Criterion 1 is a necessary
required condition, which means the average level of the handover-to adjacent cell must
be larger than the minimum handover level.
Comprehensively consider layer selection policy and handover decision criterion, the
policies to select the target cell due to different handover reasons are listed in Table 3-3
Table 3-3 Target Cell Selection Policy due to Different Handover Reasons
Subcell
Pico timer invalid Criterion 1
handover
Uplink/downlink
interference Pico timer invalid Criterion 1
handover
Handover from
Macro- to Only lower layer Criterion 1
Micro-cell
Directed-shift
Pico timer invalid Criterion 1
handover
Traffic
Pico timer invalid Criterion 1
handover
Note that the pico timer is set during the handover initialization, which is performed after
the access of MS in the case of immediate assignment, assignment or handoff. Before
the pico timer expires, handover is performed according to the sequence: upper layer -
same layer - lower layer. But when the pico timer expires, handover is performed in the
sequence: same layer - upper layer - lower layer.
Sort the target cells after the proper adjacent cells are searched out, then the best cell is
selected finally.
There are 3 decisive factors for sorting target cell: priority, traffic and radio condition.
Priority and traffic are the main factors, if these two factors lead to same results, radio
condition is picked up to sort.
Priority comprises static priority and dynamic priority. The static priorities for different
target cells are set based on network traffic and handover success rate. The system
prefers to handover to the target cell with higher priority. Also, the system can
automatically adjust the priority of target cell and set the dynamic priority based on traffic
and congestion in target cell.
First sort target cells based on cell priority. If dynamic priority is set, dynamic priority is
used, if not, static priority is used.
If two cells have the same priorities, sort target cell based on power budget margin.
For detailed information about dynamic priority, please refer to “ZGO-02-02-002 Dynamic
Handover Priority Algorithm”.
If the priority of target cell is same, sort it based on power budget margin.
SN Name Figure
Abbreviation HoIntraEnable
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GBssHandoverControl
Value range 0..1
Unit NA
Default value 1
Table 4-3 Configuration rule of Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to uplink
interference (Low Speed)
Abbreviation hoControlIntfUl_L
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0..1
Unit NA
Default value 0
Table 4-4 Configuration rule of Allow intra-Cell handover attempt due to downlink
interference (Low Speed)
Abbreviation hoControlIntfDl_L
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0..1
Unit NA
Default value 0
Abbreviation qOffSetUl
Description It helps to determine whether the intracell interference happens
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0~20
Unit NA
Default value 10
Abbreviation sOffSetUl
Description It helps to determine whether the intracell interference happens
Abbreviation qOffSetDl
Description It helps to determine whether the intracell interference happens
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0~20
Unit NA
Default value 10
Abbreviation sOffSetDl
Description It helps to determine whether the intracell interference happens
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0~20
Unit NA
Default value 10
Abbreviation hoUlLevThs
1:-110~-109 2:-109~-108 3:-108~-107 4:-107~-106
5:-106~-105 6:-105~-104 7:-104~-103 8:-103~-102
9:-102~-101 10:-101~-100 11:-100~-99 12:-99~-98
13:-98~-97 14:-97~-96 15:-96~-95 16:-95~-94
17:-94~-93 18:-93~-92 19:-92~-91 20:-91~-90
21:-90~-89 22:-89~-88 23:-88~-87 24:-87~-86
25:-86~-85 26:-85~-84 27:-84~-83 28:-83~-82
29:-82~-81 30:-81~-80 31:-80~-79 32:-79~-78
Description
33:-78~-77 34:-77~-76 35:-76~-75 36:-75~-74
37:-74~-73 38:-73~-72 39:-72~-71 40:-71~-70
41:-70~-69 42:-69~-68 43:-68~-67 44:-67~-66
45:-66~-65 46:-65~-64 47:-64~-63 48:-63~-62
49:-62~-61 50:-61~-60 51:-60~-59 52:-59~-58
53:-58~-57 54:-57~-56 55:-56~-55 56:-55~-54
57:-54~-53 58:-53~-52 59:-52~-51 60:-51~-50
61:-50~-49 62:-49~-48 63:>-48
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0~63
Unit dBm
Default value 7
Abbreviation hoDlLevThs
Abbreviation hoUlQualThs
It defines a uplink receive quality threshold to decide when to
Description
handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 8~70
Unit NA
Default value 49
Abbreviation hoDlQualThs
It defines a downlink receive quality threshold to decide when to
Description
handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 8~70
Unit NA
Default value 49
Abbreviation hoUlLevP
If there are P(number) average uplink receive level less than
Description related threshold in N(number) average uplink receive level,
then MS should be handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 1~20
Unit NA
Default value 2
Abbreviation hoUlLevN
If there are P(number) average uplink receive level less than
Description related threshold in N(number) average uplink receive level,
then MS should be handover.
Abbreviation hoDlLevP
If there are P(number) average downlink receive level less than
Description related threshold in N(number) average downlink receive level,
then MS should be handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 1~20
Unit NA
Default value 2
Abbreviation hoDlLevN
If there are P(number) average downlink receive level less than
Description related threshold in N(number) average downlink receive level,
then MS should be handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 1~20
Unit NA
Default value 3
Abbreviation hoUlQualP
If there are P(number) average uplink receive quality less than
Description related threshold in N(number) average uplink quality level,
then MS should be handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 1~20
Unit NA
Default value 2
Abbreviation hoUlQualN
If there are P(number) average uplink receive quality less than
Description related threshold in N(number) average uplink quality level,
then MS should be handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 1~20
Unit NA
Default value 3
Abbreviation hoDlQualP
Abbreviation hoDlQualN
If there are P(number) average downlink receive quality less
Description than related threshold in N(number) average downlink receive
quality, then MS should be handover.
