Manual Epic III Eng v1 0 r4 PDF

EPIC III Fläktbus
Operator´s Manual and Installation Instructions
Power Service
Page 1
Preface
Preface
EPIC III the ESP controller of the future
This Operator’s and Installation Manual for EPIC III contains information
for all groups of users from the installation and commissioning to daily oper-
ation and tuning of the cleaning process. In addition this manulal has an
appendix with the FläktBus Manual.
ALSTOM Power reserves the right to revise any publication and to make changes to its contents, at any time,
without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision or changes. Furthermore, ALSTOM Power
reserves the right to make changes to any and all parts of hardware and software, at any time, without obliga-
tion to notify any person or entity of such changes.
Page 2
Preface
Page 1
Contents
Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................... 3 7.4. Copy settings ............................................ 46
1.1. EPIC III system ........................................... 3 7.5. [Save settings] .......................................... 47
1.2. EPIC III controller ....................................... 3 7.6. ESP Master function ................................. 48
7.7. EPOQ - Electrostatic Precipitator
Optimizing Q algorithm 49
2. The EPIC menu system .................................... 7
7.8. OpOpt - Opacity optimization algorithm .... 52
2.1. [Operation] .................................................. 8
7.9. VI-curve function ...................................... 55
2.2. [Readings] ................................................... 9
7.10.I/O groups and auxiliary inputs ................. 60
2.3. [Alarm Table] ............................................ 10
7.11.Timer functions ......................................... 69
2.4. [Master] ..................................................... 11
2.5. [Process settings] ..................................... 12
2.6. [Set Up Menu] ........................................... 13 8. Variable list ..................................................... 81
2.7. [Inputs] ...................................................... 17
2.8. [ESP] ......................................................... 17 9. Trouble shooting ............................................ 91
2.9. [EPOQ] ..................................................... 17 9.1. Alarm messages ....................................... 91
2.10.[VI-curve] .................................................. 19 9.2. Alarm messages list ................................. 92
2.11.[Diagnostics] ............................................. 20 9.3. External alarms ........................................ 96
2.12.[Tests] ....................................................... 21 9.4. Other faults ............................................... 96
2.13.[Save settings] .......................................... 22 9.5. Diagnostics windows ................................ 97
9.6. Test windows ............................................ 98
3. Installation ....................................................... 23 9.7. Program update ...................................... 100
3.1. General ..................................................... 23 9.8. Warranty & Repair Service ..................... 101
3.2. Assembly rules ......................................... 23
3.3. Connection ................................................ 23 10.Technical data .............................................. 103
10.1.General ................................................... 103
4. First start up (including initial set up) ........... 25 10.2.Analog inputs .......................................... 104
4.1. General instructions .................................. 25 10.3.Analog outputs ....................................... 105
4.2. Initial checks to avoid damage .................. 25 10.4.Digital inputs ........................................... 105
4.3. Power up self test ..................................... 26 10.5.Digital outputs ......................................... 107
4.4. Set up of configuration parameters ........... 26 10.6.Power supply .......................................... 107
4.5. Digital alarm test ....................................... 30 10.7.Communication ...................................... 107
4.6. Ignition phase test ..................................... 30 10.8.Front panel LEDs ................................... 108
4.7. First start up .............................................. 32
4.8. T/R short circuit test .................................. 33 11.Word list ....................................................... 109
4.9. I/O groups etc. .......................................... 34
Appendices
5. Tuning of ESP operation ................................ 35
EPIC III settings ......................................... 1 page
5.1. Spark settings ........................................... 35
Mounting drawing EPIC III (V4 559 883) .... 1 page
5.2. Process parameters .................................. 35
Mounting drawing ignition
5.3. [Process settings] ..................................... 35
transformer (V3632136) ............................. 1 page
Connection diagram, example (V3635661) 1 page
6. Daily operation ................................................ 37 Declaration of conformity ........................... 1 page
6.1. ESP-Master operation .............................. 37 FläktBus manual .......................................4 pages
6.2. Operation of single T/Rs ........................... 37
7. Function descriptions .................................... 39

7.1. General measurements and control ......... 39
7.2. Spark detection and control ...................... 40
7.3. Password function .................................... 45
Page 2
Contents
Page 3
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1. EPIC III system
The EPIC III (Electrostatic Precipitator Integrated Controller) system is an
ALSTOM Power third generation microprocessor based control system for
electrostatic precipitators. With a separate control unit and display unit, a
new degree of design freedom is achieved.
The new EPIC III concept consists of two major components of which only
one is needed for basic operation.
• EPIC III main unit, includes all processing power.
• Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), needed only as an operator interface.
One RTU can serve as the operator interface for many EPICs
To host
computer
ProMo
RTU RTU Gateway II
Not to be used
with EFFIC
FläktBus
1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13
12 24 12 24 12 24 12 24 12 24 12 24
25 41 25 41 25 41 25 41 25 41 25 41
EFFIC Fabric Filter Control EFFIC Fabric Filter Control

40 56 40 56 40 56 40 56 40 56 40 56
POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER

ALARM ALARM ALARM ALARM ALARM ALARM
SPARK SPARK SPARK SPARK SPARK SPARK
TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN
TRON TRON TRON TRON TRON TRON
SYNC SYNC SYNC SYNC SYNC SYNC
RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU
25 41 25 41 25 41 25 41 25 41 25 41
ON ON ON ON ON ON
NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK
40 56 40 56 40 56 40 56 40 56 40 56
EPIC III Control unit for T/R\s EFFIC Control unit for Fabric filter
FF
ES
EFFIC Fabric Filter Control
EPICAB
Control of
T/R, rappers,
heaters etc. SIR
HV energization
and control of
appers, heaters etc
Conventional T/R
ProMo, colour graphic software package, host computer gateways with soft-
ware protocol is available as an option.
1.2. EPIC III controller

The EPIC III is a microprocessor based unit for regulation and control of the
electric power input to electrostatic precipitators. The EPIC III maintains the
spark rate at a suitable level for large variations of gas temperature, dust
composition, gas flow, etc. It regulates the rectifier in such a way that the
current through the electrostatic precipitator is corrected as the conditions for
sparking change. The whole operation can be monitored by the RTU, ProMo
and host computers.
Page 4
1. Introduction
The EPIC III gives alarm messages to the operator when values are lower or
higher than set, if one or several alarm contacts are activated etc. All alarm
messages are displayed on and may be reset from RTU, ProMo, etc.
Six operating modes can be predefined and then selected for each individual
EPIC III.
The EPIC III has a Master function which means that one EPIC III, defined
as master unit, can control all EPIC IIIs in the FläktBus system and achieve
greater total ESP performance.
Operation together with the optional EPOQ algorithm, Electrostatic Precipi-
tator Optimizing Q, optimizes the best collection efficiency at different load
conditions.
The EPIC III contains one circuit board mounted in the enclosure. The cir-
cuit board holds all functions needed for the complete controller:
•Power Supply feed from 24V AC or DC.
•One 16 bit Microprocessor with software.
•Data acquisition analog and digital.
1 13
•Analogue outputs (kV, mA)

24
•Ignition circuits for the SCR.
12
25 41
•Non-Volatile Memory (EEPROM, no battery
needed) for storing of system parameters.
•Non-Volatile Memory (FLASH) for storage of
40 56
control software.
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
TOKE
TRON
SYNC
N
•Real Time Clock (capacitor backed, no battery

RTU
needed).
25 41
ON
•Field Bus Communication (FläktBus) for com-

K
NETWOR
40 56
munication with RTU, ProMo, Gateway and other
connected EPIC III units.
•Ethernet kit will be available.
1.2.1. Front panel

There are several LEDs on the front panel indicating the status of the
EPIC III. Status information can also be obtained from other equipment like
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), ProMo etc.
Page 5
1. Introduction
POWER Power from the +5 V power supply unit is OK

ALARM Indicates during all alarm conditions
Lit = tripping alarm
POWER Flicking = warning alarm
ALARM SPARK One flicking for each detected spark
SPARK
1 13
TOKEN Flicking during communication over FläktBus
TOKEN No flicking = no communication
12 24
25 41
TRON T/R ON Indicates if the main contactor and T/R is ON.

56
SYNC SYNC Indicates when EPIC is locked to line fre-
40
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
TOKEN
TRON
quency.
SYNC
RTU connector Service connector with power and FläktBus

RTU
25 41
ON RK
NETWO
40 56
RTU for one RTU used at first start-up and during

trouble shooting.
NETWORK ON = (Normal position) EPIC con-
nected to external FläktBus network
and to the RTU connector above.
OFF = (For test and maintenance)
ON EPIC is only connected to the RTU
NETWORK
connector.
All terminals on the left-hand side of EPIC III are made through plug-in ter-
minals. This arrangement makes service fast by swapping a unit without hav-
ing to unscrew all the wires. For all information about the hardware input/
output of both analog and digital signals, see section 10. Technical data on
page 103.
Page 6
1. Introduction
Page 7
2. The EPIC menu system

The following pages describe all windows in EPIC III displayed by using an
RTU. All names between brackets [ ] are menus containing parameters. At
the beginning of this chapter there is a chart of all windows as they appear in
the RTU. It is recommended to read the text below, as well as studying the
“Window structure chart”. For detailed information about each parameters,
see section 8. Variable list on page 81.
Operation Readings Alarm Master
Process Set Up Menu Diagnostics

settings Tests
Mode 1 T/R
Mode 2 System
Mode 3 Alarm
Mode 4 I/O Groups
Mode 5
Inputs
Mode 6
ESP
Spark
settings
EPOQ
VI-curve
VI-Curve Set.
Figure 1. Explanation of EPIC III window structure

Page 8
2.1. [Operation]
The [Operation] menu consists of the most important parameters for daily
operation and control of EPIC III.
2.1.1. [Operation]
The left side of this window have parameters which controls the operation
such as, T/R ON or OFF and selection of different control modes. The Lim-
iter parameter informs the operator why EPIC III is unable to increase the
power to the ESP. The Reset function will only be displayed when an alarm
is active. The Active CL shows the present current limit and the Active CR
shows the present charging ratio the EPIC III is using for the moment
The right side of the window shows measured variables.
2.1.2. [Active Settings]

This window displays the parameters of the active mode selected in the
[Operation] window above. All parameters in this window can be changed
during operation. The actual mode will also be updated in [Mode Settings] at
the same time.
Page 9
2.2. [Readings]
The [Readings] menu displays measured values. The values are updated con-
tinually to give you the actual status of your system.
2.2.1. [Prim. readings]

The [Prim. Readings] window displays measured values on the primary side.
2.2.2. [Sec. readings]

The [Sec. readings] window shows all measured information on the second-
ary side.
2.2.3. [Readings sparks]

The [Readings sparks] window shows all measured information about
sparks.
Page 10
2.3. [Alarm Table]

The [Alarm Table] consists of the most common alarms EPIC III can indi-
cate. It contains both W = warning and T = tripping alarm. The warning
alarm informs that something is wrong and the tripping alarm turns the T/R
OFF. When there is an alarm situation an alarm message will be displayed on
the RTU, see section 9. Trouble shooting on page 91 for explanation of each
alarm. The alarm message must either be Acknowledged - which means that
the alarm is noticed by the operator and the alarm message is turned off, but
the alarm is still active - or Reset - which means that the alarm will disappear
if the error has disappeared. See the RTU manual for further information
about the alarm windows.
2.3.1. [Alarm Table 1-5]

In the [Alarm Table] all active alarms are marked with a black box (n) at the
right. When all alarms have been thoroughly checked they must be Reset.
The Reset function is placed under the [Operation] menu in [Operation] win-
dow. Each alarm situation follows by an alarm message containing the most
important information needed. See section 9. Trouble shooting on page 91
for an explanation of alarms.
IoGrp 1
IoGrp 2
IoGrp 3
IoGrp 4
DigAux1
DigAux2
DigAux3
DigAux4
Cont.
Page 11
2.4. [Master]
The [Master] window is for Master function only. A Master EPIC can con-
trol and operate part of or all connected EPIC III units in a network.
2.4.1. [ESP-Master]
This window displays the total number of connected T/Rs and the total
number of different alarm status. All EPIC III can be globally changed for
example, all active alarm situations can be reset, the active mode can be glo-
bally changed, all EPIC III can be switched off, etc.
The Opacity Optimizing command activates or deactivates the Opacity

optimizing algorithm, the OpOpt.
Note!
In each slave EPIC that shall be activated from the master unit the
Opacity controlled in the [Process settings] [Mode #] RTU-window has
to be set to ON.
In addition, this window shows the total power consumption.

The ESP-Master must know the lowest and highest address of connected
EPIC III units. The master will only control those EPICs within the limit.
This limit decides also which units the OpOpt will optimize.
Page 12
2.4.2. [Opacity optim.]

This window contains Opacity optimizing set-up parameters, see heading
7.8. OpOpt - Opacity optimization algorithm on page 52 for detailed infor-
mation.
2.5. [Process settings]

[Process settings] contains six identical blocks of parameters. Each block is
called a “Mode” since it gives EPIC III a certain mode of operation, when it
is active. The modes have different numbers and need to be pre-set with opti-
mal parameter settings for the actual T/R to be able to give correct operation.
All parameters in each mode can be manually changed during normal opera-
tion or in advance to achieve the required operation after a mode change.
2.5.1. [Settings Mode #]

These modes can be set to different operating conditions such as different
Semipulse® charging ratios and with EPOQ optimization on or off.
2.5.2. [Spark settings]

The [Spark settings] window contains settings of the parameters that define
the spark detection, quenching and level following functions. These settings
can be manually changed during operation to optimize the precipitator opera-
tion.
Page 13
Three more parameters concerning sparks are available in each operation

mode block.
2.5.3. [Spark levels]

The normal sensing method is voltage sensing but current sensing can be
used if the kV-signal is not available.
2.6. [Set Up Menu]

The [Set Up Menu] is used mostly during the installation and first start-up of
the EPIC III. All variables and other settings which define basic data of the
T/R and the precipitator are collected here.
Page 14
2.6.1. [T/R]
2.6.1.1. [Set up T/R Limit]

The [Set up T/R Limit] windows contain settings of different alarm and con-
trol limits that are set according to the T/R and ESP limitations
2.6.1.2. [Set up T/R Ratio]

The [Set up T/R Ratio] window informs EPIC III about the conversion ratios
for primary and secondary values of voltage and current.
2.6.2. [Set up system]

In the [Set up system] menu all parameters are collected which are important
for system set up such as, date, time, unit address etc.
2.6.2.1. [Copy settings]

This window restores the default values or copy values from other EPIC III
controllers on the net. This means that all field made settings will be lost.
The restore function is supplied as a method to erase bad data in the parame-
ter memory. After use of this restore function the set up part of the installa-
tion has to be made again.
Page 15
A convenient and time saving function is the node copy function. This func-
tion allows you to transfer all parameter values from a specific EPIC III con-
troller. Select the node address of an installed EPIC III that you will copy
and press “Node”.
Note!
The copy function can only transfer parameters from other EPIC III
controllers, see heading 7.4. Copy settings on page 46.
2.6.3. [Set Up Alarms]

This menu contains settings of the polarity of digital alarm input and output.
Digital inputs number DI04-DI10 can be set individually to activate an alarm
when they go high (24V) or low (0V).
2.6.4. [Set up I/O Groups]

This menu contains all parameters for control of I/O groups, see heading
7.10. I/O groups and auxiliary inputs on page 60.
Page 16
2.6.4.1. [Group configuration]

This window contains configuration of I/O groups, see heading 7.10.2. Con-
trol description on page 60.
2.6.4.2. [Timers 1-3], [Timers 4-6]

These two window contains configuration of timers, see heading 7.10.13.
[Timer1-6] on page 66.
2.6.4.3. [Power control]

This window contains settings for power change control, see heading
7.10.6.1. Power control Rapping (PCR) on page 64.
Page 17
2.7. [Inputs]
This window contains settings for auxiliary digital inputs, see heading
7.10.14. Auxiliary Digital Inputs on page 66.
2.8. [ESP]
The [ESP] window informs EPIC III about the T/R location and the collect-
ing plate area. These are used by EPIC III in calculations and in automatic
procedures.
2.9. [EPOQ]
This menu contains the Electrostatic Precipitator Optimizing Q algorithm.
(EPOQ) settings. It selects automatically the best possible intermittent ener-
gization (Semipulse ®) ratio and current based on on-line measurements of
the ESP. For more information, see heading 7.7.3. EPOQ Set up on page 51.
Page 18
The EPOQ function contains the following three RTU windows:

Page 19
2.10. [VI-curve]
The VI-curve window is used for analysing of Electrostatic Precipitator
operation, see heading 7.9.2. Window structure overview on page 55.
2.10.0.1. [VI Curve]

This window contains the control of the VI-curve function. It also shows
information about the latest collection.
2.10.0.2. [VI-Curve Graph]

This window presents graphs of the latest collection.
90.0
2.10.0.3. [Settings]
This window contains different settings that affect the measurement.
Page 20
2.11. [Diagnostics]
2.11.1. [Communication stats.]

