ELEMENTS OF HUMAN FACTOR TEST

Time allowed 90 minutes

Objective questions

1. The major concern of international civil aviation organization is:

a. Health
b. Safety
c. Aircraft

2. Human factor issues are difficult to deal with because it involves:

a. Machines
b. Software
c. Humans

3. A. Maintenance errors are not inherent in a person.

B. Human beings are born to make mistakes.
a. A is true
b. B is true
c. Both A and B are true

4. What are the two main mechanisms of safety and reliability?

a. Documentation system and quality system
b. Planning system and maintenance system
c. Reliability system and maintenance system

5. Which mechanism specifies the required procedure for carrying out work?
a. Maintenance system
b. Documentation system
c. Quality system

6. The system that seeks to ensure that work is done to the highest possible
standard is:
a. Maintenance system
b. Documentation system
c. Quality system

7. Why is good vision necessary in engineering?

a. To avoid making mistakes
b. To avoid missing inspection defect
c. To avoid using the wrong part number
8. Minor defect in vision can be rectified by the wearing of spectacles:
a. in old age
b. in middle age
c. in early age

9. The place in the brain where information from both eyes is interpreted is known
as:
a. Cornea
b. Retainer
c. Visual cortex

10. Anything that needs to be examined properly is brought to focus in the:

a. Retina
b. Fovea
c. Peripheral vision rods

11. What is the meaning of visual acuity of 6/9?

a. that one at 6 meters can read a large letter intended for a person of
normal eye sight at 9 meters
b. that one at 9 meters can read a large letter intended for a person of normal
eye sight at 6 meters
c. that one read any letter at the range of 6 to 9 meters

12. Hypermetropia is another name for:

a. short sightedness
b. medium sightedness
c. long sightedness

13. What must a person who is shortsighted do for a close up work?

a. Put on his glasses
b. Remove his glasses
c. Use torch light

14. One of these factors will NOT affect a person’s clarity of Vision:
a. the amount of light available
b. the size and contour of object
c. the internal structure of the object

15. The lack of one or more spectral colour sensation of the eye is known as:
a. Binocular vision
b. Colour blindness
c. Monocular vision
16. One of these is NOT a contributing factor to maintenance error
a. Exploitation of aircraft
b. Incorrect removal and installation of components
c. Maintenance and inspection policy

17. That anything that can go wrong, will go wrong is:

a. Hooke’s Law
b. Newton’ Law
c. Murphy’s Law

18. When there is general agreement that a person would have done other than
what they did is:
a. General Error
b. Maintenance Error
c. Human Error

19. Action or inaction by a mechanic/engineer that leads to problem on the aircraft is

a. General Error
b. Maintenance Error
c. Human Error

20. Example(s) of human error in aircraft maintenance could be:

a. Electrical wiring discrepancies
b. Loose object left in aircraft
c. All of the above

21. An error in executing the steps of a task is called:

a. Slip
b. Lapse
c. Mistake

22. An error in retrieving information about a task is called:

a. Slip
b. Lapse
c. Mistake

23. An error in planning a task is a called:

a. Slip
b. Lapse
c. Mistake
24. One of these could be an error contributing factor in aircraft Maintenance:
a. In flight shut down
b. Equipment damage
c. Poor hand over report

25. One of these is NOT an error contributing factor in aircraft maintenance

a. Lack of Skill
b. Miscalibrated tool
c. Incorrect troubleshooting

26. Other NON contributing factors to maintenance error could be:

a. Mechanic, Immediate Environment, Supervision and organization
b. Time pressure, Tasks, Maintenance manual and OJT
c. diversion, in-flight shutdown, self up bring and flight cancellation

27. The three phases in learning a skill are:

a. Cognitive, automatic and intermittent.
b. Cognitive, associative and cooperative
c. Automatic, Cognitive and associative

28. One of these is NOT among the three learning phases:

a. Cooperative
b. Cognitive
c. Associative

29. Which one of these helps us to perform a task automatically?

a. Working Memory
b. Long term Memory
c. Motor Programs

30. The environmental factors which could affect information processing are:
a. Noise, Temperature, light
b. Pressure of work and humidity
c. All of the above

31. If normal speech cannot be heard clearly at a distance of 2 metres, the level of
the noise is likely to be around:
a. 85 db
b. 85 m/s
c. 85 Ohms
32. The longest lasting memory is:
a. Echoic memory
b. Semantic Memory
c. Episodic Memory

