WORKED OUT EXAMPLE FOR

GANTRY GIRDER
Example:
Design a simply supported gantry girder to carry electric overhead
travelling crane, given:
Span of gantry girder = 6 m
Span of crane girder = 15 m
Crane capacity = 200 kN
Self weight of trolley, hook, electric motor etc. = 40 kN
Self weight of crane girder excluding trolley = 200 kN
Minimum hook approach = 1.0 m
Distance between wheels = 3 m
Self weight of rails = 0.2 kN/m
Solution:

Maximum moment due to vertical force

Weight of trolley + lifted load = 40 + 200 = 240 kN
Self weight of crane girder = 200 kN
For maximum reaction on gantry girder, the moving load should be
as close the gantry as possible.
Figure below shows the load position
 240×14 200
𝑅𝐴 = + = 324 kN
15 2

This load is transferred to gantry girder, through two wheels, the

wheel base being 3 m.

So load on gantry girder from each wheel = 324/2 = 162 kN

Factored wheel load = 162 × 1.5 = 243 kN

Maximum moments due to moving loads occur under a wheel

when the c.g. of wheel load and the wheel are equidistant from
the centre of girder. This is shown in figure:
 243×(3−1.5−0.75)+243×(3+0.75)
𝑅𝐷 = = 182.25 kN
6

Max. moment ME = 182.25 × 2.25 = 410 kN-m

Moment due to impact = 0.25 × 410 = 102.5 kN-m

Assume self weight of girder = 2 kN/m

Dead load due to self weight + rails = 2 + 0.2 = 2.2 kN/m

Factored DL = 2.2 × 1.5 = 3.3 kN/m

Moment due to DL = 3.3 × 62/8 = 14.85 kN-m

Factored moment due to all vertical loads,

Mz = 410 + 102.5 + 14.85 = 527.35 kN-m
Maximum moment due to lateral force
Horizontal force transferred to rails = 10% of weight of
trolley plus load lifted = (10/100) × (200 + 40) = 24 kN

This is distributed over 4 wheels.

So, horizontal force on each wheel = 24/4 = 6 kN

Factored horizontal force on each wheel = 1.5 × 6 = 9 kN

For maximum moment in gantry girder the position of loads is

same as earlier except that it is horizontal. Hence by
proportioning we get,

My = (9/243) × 410 = 15.18 kN-m

 Shear force

For maximum shear force on the girder, the trailing wheel

should be just on the girder as shown in figure below

Vertical shear due to wheel loads = 243 + (243 × 3)/6 = 364.5 kN

Vertical shear due to impact = 0.25 × 364.5 = 91.125 kN

Vertical shear due to self weight = (3.3 × 6)/2 = 9.9 kN

Total vertical shear = 364.5 + 91.125 + 9.9 = 465.52 kN

By proportioning lateral shear due to surge = (9/243) × 465.52

= 17.24 kN
Preliminary Section

Minimum economic depth, L/12 = 6000/12 = 500 mm

Width of the compression flange may be taken as (1/40) to

(1/30)th of the span

So, flange width can be taken, L/40 = 6000/40 = 150 mm to L/30

= 6000/30 = 200 mm

Required Zp = 1.4 × M/fy = 1.4 × 527.35 × 106/250 = 2953.16 ×

103 mm3

Let us try a ISMB 550 with ISMC 250 on compression flange.

SLAB BASE
 Column Base
• A column base consist of a column, a base plate and an
anchoring assembly.

• The column base is usually supported by either a concrete slab

or a sub-structure (e.g. a piled foundation)

• The main function of column base is to transfer the loads from

column to its foundation blocks.

• The column base spreads the load on wider area so that the
intensity of bearing pressure on the foundation block is within
the bearing strength.
 Types of column bases

1. Slab base
2. Gusseted base
 Slab base
• A slab base consists of a thick steel base plate placed
over a concrete base & connected to it through bolts.

• The base plate may either be welded to the stanchion or

else may be joined to the column through cleat angle.

• Slab bases are most suitable and economical for lightly

loaded column only.