The [Communication stats.] window is used for monitoring of communica-
tion status, see heading 9.5.1. [Communication stats.] on page 97.
Page 21
2.12. [Tests]
The [Tests] menu is for trouble shooting, see heading 9.6. Test windows on
page 98.
The Test functions contains the following RTU windows:
Page 22
2.13. [Save settings]

All changes of parameters must be saved with this function if they should be
remembered even after a power down. The function monitors if any changes
have been made since last saving by showing “Changes” or “No changes”.
See heading 7.5. [Save settings] on page 48.
See section 8. Variable list on page 81 for indication of which parameter that
is saved.
Unit address and unit name is always automatically saved when changed.
Page 23
3. Installation
3. Installation
3.1. General
EPIC III is very simple to install since all electronic components are gath-
ered in one box, even the SCR ignition circuits.
For mechanical mounting, dimensions and instructions see Appendix.
One ignition transformer is delivered with every EPIC III unit. Measurement
transformers for primary current and voltage is available as an option.
3.2. Assembly rules

There are a few simple rules for installation of EPIC III.
1. EPIC III must be installed close to the SCRs.
2. Make sure that EPIC III is properly grounded directly in the mounting
plate with the mounting screws.
3. The pair of twisted cables from the ignition board must not be increased
in length. See Appendix.
4. The measuring cables for secondary current and secondary voltage must
be pair twisted and shielded. The shield must be grounded at both ends.
1 13
12 24
25 41
40 56
POWER
ALARM
SPARK
TOKEN
TRON
SYNC
RTU
25 41 ON K
NETWOR
40 56
3.3. Connection
For reference purposes one example drawing of the connection between
EPIC III and T/R is supplied in the Appendix. This drawing is generally used
as a basic drawing for the design of the actual plant drawings.
For installation and trouble shooting, please refer to the actual plant draw-
ings.
Page 24
3. Installation
For an explanation of all input and output terminals, see section 10. Techni-
cal data on page 103. All wires are connected to jackable terminal connec-
tors.
The terminals can take wires from 0,5 to 2,5 mm2.
Page 25
4. First start up (including initial set up)

This chapter is a step by step instruction of how to make the first start up of
EPIC III.
4.1. General instructions

The EPIC III must have been correctly installed before start up, See section
3. Installation on page 23. In order to understand this chapter you must be
familiar with the RTU, If you do not know how to use an RTU, please read
the RTU manual.
The necessary equipment for start up comprises:
• One hand held RTU, which has been correctly set up.
• Voltage meter
• Oscilloscope
• Network node address list
• Circuit diagram of the installation.
4.2. Initial checks to avoid damage

Before you turn on the mains you must be sure that the EPIC III has been
correctly installed. The following steps ensures that all voltage inputs are
correct in order to prevent damage to EPIC III.
Do as follows:
1. Make sure that the mains power supply is switched off. Disconnect the
six jackable terminal connectors terminal 1-72 where all the wires to the
EPIC III are connected.
2. Switch on the mains power supply.
3. Measure the power supply between terminal 1 and 13.
The Power supply must be 24 V AC or DC ±15%.
4. Measure the Primary line voltage from the measuring transformer
between terminal 10 and 22. The Primary line voltage is normally
5 V AC at nominal line voltage.
5. Switch off the mains power supply.
6. Reconnect all terminal connectors to EPIC III.
Page 26
4.3. Power up self test

1. Turn the NETWORK switch to OFF position and connect the RTU to the
front of EPIC III.
2. Switch on the mains power supply. The POWER LED will light up and
remain lit as long as the EPIC III is in operation.
Both EPIC III and RTU commence operation with a self test.
The self test on EPIC III starts to test all LEDs one by one on the front
panel. The light will run from the ALARM LED the SYNC LED.
3. Check that the TOKEN LED starts to blink when the RTU self test is
ready. If it doesn’t start to blink, check the node addresses (all nodes
must have unique addresses).
4. If an external alarm is displayed such as “Temperature high, T/R
Tripped” just acknowledge the alarm. This will be taken care of under
“Digital alarm test” later in this chapter.
4.4. Set up of configuration parameters

The EPIC III has to be set to correct values to ensure proper operation of the
ESP. All parameters concerning the T/R operation and its location in the ESP
must be set up before first start up. The following pages will guide you
through the different parameters and explain its function. All names between
brackets [ ] are menus displayed on the RTU which contain the parameters.
Note!
A time saving function is the node copy function. This function lets
you copy parameters from an already installed EPIC III. See heading
7.4. Copy settings on page 46.
You need to know the actual passwords for the hand-held RTU. Each unit are
delivered with following password levels: Low= 0001, Medium = 0002 and
High = 0470. You also need the Network node address list compiled by
ALSTOM Power. For detailed information of each parameter, see section 8.
Variable list on page 81.
4.4.1. [Set Up] [System], defining the position in the FläktBus network
After the power up self test the RTU displays the [Node list]. This list con-
tains two nodes, the home RTU and the EPIC III.
To display the [Set Up] [System] window do as follows:
1. Select the EPIC III unit.
2. The [Main menu] is now displayed. Select “Set up”.
3. The [Set Up] menu is now displayed. Select “System”.
4. The [System] window is now displayed.
Page 27
This window displays five parameters and the actual program version:
Only used if this unit is

to serve as master for
other EPIC’son the
network.
Select “Date”. Set actual day, month and year.

5. Select “Time”. Set actual time.
6. Select “Language” on the EPIC III. This setting has to be made on the
RTU first. If the language settings on the RTU and the EPIC III are not
the same, English will automatically be selected on both the RTU and
the EPIC III. Language codes are shown below:
Language Code
(English 0)
Swedish 1
German 2
Danish 3
Spanish 4
Czech 5
Polish 6
Russian 7
Finnish 8
French 9
Japanese 10
Dutch 11
Portuguese 12
Bulgarian 13
Note!
All languages are not implemented. If a not implemented language is
selected, the following error message will appear: The parameter is
temporarily blocked!
7. Select “Name”.
Enter the name of this EPIC from the Network node address list.
8. Select “Address”. Enter the new address from Network node address
list.
Note!
When the address parameter is changed the RTU will give an error
Page 28
message and return to the [Node list] and display the EPIC III with its
new address.
Shortly after pressing OK an error message is displayed.
************ERROR ************
The selected node is no longer
present on the net!
The error message is displayed because there is no longer a node with the old
address. Press OK and the RTU returns to the [Node list]. After a short delay
the EPIC III will display its new name and address in the node list.
4.4.2. [Set Up] [T/R]: defining the T/R and ESP

Further on from this point each parameter will only be indicated by its name
as it appears in the RTU, and a short explanation of its function. However all
parameters have to be set to correct values to ensure proper operation of the
ESP.
4.4.2.1. [Set-up] [T/R] [Limit]

Pr. curr limit rms: Trip
This is the maximum allowed primary current for the T/R. EPIC III will try
to keep the current below this value during all control situations, if this is not
possible the T/R will trip.
Voltage limit ave: Low warning
This warning alarm will give an alarm message if the secondary voltage to
the ESP stays below this limit for more than 30 sec.
Voltage limit ave: Low trip
This trip alarm will trip the T/R and give an alarm message if the secondary
voltage stays below this limit for more than 30 sec.
Voltage limit ave: High trip
This trip alarm will trip the T/R and give an alarm message if the secondary
voltage stays above this limit for more than 1 sec.
Av. Curr. max.
This is normally the rated value for the T/R.
Ign. ang. lim.
This should normally be 100 %. Lower values can, however, be used during
start-up.
Idle cur. lim.
This should normally be 0 mA.
Page 29
4.4.2.2. [Set Up] [T/R] [Ratio]

Line volt. xformer
This is the rated primary voltage of the measurement transformer actually in
use. It normally converts the line nominal voltage to 5V. It is possible to use
transformers that convert a higher voltage, than line voltage (mains input), to
5 V but it will degrade measurement accuracy.
Prim curr. xformer
This is the rated primary current of the actual used measurement transformer.
It normally converts the T/R rated primary current to 1 A. It is possible to use
transformers that convert a higher current, than T/R rated primary current, to
1 A, but it will degrade measurement accuracy.
Sec. volt. ser. res.
This is the T/R rated secondary average voltage at rated ESP load. Enter the
voltage that gives 0.4 mA input to EPIC III.
Sec. curr. shunt
This is the rated secondary average current. Enter the current that gives 1V
input to EPIC III.
Prim Curr adjustm.
An offset trim variable to get 0.0 A during High voltage OFF.
4.4.2.3. [Set Up] [ESP]

Position: Field/cell
This is the T/R position in the ESP indicated by letters and numbers. The
lengthwise position is indicated by a letter A,B......where A is closest to the
dust inlet and the crosswise position is indicated by numbers 1,2,.....where 1
is to the left if you are facing the dust stream of the ESP.
Page 30
3 61 62 63 64 65
2 51 52 53 54 55 Flow
1 41 42 43 44 45 Recommended
node addresses
A B C D E EPIC III 11-99
Master RTU 100-109
Gateway 110-119
ProMo 120-125
3 31 32 33 34 35
2 21 22 23 24 25 Flow
1 11 12 13 14 15
A B C D E
Master
Figure 2. Node addresses and field/cell position (in bold text)
Position: Collector area

This is the collector area the T/R is connected to. The area includes both
plate sides.
4.5. Digital alarm test

At this point during the start up of the EPIC III it is important to test the dig-
ital alarm signals to the EPIC III. If they are wrong they may invalidate the
rest of the start up and may also be unable to indicate alarm situations during
start up.
The digital alarms are connected to Digital Input DI 04 to DI 10, see section
10. Technical data on page 103. The actual installation may use all or some
of these inputs. Check each input one by one by activating the alarm sensor
and observe the alarm message on the RTU. If the default setting of an alarm
input has the wrong active level it is possible to change the active level of the
alarm input in window [SET UP][ALARM].
Note!
If changes of parameters are made remember to save settings.
4.6. Ignition phase test

To make sure that the installation is correct in phase it is absolutely neces-
sary to do a phase check before normal T/R operation. This is done to ensure
that each SCR (thyristor) is ignited in the correct phase, when it has higher
voltage on the anode than on the cathode. Carry out the following test:
Page 31
4.6.1. Light bulb test

1. Turn off power to the cubicle with the mains switch. Follow the local
safety instructions of the plant!
2. Disconnect the power cables between the control cubicle and the T/R
and connect light bulbs in place of T/R. The light bulbs have to with-
stand the full line voltage.
3. Turn on power to the cubicle. Follow the local safety instructions of the
plant!
4. Set temporarily Voltage limit low warning = 0, Voltage limit low trip =
0 and Ignition angle limit = 30 % in [Set Up] [T/R]
5. Set temporarily Arc det. level = 0 in [Process settings] [Spark settings].
6. Turn on the ignition by High voltage ON in [Operation].
7. Check that the power to the light bulbs is controllable by setting Ignition
angle limit to values between 1 and 100%. If so the phase is okay, con-
tinue with point 10.
8. If the light does not change it is probably because the phase reference is
shifted 180 °. This can be corrected by switching the reference voltage
to the EPIC III as follows:
A. Turn off power to the cubicle with the mains switch.
Follow local safety instructions!
B. Swap the wires to EPIC III terminal 10 and 22 (Primary line voltage
transformer input). This is the phase reference to the EPIC III.
C. Repeat from point 3 above.
9. Turn off power to the cubicle with the mains switch. Follow the local
safety instructions of the plant! The temporary settings in EPIC III are
lost.
10. Disconnect the light bulbs and connect power cables to the T/R.
11. Turn on power to the cubicle. Follow the local safety instructions of the
plant!
Page 32
4.7. First start up

It is recommended that during the first start up the readings are checked
using a very low current.
1. Set Mode= START UP in [Operation].
2. Go to [Operation] [Active set] and make the following settings:
Volt peak limit = 30kV
Current limit = a low value compared to T/R ratings
Charge ratio = 1:1
EPOQ = OFF
Rapp Intens. 1
Rapp all OFF
Spark rate limit = 10 spm
Current step= 15%
Short quenching = 2 pls
Quench mod. = SHORT
Opacity controlled = OFF
3. Go to [Set up] [T/R] and set:
Ignition angle limit = 30%
4. Turn High voltage ON in [Operation]
5. Observe the current readings and the Limiter indicator in [Operation].
Current and voltage values should increase until this indicator shows a
limit value.
6. Increase the limiting parameters one by one until normal operation is
obtained.
7. Make external measurements and compare the following analog read-
ings on RTU in [Readings]:
Line volt rms

Primary current rms. (Be sure to use a true RMS meter).
Secondary voltage
Secondary current.
Auxiliary (If used).
4.7.1. Feedback signal quality

The EPIC III performs very sophisticated sampling and calculations based
on the analog signals input to the EPIC III. It is therefore essential that these
signals represent the actual field signal with good accuracy and that the sig-
nals are free from distortion and transients.
Use an oscilloscope, not grounded, battery powered and measure over the
two input terminals for each signal to EPIC III. The signals should look as
follows: (60 Hz line frequency)
Page 33
Primary line voltage Primary current

[Line volt rms] [Pr.curr rms]
0 0
Terminal no: 10, 22 10 ms/ div Terminal no: 9, 21 10 ms/ div
Secondary line voltage Secondary current

[Line volt rms] [Pr.curr rms]
0
Terminal no: 8, 20 10 ms/ div Terminal no: 6, 18 10 ms/ div
8. Turn High voltage = OFF

9. Turn off and on the power to the EPIC III to reset temporary test set-
tings on parameters.
4.8. T/R short circuit test

If the manufacturer of the T/R recommends carrying out a short circuit test of
the T/R it is possible to do this using the following procedure.
1. Set [Set Up] [T/R] [Limit] Voltage limit ave: Low warning and Low
trip = 0 kV to avoid alarms. Do not save the settings.
2. Set [Process settings] [Spark settings] Arc detection level = 0 kV to
avoid false arc detection. Do not save the settings.
Page 34
3. Perform short circuit test according to T/R manufacturers specification.

4. Restore the Voltage limit ave: Low warning and Low trip and Arc detec-
tion level to the previous levels by disconnecting the voltage to the
EPIC III.
4.9. I/O groups etc.

It is recommended to control rappers from the EPIC III via the I/O:s in order
to utilize the power change rapping function in EPIC III. For more informa-
tion, see heading 7.10. I/O groups and auxiliary inputs on page 60.
Note!
If changes of parameters are made remember to save settings.
Page 35
5. Tuning of ESP operation

5.1. Spark settings
See heading 7.2. Spark detection and control on page 40
5.2. Process parameters

EPIC III has six sets of parameters in [Process Settings] each one for use
during different operating conditions. The default data of these modes at
delivery provides an approximate value only. For proper operation of the
actual process must these parameters be tuned at site.
All modes have an identical set of parameters. It is the selected value of the
parameters that determine if the mode is useful for a certain process opera-
tion. It is however not necessary to set parameters for more modes than
needed.
5.3. [Process settings]
Each of the six mode blocks above have one set of the following parameters.
5.3.1. Volt. peak lim.

This parameter should be set to the maximum peak voltage that the precipita-
tor is allowed to operate at during this mode. This is useful for example, to
limit peak voltage below sparking level during start up of ESP.
5.3.2. Current limit

This parameter limits the pulse current. For charge ratio = 1:1 the same as
the average value on the mA meter. For more information, see heading 7.1.1.
Current measurements on page 39.
5.3.3. Charging ratio

This parameter controls the Semipulse® energization. For example, if the set
value is 1:3 it means that one half period will be fired, but the following two
are not. 1:1 means that each half period will be fired.
Page 36
5.3.4. EPOQ
This is an algorithm for optimizing the ESP. See section 7. Function descrip-
tions on page 39.
5.3.5. Rapp. Intens

This parameter makes it possible to prolong the repetition time for the
rappers. The rapping intensity parameter can be set from 1 to 10 and multi-
plies the repetition time with its assigned value.
5.3.6. Rapp all

This parameter starts all the rappers in EPIC III.
5.3.7. Spark rate lim

This parameter limits the number of sparks per minute.
5.3.8. Current step

This parameter reduces the secondary current after a sparkover. The reduc-
tion is in percent of the secondary current at the time of the spark.
5.3.9. Short quenching

This parameter determines the blocking time in half periods.
5.3.10. Quench mod.

This parameter has three modes: SELF= No quenching after a spark
SHORT= Short quenching time after a spark. SELF + SHORT= Short
quenching only if a spark occurs on two consecutive half periods.
5.3.11. Opacity controlled

The Opacity control for this unit can be activated or deactivated. This
assumes that the Opacity optim. in window [Master] [Opacity] is set to ON
and that this unit is within the ESP address limits for master control.
Remember to save all settings. See heading 7.5. [Save settings] on page 48.
Page 37
6. Daily operation
6. Daily operation
The daily operation assumes that setup has being performed correctly and
also that correct mode settings have being set during tuning of the ESP.
See section 2. The EPIC menu system on page 7 for an overview of all win-
dows in EPIC III displayed by an RTU.
Daily operation is mainly performed from the [ESP-Master] window, con-
trolling all T/Rs at the same time using convenient group commands. If for
some reason one T/R need to be controlled as a single unit this can be per-
formed from the [Operation] window in the actual unit.
6.1. ESP-Master operation

1. From the [Node List], that always can be reached by repeatedly pressing
the key, select the EPIC III unit that is appointed master for the
other nodes. This is shown by the indication MU to the right of the unit
name in the [Node list]. If no master is appointed, the MU sign will not
show.
2. Select [Master] window in the master unit.
3. Check that the Total corresponds to the actual No. of T/Rs for this ESP.
This shows that the master unit has contact with all other EPIC/SIR con-
trollers.
4. Select required mode of operation, this will change all T/Rs to selected
mode.
5. Start all T/Rs with ESP mode = ON command. The T/Rs will start one
by one and begin operation during control of the parameters in selected
mode. Remember that different T/Rs can have different parameters set
for a certain mode.
6. If the process calls for a change of mode. For example, from Mode 1 to
Mode 2 this is easily done by the Mode change command.
7. The [ESP-Master] window shows how many units are running in the
actual mode on the right.
8. Stop of all T/R's is effected by ESP mode = OFF command. The T/Rs
will stop one by one.
6.2. Operation of single T/Rs

If more information about a single T/R is needed or there is a need to control
a T/R separately, this can be done by selecting the actual unit from the [Node
list] and then selecting the appropriate window for the task.
The most common windows for daily operation are,
Page 38
6. Daily operation
6.2.1. [Operation]
In this window alarms can be reset. The T/R can be individually turned ON
and OFF. The active mode can be individually selected. The reason for any
limitation of current is displayed. The most important measurements are dis-
played.
6.2.2. [Operation] [Oper. active set.]

