PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN SOALAN STRUKTUR

NO. MARK SCHEME SUB TOTAL

MARK MARK
3(a)(i) Able to state the type of cell division

Answer: Mitosis 1 1
(a)(ii) Able to give two reasons for the type of the cell division

Sample answer:
P1: each daughter cell has identical number of chromosome to 1
the parent cell / setiap sel nak mempunyai bilangan kromosom
yang seiras/serupa dengan induknya

P2: chromosomes in daughter cells have the same genetic 1

material to the parent cell/kromosom di dalam sel anak
mempunyai maklumat genetik sama dengan induk

P3: two daughter cells are produced by each parent cell/dua sel 1
anak dihasilkan bagi setiap induk
Any 2 2
(b) Able to explain the importance of mitosis

Sample answer:

F1: increases the number of cells/menambahkan bilangan sel 1

P1: replacing dead cells/repair the damaged

tissue/organ/menggantikan tisu mati/membaik pulih tisu 1
rosak/organ

P2: for growth/development in living organism/untuk 1

pertumbuhan/perkembangan organisma hidup

F2: to produce genetically identical daughter cell/untuk 1

menghasilkan sel anak yang seiras

P3: asexual reproduction (for unicellular organisms)/pembiakan 1

aseks

P4: maintain the chromosomal number (of daughter 1

cell)/mengekalkan bilangan kromosom sel anak
Any 2 2
(c)(i) Able to draw the stage of Metaphase I correctly
 Criteria:

2 homologous chromosomes aliged on either side of metaphase 1

plate/2 kromosom homolog tersusun secara berpasangan di
plat metafasa

One chromosome of each pair is attached to the spindle fibre

from one pole while its homologue is attached to the fibre from
the opposite pole/satu kromosom dari setiap pasangan melekat 1
pada gentian gelendong di satu kutub manakala kromosom
homolognya melekat pada gentian di kutub bertentangan.

Sample answer:

2
(c)(ii) Able to explain events during cell division

Sample answer:

P1: independent assortment of chromosomes/pengaturan bebas 1

kromosom

P2: which are randomly arranged during Metaphase I/yang 1

tersusun secara rawak semasa Metafasa I

P3: to produce different haploid gametes/untuk menghasilkan 1

gamet haploid yang berbeza
Any 2 2
(d) Able to name two chemical substances which cause cancer

Sample answer:

P1: benzo-alfapyrene 1

P2: nicotine 1

P3: x-rays 1

P4: ultra-violet rays 1

P5: tar in tobacco) 1

 P6: formaldehyde 1

P7: gamma rays 1

Any 2 2
(e) Able to name the disease cause by uncontrolled meiosis

Sample answer:

Down/Turner/Klinefelter syndrome 1 1
TOTAL 12

NO. MARK SCHEME SUB TOTAL

MARK MARK
3(a) Able to name X, Y and Z

X: glucose 1
Y: amino acid 1
Z: fatty acid and glycerol 1 3
(b) Able to draw one vilus to show the parts and following label

R: able to show following parts: 1

blood capillaries, epithelium, lacteal

L: able to label any of 2 from the following: 1 2

blood capillaries, epithelium, lacteal
(c)(i) Able to state the process that occurs in the projection

- absorption/simple diffusion/facilitated diffusion/active 1 1

transport (reject diffusion)
(c)(ii) Able to state one characteristic of the projections

- one cell thick wall/very thin wall 1

- a lot of blood capillaries 1 1
(d) Able to name the correct process

Deamination 1 1
(e)(i) Able to name the circulatory system involved in transporting
nutrient X and nutrient Y

Blood circulatory system 1 1

(e)(ii) Able to describe how nutrient Z is drained back into the
circulatory system

- nutrient Z/fatty acid and glycerol absorbed into the lacteal 1

- (nutrient Z/lipid/lymph) travel into lymphatic vessels by 1
contraction of skeletal muscles
- (the lymph) from the left side drains into thoracic duct//the
lymph from the right side drains into the right lymphatic duct
(the thoracic duct) empties its lymph into the left subclavian 1
vein//(the right lymphatic duct) empties its lymph into the right
subclavian vein 3
TOTAL 12

