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Centro de
SIMPOSIO “Realidad Nacional del Cambio Climático y sus Estudios
Perspectivas Futuras” Científicos,
Dirección Meteorológica de Chile, Santiago, 25 Marzo 2009 Valdivia
GLIMS
IPCC, 2001
Antarctica: 13,586,400 km2; Greenland 1,736,095 km2; Canadian Arctic islands: 151,057 km2;
Central Asia: 114,800 km2; North America 76,880 km2; South America 29,347 km2 (Chile 75%
= 22,000 km2) ; Europe: 5,759 km2; Africa: 10 km2
IPCC, 2007
30 YEARS
10 METERS
Glacier
Mass
Balance
National
Geographic,
2007
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHYC
13.5 million km2 (10% of the Earth) - 98% covered by ice
Antarctica,
70% of the Earth´s fresh water - 91% of the ice on Earth
the seventh
Stores 55 m of sea level - 2000 m average ice thickness
continent...
>4500 m ice at some places - Ice velocities 10-2500 m/a
NASA/SVS
The Antarctic Ice Sheet
Antarctica
without ice
“The Weak
Underbelly”
Source: R. Bindschadler, NASA/GSFC
Faraday/Vernadsky
BAS
Turner et al., 2006. Science 113. 1914 – 1916
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
74
77
80
83
86
89
92
95
98
01
33°S
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
Cumulative mass balance (DGA, 2004)
Casassa et al., 2004
1945
VOLCAN VILLARRICA
2847 m
1936 m
1418 m
1410 m
CORRE
1 2 3 4 Km2
1961
SUPERFICIE PERDIDA
PERIODO 1945/61
3,4 Km2
VOLCAN VILLARRICA
2847 m
1936 m
1418 m
1410 m
CORRE
1 2 3 4 Km2
1983
SUPERFICIE PERDIDA
PERIODO 1961/83
0,4 Km2
VOLCAN VILLARRICA
2847 m
1936 m
1418 m
1410 m
CORRE
1 2 3 4 Km2
1987
SUPERFICIE PERDIDA
PERIODO 1983/87
0,2 Km2
VOLCAN VILLARRICA
2847 m
1936 m
1418 m
1410 m
CORRE
1 2 3 4 Km2
1998
SUPERFICIE PERDIDA
PERIODO 1987/98
0,5 Km2
VOLCAN VILLARRICA
2847 m
1936 m
1418 m
1410 m
CORRE
1 2 3 4 Km2
2003
SUPERFICIE PERDIDA
PERIODO 1998/2003
1,0 Km2
VOLCAN VILLARRICA
2847 m
1936 m
1418 m
1410 m
CORRE
Glaciar O’Higgins
Campo de Hielo Sur
Glaciar O’Higgins
Campo de Hielo Sur
GLACIAR O’HIGGINS
GLACIAL LAKE
OUTBURST FLOODS
(GLOFs)
= JÖKULHLAUPS
Precipitación
Evaporación
Correntías
CONCLUSIONES (1)