In this window is it possible to change parameters for the mode that is in
operation.
6.2.3. [Readings] and [Readings spark]

In this window more detailed readings are available.
6.2.4. [Alarm Table 1-5]

This windows are used to find out which alarms are active - if this has been
forgotten since the alarm message was displayed.
Page 39
7. Function descriptions
7.1. General measurements and control
The measurements are synchronized to the line frequency and all presented
values are averaged over approximately one second. This means that for
instance 100 peak values are averaged in the kVp value at 50Hz and Charg-
ing ratio (CR)=1:1, but only 2 values at CR 1:51. For CR values lower than
1:101 the update and average frequency will be equal to the firing frequency
for those values that depend on CR.
7.1.1. Current measurements

Measurement of secondary current includes Peak, Pulse and Average. These
values are measured as follows:
CR = 1:1 Peak
Pulse
Average
Peak
Pulse CR = 1:3
Average
Theoretical pulse value is equal the CR rate multi-

plied with the measured average value
7.1.2. Voltage measurement

Measurement of secondary voltage includes Average, Peak, and Valley val-
ues. These values are measured as follows:
Page 40
Peak Average Valley
“No” load
Normal load
7.1.3. ON-OFF control

The T/R can easily be switched on and off over the FläktBus using an RTU
or a ProMo.
If power is lost for longer than 200 ms the EPIC IIIs restart routine will
switch High voltage = OFF. This routine prevents unwanted restarts when
power is restored after dropouts > 200 ms. By using an RTU, the High volt-
age can be switched ON again.
7.1.4. Current limitation

One of the set up parameters in [Set Up] [T/R] [Set up T/R Limit] is called
Pr. curr. limit rms (Primary Line Current Limit rms [Arms]). It is set to the
T/R rated primary current, using an RTU, during first start up of the T/R. If
primary current tends to rise above this value the EPIC III will first try to
keep it below the limit by reducing the SCR firing angle. If the primary cur-
rent still stays above the limit for more than 5 seconds the EPIC III will trip
the T/R and display an alarm message.
The delay-time is fixed because all short over-current situations will be han-
dled by the control of ignition angle. When this limit control fails (when the
EPIC III loses control of the SCRs) the EPIC III will trip the contactor.
7.2. Spark detection and control

Sparks are handled by the EPIC III by three different software functions:
• Spark detecting
• Spark quenching
• Spark level following function:
7.2.1. Spark and arch detecting function

A. Sparks are normally detected from the kV measurement samples (Volt-
age Method), they are continuously analyzed for slopes that indicates
sparkover. If found, a signal is given to the quenching function to actu-
Page 41
ate proper action.

The Spark sensitivity detector determines how steep the current has to
rise in order to detected as a spark situation. The variable is adjustable
and is defined in kV/ms. It is located under [Process settings] [Spark
settings] [Spark levels] window.
B. Arcs are detected by analyzing the kVv values. Arching is defined as
kVv < Arc detection level continuously for 10 fired periods. (During
Semipulse, one period means one total semipulse cycle.) If arc is
detected, a signal is given to the quenching function to actuate proper
action.
T/R units which only have secondary current measurement feedback can be
controlled by using the Current method instead of the Voltage method. By
doing so only sparks can be detected (no Arcs).
7.2.2. Spark quenching function

Four methods of quenching are used.
7.2.2.1. Quench mode = SELF

This method is useful when the spark does not need any explicit quenching
period except the normal time to next firing. Nothing is done by the quench-
ing function. The T/R decreases the current according to settings in
Step act. curr.
Be careful while using this mode since it may cause severe arcing conditions.
The arcs can be studied by the arc counter.
7.2.2.2. Quench mode = SHORT

This method is useful when the spark always needs a short blocking time.
This quenching time is selectable in half periods from 2 to 9.
During semipulse® operation, the next fired pulse will start immediately
after the quenching period. The spark level follower decreases the current
according to settings in Step act. curr.
7.2.2.3. Quench mode = SELF + SHORT (recommended for general use)

This method is useful when the spark does not normally need any explicit
quenching period, except for the normal time to next firing, but if two sparks
occur on consecutive half periods then short quenching is needed and actu-
ated. The T/R decreases the current according to settings in Step act. curr.
While used, this function should not cause more than 1/10 of double sparks
compared to sparks, else use quench mode = Short.
7.2.2.4. Arc quenching=1-99

This function takes place when arcs are detected. The quench time is adjusta-
ble in half periods from 1 to 99. The Arc quenching function is always active.
Page 42
7.2.3. Spark level following

The spark level follower is a function that has factory set parameters. Its pur-
pose is to maintain maximum voltage in the ESP. These factory settings can
very often be used without any change at all, but they can be adjusted to suit
the process.
The figure below shows that the spark level follower in the EPIC III raises
the current to the ESP. Consequently the voltage in the ESP will rise and at a
certain level there will be a spark in the ESP. Spark quenching (Short
quenching) then brings the current down to 0 for a short time. The spark
level following function will then re-apply the current again. The current
will, however, not be restored to the same level immediately, but to one step
lower (called current step).
Current
mA Spark detection
Current step
Spark level
Spark quenching
(Short quenching)
1 2
t (s)
From this level the current is set to rise and follow three slopes (slope A, B
and C), see figure below. The slope parameters Slope Rise A, Slope Time A
and Slope Rise C can be changed. Slope Time A determines the time for
slope A as a percentage of the average time between sparks. Slope Rise A
determines the increase in current during slope A as a percentage of the cur-
rent step.
The parameters for slope B cannot directly be changed by the user. The time
and rise parameters are calculated as follows: after a spark the EPIC III seeks
to establish the same current level as before the spark and in a time equal to
the average time between sparks (Slope Time A + Slope Time B). Most
likely a new spark will occur here (marked with a second spark symbol). If
no spark occurs, slope B continues for a period equal to the period before the
assumed spark. If still no spark occurs, slope B will be succeed by Slope C.
Slope C (Slope Rise C can be set) will raise the current until a spark occurs
or the voltage or current limit for the EPIC III is reached.
Page 43
Limited
Slope rise A Slope rise C
Current
mA Slope rise B
Step
t (s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Slope time A Slope Slope

time B time B
Sparks are normally detected from the kV measurement which is continu-

ously analysed for negative slopes, indicating sparks. If found, the output is
quenched for a set time (Spark Quenching - 2-9 half-periods). Spark sensitiv-
ity determines how steep the slope must be in order to be detected as a spark.
The spark sensitivity detector is adjustable and is defined in kV/ms.
Arcs are detected by analysing the kV measurement. Arcing is defined when
the ESP voltage is continuously lower than the Arc Detection Level for more
than 10 half-periods. If an arc is detected, the output is quenched for a set
time (Arc Quenching 1-99 half-periods in steps of one half-period).
7.2.4. Spark detection sensitivity tuning

Spark sensitivity can only be adjusted if the precipitator produces sparks. If
the operation conditions are so that maximum T/R output voltage does not
reach the break over voltage, and no sparks are produced, it is possible to
temporarily decrease the distance between emitting and collecting electrode
by insertion of some metal object. Be sure then to follow ESP safety regula-
tions.
The EPIC III can use the secondary voltage or the secondary current for
detecting of sparks. The voltage sensing is selected as default. This is the saf-
est sensing method and shall be used if the T/R provides a kV measuring sig-
nal.
Normally the ESP will function using the “delivery” default setting of spark
sensitivity. If any adjustment is needed, find correct setting as follows:
1. Select Quench mode= SHORT.
2. Set Ignition angle limit = 100%
Volt peak limit = MAX
Current limit = MAX
Charging ratio = 1:11
3. Start T/R and observe that the Limiter = SPARK.
Page 44
4. Make the spark detector more and more sensitive by setting lower and
lower values on Spark sensitivity* (kV/ms) until normal voltage shapes
are falsely detected as sparks. This is the situation when the spark level
in kV or mA is decreasing and dependent on the setting of Spark sensi-
tivity.
5. Write down the value of Spark sensitivity* (false det.) where false detec-
tion starts.
6. Set Charging ratio = 1:1
7. Make the spark detector less and less sensitive by setting higher and
higher values on Spark sensitivity* (kV/ms) until the sparks in the ESP
are not detected. This is the situation when the primary and secondary
current makes abrupt increasing jumps for short periods. Easiest to see
on analog panel meters.
8. Write down the value on Spark sensitivity* (kV/ms) (no det.) where no
detection starts.
9. Set Spark sensitivity to the average between Spark sensitivity* (false
det.) and Spark sensitivity (no det.) achieved above.
10. Restore the previous settings except Spark sensitivity* and then remem-
ber to save the changes in window [Save settings].
* or Level (0-32) if current sensing method is used.
7.2.5. Spark quenching tuning

Which quench mode is best for a certain application has to be found with
process tests, but can be generally ascertained by:
Quench mode = SHORT is the safest mode to use because it always actuate a
blocking period. On the other hand it also gives a loss of current input to the
ESP during the blocking.
Quench mode = SELF+SHORT is useful if the majority of the sparks are of
the self quenching type. This mode then produce a smoother operation and
higher current input. Try with this mode first and observe the spark counters.
If a majority of double sparks is detected or if arcs are detected,
Quench mode = SHORT should be selected.
Quench mode = SELF is the mode that may force the highest average cur-
rent into the ESP, but it is not generally recommended. Because there is no
quenching action like blocking inserted it can easily cause arcing in most
processes. However, it is easy to test by observing the arc counter during a
test period.
7.2.6. Tuning of other spark parameters

The tuning of other spark parameters as Spark rate limit, Step actual current
and Slope is totally process related. Please ask ALSTOM Power for the lat-
est data available for these settings on the actual process.
Page 45
7.3. Password function

The password function is a shell function within the FläktBus system. All
units (nodes), connected to the FläktBus, that can accept data input from
operators or from external communication lines via gateways, are protected
against unauthorised manipulation of data by a three level password func-
tion. (The Password check routines are placed in ProMo and RTU).
7.3.1. Password location

The password function resides in the interface nodes themselves. All other
executing nodes on the FläktBus network only indicate to the interface nodes
the actual password level for the requested parameter. The interface unit
requires the correct password from the operator before alteration of data is
possible.
7.3.2. Default password settings

The passwords levels are preset at delivery. Low=1, Medium=2 and
High=0470.
7.3.3. Interference avoidance

To avoid different password levels being used in the interface nodes con-
nected to the same FläktBus network, a new unit connected to the network
will adopt the password levels from the nodes already connected to the net-
work.
7.3.4. Setting of password

Using one of the interface nodes, a password can be changed for all con-
nected interface nodes. However, this is only possible if the highest pass-
word level is known by the operator. Setting a password to “0000” turns off
the password protection for the actual password level. (The highest password
level is however not possible to turn off.)
7.3.5. The last chance

If the highest level of password has been forgotten it is still possible to enter
the system using the following procedure:
1. Disconnect all interface nodes from power supply and/or from the net-
work.
2. Connect one RTU to the network and power and simultaneously depress
the keys until all internal start-up tests are completed.
3. Set the new password by using the [Password] function in RTU-menu.
4. Disconnect the RTU from the power supply and connect it again to
restart the communication.
5. Wait one minute and connect all other interface nodes to power supply
and the network.
Page 46
7.3.6. Parameter alteration

The RTU requires a password entry when you wish to alter a parameter.
When you have given the correct password it will remain as long as you use
the RTU but if you do not use the RTU for 4 minutes you must give the pass-
word once again. This means that you do not have to give the password
every time you make an alteration.
7.4. Copy settings

This window restores the default values or copy values from other EPIC III
controllers on the net. This means that all field made settings will be lost.
The [Copy settings] RTU window is reached by [Set up] [System] [↓].
7.4.1. Restore to default settings

The Restore to default function is supplied as a method to erase bad data in
the parameter memory. After use of this restore function the set up part of the
installation has to be made again. This function is only active when you have
changed the default settings with the “Save settings” parameter.
Note!
Write down all settings before execution of the “Default” parameter.
Do as follows:
1. Highlight “DEFAULT” and press OK.
2. Enter your Password and press OK.
3. Press OK to confirm the selection. Press “Page up” to cancel the opera-
tion.
7.4.2. Copy settings from a selected node

A convenient and time saving function is the node copy function. This func-
tion allows you to transfer all parameter values that are saved to the non-vol-
atile memory from a specific EPIC III controller.
Do as follows:
1. Highlight the area to the right of “NODE” and press OK.
2. Enter your password and press OK.
Page 47
3. Enter an address of an installed EPIC III that you will copy.

4. Highlight “NODE” and press OK.
5. Press OK to confirm the selection. Press “Page up” to cancel the opera-
tion.
Note!
The copy function may only transfer parameters from other EPIC III
controllers.
7.4.3. Restore/Copy messages

Following messages comes from EPIC III when using the Restore/Copy
function.
“Error. Check all params! Operation cancelled”
Cause: The source or destination node has been disconnected dur-
ing the copy function.
Solution: Check the nodes. Check all parameters or execute the copy
function again.
“Incompatible revision! Operation cancelled”

Cause: The database version differs between the nodes. The copy
function cannot transfer parameter values.
Solution: Enter the values by hand or upgrade the old EPIC III.
No unit on specified address! Operation cancelled!

Cause: There is no EPIC III on specified address in the network.
Solution: Locate the node address and execute the copy function
again.
“Please wait... Transferring parameters”
“Ready. All parameters transferred”
“Ready. All parameters restored to factory settings”
“Ready. Version difference. Check all parameters”

Cause: The database version differs between the nodes. The copy
function could not transfer all parameter values.
Solution: Check all parameters and change bad or incorrect parame-
ter values manually.
“Ready. XXX parameters transfer error”

Cause: The specified number of parameters has bad or incorrect
data.
Solution: Check the parameters and change them manually.
Page 48
7.5. [Save settings]

When parameters have been entered it is very important to save these set-
tings to the non-volatile memory so they will remain even after a power loss.
In the [Main menu] it is a selection called [Save settings]. After the text is a
small box. It is filled (black) if there has been changes that is not saved.
Select “Save Settings” and in the following window press “OK”. The
changes are now saved.
This save procedure has to be repeated each time there has been changes
made that is needed to save for longer time. See section Variable list on page
79 to see which parameters can be saved.
7.6. ESP Master function

The daily operation is mainly performed from a Master EPIC in the menu
[ESP-Master]. All connected T/R units are controlled with convenient group
commands.
Any EPIC III can be assigned to be Master, but only one unit must act as
Master for one group of EPIC III units. The group the Master controls are
decided by the parameter ESP address limits: in window
[Master] [↓]. The units within a group can be controlled by group commands
e.g. ESP OFF, ESP ON, change operating mode etc.
The Master controls the Opacity optimizing if Opacity optim. (MU) is set to
ON. Each EPIC III with parameter Opacity controlled set to “ON” are opti-
mized.
The Master controls also the EPOQ. Each EPIC III with parameter EPOQ
set to “ON” are optimized.
Page 49
7.7. EPOQ - Electrostatic Precipitator Optimizing Q

algorithm
7.7.1. Function description
7.7.1.1. EPOQ minimizes the ESP emission

It is a well known fact, that the conditions in an ESP vary from bus section to
bus section. Every ESP bus section must therefore be individually optimized.
The conditions in an ESP also vary greatly from process to process, and also
with the fluctuations in the process itself (e.g. dust concentration, dust resis-
tivity, gas velocity, gas temperature, gas composition, etc.).
All process variations alter the electrical characteristics of the ESP bus sec-
tion. The electrical characteristics (and their variations) are continuously
adaptively surveilled by each EPIC III.
The EPOQ software analyzes the electrical characteristics, and EPOQ’s
inherent expertise is then able to selects the optimal current and charging
ratio that will minimize the emission from the bus section in question.
Note!
Note, that the emission optimization uses “only” electrical data -
mainly wave form analysis of primary and secondary T/R signals from
EPIC III. Readings of emissions from opacity meters are not utilized at
all during EPOQ’s emission minimizing.
EPOQ maximizes the precipitation in each bus section, and thereby actually
maximizes the collection efficiency of the overall ESP.
7.7.1.2. EPOQ start and adaption to ESP process

After initial set-up and starting the EPOQ function, EPOQ is self adaptive.
The individual bus section’s basic information that EPOQ needs for correct
continuous optimizing, is determined during an automatic reference meas-
urement sequence. The reference is automatically obtained on a regular time
basis.
At ESP start-up, EPOQ will start with a reference measurement sequence,
and will then - step by step - tune the ESP to minimal emission.
7.7.1.3. EPOQ minimizes emission continuously

During normal ESP operation, EPOQ that resides in every single EPIC III
unit continuously analyzes the sampled electrical values. The fast and accu-
rate sampling of voltage and current, both on the primary and secondary side
of each T/R, produces a detailed ESP performance analysis - independent of
opacity meters.
EPOQs analysis results in a “relative operation efficiency” for the bus sec-
tion in question. EPOQ then adjusts secondary current and charging ratio
with the aim to feed as much effective charge (Q) into the bus section as pos-
sible. EPOQ considers - by the way it is designed - all individual field differ-
Page 50
ences, and is thus able to optimize the whole ESP operation very rapidly and
very flexibly. EPOQ will continuously adjust every ESP bus section to oper-
ate at optimum current and charging ratio - bringing the ESP to continuously
operation at peak performance capability - minimal emission.
7.7.1.4. EPOQ still optimizes ESP operation even at T/R or field drop out
Sometimes a short circuit occurs in a bus section, or a T/R trips due to some
fault. This will increase the dust load on the following bus sections, and will
also increase the emission from the overall ESP. EPOQ will - unaffected by
the trip - continue to keep all the other bus sections at optimum operation
efficiency, and is in this way capable of minimizing emissions - irrespective
of the cause of the alteration in electrical characteristics.
7.7.1.5. EPOQ minimizes emission - may save majority of T/R energy

EPOQ will always adjust operation to optimum current and charging ratio -
which produces minimized emissions. In ESP processes where EPOQ
decides that Semipulse operation is the most emission effective way of ener-
gizing the ESP, EPOQ will also save a very high percentage of the T/R
power consumption. Semipulse operation always reduces power consump-
tion by a minimum of 50%, but figures between 80% and 95% of power sav-
ing are quite common - at minimized emission!
7.7.1.6. EPOQ combined with OpOpt (Opacity optimizing software)

