Our Privacy Policy Is Changing On 24 May 2018

Our Privacy Policy is changing on 24 May 2018.
Learn more
USS Orizaba
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other ships with the same name, see SS Orizaba and Brazilian ship Duque de Caxias.
USS Orizaba (ID–1536) departing New York via the North

River for France in World War I (2018)
History
United States
Name: USS Orizaba (ID-1536)
Namesake: Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico

William Cramp & Sons
Builder:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Launched: February 1917 as Orizaba
Acquired: 11 April 1918
Commissioned: 27 May 1918
Decommissioned: 4 September 1919
In service: after 4 September 1919 as USAT Orizaba
Out of service: 1920
Fate: returned to Ward Line, 1920
Name: SS Orizaba
Owner: Ward Line
Acquired: 1920
Port of registry: New York
In service: 1920
Refit: 1924
Route: New York–Cuba–Spain, 1920–1921

New York–Cuba–Mexico, 1921–1939
Out of service: 1939
Fate: Chartered to United States Lines, 1939;

Sold to War Department, 1941
United States
Acquired: early 1941, by War Department
In service: early 1941
Out of service: March 1941
Refit: April–May 1941, Bethlehem Steel Co.

Acquired: 4 June 1941, by US Navy
Commissioned: 15 June 1941
Decommissioned: 23 April 1945
Struck: 20 July 1953
Identification: Call sign: NUBY[1]
Honors and 1 battle star, World War II
awards:
Fate: To Brazilian Navy, 16 July 1945

at Tampa, Florida under Lend-Lease;
Permanent transfer to Brazil, June 1953
Brazil
Name: Duque de Caxias (U11)
Namesake: Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of
Caxias
Acquired: 16 July 1945
Commissioned: 16 July 1945
Decommissioned: 13 April 1959
Struck: 1960
Fate: Scrapped in 1963
General characteristics
Tonnage: 6,937 gross tons (as USAT Orizaba)[2]
Displacement: 11,293 tons (as USS Orizaba)
Length: 443 ft 3 in (135.10 m)
Beam: 60 ft (18.3 m)
Draft: 24 ft 4 in (7.42 m)
Propulsion: 2 steam turbines[2]
Speed: 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h)

Range: 6,200 nautical miles (11,500 km)[2]
Capacity: 35,455 cubic feet (1,004.0 m3)[2]
Troops: World War I:[3]

3,100
4,100 (after Armistice)
World War II:
2,928
Complement: 323 officers and enlisted
Armament: World War I:[4]

4 × 5" guns
2 × 1 pounder
World War II:[4]
2 × 5"/38 caliber Dual Purpose (DP) gun
mounts
4 × 3"/50 caliber DP gun mounts

as Duque de Caxias:[5]
2 × 5"/38 caliber gun mounts
12 × 20 mm AA gun mounts
USS Orizaba (ID-1536/AP-24) was a transport ship for the United States Navy in both World
War I and World War II. She was the sister ship of Siboney but the two were not part of a ship
class. In her varied career, she was also known as USAT Orizaba in service for the United
States Army, as SS Orizaba in interwar civilian service for the Ward Line, and as Duque de
Caxias (U-11) as an auxiliary in the Brazilian Navy after World War II.
Orizaba made 15 transatlantic voyages for the navy carrying troops to and from Europe in
World War I with the second-shortest average in-port turnaround time of all navy transports.
The ship was turned over to the War Department in 1919 for use as army transport
USAT Orizaba. After her World War I service ended, Orizaba reverted to the Ward Line, her
previous owners. The ship was briefly engaged in transatlantic service to Spain and then
engaged in New York–Cuba–Mexico service until 1939, when the ship was chartered to United
States Lines. While Orizaba was in her Ward Line service, American poet Hart Crane leapt to
his death from the rear deck of the liner off Florida in April 1932.
In World War II the ship was requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration and again
assigned to the War Department as USAT Orizaba. After completing one voyage as an Army
transport, the ship was transferred to the US Navy, where she was re-commissioned as
USS Orizaba (AP-24). The ship made several transatlantic runs, was damaged in an air attack
in the Allied invasion of Sicily, and made trips to South America. The transport also served in
the Pacific Theatre, making several transpacific voyages, and one to the Aleutians.
In June 1945, Orizaba was transferred under Lend-Lease to the Brazilian Navy where she
served as Duque de Caxias (U-11). In August 1945, Duque de Caxis carried parts of
the Brazilian Expeditionary Force from Naples back to Rio de Janeiro. The ship was badly
damaged by a fire in 1947, but was repaired and remained in service. Permanently transferred
to Brazil in 1953, Duque de Caxias was decommissioned in 1959 and scrapped in 1963.
Contents
[hide]
 1World War I
 2Post-war civilian service
 3World War II
 4Brazilian Navy service
 5Notes
 6References
 7External links
World War I[edit]