33. In which of these long term memories can information be lost with amnesia?
a. Echoic memory
b. Semantic memory
c. Episodic memory

34. In which of these long term memories is information never lost even with
amnesia?
a. Echoic memory
b. Semantic memory
c. Episodic memory

35. Which of the following common medicines may NOT impair work performance
when used?
a. Sleeping tablets, Tranquilizers, Pep pills
b. Antibiotic and Anti-histamine
c. Anti- Malaria tablets

36. We need sleep so that our body can recuperate from:

a. Physical and mental duty
b. Physical and organizational duty
c. Mental and learning duty

37. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep:

a. Refreshes the body
b. Refreshes the brain
c. Stabilizes the stomach acid

38. Sleep walking is one of the characteristics of:

a. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
b. Orthodox sleep
c. Paradoxical Sleep

39. An inability to stop falling asleep even when in sleep credit is called:
a. Apnoea
b. Narcolepsy
c. Insomnia
40. One of these is NOT the causes of fatigue
a. Lack of restful sleep
b. Lack of physical or mental fitness
c. Less work load

41. One of these is NOT the symptom of fatigue

a. Lack of awareness
b. Diminished motor skill
c. Desynchronization of the body cycle (jet lag)

42. Lack of food can cause:

a. Long term fatigue
b. Short term fatigue
c. Problem at work

43. A. One of the major contributing factors to our functioning is stress.

B. Food and stress are our bodies’ source of energy.
a. Both are not correct
b. Both are correct
c. Only A is correct

44. According to our handout, which is the correct definition of stress?

a. Stress is the accumulation of fatigue
b. Stress is the resistance to workload
c. Stress is our body’s everyday reaction to events in our life

45. The popping sensation usually felt during climbing and descending in an aircraft
is due to:
a. Even pressure being equalized between the outer and middle ear
b. Uneven pressure being equalized between the outer and middle ear
c. Uneven pressure being equalized between the outer and inner ear

46. Things that affect human performance are called:

a. internal factor
b. external factor
c. contributing factors

47. One of these is NOT the characteristic of a good engineer

a. sound knowledge of his job
b. Skills
c. Time pressure
48. The two components of Error management include:
a. Error reduction and Error containment
b. Error evaluation and Error Control
c. Error Inspection and Troubleshooting

49. Error Management does NOT includes:

a. Measures to maximize the error liability of the individual or team
b. Measures to reduce the error vulnerability of particular task or task element
c. Measures to enhance error detection

50. Performance improves as temperature:

a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remain constant

51. Human factor is a term often used synonymously with:

a. Biometrics and physiology
b. Anthropometric
c. Ergonomics

52. What is the objective of SHELL Model?

a. to prevent maintenance error
b. to optimize the relationships in the model
c. to Stress the importance of human factor

53. What is the purpose of MORs?

a. to punish the offender
b. to bring safety related issues to NCAA
c. is an Error defense Mechanism

54. An ability to receive criticism is one the criteria for assessing:

a. ones assertiveness
b. ones complacency
c. ones awareness

55. Mild disorientation is one of the symptoms of:

a. stress
b. fatigue
c. sleep deprivation

56. Gastrointestinal problems are complaints associated with:

a. Fatigue
b. Alcohol
c. Shift work
57. Which airworthiness notice provides guidance regarding the use of Alcohol and
drugs?
a. 45
b. 43
c. 47

58. Which ICAO annex specified requirement regarding age, knowledge, experience,
skill and medical fitness of license applicant?
a. Annex 10
b. Annex 1
c. Annex 145

59. Why is shift work difficult with age?

a. because of the stress involved
b. because it is difficult to reprogram the body clock
c. because light demand with age increases

60. One of the simplest way of preventing stress is:

a. getting good job
b. getting your priority right
c. to be positive always

Essay questions
1. Define communication and what are the kinds of skill involve in communication?

2. List and explain briefly the steps in active communication.

3. Explain why work logging and recording is one most critical aspects of aviation
maintenance. What do you understand by stage sheet?

4. What is the goal of shift handover and why is written and verbal briefing
important?

5. To prevent aircraft incident or accident, what are the defenses any organization
must put in place?