At low process load, minimized emission may sometimes lead to unneces-
sary high power consumption. A typical example is an ESP that operates
with low resistive dust, and at (for the moment) a low process load (a low
dust load or low gas flow or both). EPOQ will strive to maintain ESP at opti-
mum, which in this case means full power.
The ESP will however not be able to perform significantly better with the
max current, than with a current which is sometimes only 10% of max.
Above a certain “knee current” a further emission reduction is barely notice-
able with increased current - above a certain current level the ESP field
becomes “saturated”.
The optional software for EPIC III, is the OpOpt (Opacity Optimizing) soft-
ware which is designed to handle such situations.
Even with OpOpt operating and reducing the available current in order to
reduce the T/R power consumption, EPOQ will still be in full emission opti-
mizing mode, however now limited by a reduced available current range.
7.7.2. Window structure

In the EPIC III window structure, all EPOQ parameters are reached in the
[Set Up] [EPOQ] window.
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7.7.2.1. [Set Up EPOQ]

The [Set Up EPOQ] window contains the parameters for EPOQ set-up. The
parameters should normally not be changed. See section Variable list on
page 79 for explanation of each variable.
7.7.3. EPOQ Set up

There are no set up parameters for EPOQ. The reference measurement that
EPOQ makes after start gives the needed data about the ESP condition.
Note!
Be sure to have the Field/Cell and the collector area, in the [Set
Up] [ESP] window, correctly set since EPOQ uses this parameter to
make its operations not to coincide with EPOQ in other EPIC III.
7.7.4. Starting EPOQ

The EPOQ is started in the [Operation] [Oper. active set.] window by setting
the EPOQ to ON.
When EPOQ is turned ON, optimization is started immediately but full
effect is not reached until a reference measurement is made. Consequently
there will be a varying delay from the time when EPOQ is turned on to full
optimization, depending on the T/R position in the ESP and the time of day
when EPOQ turned on.
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7.8. OpOpt - Opacity optimization algorithm
7.8.1. Function description

A Master EPIC with an opacity signal connected to its auxiliary input termi-
nal has the ability to control the current limit of selected slave EPIC’s. The
algorithm’s target is to find an optimal current which reflects a given opacity
set value.
The algorithm calculates the new optimal current limit using an average
value of the opacity. The interval for the average is alterable between 1-30
minutes. The average value is compared to a set value once per minute. A 0-
100 % part (alterable gain value) of the error is then used to calculate the new
current limit.
The optimal current is sent as a limit to all slaves simultaneously and will
depend on the difference between an average and a set value of the opacity.
If process change makes one

Opacity % minute opacity
mean value > HIGH LIMIT
High limit 10
Set value 5
Time
Current limit %
Start 100
80
60
40
20
Time
Figure 3. Sample of average opacity signal and the reflected current limit. We
assume that the current limit starts at 100%
7.8.2. Window structure

The following windows are used for the opacity optimization algorithm dis-
played by using an RTU. For detailed information about each parameter, see
section 8. Variable list on page 81.
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7.8.2.1. [ESP-Master]
The first [ESP-Master] window contains parameters for control of the Master
function of EPIC III. It also contains start and stop of the Opacity optimiza-
tion algorithm.
7.8.2.2. [Opacity optim]

This window contains all parameters for control of the Opacity optimizing
algorithm.
7.8.3. OpOpt Set up
7.8.3.1. Connection of the opacity monitor signals

The 4-20 mA signal from the opacity monitor is connected to the auxiliary
analog input terminal AI 05 (terminal number 11, 23). The 4-20 mA signal
will be converted to a 0-100 % value. Two additional opacity monitors con-
nected to other slaves can be viewed by choosing a position for each one of
them. The opacity is shown as a 10 s average signal.
If the opacity meter performs an automatic calibration procedure, the OpOpt
algorithm must be informed by a 24 V signal applied to one of the digital
inputs DI1, 2, 14 or 16 configurated in [Set up] [Inputs] RTU-window. Dur-
ing the time of the calibration the OpOpt will freeze it's calculations and
thereby avoid wrong corrections based on calibration spikes.
7.8.3.2. Using the opacity optimization in the slaves

In order to let the slaves and the master react upon the current limit sent from
the Master, an appropriate mode must be selected in each slave. The selected
mode must have the option Opacity controlled set to ON in the [Opera-
tion][↓] window.
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7.8.4. Starting OpOpt
7.8.4.1. Preparation in slave EPICs

In each slave EPIC that shall be activated from the master unit the Opacity
controlled in the [Process settings] [Mode #] RTU-window has to be set to
ON.
7.8.4.2. Starting the algorithm in the Master EPIC

The algorithm is started in the master EPIC by setting the Opacity optim. in
the [MASTER] RTU-window to ON.
After being started the algorithm function begin with a 100 % current limit to
all slaves (which practically means: no limit).
When the limit is received, the slave will calculate a current limit according
to the rated secondary current. If this limit is lower than any other current
limit, it will be used and the text “OPACITY_OPT” will be shown at the
Limiter-position in the [Operation] RTU-window.
If no current limit has been received within 2,5 minutes the slave in question
will assume that a 100 % limit is to be used.
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7.9. VI-curve function
7.9.1. Introduction
When tuning an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) it is important to know its
operating condition. It depends on many different factors such as the
mechanical design, the electrical design and the actual process in use.
The VI-curve function is a new feature in EPIC III. It is a tool to analyze the
operating condition and the process of an electrostatic precipitator. It enables
fast and accurate data collection of the secondary voltage as a function of dif-
ferent calculated current density values. The result of the collection is pre-
sented both in graphs and as numerical values.
The VI-curve function in EPIC III interacts closely with the VI-curve soft-
ware in ProMo II which is a customized tool for the analysis of collected VI-
curves. It is also possible to transfer the values manually to a spreadsheet
program, for analysis and print out of the graphs.
7.9.2. Window structure overview

In the EPIC III window structure, all parameters for control of the VI-curve
function are gathered under the [Set Up] [VI-curve] menu. For a detailed
explanation of each parameter, see section 8. Variable list on page 81.
7.9.2.1. [VI Curve]

This window contains the control of the VI-curve function. It also shows
information about the latest collection.
7.9.2.2. [VI-Curve Graph]

This window presents graphs of the latest collection.
90.0
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7.9.2.3. [Settings]
This window contains different settings that affect the measurement.
7.9.3. Using the VI-curve function
7.9.3.1. General
There are some actions that must be followed to obtain the best VI-curve
results.
• Make sure that rappers and/or optimizing algorithms are not running
while the VI-curve function is active. If possible turn EPOQ and OpOpt
to OFF in [Active] [Settings] during the acquisition of the VI-curve.
• Perform two VI-curve collections. One in air load before start-up and
thereafter during the most representative operating condition, normally
full load. These curves will provide considerable amount of information
concerning the ESP’s mechanical, electrical and process operating con-
ditions.
• Always start to collect the VI-curve values in the rear field and work
your way up to the first field. This ensures that you have a representa-
tive dust layer on the collecting plates during the measurement.
• When a new VI-curve is collected the previous collection is lost in EPIC
III. For comparison between different collections, the numeric values
can be copied (manually) to a spreadsheet program or ProMo II can be
used. Each VI-collection is saved for comparison.
7.9.3.2. VI-curve function set-up

There are some parameters that must be set before starting the function. In
window [Set Up] [VI-curve] [Settings] four parameters are located. The first
parameter is Sample Interval, this parameter affects the time before each
measurement. The time length is process related. A high resistive process
needs a longer time than a plant with a low resistive process. The Charging
ratio parameter is the active CR during the operation of the VI-curve func-
tion. The actual charging ratio is restored as soon as the VI-collection is com-
pleted. Min. current density is the lowest point of the current measurement.
Step at spark, the current is reduced the specified percentage value when it is
limited by a sparkover.
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7.9.3.3. Starting the VI-curve function

Start the VI-curve function when the operation of the ESP is stable. The
starting parameter is located in window [Set Up] [VI-Curve]. The latest VI-
collection will be erased when a new collection is started. Do as follows:
1. Select “Start VI-collection” and press OK (requires the high priority
password).
2. The parameter on the right hand side will display READY when the V-I
collection is completed.
The VI-curve function can be stopped at any time during its operation by
pressing “Cancel VI-collection” (requires only the low password priority).
7.9.3.4. Presentation of the VI-collection result

The VI-curve function is successfully completed when it displays “Ready”.
The collected values are presented as graphs in window
[Set Up] [VI-curve] [↓]. The numerical values are presented in the
[Set Up] [VI-curve] [↓ ↓] and [Set Up] [VI-curve] [↓ ↓ ↓ ]. The Limit parame-
ter informs the type of limiter that was active when the VI-curve function
was determining the maximum current for the VI-curve. If “Stopped by” is
displayed the VI-curve function has been disturbed or manually stopped.
90.0
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7.9.4. Functional description
7.9.4.1. General
The VI-curve function is a tool for analyzing the operating conditions of an
electrostatic precipitator. It presents the secondary voltage as a function of
the current density. The current density scale is adjusted for root linearity
facilitate the reading.
7.9.4.2. Overview
The VI-curve function measures the average, peak and valley voltage at
seven different pulse currents. The measurement is performed twice (except
at the lowest value).
Current Point of Measuring

1
13
2 12
Sample
3 interval
11
4
10
5 9
6
8
7
Time
Figure 4. VI-curve function
When activated, the function determines its maximum current by increasing

the pulse current to a point below the sparkover level or the rated current on
the T/R. The VI-curve function calculates seven different pulse current val-
ues. Each value is divided equidistant to its root value on a scale from the
highest to the lowest current (the lowest current density is preset in the [VI-
Curve] [Settings] window).
At each current value the VI-curve function measures the average, peak and
valley voltage. Totally 3*13 values will be measured. See Figure 4 above.
Each voltage type with the same current density is then averaged and saved.
The result is seven different current density values with peak, average and
valley voltage values.
The collection of values is presented in the RTU window as a VI-curve graph
with the voltage as a function of the current density or in a table where all the
measured values can are presented. The VI-curve function must be activated
manually by an operator with the highest priority password as this may affect
the outlet dust emission temporarily. The function can however be stopped
by a user with low priority password. The operation of the ESP will return to
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the previous operating level when the VI-curve function is ready or has been
cancelled.
It can also be executed from ProMo.
7.9.5. Initial checks performed by the VI-curve function

When the VI-curve function is executed by the operator it starts by checking
that no other function is active e.g. rapping and EPOQ that can block and dis-
turb the collection. The function awaits these blocking factors before starting
and if it has not been executed after 5 minutes, it will stop all attempts and
display an alarm message.
7.9.6. Checks performed during operation of the VI-curve function

The function constantly monitors all factors that can affect the result of the
collection and give unreliable information concerning the ESP. When this
occurs it will immediately stop the collection of data and display the cause of
termination. Typical causes are rapping, manual stop by operator or, if the
current limit could not be reached, stoppage due to e.g. sparks.
7.9.7. Current measurement

The highest current is determined by increasing the VI-collection current
limit to maximum. Another function will then limit the current and determine
the highest current limit. The VI-collection current limit is then set to a per-
centage step below this current. This step is the same as “Step at spark” if the
current is limited by sparkover otherwise the step is one percent of the high-
est current limit. The current level is now controlled from the VI-curve func-
tion
Each measuring point is set by two steps. The first step is a hysteresis that
has a characteristic curve. The second step is then adjusted up or down to the
calculated pulse current. See Figure 4. The function will wait for the speci-
fied time to elapse (specified in Sample interval) before the collection of the
secondary voltage is made.
Page 60
7.10. I/O groups and auxiliary inputs
7.10.1. Introduction
The “I/O Groups” function is a versatile firmware for control of external
devices such as rappers, heaters, ash handling etc. The “I/O Groups” com-
prises four I/O groups with different control categories. An I/O group is a
specific Digital Input that from an operational point of view is grouped
together with a specific Digital Output.
The “I/O Groups” can be set up to control the following:
• Up to four rappers of the tumbling hammer type
• Ash transport
• Heaters
• Digital outputs for external control with or without confirmation of the
feedback (CON.DO = Confirmed Digital output and
UNCON.DO = Unconfirmed Digital output).
• External control of ESP On on an ESP-Master unit (ESP-ctrl).
• External control of individual T/R (T/R-ctrl).
In addition there are four additional digital inputs called Digital Inputs Aux-
iliary (DigAux1-4). Each of these inputs have eight different predefined con-
trol categories.
7.10.2. Control description

The “I/O Groups” function is based on four I/O groups. Each I/O group can
be set to seven different control categories. The main window below is
located under [Set Up] [I/O Groups].
Name: Type: Mode:

7 characters RAPPER ON
HEATER OFF
TRANSPORT AUTO
CONF. DO CONT
UNCONF. DO ----
ESP-CTRL
T/R-CTRL
NOT CONN.
This window contains parameters to define the type of connected devices,

their names and the mode of operation. The function of this window is
depending of which “Type:” of device you chose and “Mode” of operation.
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Name
This column contains the name of connected devices. The name of the device
will then be used in all actual windows, even in the alarm messages. Enter
the name (max 7 characters).
Type
There are eight different selections of connected devices: RAPPER,
HEATER, TRANSPORT, CONF. DO, UNCONF. DO, ESP CTRL,
T/R CTRL or NOT CONN. Each selection will be explained separately in this
chapter.
Mode
There are five different modes of operation: ON, OFF, AUTO, CONT and
----. Each selection will be explained later in this chapter. Some of the Mode
settings combined with a Type may not have a function. All positions on the
next page that are marked with N/A are such combination. The RTU displays
“The parameter is temporarily blocked” if one of these combinations is
selected.
The “----” mode is automatically selected when NOT CONN, ESPCTRL,
T/R CTRL is selected in Type. This mode will change to OFF when Type is
changed to other selections.
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7.10.3. Mode/Type function view
Type/Mode AUTO ON OFF CONT
NOT CONN N/A N/A N/A N/A
RAPPER Follow the set- Follow the set- No rapping is Continuous rap-
tings in [Set Up] tings in [Set Up] performed. Alarm ping. Alarm after
[Config IO [Config IO after 30 minutes 30 minutes.
groups] and acti- groups] inde- if ESP is ON/High
vates with pendent of the voltage ON.
ESP ON/High ESP ON/OFF-
voltage ON and position or High
deactivates with voltage ON/OFF.
ESP OFF/High
voltage OFF.
TRANSPORT The output goes The output is The output is low. N/A
high at ESP ON/ high. Alarm after 30
High voltage ON minutes if ESP is
and low at ESP ON.
OFF/High volt-
age OFF.
HEATER N/A The output is The output is low. N/A

high.
CONF.DO N/A The output is The output is low. N/A

(Dig. Output) high. The feed- The feedback is
back is checked checked every
every minute. minute.
UNCONF. N/A The output is The output is low. N/A

DO high. No feed- No feedback
(Dig. Output) back check. check.
ESP CTRL N/A N/A N/A N/A
T/R CTRL N/A N/A N/A N/A
The different types are explained as follows:
7.10.4. Type: RAPPER

Each of the four rapper can basically be programmed for “Start time”, “Rep-
etition time” and “Run time” individually. In addition a network of gates
(Boolean algebra) can be set up to control the rappers. For more information
on timers, see heading 7.11.5.1. Example 1 - Different timers for collector
and emitter rapping on page 75.
7.10.5. Mode of operation

The rapper motor is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can
be changed manually from the RTU.
It has four modes:
AUTO This is the normal position of the Mode parameter for rapper.
When High voltage or ESP is ON, rapping is performed
according to the time parameters in window [Set Up] [I/O
Group] [Timers 1-6]. When the High voltage or ESP is
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switches OFF, rappers are stopped (if not set to conduct oth-
erwise by Timers 1-6).
ON The rapping is performed according to the time parameters
independent of commands like High voltage or ESP ON/OFF.
OFF No rapping is performed. If this mode is OFF for more than
30 minutes while High voltage or ESP is ON, EPIC III indi-
cates an alarm.
CONT Continuous rapping. If this mode is CONT for more than 30
minutes, EPIC III will indicate an alarm.
It is possible to set continuous rapping in an other way too. In

RTU window [Process settings] [Mode 1-6] select Rapp All.
When the Mode parameter or any of the time parameters are changed, the
rapping will immediately follow the new setting. When rapping is performed
according to the time parameters, rapping will always recommence directly
at the start time, regardless of the current rapper output state.
7.10.6. Rapper control via timers

Each of the four rapper can basically be programmed for “Start time”, “Rep-
etition time” and “Run time” individually. In addition a network of gates
(Boolean algebra) can be set up to control the rappers. For more information
on timers, see heading 7.11.5.1. Example 1 - Different timers for collector
and emitter rapping on page 75.
EPIC III has one output and one input connection for each rapper motor. The
output is used to control the motor contactor. The input is used to sense the
feedback that indicates that the rapper is operating as ordered, if not an alarm
message will be given. The alarm is activated if the status of the feedback
and the output does not compare just before each start or stop, see below. For
more information concerning the connections, see section 10. Technical data
on page 103.
The feedback is checked immediately before the status of the output is
changed.
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Run time Process delay
EPIC III rapper

motor output
Rapper motor
feedback
EPIC III alarm func- Alarm will be given here Alarm will be given here if motor
tion sensing the feed- if motor is running. is not running.
back (Alarm if feedback = ON) (Alarm if feedback is not = ON)
Figure 5. State diagram, rapper sequence with rotary switch feedback
7.10.6.1. Power control Rapping (PCR)

The Power Control Rapping function constitutes a limitation of the power to
the ESP during rapping (power = current). The reduction of the electric field
during rapping makes the rapping (in most cases) more effective.
The limitation of the current is set in parameter Rapping current limit in win-
dow [Set UP] [I/O Groups] [Power control]
7.10.6.2. Set up of rapper parameters

The EPIC III rapper function has to be set to correct values to ensure proper
operation of the ESP. All parameters concerning rapper operation must be
setup before start-up. In the EPIC III window structure, all parameters for
control of the rappers are reached through the menu [Set Up] [I/O Groups]
The set up is done in the following order:
[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Group configuration], defining the I/O Groups.
[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Connection], connects the output of the timers with
the rappers.
[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Timers 1-3] and [Timers 4-6], defining the rapping
times.
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[Set Up] [I/O Groups] [Power control] defines which timers who have power
control.
Remember to save all your settings with function [Save settings] in the
[Main menu].
7.10.7. Type: TRANSPORT

This selection is mainly for ash transport devices. The status of the feedback
is checked 2 seconds after a status change and repeatedly checked every
minute.
7.10.7.1. Mode of operation

The transport motors as a group are controlled by the Mode parameter. This
parameter can be changed manually from the RTU.
It has two modes:
ON The transport starts to operate.
OFF The transport stops.
7.10.8. Type: HEATER

This selection is mainly for heater devices. The status of the feedback is
checked 2 seconds after a status change and repeatedly checked every
minute.