Orizaba—named after the town of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico—was laid down for the Ward
Line by William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company of Philadelphia and
launched in February 1917.[6] In mid-1917 the United States Shipping Board (USSB)
commandeered and received title to all private shipbuilding projects in progress, including the
still-incomplete Orizaba and her sister ship Siboney. Plans for both ships were modified for
troop-carrying duties.[7] Upon Orizaba’s completion, the USSB delivered her to the US Navy for
transport duty on 11 April 1918, and she was commissioned as USS Orizaba on 27 May.[6]
Orizaba under construction at William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia, c. 1917
Assigned to the Atlantic Transport Service, Orizaba carried over 15,000 troops in six convoy
trips to France before the end of World War I.[6] In one such voyage, Orizaba’s executive
officer, ordnance expert William Price Williamson, worked closely with Commander Richard
Drace White—Orizaba’s commanding officer, himself an ordnance expert—to develop a
workable depth charge launcher which would provide the transport with a measure of
protection from enemy submarines. Williamson set about modifying a Lyle gun into a depth
charge launcher, and successfully tested it on 16 August 1918. While attempting another test
with an increased propellant charge the following day, a defective fuse exploded the depth
charge prematurely, killing Williamson and three other sailors. White, four other officers, and
twenty-two enlisted men were also wounded in the blast.[8][9]
Four days later on 21 August at 08:30, Orizaba, traveling with Siboney, spotted a submarine in
the act of submerging. Orizaba attempted to ram the sub and dropped depth charges, but there
was no indication that the attack was successful.[10]
In December 1918, she was temporarily assigned to assist the French government in
repatriating French, Belgian, and Italian prisoners of war. Detached from that duty on 10
January 1919, she joined the Cruiser and Transport Force at Brest, and in nine voyages
returned over 31,700 troops to the United States. After the completion of transport duty service
in the summer of 1919, she was decommissioned on 4 September and subsequently turned
over to the Army for further transport service as USAT Orizaba. The boat served in that
capacity until returned to the Ward Line in 1920.[6]
According to the Statistical Department of the US Navy, Orizaba had the second-shortest
average in-port turnaround time out of 37 US Navy transports used in World War I. The ship
completed 15 round trips with an average turn-around time of just over 30 days per trip, while
the overall Navy average was 39.8 days.[11]
Post-war civilian service[edit]