• The design of column base plates requires consideration

of bearing pressure on the supporting material and
bending of the plate.
 Theoretical Considerations

It is assumed that the maximum bending moment occurs at

the edge of the column. As the slab base tends to bend
simultaneously about its two principal axes, the stress caused
by bending about one axis is influenced by the stress due to
bending about the other axis.
 Theoretical Considerations
Taking 1 unit length strip of slab
projection along xx-axis
𝑎
Maximum B.M. = 𝑤 × 1 × 𝑎 ×
2
𝑤𝑎2
= …..(1)
2
w is the intensity of bearing pressure
from concrete below the base plate.

Taking 1 unit length strip of slab projection along yy-axis

𝑏
Maximum B.M. = 𝑤 × 1 × 𝑏 ×
2
𝑤𝑏2
= ..……(2)
2
 Theoretical Considerations
If poison ratio (μ) is adopted as 0.3
𝑤𝑎2 𝑤𝑏2
The effective moment along xx-axis = − 0.3
2 2
𝑤
= 𝑎2 − 0.3𝑏 2 ….. (3)
2
The moment capacity of plate is,
𝑀𝑝 = 1.2𝑓𝑦 𝑍𝑒
Where 𝑍𝑒 = elastic section modulus of the base plate.
𝑡2
=1×
6
𝑡 = thickness of the base plate.
𝑡2 𝑡2
∴ 𝑀𝑝 = 1.2 × 𝑓𝑦 × 1 × = 1.2𝑓𝑦 ……(4)
6 6
 Theoretical Considerations
From Eqs. (3) and (4) we get,
𝑡2 𝑤 2
1.2𝑓𝑦 = 𝑎 − 0.3𝑏 2
6 2
Applying partial safety factor,
𝑓𝑦 𝑡 2 𝑤 2
1.2 = 𝑎 − 0.3𝑏 2
𝛾𝑚0 6 2
2 2 2 𝛾𝑚0
or 𝑡 = 2.5𝑤 𝑎 − 0.3𝑏
𝑓𝑦

𝛾𝑚0
Or 𝑡= 2.5𝑤 𝑎2 − 0.3𝑏 2
𝑓𝑦
 Steps for the design of slab base
Step-1: Assume a suitable grade of concrete. Considering
uniform stress at the bottom of plate, the bearing strength of
concrete is determined as 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 .

Step-2: The area of a slab base may be computed by

𝑃
𝐴=
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘

Where P is the factored axial load on column.

Step-3: Select the size of base plate. For economy as far as
possible keep the projections a and b equal.
 Design procedure of slab base

Step-4: The intensity of pressure w, from the concrete pedestal

is determined by
𝑃
𝑤=
Area of base plate provided
Step-5: The minimum thickness required as per cl. 7.4.3.1 IS
800:2007
𝛾𝑚0
𝑡= 2.5𝑤 𝑎2 − 0.3𝑏 2 > 𝑡𝑓
𝑓𝑦
Where, 𝑡𝑓 = flange thickness of compression member
 Design procedure of slab base

Step-6: Provide nominal two or four 20-mm holding down

bolts.
Step-7: Check the weld length connecting the base plate with
the column (this check is required only for fillet welds)
DESIGN OF SLAB BASE
 Steps for the design of slab base
Step-1: Assume a suitable grade of concrete. Considering
uniform stress at the bottom of plate, the bearing strength of
concrete is determined as 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 .

Step-2: The area of a slab base may be computed by

𝑃
𝐴=
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘

Where P is the factored axial load on column.

Step-3: Select the size of base plate. For economy as far as
possible keep the projections a and b equal.
 Design procedure of slab base

Step-4: The intensity of pressure w, from the concrete pedestal

is determined by
𝑃
𝑤=
Area of base plate provided
Step-5: The minimum thickness required as per cl. 7.4.3.1 IS
800:2007
𝛾𝑚0
𝑡= 2.5𝑤 𝑎2 − 0.3𝑏 2 > 𝑡𝑓
𝑓𝑦
Where, 𝑡𝑓 = flange thickness of compression member
 Design procedure of slab base