The Heater is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can be
changed manually from the RTU.
It has two modes:
ON The heater is turned on.
OFF The heater is turned off.
7.10.9. Type: CONF. DO (Confirmed Digital output)

This selection is for additional devices such as an electrical fan. The status of
the feedback is checked 2 seconds after a status change and repeatedly
checked every minute.

The output is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can be
It has two modes:
ON The output goes high.
OFF The output goes low.
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7.10.10.Type: UNCONF. DO (Unconfirmed Digital output)

This selection is for additional devices such as an electrical fan. The status of
the feedback is not checked.
7.10.10.1.Mode of operation
The output is controlled by the Mode parameter. This parameter can be
It has two modes:
ON The output goes high.
OFF The output goes low.
7.10.11.Type: ESP-CTRL
This function is only for the master unit. ESP-ctrl is a flank triggered input
which toggles between ESP ON and ESP OFF. The function can be used
together with a button or a switch to stop and start the ESP. The output fol-
lows the ESP status and goes high when ESP is ON and low when ESP is
OFF.
7.10.12.Type: T/R-CTRL
T/R-ctrl is a flank triggered input which toggles between High voltage ON
and High voltage OFF. The function can be used together with a button or a
switch to stop and start the T/R unit. The output follows the T/R unit status
and goes high when High voltage is ON and low when High voltage is OFF.
7.10.13.[Timer1-6]
See section Timer functions on page 69.
7.10.14.Auxiliary Digital Inputs

This is four additional digital inputs for different control. The window Set up
inputs is located under [Set Up] [Inputs].
Name: Type: See below

7 characters
• Alarm reset - Possibility to make a sum alarm reset by using a signal

from e.g. a PLC.
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• ALARM -T- This external alarm will trip the EPIC III and display an
alarm message on the RTU.
• ALARM-W- This external alarm will display an alarm message on the
RTU.
• MODE TOGGLE- This external input can be used to toggle the
EPIC III between two or four different operational profiles (only possi-
ble for input DI 14 and/or DI 16).
• MU M TOGGLE - This external input can be used to toggle the master
EPIC III (and consequently all slave EPIC IIIs) between two or four dif-
ferent operational profiles (only possible for input DI 14 and/or DI 16).
• OPAC. CAL- This input is used to block the opacity algorithm during
calibration of an opacity meter (if used).
• RAPPER - This input runs the EPIC III with PCR limit and can be used
if the EPIC III not controls the rapper.
• NOT CONN- When the input is not used.
Type: Alarm reset

A flank gives a sum alarm reset.
Type: RAPPER
This input runs the EPIC III with PCR limit and can be used if the EPIC III
not controls the rapper.
Type: OPAC. CAL
If the opacity meter performs an automatic calibration procedure, the OpOpt
algorithm must be informed by a 24V signal applied to the input. During the
time of the calibration the OpOpt will freeze it's calculations and thereby
avoid wrong corrections based on calibration spikes.
Type: MU M TOGGLE (only for Master Unit)
This selection toggles between mode 1-4 or mode 1-2 as the Master mode
(depending on if one or two inputs are used, see table below). The function
changes all connected EPIC III that has these modes as active modes.
Type: MODE TOGGLE
This selection toggles between mode 1-4 or mode 1-2 as the active mode on
single units (depending on if one or two inputs are used, see table below).
The function does not work if the active mode is other than this two modes.
DI 14 DI 16 Mode DI 14 or DI16 Mode
0 0 1 0 1
1 0 2 1 2
0 1 3 If one input is used
1 1 4
If two inputs are used

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Type: ALARM-W
External warning alarm. A high or low signal, depending of settings in
[Set Up] [Inputs], activates an alarm message “XXXXXXX, external alarm,
Warning” on the RTU. The “XXXXXXX” is the name of the connected
input.
Type: ALARM-T
External tripping alarm. A high or low signal, depending of settings in
[Set Up] [Inputs], will trip the T/R and display an alarm message
“XXXXXXX, external alarm, Trip” on the RTU. The “XXXXXXX” is the
name of the connected input.
Type: NOT CONN.
The input is not used.
Normally closed:
Filled box inverts the input.
Page 69
7.11. Timer functions

EPIC III has a number of software functions, often called timers (since they
are based on a timer function). The timer function was basically aimed for
control of rapper mechanisms. In EPIC III the timer function can be used in
many different ways and fill a variety of purposes.
There are 6 individual and identical timers containing:
• A timer function
• A coupling function (with Boolean algebra)
• A function for reducing power during rapping -
Power Control Rapping (PCR)
The 6 timers are connected in cascade and common for all 6 timers there is a
connection selector to the I/O.
7.11.1. The timer function

The timer has three different time settings:
• Start time - defines the day, hour, minute and second when the event
shall start. Day number 1 is defined as the first Monday of the New
Year. It is not the day number you can find in your calendar. At the next
New Year synchronization to the same working day will take place. The
result is when you specify the start of an event to e.g. a Friday; the event
will always start on this day (every year, even a leap year).
• Repetition time - defines the time in days, hours, minutes and seconds
between the first start of the event until it shall start again. The working
day synchronization mentioned above is valid here too. The Repetition
time is effected by the rapping intensity, see heading 5.3.5. Rapp. Intens
on page 36.
• Run time - defines the duration of the event. The run time can be speci-
fied in hours, minutes and seconds.
The example shows:
Run time
Start time 003:04:00 ddd:hh:mm:ss
Repetition time 000:07:00 ddd:hh:mm
Run time 00:30:00 hh:mm:ss
00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00
(24:00)
Repetition time
Start time
Figure 6. One of 6 timers (the time setting function). The event will start on the first
Wednesday of the year and run for 30 minutes and will be repeated every 7th hour
Page 70
Note!
There is no monitoring of the ratio between run time and repetition
time. You can specify a run time nearly as long as the repetition time.
The result of this will be an ongoing event with a short brake just
before it starts over.
7.11.2. Couplings
The output from the timer function is fed to a certain coupling function with
4 alternatives:
• NO - no coupling at all, an active timer output will result in an active
output from the coupling section.
• AND - the timer signal and the input have to be active at the same time,
to get an active output.
• AND NOT - the timer signal has to be active and the input has to be
inactive, to get an active output.
• OR - one of the timer signal or the input has to be active in order to get
an active output.
Timer 1
- Start time Coupling (in this
- Repetition time case AND)
- Run time
NO
Input AND
&
AND
NOT
&
OR
>1
Output
Figure 7. The coupling function of the timer
The RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] has the path Set up, I/O Groups,
Timer 1-3.
Page 71
7.11.3. The Power control rapping (PCR)

The output from the coupling function is fed to the Power Control Rapping
function (PCR). This function constitutes a limitation of the power to the
ESP during rapping (power = current). The reduction of the electric field
during rapping makes the rapping (in many cases) more efficient.
The PCR can be selected in the RTU window [Set up Power Ctrl]. Select ON
to activate the PCR function and insert a value for the reduced current (the
value specifies which level the current will be reduced to). When the PCR is
selected, an active output from the coupling function will result in a reduc-
tion of power during rapping.
&
&
>1
PCR
ON/OFF Reduction
of current to Output
this level
Figure 8. The PCR function
The RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] has the path Set up, Power control.
Page 72
7.11.4. Cascade coupling of timers and connection to I/O

The output from timer No. 1 is connected to the input of timer No. 2. And
this output is connected to the input of timer No. 3 and so on (all timers are
connected in cascade). For timer No. 1 the input is external, see heading
7.11.4.1. The input to timer 1 on page 73.
Further more the output from all 6 timers is connected to an output connec-
tion. In this connection any of the 6 outputs can be directed to one of 4 differ-
ent I/O groups.
Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 3 Timer 4 Timer 5 Timer 6
& & & & & &
& & & & & &
>1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1
PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR
Input for timer 1

is external
Connection to I/O Group
I/O 1 I/O 2 I/O 3 I/O 4
Figure 9. Cascade coupling of all 6 timers

Page 73
7.11.4.1. The input to timer 1

The input can be retrieved from any of the four digital inputs (DI 1-2, 14,16)
by selecting the Type: to RAPPER.
Select the RTU window [Set up inputs] by using the path Set up, Inputs
Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 3 Timer 4
The external
& & &
input to timer 1
& & &
>1 >1 >1

40
DI14
56
PCR PCR PCR P
>1
26
DI02
42
Connection
I/O 1 I/O 2
RAPPER
Figure 10. Input to timer 1
The digital inputs DI 1-2, 14, 16 will, in the RAPPER case, have an OR
coupling. Therefore if you select e.g. two RAPPERs an active signal from
any of these inputs will result in an active input to timer No. 1.
Page 74
7.11.4.2. The connection to I/O Group and activating of I/O

The connection between the output of the timers and the I/O groups 1-4 is
made in the RTU window [I/O Group Connection] found by using the path
Set up, I/O Groups, Connection.
By selecting a timer number for one I/O Group the output of this timer is
connected to the I/O Group. If you specify 0, no timer will be connected to
the I/O group in question.
.
& & & & & &
>1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1
PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR

Timer 6
I/O 2 I/O 3 I/O 4
I/O Group 1 IoGrp 1 RAPPER AUTO 02

03
04
05
58
DO02 66
Figure 11. Connection timer to an I/O Group

(I/O Group 1 is more detailed than the other I/O Groups)
Next step is to activate the connected I/O Group. This is made in the RTU
window [Config I/O groups] found by using the path Set up, Group configu-
ration. Set the Type: for I/O Group 1 to RAPPER and the MODE: to
AUTO.
Page 75
7.11.5. How to use the timers etc.

There are almost endless ways to use the timer functions that just have been
explained to you. When you have studied the timer functions and maybe one
or two of the examples you will be ready to make your own settings.
7.11.5.1. Example 1 - Different timers for collector and emitter rapping

In this example one timer is controlling the rapping of collector electrodes
and another timer is controlling rapping of the emitting electrodes (there is
often need for more intensive rapping on the collector electrodes than on the
emitting electrodes).
1. Start time for collector rapping - Set timer No. 1 to start on the first
Monday of the year at midnight (001:00:00:00), see heading 7.11.1.
The timer function on page 69.
2. Repetition time for collector rapping - Set the repetition time for timer
No. 1 to 12 minutes (000:00:12).
3. Run time for collector rapping - Set the run time for timer No. 1 to 1
minute (00:01:00). (You must of course set the run time in accordance
to your process.)
4. Start time for emitter rapping - Set the timer No. 2 to start at midnight
the first Monday of the year (001:00:00:00).
5. Repetition time for emitter rapping - Set the repetition time for timer
No. 2 to 5 minutes (000:00:05).
6. Run time for emitter rapping - Set the run time for timer No. 2 to e.g. 2
minutes (00:02:00). (You must of course set the run time in accordance
to your process.)
7. Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 1 and No. 2 to NO. Use the
RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using the path Set up, I/O
Groups, Timer 1-3.
8. PCR - Check that the power control for timer No. 1 and No. 2 is OFF.
Use the RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] reached by using the path Set
up, Power control.
9. I/O Group - Connect I/O group 1 to timer No. 1 and I/O Group 2 to
timer No. 2 in the RTU window [I/O Group Connection] reached by
using the path Set up, I/O Groups, Connection.
10. Type - For I/O group 1 and 2, set the Type: to RAPPER.
Use the RTU window [Config IO groups] reached by using the path
Set up, I/O Groups, Group configuration.
Timer No. 1 will now generate output every 12th minute (with duration of 1
minutes). And timer No. 2 will generate output every half-hour (with dura-
tion of 2 minutes).
Page 76
7.11.5.2. Example 2 - A four hour rapping cycle that is blocked at midnight

In this example rapping shall start 4 o’clock in the morning and be repeated
every 4th hour of the day, except at midnight.
1. Start time for rapping - Set timer No. 2 to start on the first Monday of
the year at 4 o’clock in the morning (001:04:00:00), see heading 7.11.1.
The timer function on page 69.
2. Repetition time for rapping - Set the repetition time for timer No. 2 to 4
hours (000:04:00).
3. Run time for rapping - Set the run time for timer No. 2 to 15 minutes
(00:15:00). (You must of course set the run time in accordance to your
process.)
4. Start time for blocking - Set the timer No. 1 to start at midnight the first
Tuesday of the year (002:00:00:00).
5. Repetition time for blocking - Set the repetition time for timer No. 1 to
24 hours (000:24:00).
6. Run time for blocking - Set the run time for timer No. 1 to e.g. 16 min-
utes or at least longer than the run time for timer No. 2 (00:16:00).
7. PCR - Set the power control to ON and specify the current. Use the
RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] reached by using the path Set up,
Power control.
8. Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 2 to AND NOT and NO for
timer No. 1. Use the RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using
the path Set up, I/O Groups, Timer 1-3.
Note!
In figure No. 12 you can see that it is the output from timer No. 2 that
shall be used (output from timer No. 1 is not relevant in this example).
9. I/O Group - Set I/O group 1 to timer No. 2 in the RTU window [I/O
Group Connection] reached by using the path Set up, I/O Groups, Con-
nection.
10. Type - For I/O group 1, set the Type: to RAPPER.
Page 77
Since the output from timer No. 1 is low on the first day, the rapping will
start 4 o’clock in the morning and last for 15 minutes. The same thing will
happen at 8:00, at 12:00 (noon), at 16:00 (4 PM) and at 20:00 (8 PM). At
midnight the output of timer No. 1 will be activated and since the coupling
AND NOT is selected there will be no output from timer No. 2 (the midnight
rapping is omitted).
Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 3 Timer 4 Timer 5
& & & & &
& & & & &
>1 >1 >1 >1 >1
PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR
External input
I/O 1 I/O 2 I/O 3 I/O 4
Figure 12. Output every forth hour except for midnight
7.11.5.3. Example 3 - A timer controlled rapping with externally forced rapping

In example 3 a rapper output is controlled by timer No. 1. In certain cases
extra rapping can be needed and using the external input can solve that. The
output is connected directly to the I/O group 1 without any influence from
the PCR.
1. Start time - Set timer No. 1 to start on the first Monday of the year at 1
o’clock in the morning (001:01:00:00), see heading 7.11.1. The timer
function on page 69.
2. Repetition time - Set the repetition time for timer No. 1 to 2 hours
(000:02:00).
3. Run time - Set the run time for timer No. 1 to 6 minutes (00:06:00).
(You must of course set the run time in accordance to your process.)
4. Type - Set the Type: to RAPPER.
Use the RTU window [Set up inputs] reached by using the path
Set up, Inputs.
5. PCR - Set the power control to OFF. Use the RTU window [Set Up
Power Ctrl] reached by using the path Set up, Power control.
Page 78
6. Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 1 to OR.

Use the RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using the path Set
up, I/O Groups, Timer 1-3.
7. I/O Group - Set I/O group 1 to timer No. 1 in the RTU window [I/O
Group Connection] reached by using the path Set up, I/O Groups, Con-
nection.
8. Type - For I/O group 1, set the Type: to RAPPER.
The rappers connected to I/O Group 1 will operate during 6 minutes every
second hour. When an external signal is received the OR coupling will feed
this signal to the connection to I/O Groups.
Timer 1 Timer 2 Timer 3 Timer 4 Timer 5
& & & & &
& & & & &
>1 >1 >1 >1 >1
PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR
External input
I/O 1 I/O 2 I/O 3 I/O 4
Figure 13. Output every second hour and during forced rapping
via the external input
7.11.5.4. Example 4 - Utilization of the PCR function from an external source

In this example rapping is controlled from an external source (e.g. PLC) but
the PCR function in EPIC III is utilized. In this case timer No. 1 is involved
but shall not be active at all. The easiest way to block the timer is to set the
run time to 0.
1. Run time - Check that the run time for timer No. 1 is set to 0
(00:00:00:00). For more information on timers, see heading 7.11.1. The
timer function on page 69.
Note!
When the Run time is set to 0 there will not be any output at all from
this timer (no matter what the Start time or the Repetition time is set
to).
Page 79
2. Type - Set the Type: to RAPPER.