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 1~20
Unit NA
Default value 3
Abbreviation hoControlQualUl_L
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0..1
Unit NA
Default value 1
Abbreviation hoControlLevUl_L
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0..1
Unit NA
Default value 1
Abbreviation hoControlQualDl_L
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GHandoverControl
Value range 0..1
Unit NA
Default value 1
Abbreviation hoControlLevDl_L
“0” means not allowed;
Description
“1” means allowed
Managed object GHandoverControl
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
C901260162 Number of seizure data TCH/F IFTA channel success for handover
C901260163 Number of seizure voice TCH/F IFTA channel success for handover
C901260166 Number of seizure data TCH/F IFTA channel failure due to uplink
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to request UDP port failure for
C901260210
handover (speech version4)
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to request UDP port failure for
C901260216
handover (speech version5)
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
C901270158 Number of seizure data TCH/H IFTA channel success for handover
C901270159 Number of seizure voice TCH/H IFTA channel success for handover
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to request UDP port failure for
C901270198
handover (speech version4)
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
C901060039 Number of TCH/F handover attempts due to large TA and path loss
C901060040 Number of TCH/F handover attempts due to small TA and path loss
Counter ID Name
C901060062 Number of TCH/H handover attempts due to large TA and path loss
C901060063 Number of TCH/H handover attempts due to small TA and path loss
Counter ID Name
transfer
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
C902500015 Number of back to Source cell successful when handover (On TCH/F)
Counter ID Name
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to apply IPA board failure for
C902510007
handover(speech)
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to apply IPA board failure for
C902510109
handover(data)
Counter ID Name
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to apply IPA board failure for
C902520007
handover(speech)
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to apply IPA board failure for
C902520091
handover(data)
Counter ID Name
Counter ID Name
C901100049 Number of Speech TCH drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100050 Number of Data TCH drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100051 Number of Signal TCH drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100052 Number of Speech TCH/F drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100053 Number of Data TCH/F drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100054 Number of Signal TCH/F drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100055 Number of Speech TCH/H drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100056 Number of Data TCH/H drops due to handover failure to this cell
C901100057 Number of Signal TCH/H drops due to handover failure to this cell
6 Engineering Guide
When MS moves from a site coverage area to another site area or call quality drops due
to interference during conversation, a better voice channel should be used to keep the
conversation and do the proper handover based on target cell.
If target cell and source cell are under a base station, intra-cell handover is initiated. If
target cell and source cell are under different base stations, inter-cell handover is
initiated.
The handover takes the uplink/downlink level quality and TA value, which are measured
by MS and base station, to determine if it should hand over to a cell based on handover
decision criterion and resource allocation algorithm.
The configuration is the same as 6.2.3 MSC Intra-cell Handover, except configure
External GSM Cell & Adjustment GSM Cell as different cell.
Basic Handover has different types, and we only list a typical kind as following. The
differences are only on whether handover occurs in BSC Intra-cell, BSC Inter-cell, MSC
Intra-cell or MSC Inter-cell.
Test Item Inter-cell,Intra-BSC Handover
Precondition 1. check CN is healthy;
2. check BSC is healthy;
3. check SDR is healthy;
4. check Cell A and Cell B in the same BSC are
available,and check default cell configuration and
parameters in BSC;
5. MSs are ready;
6. ensure good radio environment;
Test Steps 1. Cell A is the serving cell,set Cell B as the neighbour
cell of Cell A,and set Min threshold of signal level for
handover on quality as proper value(such as ”0”) in
Adjacent GSM cell configuration.
2. Set “Allow quality handover in uplink/downlink(low
speed)” as “yes” in Handover control.
3. Set “Uplink/Downlink receive quality threshold” as
proper value in Handover control. Smaller is better,
such as “8”.
4. Open BSSAP of two cells in signaling trace.
5. MS1 makes a call in serving cell.
6. Add interference (use shielding device etc.) in the
serving cell to make MS’s UL/DL quality worse than
threshold.
Anticipative Result 1. MS handover from cell A to cell B, and no call-drop.
2. There is ”handover performed” message in BSSAP
signaling trace,and handover cause is”UL quality”
or ”DL quality”.
Message Flow
Test Description
Test Result
1. Impact on network
After this feature is enabled, subscriber can make conversation on movement between
different cells, so network quality is improved and subscriber perception is enhanced.
Adjacent cell layer and static priority can control the handover direction.
The introduction of dynamic priority can automatically adjust the traffic distribution in
the network to relieve the network congestion.
Failure penalty policy can reduce the number of cell failures in a target cell, to
improve the network handover success rate. It is recommended that penalty period
of handover failure should be set to 10-15s.
The layer is a logic layer, irrespective of actual site type (macro site or micro site).
Layer setting may impact the priority selection of target cell during handover. The
priority of layer is higher than static or dynamic priority.
No impact on the capacity of BSC and BTS after this feature is enabled.
7 Abbreviation
Abbreviations Full Characteristics
DL Down Link
TA Timing Advance
UL Up Link
8 Reference Document
ZXUR 9000 GSM(V6.50.10) Base Station Controller Performance Counter Reference
ZGO-04-02-005 Co-BCCH