Step-6: Provide nominal two or four 20-mm holding down

bolts.
Step-7: Check the weld length connecting the base plate with
the column (this check is required only for fillet welds)
Examples: Design a slab base for a column ISHB 300 @ 618
N/m subjected to an factored axial compressive load of 1200 kN
for the following condition:
a) Load is transferred to the base plate by direct bearing of
column flanges.
b) Load is transferred to the base plate by welded connections;
the column end and the base plate are not machined for
bearing.
The base rests on concrete pedestal of grade M20.
Solution:
Assume Fe 410 grade of steel: 𝑓𝑢 = 410 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 250 MPa
For M20 grade of concrete:
Bearing strength of concrete= 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.45 × 20 = 9 N/mm2
Partial safety factor: (Table 5, IS 800: 2007)
𝛾𝑚0 = 1.1
𝛾𝑚𝑤 = 1.25 (for shop welding)
Properties of ISHB 300 @ 618 N/m: [Table 1, SP-6(1)-1964]
Thickness of flange, 𝑡𝑓 = 10.6 mm
Thickness of web, 𝑡𝑤 = 9.4 mm
Depth of section, 𝐷 = 300 mm
Width of flange, 𝑏𝑓 = 250 mm
 1200×103
Required area of slab base, 𝐴 = = 133333.3 mm2
9

Let us provide a rectangular base plate.

Let the sides of the base plate be L and B.
Assuming the overhangs of the base plate beyond column
flanges to be a and b.
Let 𝑎 = 𝑏
Area of the base plate = 𝐷 + 2𝑎 × 𝑏𝑓 + 2𝑏 = 133333.3
⇒ 300 + 2𝑎 × 250 + 2𝑎 = 133333.3
⇒ 𝑎 = 45.5 mm ≃ 50 mm
Length of the base plate, 𝐿 = 300 + 2 × 50 = 400 mm
Width of the base plate, B = 250 + 2 × 50 = 350 mm
 𝑃
The bearing pressure of concrete, 𝑤 =
𝐿×𝐵
1200×103
=
400×350
= 8.57 N/mm2 < 9 N/mm2
Hence ok.
Thickness of slab base, (cl. 7.4.3.1 IS 800:2007)
𝛾𝑚0
𝑡= 2.5𝑤 𝑎2 − 0.3𝑏 2
𝑓𝑦

1.1
= 2.5 × 8.57 × 502 − 0.3 × 502 ×
250

=12.84 mm > 10.6 mm

Hence, provide a base plate 400×350×14 mm in size.

a) The load is transferred to the base plate by direct bearing. This
implies that the column end and base plate have been machined
for perfect bearing. Also, there is no bending moment. Therefore,
connection of column with base plate need not be designed.
However, to keep the column in position, two cleat angles of
nominal size 55×55×8 mm may be provided connecting the
column flanges with the base plate.
b) Column end and base plate have not been machined for
perfect bearing. Therefore, the load from the column will be
transferred to the base plate through welded connection.
Length available for welding around column profile,

𝐿𝑎 = 2 × 250 + 2 × 250 − 9.4 + 2 × 300 − 2 × 10.6

= 1539 mm
Let us provide 8 mm fillet weld.
Number of total end returns = 12
Effective length of weld = 1539 − 12 × 2 × 8 = 1347 mm
Throat thickness, 𝑡𝑡 = 0.7 × 8 = 5.6 mm
 𝑓𝑢
Strength of weld/ mm length = 1 × 𝑡𝑡 ×
3×𝛾𝑚𝑤
410
=1× 5.6 ×
3×1.25
= 1060.48 N/mm
1200×103
Required length of weld= = 1131.56 mm < 1347 mm
1060.48
Hence ok.
Since the base is subjected to only axial compressive load and
there is no bending moment, the base is not subjected to tension
in any of its part. Therefore, provide nominal 2, 20 mm
diameter bolts to keep the base in position.
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED
BASE PLATE
 Eccentrically loaded base plate
When the base plates are loaded eccentrically or are subjected
to axial loads as well as bending moment the pressure
distribution from the concrete does not remain uniform.
Let the column be subjected to a load P, at an eccentricity of e.
Therefore moment, 𝑀 = 𝑃𝑒
Due to axial load P, the pressure distribution is uniform and
stress diagram is rectangular.
𝑃 𝑃
The direct stress = =
𝐴1 𝐿𝐵

Where, 𝐴1 = area of base plate provided.