NO. MARK SCHEME SUB TOTAL

MARK MARK
3(a)(i) Process R: Anaerobic respiration 1
Process S: Aerobic respiration 1 2
(b) Reactant: Glucose + Oxygen 1
Product: Carbon dioxide + Water + 2898kJ 1 2
(c)
R S
D1 Absent of oxygen Present of oxygen 1
D2 Glucose is partially Glucose is completely
oxidised oxidised 1
D3 Produce lactic acid Do not produce lactic acid 1
D4 Produce less Produce more
energy/150kJ/2ATP energy/2898kJ/36ATP 1
Any 2 2
(d)(i) - gills 1 1
(d)(ii) P1: have lamella and filament to increase total surface area 1
 P2: numerous blood capillaries for efficient transport of 1 2
respiratory gases
(d)(iii) P1: thin membrane/one cell thick for easily diffusion of 1
respiratory gases
P2: moist surface for respiratory gases easily dissolve 1
P3: numerous blood capillaries for efficient transport of 1
respiratory gases 3
TOTAL 12

NO. SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

4 (a) Human heart has four chambers whereas frog’s heart 1
has only three chambers // ventricles of human hearts
are separated completely but not the frog’s heart.
Jantung manusia mempunyai empat ruang manakala
jantung katak Cuma tiga ruang sahaja // ventrikel
jantung manusia terpisah secara sempurna tetapi tidak 1
pada jantung katak.
4 (b) P1 – The right part and the left part of human heart are 1
separated by the septum/Bahagian kanan dan
bahagian kiri jantung manusia dipisahkan oleh
septum.

P2 – Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are 1

not mixed/Darah beroksigen dan darah tidak
beroksigen tidak bercampur

P3 – For the frog’s heart, oxygenated blood and

deoxygenated blood are mixed in the third chamber 1
which is the ventricle.
P3 – Untuk jantung katak, darah beroksigen dan
darah tidak beroksigen bercampur di ruang ketiga
iaitu di bahagian ventrikel. Any 2 2

4(c) P1 – Blood cannot be pump completely to the 1

lungs/Darah tidak dapat dipam secara sempurna ke
peparu
1
P2 – The person may suffer from lacking of oxygen/
individu mungkin menghadapi maslah kekurangan
oksigen. Any 1 1

4(d) P1 – There is a hole at the septum // The septum is not 1

developed completely/Terdapat satu lubang pada
septum // septum tidak terbentuk dengan sempurna.
 P2 – Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are
mixed/Darah beroksigen dan terdeoksigen bercampur. 1

P3 – Fetus obtain oxygen from the mother/Fetus

memperolehi oksigen daripada ibunya. 1

P4 – Through the gas exchange at the placenta/Melalui

pertukaran gas pada plasenta. 1
Any 3 3

4(e)(i) P1 – Bad eating habits – high intake of saturated 1

fats/tabiat makan yang tidak sihat – pengambilan
lemak tepu yang banyak

P2 – Lack of exercise/Kurang bersenam

1
P3 – always stressed with work/selalu tertekan dengan
pekerjaan
1
Any 2 2

4(e)(ii) P1 – Consume a balanced diet with low intake of 1

fats/mengambil makanan seimbang yang rendah lemak

P2 – exercise daily/bersenam setiap hari 1

P3 – Recreation to reduce stress/berekreasi untuk

mengurangkan stress 1 3

TOTAL 12

NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

5(a)(i) P: Radius 1
Q: Ulna 1 2

5(a)(ii) F: X is biceps. 1
P1: when the biceps contrasts (and the triceps relaxes) 1
P2: which acts antagonistically 1
P3: the tendons transmit the pulling force produced by 1
X/biceps.
 P4: the radius and ulna are pulled upwards. 1
P5: and the arm is bent. 1

Any 3 3
5(a)(iii) P1: The hinge joint/ sendi engsel 1
P2: Allows movement of bones in one plane. 1 2
5(b)(i) P1: osteoarthritis/ degenerative joint disease. 1
P2: (the cartilage of the elbow damage) because of 1
excessive wear and tear/hurt.
P3: the bones then rub against one another. 1
P4: that can result in severe pain and disability. 1
P5: difficulty in movement, paint and swelling at the 1
joint
Any 3 3

5(b)(ii) P1: the metal joint does not have any ligaments. 1
P2: the metal joint does not have synovial fluid. 1 2
TOTAL 12