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DC Motor Drives (Rectifier

Control)
BEF35803
ELECTRIC DRIVES
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Transformer and Uncontrolled Rectifier Control
3. Controlled Rectifier FED DC Drives
4. Single-Phase Fully-Controlled Rectifier Control
5. Single-Phase Half-Controlled Rectifier Control
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
• Variable voltage control can be achieved by:
• Autotransformer/ transformer with tapings with
uncontrolled rectifier.
• Controlled rectifier (thyristors) with fixed DC
source.
• A reactor is connected in the armature circuit to
improve armature current waveform.
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
• Autotransformer – power rating.
• Transformer with tapings – for high power rating,
meanwhile the tap changer to avoid voltage transient
surge.
Transformer and Uncontrolled
Rectifier Control
The important features of this scheme are,
a. Output voltage – in steps change.
b. Source current – good power factor and current
harmonic does not increase abnormally.
c. Regeneration – not capable due to diode bridge
limitation.
Controlled Rectifier FED DC
Drives
• Controlled rectifiers are used to get variable DC
voltage from an AC source of fixed voltage.
• Figure 5.25 shows commonly used controlled
rectifier circuits and quadrants in which they can
operate on Va-Ia plane.
• Thyristors – capable of conducting current only in
one direction.
• Rectifiers – providing current only in one direction.
Controlled Rectifier FED DC
Drives
• Single-phase = low power (up to 10kW), except for traction.
• Three-phase = high power application.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Figure 5.26 shows the equivalent drive circuit.
• When field control is required, field is fed from a
controlled rectifier, otherwise from an uncontrolled
rectifier.
• The AC input Vs is defined by

v s t   Vm sin t
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• The single-phase fully-controlled rectifier-fed
circuit with equivalent DC separately Excited DC
motor.
• Continuous and discontinuous conductions
operation.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Discontinuous conduction operation – when
armature current does not flows continuously.
• Continuous conduction operation – when armature
current flows continuously.
• When the drive system under consideration –
predominantly operates in discontinuous.
• Figure 5.26
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Discontinuous conduction operation.
• Current starts flowing when thyristors are turn-
on, T1 and T3 at t = .
• Motor gets connected to the source and the
terminal voltage equal to vs.
• The current flows against induced voltage E and
terminal voltage vs after t =  and it falls to
zero at .
• When thyristors are turn-off, E equals to vs.
• The firing angle are operated accordingly.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Continuous conduction operation.
• A positive current flows through the motor, T2
and T4 in conduction just before .
• T1 and T3 turn-on at .
• The firing angle are operated accordingly.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Continuous conduction operation.
• Fig. 5.26 is referred.
• Voltage across motor Va is expressed by
 
1 2Vm
Va   V m sin t d t   cos 
 

• Motor speed m is expressed by


2Vm Ra
m  cos   2 T
K K
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Continuous conduction operation.
• No load operation when Ia=0; (T1,T3) and (T2,T4)
fail to fire. This happens when E >Vs.
• Thus when </2, E should be greater than or
equal to Vm and when >/2, E should be
greater than or equal to Vm sin t.
• No load speed m0 is expressed by
Vm
 m0  , for 0  α  π/2
K
Vm sin 
 , for π/2  α  π
K
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Continuous conduction operation.
• Maximum average terminal voltage (2Vm/)
must be equal to the rated motor voltage.
• Boundary between continuous and
discontinuous conductions are shown in Fig.
5.27.
• For torque less than rated value, a low power
drive is mainly operates in discontinuous.
• Effect of discontinuous conduction is to make
speed regulation is poor.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Continuous conduction operation.
• In continuous, for a given , any increase in
torque cause m and E to drop so that Ia and T
can increase.
• Average terminal voltage Va remains constant.
• In discontinuous, any increase in torque and
accompanied increase in Ia cause  to increase
and Va to drop. Consequently speed drops
drastically.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• .
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• The drive operates in quadrant I (forward
motoring) and IV (reverse regenerative braking).
• During continuous – DC output voltage of rectifier
varies with .
• Quadrant I – m is positive and   90 and
polarities of Va and E are positive, Fig. 5.28. For
positive Ia, rectifier will deliver power and the
motor consume it, thus giving forward motoring.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• Quadrant II – E has reversed due to reversal of wm.
Since Ia is still in same direction, machine is
working as a generator producing braking torque.
• This operation of rectifier is called inversion and
the rectifier is said to operate as an inverter.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• .
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
Example 5.13
A 200 V, 875 rpm, 150 A separately excited DC motor has
an armature resistance of 0.06. It is fed from a single
phase fully-controlled rectifier with an AC source of 220
V, 50 Hz. Assuming continuous conduction, calculate,
i. Firing angle for rated motor torque and 750 rpm.
ii. Firing angle for rated motor torque and (-500)
rpm.
iii. Motor speed for  = 160 and rated torque.
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• .
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• .
Single-Phase Fully-Controlled
Rectifier Control
• .
Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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Single-Phase Half-Controlled
Rectifier Control
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