𝐿 = length of the base plate
𝐵 = width of the base plate
 Design of Eccentrically loaded base plate
Due to the bending moment the bending stress developed is
𝑀
= ± 𝑦
𝐼
𝑀 𝐿 6𝑀 6𝑃𝑒
=± 1 × = ± 2 = ± 2
𝐵𝐿3 2 𝐵𝐿 𝐵𝐿
12

The combined stress due to axial load and bending moment

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 𝑃 6𝑒
𝑓= ± = 1±
𝐿𝐵 𝐵𝐿2 𝐿𝐵 𝐿

Depending upon the eccentricity and length of the base plate

three cases are possible.
6𝑒 𝐿
Case I When there is no tension, 1 − =0⇒ 𝑒=
𝐿 6
𝐿 𝐿
Case II When the tension developed is small 𝑒 = to
6 3
𝐿
Case III When the tension developed is substantial 𝑒 >
3
 𝐿 Design Procedure
Case I 𝑒 <
6
The entire base plate is under compression. The maximum
pressure from concrete must not exceed the bearing strength of
concrete (0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 ).
𝑃 6𝑒
1. Combined stresses, f = 1±
𝐿𝐵 𝐿
𝐿 2𝑃
When 𝑒 = , 𝑓= , 0 respectively.
6 𝐿𝐵

2. The combined stress should be less than or equal to 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 .

2𝑃 2𝑃
≤ 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 ⇒ 𝐵 =
𝐿𝐵 0.45𝐿𝑓𝑐𝑘

3. The thickness of base plate is computed by equating the

moment capacity of the base plate to the moment at the critical
section, which is assumed to be at the outer edge of the column
flange.
 Design Procedure
𝐿 𝐿
Case II 𝑒 = to
6 3

Most part of the base plate is in under compression, with little

or negligible tension on the remaining part.
1. Calculation of the length of the plate under compression (x):
𝑥 𝐿
+𝑒 =
3 2
𝐿
⇒ 𝑥=3 − 𝑒
2
 Design Procedure

2. Calculation of the width of the base plate:

Compressive force(C) in concrete = area of stress triangle × width
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥
𝐶= ×𝐵 =𝑃
2
2𝑃
⇒ 𝐵=
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥
2𝑃
⇒ 𝐵= 𝐿
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 ×3 2−𝑒

3. The thickness of base plate is computed by equating the

moment capacity of the base plate to the moment at the critical
section, which is assumed to be at the outer edge of the column
flange.
 Design Procedure
𝐿
Case III 𝑒 >
3

Part of the base will be in compression with substantial tension

in the remaining part and will be taken up by anchor bolts.
1. The size of the base plate (L×B) is determined as before or
assumed.
2. From the equilibrium of forces,
𝑃 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥 𝐵 − 𝐹𝑏
𝐿 𝑥
and 𝑀 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥 𝐵 − − 𝐹𝑏 𝑎
2 2
Where, 𝑃 = axial compressive force
𝐹𝑏 = tensile force in the bolt
𝑎 = distance of line of anchor bolts from c.g.
of the column.
 Design Procedure

The value of x may be determined from the above force and

moment equations,
2 0.5
𝐿 𝐿 𝑀+𝑃𝑎
𝑥 = +𝑎− + 𝑎 − 2×
2 2 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵

The maximum moment is determined at the critical section.

𝑥
𝑀 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥 𝐵 𝑐2 −
2
Where, 𝑐2 = outstand of base plate from the column flange.
3. The thickness of base plate is computed by equating the
moment capacity of the base plate to the moment at the critical
section, which is assumed to be at the outer edge of the column
flange.
 Design Procedure

4. Calculation of design tensile force in the bolt:

𝑃 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥 𝐵 − 𝐹𝑏
⇒ 𝐹𝑏 = 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑥𝐵 + 𝑃
5. Welded connection is designed to join the column section
with the base for the maximum tension in the column flange
due to the applied moment.
GUSSET BASE
 Gusset Base
• In gusset base, the column is connected to base plate through
gusset plates.
• Gusseted bases are used for column carrying heavy loads
(including moment).
• The load is transferred to the base partly through bearing and
partly through gusset plate.
• The gussets and stiffeners bear the base slab against bending
and therefore, a thinner base plate can be provided.
 Gusseted base

Clause 7.4.2, IS 800 - 2007: For stanchion with gusseted

bases, the gusset plates, cleat angles, fastenings etc. in
combination with the bearing area of the shaft shall be
sufficient to take the loads, bending moments & reactions to
the base plate without exceeding specified stress. All the
bearing surfaces shall be machined to ensure perfect contact.