Use the RTU window [Set up inputs] reached by using the path
Set up, Inputs.
3. PCR - Set the power control to ON and specify the current. Use the
RTU window [Set Up Power Ctrl] has the path Set up, Power control.
4. Coupling - Set the Coupling for timer No. 1 to OR.
Use the RTU window [Set Up Timer 1-3] reached by using the path Set
up, I/O Groups, Timer 1-3.
Selection of RAPPER connects the external input to timer No. 1. And since
the Run time for timer No. 1 is 0, this timer will not be active at any time.
When an external signal is received the OR coupling will feed this signal to
the PCR. Since the PCR function is activated, the power will be reduced to
the set value when the external signal is active.
Page 80
Page 81
8. Variable list
8. Variable list
This list contains standard default values and description of each variable
and parameter in alphabetical order. The actual installation may have cus-
tomized default settings and they may differ from the list below. All parame-
ters marked with S are saved to the non-volatile memory when using [Save
settings]. The password levels are marked with L = low, M = middle and
H = high. Master function, marked with MU is only valid when set from the
master unit.
Name in RTU The complete name & Passw. Range Def. Unit of Path to the RTU
windows description etc. value measurement window
Accumulated: Total detected sparks 0 - 4x109 Read Counts Readings+↓+↓

Sparks Double sparks increment this by 1. only
(Saves to memory every midnight)
Accumulated: Total detected arcs. 0 - 4x109 Read Counts Readings+↓+↓
Arcs (Saves to memory every midnight) only
Accumulated: Total detected double sparks 0 - 4x109 Read Counts Readings+↓+↓
Double (Saves to memory every midnight) only
Act. power Active power consumption 0 - 999 Read kW Operation
only or
Readings
Active CL Active pulse current limit - 0 - 999 Read mA Operation ↓
only
Active CR Active charging ratio 1/1 - 1/999 or Read Number/ Operation
2/4 - 2/998 only number
An. out 1 Analog out 1 set value H 4 - 20 4 mA Tests+↓+↓+↓
An. out 2 Analog out 2 set value 4 - 20 4 mA Tests+↓+↓+↓
App. power Apparent power consumption 0 - 999 Read kVA Readings
only
Arc det. level Arc detection level S, M 0-9 5 kV Process settings
An arc is detected if the kVv, after a / Spark settings
fired half cycle, is lower than detec-
tion level for more than 10 consec-
utive Semipulse cycles.
Arc quenching Arc quenching S, M 1 - 99 10 Pulses Process settings
Number of quenching pulses / Spark settings
Auxiliary Auxiliary input - 00.0 - 25.0 Read mA Readings
For opacity, boiler load etc. only or
Tests+↓
Av. Curr. max Secondary Current Average Max M 0 - T/R rating 1000 mA Set up / T/R
Average Average 0 - 100 Read % Master+↓
1-30 min average of the opacity only
signal.
Calibrating Calibrating !=ON Read Text string Master+↓
Lit when the calibration is active "=OFF only
and the algorithm is frozen.
Cancel VI-collection Cancel the VI-collection L --- --- --- Set up / VI-curve
Charge ratio Charging Ratio S, M 1/1 - 1/999 or 1/1 Number/ Operation+↓
The control parameter for Semi- 2/4 - 2/998 number or
pulse Fired/Total, No of half peri- Process settings
ods / Mode #
Page 82
8. Variable list
Charging ratio Charging ratio S, M 1:1 - 1:999 1:1 Number/ Set up / VI-curve
The control parameter for Semi- number / Settings
pulse used during the VI-curve col-
lection.
Collector area Collector area S, M 1 - 9999 1 m2 Set up / ESP
Collector are for this field/cell
Cor time Setup / EPOQ+↓
Cor time rel Setup / EPOQ+↓
Cor time step Setup / EPOQ+↓
Coupl. Coupling of Timers to output S, M NO NO - Set up /
AND I/O Groups /
OR Timers
AND NOT
CR wait Setup / EPOQ+↓
CRC error No. of CRC errors to Fläktbus - 0- 4x109 Read Diagnostics
only
Current limit Current limit 1 - 100 Read % Master+↓
Resulting current limit of OpOpt only
Current limit Actual Pulse Current Limit 0 - T/R rating Read mA Operation
only
Current limit Pulse Current Limit S, M 0 - T/R rating x 2 1000 mA Operation+↓
Ave. of all ignited current pulses or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Current limit min Current limit minimal for opacity S, M, 0 - 50 10 % Master+↓+↓
opt. MU
Current Step Current step after spark S, M 1 - 98 15 % of actual Operation+↓
secondary or
current. Process settings
/ Mode #
Date Date S, M YYYY-MM-DD Year, Set up / System
1980-01-01- Month,
2079-12-31 Day
DI Name: The name of the input S, H 7 letters DigAux Text string Set up / Inputs
1-4
DI Type: Type of connected input signal S, H Not con., Not con Text string Set up / Inputs
Alarm-T,
Alarm-W,
Mode toggle,
MU M toggle,
Opac. cal.
Rapper,
Alarm Reset
DI01-DI16 Read the digital inputs !=ON Read Tests+↓+↓
"=OFF only
DI4 - 10 Polarity of alarm S, H !=NO o Set up / Alarm
"=NC
DO01-DO07 Digital Output H !=ON o Tests+↓+↓+↓
Only possible to change if Test "=OFF
Mode is active
Duration Duration S 0 - 999 Read Seconds Set up / VI-curve
The total time length of the VI- only
curve collection.
E2Prom Test of E2PROM H Command Tests+↓+↓+↓+↓
Page 83
8. Variable list
EPOQ EPOQ S, M ON OFF Operation+↓

Electrostatic Precipitator Optimiz- OFF or
ing Q Algorithm. Process settings
Optimizing Charging Ratio and cur- / Mode #
rent limit.
EPOQ state EPOQ Read Set up / EPOQ
Monitoring the progress of the only
EPOQ software
ESP address limits: ESP address limits: High S, H, 5 - 125 125 Numbers Set up / System
High The Highest address on the net- MU
work which will be controlled by the
Master.
ESP address limits: ESP address limits: Low S, H, 5 - 125 5 Numbers Set up / System
Low The lowest address on the network MU
which will be controlled by the Mas-
ter.
ESP mode ESP control L, M U On, Off Text string Master
Controls the whole ESP operation Off
in the address limits.
First ign. angle First Ignition angle S, M 0 - 100 40 % Process settings
Determines the start current for the 100%=180° / Spark settings
first fired pulse after a sparkover
with short quenching.
Gain Gain S, M, 0 - 200 20 % Master+↓
MU
Get parameter from Reset of all settings in non-volatile H - - Command Set up /
Default memory to initial factory settings. System+↓
Get parameter from Copy parameters from a specified H - - Command Set up /
Nod node System+↓
HCR EPOQ H 1:1 - 1:999 1:61 Set up / EPOQ+↓
Highest allowed changing ratio.
High limit High limit S, M, 0 - 99 10 % Master+↓
Opacity high limit. MU
High voltage Start/Stop of the T/R operation L ON/OFF OFF Operation
Idle cur. lim. Idling Current Limit S, M 0 - 10 mA 0 mA Set up / T/R
Determines how much current that Ave. of idling
will be inserted between the normal pulses
Semipulse pulses.
Ign. ang. lim. Ignition angle limit S, M 100%= 180° 100.0 % Set up / T/R
Limits the maximum firing angle for 0.0 - 100.0
the SCRs.
Language Language in the RTU windows S, M 1 Number Setup / System
Last collection Last collection S yyyy-mm-dd Read Set up / VI-curve
Of VI Curve hh:mm only
Last ref meas OK Last reference measurement OK YES Read YES/NO Set up / EPOQ
Shows NO if a reference measure- NO only
ment never is performed
LCR Lowest allowed changing ratio H 1:1 - 1:999 1:1 Set up / EPOQ+↓
for EPOQ
Level (0-32) Spark levels H 1 - 32 16 Number Process settings
Determines the Spark detection / Spark settings
level when Method is set to Cur-
rent.
Page 84
8. Variable list
Limit Limit S OFF, Read --- Set up / VI-curve

This parameter informs the opera- None, only
tor the type of limiter that was Sec Current,
active when the VI-curve function Prim current,
was determining the maximum cur- Peak volt,
rent. Ign angle,
Spark,
Rapping,
Pulse curr.,
EPOQ,
Opacity opt.,
Pulse current,
ARC
Limiter Limiter Off, Read Operation
Shows the limit that is active for the None, only
moment. Sec Current,
Prim current,
Peak volt,
Ign angle,
Spark,
Rapping,
VI curve,
Pulse curr.
EPOQ,
Opacity-opt.,
ARC
Loop gain Control Loop Gain S, M 1 - 50 10 % Process settings
Damping factor for regulation / Spark settings
Max sec curr Setup / EPOQ+↓
Method Determines what method to be S, H Voltage Voltage Text string Process settings
used for spark detection. Current / Spark settings
Min curr dens Setup / EPOQ+↓
Min. current density Minimum current density S, M 0 - 9999 10 µA/m2 Set up / VI-curve
This value is the lowest current / Settings
density the VI-collection will use
Mode Mode L Mode 1 - 6 Mode 1 Text string Operation
All modes contain the same set of
parameters.
Mode: Mode of operation for the I/O S, H Auto, On, Off, ----- ----- Text string Set up /
groups Cont. I/O Groups /
Group configura-
tion
Modes: Mode change (global command) L, MU Mode 1 - 6 Mode 1 Text string Master
Changes mode in all units control-
led by the master unit.
Momentary Opacity Momentary value 0 - 100% Read % Master+↓
1 second average of the opacity only
signal
Monitors, 1st 1st Opacity monitor cell M A01 - L20 B01 - Master+↓
st st
Monitors, 1 Returned value of 1 opacity 1 - 100 Read % Master+↓
monitor. The opacity is shown as a only
10 s average signal.
Monitors, 2nd 2nd Opacity monitor cell M A01 - L20 B01 - Master+↓
nd nd
Monitors, 2 Returned value of 2 opacity 1 - 100 Read % Master+↓
monitor. The opacity is shown as a only
10 s average signal.
Name: The name of the I/O group S, H 7 letters Iogrp Text string Set up /
1-4 I/O Groups /
Group configura-
tion
Page 85
8. Variable list
New Q Setup /
EPOQ+↓+↓
NIC NIC - 0 - 127 Read Diagnostics
Next in change only
Normally closed Polarity of operation of S, H " = Yes " = Yes Set up / Inputs
DI14, DI16, DI1, DI2 ! = No
Off Total number of T/Rs in off 0 - 999 Read Count Master
position only
Old Q Setup /
EPOQ+↓+↓
On Total number of T/Rs in on 0 - 999 Read Count Master
position only
Opac. controlled Opacity controlled M ON OFF Operation+↓
OFF or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Opacity optim. Opacity optimization S, M, ON OFF ON Master
Starts or stops the Opacity optimi- MU OFF OFF
zation.
OpOpt Clim> Opacity optimization pulse S, M 0.0 - 100.0 15 % Set up / EPOQ
current limit minimum
If the current is limited to a lower
level by the opacity algorithm, no
EPOQ reference measurement will
be performed.
Optimal Clim EPOQ Optimal Pulse Current 0 - T/R rating Read mA Set up / EPOQ
Limit only
Optimal CR EPOQ Optimal Charging Ratio 1/1 - 1/999 Read Number/ Set up / EPOQ
only number
Position: Position: Field/Cell S, M A01 - L20 A01 Text string Set up / ESP
Field/Cell T/R position in ESP
Power Control Power Control for Timer 1-6 M On, Off Off Set up /
I/O Groups /
Power control
Power Control Power Control pulse current for M 0 - T/R rating x 2 400 mA Set up /
Timer 1-6 I/O Groups /
Power control
Pr. cur. ave Primary Current Average 1.0 - 999.9 Read A Readings
only
Pr. cur. limit rms Primary Line Current Limit S, M 0 - 999.9 250 Arms Set up / T/R
Trip Trip Alarm
Operation above this limit is pre-
vented by ignition angle reduction.
The T/R is tripped if current stays
above this limit > 5 seconds.
Pr. cur. rms Primary Line Current RMS 0.0 - 999.9 Read Arms Operation
only or
Readings
Pr. volt rms Primary Line Voltage Rms 0 - 999 Read V Operation
only or
Readings
Prim Curr adjustm. Primary current adjustment zero S, H 0 - 20 10 Number Setup / T/R+↓
Primary current Primary current signal Read mA Tests+↓
(RMS) only
Primary voltage Primary voltage Read V Tests+↓
(RMS) only
Page 86
8. Variable list
Program version Program Version - Read - Set up / System

only
Quench mod. Spark Quench Mode S, M SELF SHORT Text string Operation+↓
SHORT or
SELF+SHORT Process settings
/ Mode #
RAM RAM Test H Command Tests+↓+↓+↓+↓
Only possible if Test Mode is active
Rapp all Run all Rapper outputs M ON/OFF OFF Operation+↓
Rapp. Intens. Rapping Intensity M 1 - 10 1 Operation+↓
The number of times that the or
repetition time is prolonged. Process settings
/ Mode #
Ratio for Line volt. Primary Line Voltage Trans- S, H 100 - 700 500 V/5V Set up / T/R +↓
xformer former Ratio
Ratio for Prim. curr. Primary Line Current Trans- S, H 10.0 - 900.0 250 A/1A Set up / T/R+↓
xformer former Ratio
Ratio for Sec. curr. Secondary Current Shunt Ratio S, H 10.0 - 3000.0 1000.0 Ratio Set up / T/R+↓
shunt mA/1V
Ratio for Sec. volt. Secondary Voltage Divider Ratio S, H Ratio Set up / T/R+↓
ser. res. Standard. 20.0kV/0.4 - kV/0.4 mA
200.0kV/0.4
90
By removing jumpers 20.0kV/0.1 - kV/0.1mA
R142 and R144 200.0kV/0.1
Receive errors Receive error counter - 0 - 4x1099 Read Diagnostics
only
Rep Opt CR Repetition time for charging 00:00 - 23:59 Read Hours, Set up / EPOQ
ratio optimization only Minutes
Rep ref meas Repetition time for reference 00:00 - 23:59 Read Hours, Set up / EPOQ
measurement only Minutes
Repet. Time Repetition time for Rapper outputs 0:00:00 - 0:00:00 Days Setup /
365:23:59 Hours I/O Groups /
Minutes Timers #
Reset alarm Sum alarm reset L Command Operation
Reset NIC <>0 Number of Reset NIC <>0 - 0 - 4x1099 Read Diagnostics
only
Run time Run time for timer 1-6 S, M hh:mm:ss 00:00:00 Hours Set up /
Minutes I/O Groups /
Seconds Timers
Sampl. interv Sampling interval S, M, 1 - 30 5 Minutes Master+↓
for average signal calculation MU
Sample interval Sample interval S, M 0 - 255 2 Seconds Set up / VI-curve
A specified waiting time before / Settings
measuring each current value.
Save settings Save settings H - Command Save settings
Save all active settings in
non-volatile memory
Sec. curr. Average Secondary Current Average 0 - 9999 Read mA Readings+↓
only
Sec. curr. Density Secondary Pulse Current 0 - 1000 Read µA/m2 Operation
Density only or
Readings+↓
Sec. curr. Peak Secondary Current Peak 0 - 9999 Read mA Readings+↓
only
Page 87
8. Variable list
Sec. curr. Pulse Secondary Pulse Current - 0 - 9999 Read mA Readings+↓ or

only Operation
Sec. volt. Average Secondary Voltage 0.0 - 999.9 Read kV Operation
Average only or
Readings+↓
Sec. volt. Peak Secondary Voltage Peak 0.0 - 999.9 Read kV Readings+↓
only
Sec. volt. Valley Secondary Voltage Valley 0.0 - 999.9 Read kV Readings+↓
only
Secondary current Secondary Current Signal Read mA Tests+↓
only
Secondary voltage Secondary Voltage Signal Read V Tests+↓
only
Set Set S, M, 1 - 99 5 % Master+↓
Opacity set value MU
Short quenching Short Quenching S, M 2-9 2 Pulses Operation+↓
Number of half periods or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Slope Rise A Slope Rise A S, M 0.0 - 100.0 80.0 % Process settings
/ Spark settings
Slope Rise B Slope Rise B Read % Process settings
only / Spark settings
Slope Rise C Slope Rise C S, M High High Process settings
Medium / Spark settings
Low
Slope Time A Slope Time A S, M 0 - 100 5 % Process settings
/ Spark settings
Slope Time B Slope Time B Read % Process settings
only / Spark settings
Spark rate Spark Rate, Detected 0 - 999 Read spm (sparks per Operation
Sparks Per Minute (Double are only minute) or
counted as 1) Readings+↓+↓
Spark rate lim. Spark Rate Limit S, M 0 - 450 10 spm (sparks per Operation+↓
Limitation of sparks minute) or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Spark sens. Spark Sensitivity S, H 1.0 - 99.9 40.0 kV/ms Process settings
High value= low sensitivity / Spark settings
Low value= high sensitivity +↓
Spark sensing Spark Sensing Method S, H Voltage/Current Voltage Process settings
method / Spark settings
Start ref meas, hour Start hour for reference meas- S, H, M 00 - 23 00 Hours Set up / EPOQ
urement.
Consists of an hour variable.
Start ref meas, min- Start minutes for reference S, H, M 0 - 60 dep. Minutes Set up / EPOQ
utes measurement. field/cell
Consists of an minute variable.
Start Time Start Time for Rapper outputs S, M 0:00:00 - 0:00:00 Days Setup /
365:23:59:59 Hours I/O Groups /
Minutes Timers #
Seconds
Start VI-collection Start VI-collection M - - Command Set up / VI-curve
Starts the collection and stores the
values.
Page 88
8. Variable list
Step at spark Step at spark S, M 1 - 25 5 % Set up / VI-curve

