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BEF35803
ELECTRIC DRIVES
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Transformer and Uncontrolled Rectifier Control
3. Controlled Rectifier FED DC Drives
4. Single-Phase Fully-Controlled Rectifier Control
5. Single-Phase Half-Controlled Rectifier Control
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
• Variable voltage control can be achieved by:
• Autotransformer/ transformer with tapings with
uncontrolled rectifier.
• Controlled rectifier (thyristors) with fixed DC
source.
• A reactor is connected in the armature circuit to
improve armature current waveform.
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
• Autotransformer – power rating.
• Transformer with tapings – for high power rating,
meanwhile the tap changer to avoid voltage transient
surge.
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
The important features of this scheme are,
a. Output voltage – in steps change.
b. Source current – good power factor and current
harmonic does not increase abnormally.
c. Regeneration – not capable due to diode bridge
limitation.
Controlled Rectifier FED DC
Drives
• Controlled rectifiers are used to get variable DC
voltage from an AC source of fixed voltage.
• Figure 5.25 shows commonly used controlled
rectifier circuits and quadrants in which they can
operate on Va-Ia plane.
• Thyristors – capable of conducting current only in
one direction.
• Rectifiers – providing current only in one direction.
Controlled Rectifier FED DC
Drives
• Single-phase = low power (up to 10kW), except for traction.
• Three-phase = high power application.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Figure 5.26 shows the equivalent drive circuit.
• When field control is required, field is fed from a
controlled rectifier, otherwise from an uncontrolled
rectifier.
• The AC input Vs is defined by
v s t Vm sin t
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• The single-phase fully-controlled rectifier-fed
circuit with equivalent DC separately Excited DC
motor.
• Continuous and discontinuous conductions
operation.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Discontinuous conduction operation – when
armature current does not flows continuously.
• Continuous conduction operation – when armature
current flows continuously.
• When the drive system under consideration –
predominantly operates in discontinuous.
• Figure 5.26
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Discontinuous conduction operation.
• Current starts flowing when thyristors are turn-
on, T1 and T3 at t = .
• Motor gets connected to the source and the
terminal voltage equal to vs.
• The current flows against induced voltage E and
terminal voltage vs after t = and it falls to
zero at .
• When thyristors are turn-off, E equals to vs.
• The firing angle are operated accordingly.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Continuous conduction operation.
• A positive current flows through the motor, T2
and T4 in conduction just before .
• T1 and T3 turn-on at .
• The firing angle are operated accordingly.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Continuous conduction operation.
• Fig. 5.26 is referred.
• Voltage across motor Va is expressed by
1 2Vm
Va V m sin t d t cos