Clause 7.4.2.1, IS 800 - 2007: Where the ends of the column

shaft and the gusset plates are not faced for complete bearing,
the welding, fastenings connecting them to the base plate shall
be sufficient to transmit all the forces to which the base is
subjected.
 Theoretical Considerations

The critical section is assumed to

lie at the root of the fillet of the
angle section for bolted
connections as the load from the
flanges of the column is transferred
to the base plate through the gusset
material.

For unit width of plate, bending moment at the critical section

𝑤𝑐 2
𝑀=
2
Where, w = intensity of pressure from concrete under the slab
base.
𝑐 = the portion of the base plate acting as a cantilever
 Theoretical Considerations

The design bending strength at the critical section

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑑 = 1.2 𝑍𝑒
𝛾𝑚0
𝑓𝑦 1×𝑡 2 𝑓𝑦 𝑡 2
= 1.2 × × = 0.2
𝛾𝑚0 6 𝛾𝑚0
Now, 𝑀 = 𝑀𝑑
𝑤𝑐 2 𝑓𝑦 𝑡 2
⇒ = 0.2
2 𝛾𝑚0
𝑤𝛾
⇒ 𝑡=𝑐 2.5 𝑚0
𝑓𝑦
Where, 𝑡 is the aggregate thickness of base plate and cleat angle
for bolted gusset base and thickness of the base plate for welded
gusset base, at the critical section.
 Steps for the design of gusseted base
Step-1: Assume a suitable grade of concrete. Depending
upon the grade of concrete used, the bearing strength of
concrete is determined by 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 .

Step-2: The area of a slab base may be computed by

𝑃
𝐴=
0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘

Where P is the factored load on column.

 Steps for the design of gusseted base

Step-3: The size of the gusset material is assumed.

• The gusset plate should not be less than 16 mm in thickness
for bolted gusset base.
• The gusset/cleat angle is chosen so as to accommodate two
rows of bolts in the vertical leg and one row of bolts in the
horizontal leg. Therefore, an unequal angle section is
provided.
• The thickness of cleat angle is kept approximately equal to
the thickness of gusset plate.
• The length of the gusset material is normally kept equal to
the length of the base plate, parallel to the flange of the
column.
• For welded gusset plate, cleat angles will not be required.
 Steps for the design of gusseted base

Step-4: The dimension of base plate parallel to the web

For bolted connection:
𝐿 = depth of section + 2 (thickness of gusset plate + leg
length of angle + overhang)
For welded connection:
𝐿 = depth of section + 2×(thickness of gusset plate +
overhang)
• The dimension of base plate parallel to flange,
𝐴
𝐵=
𝐿
 Steps for the design of gusseted base

Step-5: The intensity of pressure w, from the concrete pedestal

is determined by
𝑃
𝑤=
Area of base plate provided

Step-6: The thickness of the base plate is computed by flexural

strength at the critical section.
Step-7: Holding down bolts 2 or 4 in numbers and of 20-mm
diameter are usually provided.
Example. A column section ISHB 350 @ 710.2 N/m carries a
factor axial compressive load of 1700 kN and factored bending
moment of 85 kN-m. Design the base plate and its connections.
Assume concrete pedestal of M-20 grade.
DESIGN OF GUSSET BASE
Example. A column section ISHB 350 @ 710.2 N/m carries a
factor axial compressive load of 1700 kN and factored bending
moment of 85 kN-m. Design the base plate and its connections.
Assume concrete pedestal of M-20 grade.
Solution:
Assume Fe 410 grade of steel: 𝑓𝑢 = 410 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 250 MPa
For M20 grade of concrete:
Bearing strength of concrete= 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.45 × 20 = 9 N/mm2
Partial safety factor: (Table 5, IS 800: 2007)
𝛾𝑚0 = 1.1 𝛾𝑚𝑏 = 1.25
Properties of ISHB 350 @ 710.2 N/m: [table 1, SP-6(1)-1964]
𝑡𝑓 = 11.6 mm 𝑡𝑤 = 10.1 mm
𝐷 = 350 mm 𝑏𝑓 = 250 mm
𝐴 = 9221 mm2

Design compressive load, 𝑃 = 1700 kN

Design bending moment, 𝑀 = 85 kN-m
𝑀 85×106
Eccentricity, 𝑒= = = 50 mm
𝑃 1700×103
Let us provide 16 mm thick gusset plate, one on each side of the
column flanges and two cleat angles ISA 200×150×15 mm.
Provide a length of base plate, 𝐿 = 550 mm.
𝑒 50 1 1
Now, = = <
𝐿 550 11 6

Hence, the base plate is in compression throughout.