Current reduction when VI curve is / Settings
limited by sparkover.
Supervisor active This node is Flaktbus supervisor - 0-1 Read Diagnostics
only
Test mode Test mode is active H Yes, No No Tests
Time Time L, M HH,MM,SS 00:00:00 Hours, Set up / System
The actual real time. Used for time Minutes,
synchronized functions like Rap- Seconds
ping.
Total Total T/R:s MU 0 - 999 Read Counts Master
The total number of connected only
T/R:s controlled by ESP-Master
Total number of Total number of EPIC:s in mode MU 0 - 999 Read Counts Master
EPIC in mode 1-6 1-6 controlled by ESP-master only
Total power Total active power MU 0 - 999999 Read kW Master
for the EPIC:s controlled by ESP- only
master
Total sum alarm Total sum alarm reset L Command Master
Trip Total Tripping units 0 - 999 Read Counts Master
only
Type: Type of device connected to I/O S, H Rapper, Not Text string Set up /
group Transport, conn. I/O Groups /
Heater, Group configura-
Conf.DO., tion
Unconf. Do.,
ESP-ctrl,
T/R status,
Not conn.
Unit: Address FläktBus address S, H 5 - 125 2 number Set up / System
Unit: Master unit Master S, H YES NO Set up / System
Assigns an EPIC II to a Master NO
EPIC
Unit: Name Unit Name S, H Max 12 characters EPIC-III Text string Set up / System
The name that appears in all
windows.
Upeak Setup /
EPOQ+↓+↓
Used EPOQ Clim Used EPOQ Current Limit 0 - T/R rating Read mA Set up / EPOQ
only
Used EPOQ CR Used EPOQ Charging Ratio 1/1 - 1/999 Read Number/ Set up / EPOQ
Decides Charging Ratio if EPOQ is only number
ON
Uval Setup /
EPOQ+↓+↓
Warn. Total warning units 0 - 999 Read Counts Master
only
VI state VI state 0 - 22 Read Set up / VI-curve
The status and progress of the VI - OFF only
curve collection. 1-2 = initiation 10- ON
22= collection of data.
Volt.peak lim. Voltage Peak Limit S, M 0.0 - 999.9 15 kVp Operation+↓
or
Process settings
/ Mode #
Page 89
8. Variable list
Voltage limit ave. Secondary Voltage High Trip S, M 0.0 - 999.9 90.0 kV Set up / T/R
High trip Alarm Average
Alarm delay 1 s
Voltage limit ave. Secondary Voltage Low Trip S, M 0 - 999 5.0 kV Set up / T/R
Low trip Alarm Average
Alarm delay 20 s
Voltage limit ave. Secondary Voltage Low Warn- S, M 0 - 999 10.0 kV Set up / T/R
Low warning ing Alarm Average
Alarm delay 20 s
Vref Setup / EPOQ+↓
Vref wait Setup / EPOQ+↓
Page 90
8. Variable list
Page 91
9. Trouble shooting
9. Trouble shooting
This chapter tells you what to do when there is a malfunction. It is of great
importance that you read the following instructions before trying to do any-
thing yourself.
Warning!
Do not unscrew the enclosure and expose the circuit
board.
The warranty is void if the enclosure has been open by

unauthorized personnel.
Static electricity (ESD) may destroy the integrated circuits

on EPIC III circuit board if the enclosure is opened.
When sending the EPIC III for service, please send the
whole unit to ALSTOM Power. Do not remove the circuit
board from the enclosure.
9.1. Alarm messages

This is a description of alarm messages from EPIC III displayed on the RTU.
The same alarm code number and similar text are used at alarm situations on
other FläktBus units.
Alarm code Date and time when the

alarm occurred.
The name of the alarming
node
ALARM #19 2002 June 18 11:20
# 6
From node EPIC III Node
LV isolation switch, T/R tripped address
Alarm message
Acknowledge Reset Block alarm 1 min
This command confirms This command resets the This command sup- This key cancels the
that you have registered alarm. If the error still presses all alarm mes- alarm message and
the alarm. The alarm remains the alarm will be sages for 1 minute. returns to the previous
message will disappear reactivated. window without taking
and will not be displayed any action. The alarm
again. The alarm is how- message will disappear,
ever still active. but the alarm will be dis-
played again if active.
There are three ways to locate an alarm:

1. An alarm message is displayed on the RTU as the above.
Page 92
9. Trouble shooting
2. The [Alarm Table] shows all acknowledged and blocked alarms.

3. The [Node list] shows an alarm clock icon beside the alarming node.
When an alarm message is displayed the following steps must be taken:
1. Register the alarm and write down the alarm code number.
This is very important especially for those alarms that need external
service assistance.
2. Check [Alarm Table] menu and see if more alarms are active and write
them down.
3. Remedy the fault or faults according to the priority of the alarm and fol-
low the instructions in the “Alarm messages list”.
4. Reset all alarms in the [Operation] menu.
9.2. Alarm messages list

This is a list of all alarm messages from EPIC III. The alarm messages are in
alarm code number order. The alarm code number is located at the top of the
alarming window.
9.2.1. External alarm messages

Alarm # 1 “Temperature high, Warning”
Cause: The temperature of the T/R is high.
Solution: Check the T/R and the temperature indicator.
Alarm # 2 “Temperature high, T/R tripped”
Cause: The temperature of the T/R is too high.
Solution: Check the T/R and the temperature indicator.
Alarm # 3 “Check oil, Warning”
Cause: The oil warning indicator is activated.
Solution: Check the T/R and the oil indicator.
Alarm # 4 “Check oil, T/R tripped”
Cause: The oil trip indicator is activated.
Solution: Check the T/R and the oil indicator.
Alarm # 5 “LV isolation switch, T/R tripped”
Cause: The switch is open and has disconnected the power to the T/R.
Solution: Check the switch.
Alarm # 6 “HV safety breaker, T/R tripped”
Cause: The breaker does not allow the T/R to operate.
Solution: Check the breaker.
Alarm # 7 “SCR temperature high, T/R tripped”
Cause: The temperature of the SCRs (thyristors) are too high.
Solution: Check the SCRs.
Alarm # 9 “AC-current high, T/R tripped”
Page 93
9. Trouble shooting
Cause: The primary line current has exceeded the trip alarm limit in
[Set-up] [T/R].
Solution: Check all analog input signals by setting a low value on the
Ignition angle limit and compare EPIC III readings with
external measurements, if they are okay, check the T/R.
Alarm # 10 “DC-voltage low, T/R tripped”
Cause: The secondary voltage has stayed below the low trip alarm
limit in [Set-up] [T/R] for more than 30 sec.
Solution: Check the Electrostatic Precipitator for short circuits. If it is
okay check the kV measurement signal and the alarm level.
Alarm # 11 “DC-voltage low, Warning”
Cause: The secondary voltage has stayed below the low warning
alarm limit in [Set-up] [T/R] for more than 30 sec.
Solution: Check the Electrostatic Precipitator for short circuits. If it is
okay check the kV measurement signal and the alarm level.
Alarm # 12 “DC-voltage high, T/R tripped”
Cause: The secondary voltage has exceeded the high trip alarm limit
in [Set-up] [T/R].
Solution: Check the T/R and its connection to the Electrostatic Precipi-
tator. If it is okay check the kV measurement signal and the
alarm level.
Alarm # 18 “Contactor error, T/R tripped”
Cause: The feedback from the main contactor is missing during T/R
ON condition.
Solution: Check the contactor and its connections.
Alarm # 50 “XXXXXXX, I/O Group 1 error, Warning

Cause: The feedback from the I/O Group 1 contactor is missing.
Alarm # 51 XXXXXXX, I/O Group 2 error, Warning
Alarm # 53 Rapping OFF when T/R ON > 30 min.
Cause: The Rappers are not in operation when T/R is ON.
Solution: Change the mode to auto. Check that the Rapping sequence is
correct set. Check connections and the contactor.
Alarm # 54 Rapping continuously > 30 min, warning.
Cause: When Rapping sequence is CONT > 30 min.
Solution: This message is always displayed when the rapper sequence
has been working continuously in position CONT. for more
than 30 minutes.
Page 94
9. Trouble shooting

Alarm # 56 Transp. OFF when T/R ON > 30 min, Warning
Cause: The Transport are not in operation when T/R is ON.
Solution: Change the Transport mode to auto. Check connections and
the contactor.
Alarm # 58 XXXXXXX, External input, Warning
Cause: The digital input Aux 2 T#40, 56 has been activated.
Solution: Check the connections.
Alarm # 59 XXXXXXX, External input, Trip
Cause: The digital input Aux 3 T#25 41 has been activated.
Alarm # 70 Sparks at low voltage > 1 hour, warning.
Cause: The EPOQ optimizing has been prevented for more than
1 hour due to sparks at peak voltage < 20 kV
Solution: Check the condition of the actual ESP bus section.
Alarm # 71 Epoq ref.meas prevented 3 times, warning.
Cause: The EPOQ reference measurement has been prevented the last
three times.
Probable This occurs if the possibilities to change the secondary current
cause: are strongly limited, or if very frequent sparks are disturbing
the measurement.
Solution: Check the condition of the actual ESP bus section.
Page 95
9. Trouble shooting
Alarm # 93 VI curve prevented

Cause: EPOQ and/or rapping prevents the VI-curve function to run
for more than 5 minutes.
Solution: Synchronize the VI-curve with the rappers and/or the EPOQ
or switch of the EPOQ and/or the rappers during the VI-curve
configuration. Also see heading 7.9. VI-curve function on
page 55.
9.2.2. Internal alarm messages

Alarm # 210 Controller restarted, Trip
Cause: The Controller has restarted.
Action: Check the 24 V supply voltage.
Alarm # 212 “All settings reset by operator, Warning”
Cause: The message is displayed when the operator has restored set-
tings to default in [Set Up] [System] [Restore].
Solution: Continue the operation with the default values or re-enter new
values.
Alarm # 213 “Watchdog reset, Trip”
Cause: Internal error inside EPIC III.
Solution: See heading 9.2.3. Remedy of internal alarm messages on
page 95.
Alarm # 215 Successful program update, Trip
Cause: The message is displayed when the EPIC has restarted after
program re-load.
Action: -
Alarm # 221 “Real time clock re-initiated, Warning”
Cause: Internal error inside EPIC III or the internal backup capacitor
is discharged. Power has been down for more than 2 weeks.
Solution: Set correct time again in [Set Up] [System]. If this does not
help, see heading 9.2.3. Remedy of internal alarm messages
on page 95.
9.2.3. Remedy of internal alarm messages

When an alarm message with alarm code number #200 or higher is displayed
proceed as follows:
1. Restart EPIC III by switching off the 24 V power and turning it on
again.
2. If the same alarm message is displayed once again, replace the EPIC III
unit with a spare unit. Write down the alarm message and label the
faulty EPIC III unit with this message.
3. Contact nearest service center, see section 9.8. Warranty & Repair
Service on page 101.
Page 96
9. Trouble shooting
9.3. External alarms

External alarms are input signals to EPIC III such as, Check oil, DC-Voltage
low, etc. EPIC III gives alarm message at a certain level dependent of set-
tings in [Set Up]. It is of great importance that all inputs have been tested
during first start-up so that EPIC III gives the right alarm message for each
event.
See heading 9.2. Alarm messages list on page 92 for further information of
each alarm.
9.4. Other faults

Symptom All LEDs on the front panel are dark.
Solution Check the 24 V supply to the EPIC III.
Symptom The alarms cannot be reset from RTU.
Solution The alarm may still be active. If not check input signal with
[Field Test]. (Replace alarm contacts (indicators) if alarm
is wrongly given).
Symptom The T/R cannot be switched to “ON” from RTU.
Solution Check that all trip alarms have been reset. If the T/R still
cannot be switched to “ON”, check the main T/R contactor.
Check also that the Test mode is not active (See [Field
Test]).
Symptom The operating values in [Readings] are low and not
normal.
Probably cause A limit has a too low value for the operation.
Solution See [Operation] window and check if any Limiter is
active. Increase the parameter which limits the operation, if
it is to low.
Page 97
9. Trouble shooting
9.5. Diagnostics windows
9.5.1. [Communication stats.]
9.5.1.1. Receiver error

Displays the accumulated number of hardware detected FläktBus communi-
cation errors sensed by this unit. Errors may be caused by interference from
other electrical equipment, or by connecting or disconnecting units to the
bus.
The ideal state for a network is a stable figure. A slow increase in number is
however acceptable as maximum error rate is dependent on the current con-
figuration of the network. For example a small network containing a few
EPICs and an RTU is less sensitive to high error rate than a network using a
gateway.
In general, the error rate should be kept as low as possible. Network design
parameters such as cable routing, bus terminators, etc. considerably influ-
ence the network error rate.
9.5.1.2. CRC error

This is also an error counter that displays the accumulated number of com-
munication errors detected by the software.
9.5.1.3. Reset NIC <> 0

This figure is incriminated when a unit is logically attached to the bus. The
ideal state for a network is a stable figure.
9.5.1.4. NIC
NIC = Next in chain displays the token destination address for this node
(only used for advanced troubleshooting).
9.5.1.5. Supervisor active

The figure 1 denotes that this node is in FläktBus supervisor mode. Only one
node may be current supervisor.
Page 98
9. Trouble shooting
9.6. Test windows

The [Tests] windows assumed for trouble shooting only. There are two ways
to use the [Tests].
Test mode
The Test mode is in off position and the status of inputs and outputs can be
checked during operation.
Test mode
This mode does not change or destroy any settings.
The Test mode is activated and digital outputs can be directly controlled and
there is a possibility to run the non-volatile memory and the control circuit
(Watchdog) test. All digital outputs and LEDs can also be manually tested.
Note!
Disconnect EPIC III from network with the network switch at front of
EPIC III before activating the Test mode and connect the RTU at the
front of EPIC III.
9.6.1. Analog inputs [Test mode 1]

This window shows measured values of the analog inputs. Check that all
inputs have input signals.
Note!
These values are measured at the inputs of the screw terminal. Use a
universal meter and check that all values are OK.
Page 99
9. Trouble shooting
9.6.2. Digital Input [Test mode 2]

This window shows all digital inputs. A digital input is activated and the box
to the right of the input is filled when it receives an input signal. See section
10. Technical data on page 103 for detailed information of each input.
9.6.3. Digital and analog outputs [Test mode 3]

This window shows all digital outputs as well as the two analog outputs. The
box to the right of each output is filled when the output relay is active
(closed). When the Test mode is activated the digital outputs can be manually
controlled. By activating or deactivating the relay contact each output can be
checked and tested. Select for example one inactive output and press OK.
The output will be active and the box will be filled. See section 10. Technical
data on page 103 for detailed information of each output.
The analog outputs can be checked in a similar way, by measuring the volt-
age indicated in the window.
Note!
Before activating an output make sure that you know what you are
doing because if you activate e.g. DO01 (TR ON) the contactor will be
activated.
9.6.4. E2PROM and RAM [Test mode 4]

In this window an E2PROM and an RAM test can be performed.
Page 100
9. Trouble shooting
9.7. Program update

The company is continuously updating the EPIC III software with new fea-
tures for precipitator tuning and control. New program versions can be
loaded in this way.
Loading via RS 232 serial port - The EPIC III program can be loaded by
using a standard PC and a serial adaptor (V4 555 779) connected directly to
the controller (PCB), see figure 14. Remove the top cover from the EPIC III.
Handle the printed circuit board with care and protect it from electrostatic
discharge.
.
The controller
without top cover P4
Serial adapter
V4 555 779
CPU
Laptop
24 V AC or DC RS-232
to 1 and 13
Figure 14. Updating RS 232 serial bus
Note!
Use the program loading tool ProgCon.exe. This program can be run in
a DOS window in any of the following operating systems: OS2, Win3.x,
Win95, Win98 or Win NT. The operation is described in the ProgCon
Manual.
Page 101
9. Trouble shooting
9.8. Warranty & Repair Service
9.8.1. General
In order to make the ALSTOM Power Service electronic service as efficient
as possible, all units / components are handled according to the following
routine(s):
Field service is undertaken, either by the purchaser or by ALSTOM Power
Service local representative, from fault location down to unit level in compli-
ance with the instructions in the EPIC III manuals.
The faulty unit is then sent to ALSTOM Power Service for repair. Remember
to label the unit with the return address and invoice address and include a
brief description of the fault symptoms.
ALSTOM Power Service will return either a new or a exchanged unit that
has been fully tested and configurated according to the application. A service
report accompanies each returned unit.
ALSTOM Power Service maintains a record of all repair information on
faults for statistical analysis.
9.8.2. Warranty
Our products will continue to meet the demands of our customers for maxi-
mum quality and reliability both today and in the future.
ALSTOM Power Service electronic products carry the following warranty:
9.8.2.1. ALSTOM Power Service hardware products

The warranty for ALSTOM Power Service hardware products includes guar-
antees against defects in materials and workmanship. If notice of such
defects is received by ALSTOM Power Service during the warranty period,
ALSTOM Power Service shall elect to either repair at an Alstom location or
replace such defective hardware.
9.8.2.2. ALSTOM Power Service software products

The warranty for ALSTOM Power Service software products designated by
ALSTOM Power Service as suitable for use together with a hardware prod-
uct when properly installed covers material defects and production defects
affecting the functioning of the software. If such a defect should arise during
the warranty period ALSTOM Power Service shall elect to either repair /
make good the defect or replace the defective software. ALSTOM Power
Service does not guarantee that the operation of software, hardware or pro-
gramming is free from defects or free from operational disruptions.
Page 102
9. Trouble shooting
9.8.3. Limitation of warranty

The aforementioned warranty does not apply to defects resulting from:
• Improper or inadequate maintenance by the purchaser.
• Software furnished by the purchaser himself.
• Unauthorized modification or misuse.
• Transportation or operation outside the specifications of the product.
• Improper installation and maintenance.
9.8.4. Warranty period

The warranty period is valid for one (1) year from the date of dispatch from
ALSTOM Power Service, if nothing else has been agreed in writing. The
purchaser shall prepay freight charges (including all customs duties and
taxes) for products that are returned to ALSTOM Power Service for repair
under this warranty. ALSTOM Power Service shall pay for the return of
products to the purchaser.
9.8.5. Repair and service address:

All defective equipment / units / components should be sent to the nearest
service centre or to:
ALSTOM Power Service
Kvarnvägen
SE-352 41 Växjö
SWEDEN
Page 103
10. Technical data
10. Technical data

