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Respiratory transmission
Respiratory transmission
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Cryptococcus neoformans Pigeon droppings
Mucor
Pneumocystis jirovecii Unicellular fungi found in the
respiratory tracts of many mammals
and humans
MORPHOLOGY CLINICAL SYNDROME
“Spaghetti and meat balls” Tinea/Pityriasis versicolor - a common, benign,
Dimorphic, lipophilic fungi superficial cutaneous fungal infection usually
characterized by hypopigmented or hyperpigmented
macules and patches on the chest and the back. In
patients with a predisposition, tinea versicolor may
chronically recur. The fungal infection is localized to
the stratum corneum.
Dermatophytosis
Tinea corporis (body): “ringworm”
Tinea cruRis (groin): “jock itch”
Tinea pedis (feet): “athlete’s foot”
Tinea capitis (scalp)
Tinea unguium (nail): Onychomycosis
Dimorphic : Histoplasmosis
Dimorphic: Blastomycosis
Esophageal
Disseminated candidiasis: acquired by very sick
hospitalized patients, resulting in multi-organ system
failure
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Branching septated hyphae Aspergillosis
(acute angles, 45O) Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (IgE
mediated): asthma type asthma type reaction with
shortness of breath and high fever
Pulmonary mucormycosis
The organism is found in 3 PJP – Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia occurs when
distinct morphologic stages, as both cellular immunity and humoral immunity are
follows: defective.
The trophozoite (trophic form),
in which it often exists in clusters Once inhaled, the trophic form of Pneumocystis
The sporozoite (precystic form) organisms attach to the alveoli. Multiple host
The cyst, which contains several immune defects allow for uncontrolled replication of
intracystic bodies (spores) Pneumocystis organisms and development of illness.
Activated alveolar macrophages without CD4+ cells
are unable to eradicate Pneumocystis organisms.
Increased alveolar-capillary permeability is visible on
electron microscopy.
TREATMENT DIAGNOSIS
Dandruff shampoo (containing Potassium hydroxide (KOH) prep: reveals short,
selenium sulfide) curved, unbranched hyphae with spherical yeast
cells ( look like “spaghetti and meatballs”)
Itraconazole Dimorphic
Fluconazole Culture at 25ºC will grow branching hyphae
Oral potassium iodide Culture at 37ºC will grow yeast cells
MCC of meningoencephalitis in
HIV