To limit the bearing pressure from concrete to 0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 , the width
required,
2𝑃 2×1700×103
𝐵= = = 686.87 mm ≃ 690 mm
𝐿×0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 550×0.45×20
Projection of base plate beyond leg angle toe
690; 350:2×16:2×150
= = 4 mm
2

Let us provide a base plate 690×550 mm in size.

Area provided, 𝐴 = 690 × 550 = 379.5 × 103 mm2
Section modulus of the base plate,
550×6902
𝑍𝑒 = = 43.64 × 106 mm3
6

Maximum pressure,
𝑃 𝑀 1700×103 85×106
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + = +
𝐴 𝑍𝑒 379.5×103 43.64×106

= 6.43 N/mm2 < 9 N/mm2

Minimum pressure,
𝑃 𝑀 1700×103 85×106
𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = − = −
𝐴 𝑍𝑒 379.5×103 43.64×106

= 2.53 N/mm2 < 9 N/mm2

350
x

551 139
x

2.53
5.64 6.43

690
Calculation for the thickness of base plate:
Base pressure at section x-x,
551
= 2.53 + 6.43 − 2.53 × = 5.64 N/mm2
690
Moment at critical section x-x,
139 1 2
= 5.64 × 139 × + × 139 × 6.43 − 5.64 × × 139
2 2 3
= 59573.1 N-mm
Moment capacity of base plate,
𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑑 = 1.2 𝑍
𝛾𝑚0 𝑒
250 1
= 1.2 × × × 1 × 𝑡𝑎2 = 45.45 𝑡𝑎2 N-mm
1.1 6

45.45 𝑡𝑎2 = 59573.1

⇒ 𝑡𝑎 = 36.2 mm (aggregate thickness of base plate
and cleat angle)
Therefore, thickness of base plate,
𝑡𝑏 = 36.2 − 15 = 21.2 mm ≃ 22 mm > 11.6 mm
Provide a base plate 690×550×22 mm in size.
Bolted connection:
Provide 24-mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6.
The bolts will be in single shear.
Strength bolt in single shear (cl. 10.3.3, IS 800:2007)
𝑓 𝜋×242 400
𝐴𝑛𝑏 𝑢𝑏 0.78× 4 ×
3
= 3
= × 10;3 = 65.2 kN
𝛾𝑚𝑏 1.25

Strength of bolt in bearing = 2.5𝑘𝑏 𝑑𝑡𝑓𝑢 /𝛾𝑚𝑏 (cl. 10.3.4, IS

800:2007)
For 24 mm diameter bolts the minimum edge distance,
𝑒 = 1.5 × 𝑑0 = 1.5 × 24 + 2 = 39 mm
The minimum pitch, p = 2.5 × 24 = 60 mm
Let us provide an edge distance of 40 mm and pitch of 65 mm.
𝑘𝑏 is smaller of
𝑒 40 𝑝 65
= = 0.51 , − 0.25 = − 0.25 = 0.58 ,
3𝑑0 3×26 3𝑑0 3×26
𝑓𝑢𝑏 400
= = 0.98 and 1.0
𝑓𝑢 410

Hence 𝑘𝑏 = 0.51
410
∴ Strength in bearing = 2.5 × 0.51 × 24 × 11.6 × × 10;3
1.25
= 116.43 kN
Hence, the strength of bolt = 65.2 kN
Assuming column end and gusset material to have complete
bearing, 50% of the load will be assumed to pass directly and
50% of the load will pass through the connections.
Number of bolts required to connect column flanges with gusset
0.5×1700
plates, 𝑛1 = = 13.03 ≃ 16
65.2
Provide 8, 24 mm diameter bolts on each flange in two rows as
shown in the figure.
The number of bolts required to connect the cleat angle with
gusset plate will be the same.
Dimension of gusset plate:
Height of gusset plate = 200 + 2 × 40 + 65 = 345 mm
Length of gusset plate = length of base plate = 550 mm
Provide gusset plate 550×345×16 mm in size.
 250

Gusset plate
550×345×16 mm

Cleat angle
200×150×15 mm

550

Fig. Gusseted base with bolted connections