10.1. General
Size (W x D x H) 64 x 185 x 370 mm
Enclosure Steel casing.
Mounting holes 2 holes, 6.5 mm diam. See Appendix.
Weight: 2.2 kg
Permissible ambient +5 °C to +60 °C
operation temperature
Permissible ambient -40 °C to +85 °C
storage temperature
Fuse 1.6 A slow.
Mains requirement 24 V AC or DC ±15%
Power consumption <15VA
EMC protection
Emission EN 61000-6-4:2001
EN 55011:1998 class A
FCC part15 subpart B class A
CISPR 11:1997 class A
Immunity EN 61000-6-2:2001 industrial
ESD
EN 61000-4-2:1995+A1
8 kV air-, 4kV contact discharge
IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1
Radio frequency Electromagnetic field
EN 61000-4-3:1996 10 V/m, 80-1000MHz
IEC1000-4-3:1995+A1
Electrical fast transients (burst)
EN 61000-4-4:1995 2kV
IEC 61000-4-4:1995
Surge transients
EN 61000-4-5:1995 2kV 12Ω, 1.2/50µs
IEC 61000-4-5:1995+corr1:1995
Conducted radio frequency interference
EN 61000-4-6:1996 10Vrms, 0.15-80MHz
IEC 61000-4-6:1996+corr1:1996
Immunity to voltage dips and interruptions
EN 61000-4-11:1994 -60% 1s
IEC 61000-4-11:1994
Connections 2 screw terminals with 8 terminals in each.
2 screw terminals with 12 terminals in each
2 screw terminals with 16 terminals in each
Page 104
10. Technical data
10.2. Analog inputs

Analog signals are sampled at a high speed with a 10 bit A/D converter pre-
ceded with anti aliasing filter. Analog inputs are balanced and capable of
making measurements during disturbances of up to ±100V of common mode
signals. All inputs are protected against voltage transients.
Primary and secondary signals are sampled 32 times/half period.
NAME & descr. INPUT SIGNAL COMMENTS T#
AI1, SECCUR, 0-1 V DC, From T/ 1 V average corresponds to T/R rated 6+, 18-
Current to ESP R shunt. average secondary current.
AI2, SECVOLT, 0-400 µA DC, From 400 µA average corresponds to T/R rated 8+, 20-
Voltage at ESP series resistor. average secondary voltage.
Ri=11.2 kΩ
0-100 µA DC if Note!
jumpers R142 and Will not change the RTU-ratio window.
R144 are removed.
Ri=41.3 kΩ
AI3, PRICUR 0-1 A AC, Ri=0.5 Ω 1 A corresponds to the rated primary cur- 9, 21
Primary current From current trans- rent of the measuring transformer.
former
AI4, PRIVOLT 0-5 V AC, Ri=ca 10 5 V corresponds to the converted rated pri- 10,22
Primary line kΩ From voltage mary voltage of the measuring trans-
voltage transformer former. EPIC uses this value for phase
reference, for calculating of consumed
power and to avoid operation on too low
line voltage.
AI5, AUX 4-20 mA, Ri=124 Ω Auxiliary input for measurement of any 11+, 23-
Auxiliary input Common mode application specific variable. The use of
input resist- this input is determined by the actual
ance=400 kΩ installed program.
Page 105
10. Technical data
10.3. Analog outputs

NAME & descr. OUTPUT SIGNAL COMMENTS T#
AO1, Second- 4-20 mA A sec current of 0 mA will give an output of 4+, 16-
ary current 4 mA and a sec current equal to the rated
current (max allowed) will give an output of
20 mA.
Load 0-600Ω
AO2, Second- 4-20 mA A sec voltage of 0 kV will give an output of 5+, 17-
ary voltage 4 mA and a sec voltage equal to the rated
voltage (max allowed) will give an output
of 20 mA.
Load 0-600Ω
10.4. Digital inputs

NAME & descr. INPUT SIGNAL ACTIVE ACTIVE function/ T#
status ALARM MESSAGE
DI01, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V ** Auxiliary input for signal according 25, 41

DIGAUX3 AC, load approx. to the application.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
DI02, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V ** Auxiliary input for signal according 26, 42

DIGAUX4 AC, load approx. to the application.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
DI03, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V Gives information to EPIC 27, 43

CONT-ON AC, load approx. that the main contactor is
20 mA, floating ON. Gives alarm if NOT
optocoupler present when DO02, TR-ON
input. is active.
ALARM, CONTACTOR
ERROR, TRIP
DI04, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The T/R overtemp switch 28, 44

TR-TEMP-W AC, load approx. is activated.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler ALARM, T/R TEMP HIGH,
input. WARNING
DI05, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The T/R overtemp switch 29, 45

TR-TEMP-T AC, load approx. is activated.
20 mA, floating ALARM, T/R TEMP HIGH,
optocoupler TRIP
input.
DI06, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The oil sensor is activated. 30, 46

OIL-W AC, load approx. ALARM, T/R OIL,WARNING
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
DI07, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The oil sensor is activated. 31, 47

OIL-T AC, load approx. ALARM, T/R OIL, TRIP
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
Page 106
10. Technical data
NAME & descr. INPUT SIGNAL ACTIVE ACTIVE function/ T#

status ALARM MESSAGE
DI08, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The low voltage isolation switch is 32, 48

LVSAFETY-T AC, load approx. open.
20 mA, floating ALARM, LOW VOLTAGE
optocoupler ISOLATION SWITCH, TRIP
input.
DI09, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The high voltage safety 33, 49

HVSAFETY-T AC, load approx. breaker is open.
20 mA, floating ALARM, HIGH VOLTAGE
optocoupler SAFETY BREAKER, TRIP
input.
DI10, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V* The SCR over temperature 34, 50

SCRTEMP-T AC, load approx. switch is activated.
20 mA, floating ALARM, SCR TEMPERA-
optocoupler TURE HIGH, TRIP
input.
DI11, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V Signals I/O-group 1 in operation. 35, 51

I/O GROUP 1 AC, load approx.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.

20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.

20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
DI14, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V** Auxiliary input for signal according 38, 54

Dig AUX 1 AC, load approx. to the application.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.

20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
DI16, 24 V DC or 24 V 24V** Auxiliary input for signal according 40, 56

Dig AUX 2 AC, load approx. to the application.
20 mA, floating
optocoupler
input.
* Active status of this input can be changed at the site by selecting the
[Set up] [Alarm] RTU window.
** Active status of this input can be changed at the site by [Set up] [Inputs].
Page 107
10. Technical data
10.5. Digital outputs

NAME & descr. SIGNAL/LOAD COMMENTS T#
SCR-A Special for Alstom Ignition signal for connection to the 2, 14

SCR ignition ignition board A-SCRs ignition transformer.
SCR-B Special for Alstom Ignition signal for connection to the 3, 15

SCR ignition ignition board B-SCRs ignition transformer.
DO01, Max 50VAC/DC,1A Potential free contact, for control of an 57, 65

TR-ON or 230V AC, 0.5 A. external contactor.
DO02, Max 50VAC/DC,1A Potential free contact for control of I/O 58, 66
I/O GROUP 1 or 230V AC, 0.5 A. group 1
DO06, Max 50VAC/DC,1A Tripping relay 62 NC

Sumalarm Trip or 230V AC, 0.5 A. Potential free contact, both normally 70 NO
closed and conducting during all alarm, 63 Com-
and mains power off, conditions. mon
DO07, Max 50VAC/DC,1A Warning relay 64 NC

Sumalarm or 230V AC, 0.5 A. Potential free contact, both normally 72 NO
Warning closed and conducting during all alarm, 71 Com-
and mains power off, conditions. mon
10.6. Power supply

NAME & descr. SIGNAL/LOAD T#
Power supply 24 V AC or DC 1, 13
±15%
10.7. Communication
NAME & descr. SIGNAL/LOAD T#
FläktBus Special for Fläkt- See FläktBus installation instructions at 12, 24

communication Bus communication the end of this manual.
Page 108
10. Technical data
10.8. Front panel LEDs

NAME & descr. COMMENTS
L0, POWER Power On, 5 V internally generated
L1, ALARM Indicates during all alarm conditions. ON=tripping alarm. Flickering
lamp=warning alarm.
L2, SPARK One flickering for each detected spark
L3, TOKEN Flickering lamp during communication.
L4, TR-ON ON if input DI03 is ON.
L5, SYNC ON when AI04-PRIVOLT is present and EPIC is locked to line frequency.
L6 Spare
Page 109
11. Word list
11. Word list

FläktBus Field bus with token passing concept.
Gateway Communication protocol translator.
Network node address list A list of all nodes with name and addresses
made by ALSTOM Power
Node A node (unit) is a single addressable entity on
FläktBus
Node list A window in RTU containing all nodes con-
nected to net.
ProMo A colour graphic software package for process
control.
RTU The Remote Terminal Unit gives operators an
alpha numerical and graphical interface to ESP
parameters.
Page 110
11. Word list
Page 111
Appendices
Appendices
EPIC III settings
Mounting drawing EPIC III
Mounting drawing ignition transformer
Connection diagram, example
Declaration of conformity
FläktBus manual
Page 112
Appendices
EPIC III SETTINGS
Plant name
Unit No. ESP Date
Set up system Set Up Alarms
Date Unit: DI 04 DI 10 DIxx Normal Alarm
Time Address DI 05 = 0V 24V
Name DI 06 = 24V 0V
Program version: Master DI 07
Address limits: DI 08
Low High DI 09
MODE SETTINGS
PARAMETERS UNITS MODE 1 MODE 2 MODE 3 MODE 4 MODE 5 MODE 6
Volt. peak lim kV
Current limit mA
Charge ratio -:-
EPOQ On/Off
Rapp intensity
Rapp all On/Off
Spark rate lim spm
Current step %
Short quenching pls
Quench mod.
Opac. controlled On/Off
Spark settings/levels Config I/O groups
Slope: Method Name: Type: Mode: DI / DO
Rise A % Arc det.level < kV 11 02
Rise B + % Arc quenching pls 12 03
Rice C First ign.angle % 13 04
Time A % 15 05
Time B + % Loop gain %
Spark sens kV/ms Level %
Set Up T/R Limit Set up Timer 1-6
Pr.curr.limit rms: Voltage limit ave: Start Repet. Run time Coupl.
Trip A Low warning kV (d:hh:mm:ss) (d:hh:mm) (hh:mm:ss)
Low trip kV T1
High trip kV T2
Ign.ang.limit % T3
T4
T5
Idle cur.limit mA Av.Curr max mA T6
Set up T/R Ratio Set up Power Ctrl
Ratio for: Timer 1 mA
Line volt. xformer V = 5V Timer 2 mA
Prim.curr. xformer A = 1A Timer 3 mA
Sec. volt. ser.res kV = 0.4 mA Timer 4 mA
Sec. curr. shunt mA = 1 V Timer 5 mA
Prim.curr. adjustm 0-20 Timer 6 mA
Set up inputs I/O Group connection
DI: Name: Type: Norm. closed:
14 Connect I/O -group 1 to Timer
Used node numbers: Set up ESP
EPIC III Position:
Master unit (MU) Field/Cell
RTU Collector area m²
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
Intentionelly blank
FläktBus
Process I/O bus
Based on the token passing concept.
Installation Instructions
Doc no V4555604/ 95-06-20

FläktBus-Process I/O bus
ALSTOM Power reserves the right to revise any publication and to make changes to its contents, at
any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision or changes, further, ALSTOM
Power reserves the right to make improvements and changes to any and all parts of hardware and
software, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such changes.
General
The FläktBus is a general I/O communication bus for ALSTOM Power process
control systems.
This installation instruction is general for all applications of the FläktBus. For
specific application instructions please refer to the specific unit manual.
IMPORTANT
The guarantee of undisturbedFläktBus operation is valid only if all points in this
installation instruction are followed.
Installation requirements
There are a few simple rules for configuring (installation of) FläktBus;
They are all derived from certain limits that are imposed on the physical channel
to ensure optimum performance of the network.
Bus cable
As bus cable, an unshielded twisted pair cable of 80 to 150 ohms characteristic
impedance is used. An unshielded cable is used because the use of shielding will
cause degeneration of signal level and appearance at longer distances due to higher
attenuation.
The twisted pair is the lowest cost option for medium size local area networks.
A balanced twisted pair circuit is less susceptible to noise ingress from environment
and generates less radiated energy.
Minimum conductor area is 0.5 mm2 AVG 20 to fit into the type of terminals used
by ALSTOM Power.
Approved cables
The following cables are tested and fulfils the requirements for use in a FläktBus
network:
LiYY,2 * 0.5mm2
RKKB, 2 * 0.5 mm2
Belden 8442, 2 * 0.76 mm2
(Belden 8444, 4 * 0.76 mm2 , connect the unused pair to ground
at one end point)
SHINAGAWA ELECTRIC, AWM STYLE 2868, 20 AWG/2
Radox 125, 2 * 0.75 mm2 (Huber & Suhner, CH)
IMPORTANT
Use exactly the same type and dimension of cable throughout the whole
installation, even in short distances such as from terminal to connector.
Different cable types will give reflections of pulses and thereby loss of
information.
2 Doc no V4555604 / 1995-06-20

Cable length
Maximum of total cable length allowed in a single network, including connection
taps, is 1000 m. If longer cables are required please contact ALSTOM Power,
Dept. ME for latest available information about expansions.
Taps should be as short as possible, preferably less than 0.4 m. FläktBus allows up
to 115 taps of maximum 2 m, 3 taps up to 10 m and 2 taps up to 30 m.
Connection
The cable is connected to all units by screw terminals.
Termination
The bus must be terminated with 120 ohms at both ends, at which point transmitted
signals stop. Termination is very important also for short bus cable lengths. It is of
the greatest importance to install the terminating resistors at the two furthest points
of the bus, encompassing the longest distance of the bus trunk cable which may be
placed at the end of a longer tap.
} 0,4 m
Termination
120 Ω
Termination
120 Ω
Example of termination position
Node requirements and connection

Up to 120 nodes can be tapped on to the bus cable. There is no requirement for
minimum distance between nodes. A node is a single addressable entity on
FläktBus. Each node shall have a unique address on the bus between 5 and 125.
# Addresses 1 to 4 and 126 to 127 are reserved for service equipment.

# Two nodes with the same address will not cause the communication to cease
for the other nodes connected to the bus, but lower the performance of the
system as a whole. It will not be possible to establish communication with two
nodes with same address.
# Operation is not interrupted during installation or removal of nodes
unless the cable is cut.
# Nodes are automatically included/disconnected when installed or at
failure.
# A node can be powered off without interrupting network operation.
Doc no V4555604 / 1995-06-20 3

Protection from noise

Try to separate the FläktBus cable as much as possible from high voltage cables,
motors etc. surrounded by high electromagnet fields. Even though FläktBus is
tolerant to different types of noise, increasing noise will cause performance to
decrease.
FläktBus impedance test before start-up

It is important to measure the impedance of the bus installation before it's put into
operation. Follow the instructions below:
1. Disconnect all EPIC, SIR, MTU and RTU from the FläktBus network eg.
unplug connector 17-32 on all EPICs and unplug the cable to all RTUs.
2. Disconnect the termination resistors.
3. Measure the wire resistance while shorting the two conductors in the far opposite
end. The resistance should be R<L x 0.1 [ohm]. L= cable length in meters.
4. Measure the insulation resistance with an ohm meter* at no load.

The resistance should be R> 100k ohm.
5. Reconnect termination resistors and plug in EPIC, RTU etc..
Make sure that all connectors are pulled tightly to ensure good connections.
* Do not use Megger type of insulation tester.
4 Doc no V4555604 / 1995-06-20

v1 r4 V5200227-EN
ABCD
ALSTOM Power Service - Box 1233, SE-351 12 Växjö
Tel.: +46 (0) 470-76 20 00 - www.environmental.powerservice.alstom.com

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EPIC III Fläktbus

Operator´s Manual and Installation Instructions

7. Function descriptions .................................... 39

EFFIC Fabric Filter Control EFFIC Fabric Filter Control

POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER POWER

SPARK SPARK SPARK SPARK SPARK SPARK

TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN TOKEN

TRON TRON TRON TRON TRON TRON

SYNC SYNC SYNC SYNC SYNC SYNC

RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU

1.2. EPIC III controller

•Analogue outputs (kV, mA)

•Real Time Clock (capacitor backed, no battery

•Field Bus Communication (FläktBus) for com-

1.2.1. Front panel

POWER Power from the +5 V power supply unit is OK

TRON T/R ON Indicates if the main contactor and T/R is ON.

RTU connector Service connector with power and FläktBus

RTU for one RTU used at first start-up and during

2. The EPIC menu system

Operation Readings Alarm Master

Process Set Up Menu Diagnostics

Mode 4 I/O Groups

Figure 1. Explanation of EPIC III window structure

2.1.2. [Active Settings]

2.2.1. [Prim. readings]

2.2.2. [Sec. readings]

2.2.3. [Readings sparks]

2.3. [Alarm Table]

2.3.1. [Alarm Table 1-5]

The Opacity Optimizing command activates or deactivates the Opacity

In addition, this window shows the total power consumption.

2.4.2. [Opacity optim.]

2.5. [Process settings]

2.5.1. [Settings Mode #]

2.5.2. [Spark settings]

Three more parameters concerning sparks are available in each operation

2.5.3. [Spark levels]

2.6. [Set Up Menu]

2.6.1.1. [Set up T/R Limit]

2.6.1.2. [Set up T/R Ratio]

2.6.2. [Set up system]

2.6.2.1. [Copy settings]

2.6.3. [Set Up Alarms]

2.6.4. [Set up I/O Groups]

2.6.4.1. [Group configuration]

2.6.4.2. [Timers 1-3], [Timers 4-6]

2.6.4.3. [Power control]

The EPOQ function contains the following three RTU windows:

2.10.0.1. [VI Curve]

2.10.0.2. [VI-Curve Graph]

2.11.1. [Communication stats.]

2.13. [Save settings]

3.2. Assembly rules

4. First start up (including initial set up)

4.1. General instructions

4.2. Initial checks to avoid damage

4.3. Power up self test

4.4. Set up of configuration parameters

Only used if this unit is

Select “Date”. Set actual day, month and year.

Shortly after pressing OK an error message is displayed.

4.4.2. [Set Up] [T/R]: defining the T/R and ESP