After both were reacquired by the Ward Line, Orizaba and Siboney were placed in transatlantic
service on New York–Cuba–Spain routes in 1920, with Orizaba calling at Corunna, Santander,
and Bilbao in Spain. The two ships accommodated 306 first-class, 60 second-class, and
64 third-class passengers, with each ship making several trips on the route, but a lack of
passengers (along with the grounding of Siboney at Vigo in September 1920)[12] led to the
abandonment of the route.[13]
By October 1921, Orizaba was placed in New York–Cuba–Mexico service, where business
thrived, in part because of Prohibition in the United States. Ward Line cruises to Havana were
one of the quickest and least expensive ways to what one author called "alcohol-enriched
vacations".[13] Three years later, the ship underwent a major refit that, among other things,
lengthened her funnels.[14] A typical voyage at this time sailed from New York and called
at Nassau, Havana, Progreso, Veracruz and Tampico.[15]
By the early 1930s, Orizaba’s typical route had remained virtually the same, though Nassau
and Tampico were dropped as ports of call.[16] It was in this period that American poet Hart
Crane leapt to his death from Orizaba. At around noon on 27 April 1932, while the ship was
headed to New York—some 275 miles (443 km) north of Havana and 10 miles (16 km) off the
Florida coast—Crane, clad in pajamas and overcoat, climbed the rail at the stern of the ship
and plunged into the ocean. The captain of Orizaba immediately stopped the ship and
launched four lifeboats that searched in vain for two hours, but no trace of the poet was ever
found. Before he jumped, Crane had been drinking and, the night before, had been the victim
of violence after a unwanted pick-up attempt of a crewman ended with a severe beating.[17]
Katharine Hepburn, seen here in 1941, sailed on Orizaba to get a Mexican divorce in 1934.
In April 1934, American actress Katharine Hepburn sailed from New York on Orizaba,
eventually ending up in Mérida, Yucatán. After her arrival there on 22 April, she filed for divorce
from businessman Ludlow ("Luddy") Ogden Smith, whom she had married in December 1928.
After the divorce was finalized she and her travel companion, Laura Harding, planned to spend
a week in Havana and return to New York on the Ward Line ship Morro Castle.[18] Other notable
passengers on Orizaba in the 1930s included Ecuadorean diplomat Gonzalo Zaldumbide and
Cuban president Fulgencio Batista. Zaldumbide, the Ecuadorean Minister to the United States,
sailed to Mexico for his new posting as Minister to Mexico in August 1932.[19] In February
1939, Orizaba carried Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista back to Havana after a two-week
goodwill visit to Mexico.[20]
Beginning in the mid-1930s, Orizaba often carried gold and silver bars from Veracruz to New
York for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Chase National Bank, or for later
transshipment to London. In October 1933 three short tons (2.7 tonnes) of gold bars and coins
were shipped on Orizaba for eventual delivery to London, prompting some to believe that gold
was being smuggled into Mexico to take advantage of its policy of not charging duties on
gold.[21][22] In July 1934 Orizaba brought in 16 cases of Mexican gold, and in January 1935,
20 cases; in both instances, for delivery to Chase National Bank.[23][24] Twice in 1935, the Ward
liner delivered over 1,000 bars of silver for the Federal Reserve Bank, bringing 1,390 bars in
March, and 1,933 bars in July.[25][26] Mexico was not the only place from which Orizaba delivered
precious metals. In March 1934, she delivered 12 cases of gold—consisting of 84 bars, and
worth $1,624,000—from Havana for Chase.[27]
In mid-1939, Orizaba was chartered to United States Lines as one of five ships added to
increase what was perceived as a slow rate of return of US citizens fleeing war-torn
Europe.[28]In September, the ship was diverted to Galway to pick up American survivors
of SS Athenia, torpedoed by U-30 on 3 September; Orizaba returned with 240 of the survivors
later that month.[29] After completing evacuation service, the ship was laid up in New York in the
summer of 1940, and subsequently purchased by the Maritime Commission on behalf of the
Army on 27 February 1941.[30]
World War II[edit]
USAT Orizaba in port, 1941
USS Orizaba (AP-24) underway at sea painted in Camouflage Measure 32, Design 11F, c. 1944
After her reacquisition by the War Department, Orizaba completed one round trip to
the Panama Canal Zone. On her return she put in for a refit by the Bethlehem Steel
Company at New York. After she was transferred to the Navy on 4 June 1941, she was
commissioned as Orizaba (AP-24) on 15 June 1941.[6]
Following several months of coastal operations, Orizaba, now armed with two 5-inch
(130 mm) guns and four 3-inch (76 mm) guns, departed New York in April 1942 on the first
transatlantic run of her second world war. Sailing via Iceland, she steamed to England, Cape
Town, Recife, and Norfolk, Virginia, from which she got underway for Bermuda and Puerto
Rico. Returning to Norfolk in January 1943, she plied the eastern seaboard for a month, then
took up transatlantic duties again. Until July she traversed the ocean to Oran, Algeria, carrying
troops over and prisoners of war back to New York.[6]
On 5 July she left Oran in Task Force (TF) 81. The next day, she rendezvoused with TF 85 and
on 9 July stood off Gela, Sicily, disembarking troops into landing craft. On 11 July, she
sustained slight damage in an enemy air attack and retired to Algeria with casualties and
prisoners on board the next day. She returned to Sicily at the end of the month to discharge
troops and cargo at Palermo and then, on the night of 1 August, weighed anchor and stood out
for home.[6]
Arriving at New York on 22 August 1943, she underwent an overhaul, then took on runs to
Brazil and the Caribbean. At the end of the year she left the east coast, passed through
the Panama Canal, and sailed on to the southwestern Pacific. After calls at
Samoa, Nouméa, Brisbane, and Milne Bay, she returned to the west coast in March 1944, only
to leave again for another central Pacific run. Back at San Francisco in June, she underwent
repairs; completed a run to the Marshalls and Marianas; and then sailed north to the Aleutians.
Completing her northern run at Seattle, Washington, on 1 December, she carried men and
supplies to Hawaii, then returned to San Francisco, later sailing to New Guinea, the
Philippines, and Ulithi to add men and materiel to forces gathering for the Battle of Okinawa.[6]
From Ulithi, Orizaba sailed east, passed through the Panama Canal again, and, as the battle
for Okinawa raged, arrived at Tampa, Florida. Decommissioning on 23 April, she underwent an
overhaul and on 16 July 1945 she was transferred to Brazil under the terms of Lend-Lease.
The ship was permanently transferred to Brazil in June 1953 and struck from the US Naval
Vessel Register on 20 July of that same year. Orizaba received one battle star for her US Navy
service in World War II.[6]
Brazilian Navy service[edit]
Duque de Caxias (U-11) in port, c. 1950s

Assuming control of the vessel at Tampa on 16 July 1945, the Brazilian Navy renamed the
veteran transport Duque de Caxias (U-11), the second ship of that navy named in honor
of Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, the patron of the Brazilian Army.[5]
Duque de Caxias headed to Naples and on 28 August 1945 left there with elements of the
returning Brazilian Expeditionary Force. The ship arrived at Rio de Janeiro for the first time on
17 September 1945.[5] The ship then loaded American military stores from US bases in Brazil
and sailed for New York, arriving on 10 November 1945, with plans to repatriate wounded
Brazilian soldiers who had been recuperating in the US.[31]
On 31 July 1947, a day after sailing from Rio de Janeiro for Europe, oil spilled on the ship’s
boilers, causing an engine-room fire that quickly spread through the first class cabins and killed
27. The ship was towed from its position off Cabo Friointo Rio de Janeiro on 1 August 1947.
The ship had been carrying 1,060 passengers bound for Lisbon, Naples, and Marseille, along
with 500 crew members, and had been scheduled to carry Italian refugees on its return
voyage.[29][32]
In 1953, Duque de Caxias was converted into a training ship, and in August of that year began
a European and Mediterranean training cruise, which included a 12-day visit to New York in
March 1954 as part of its homeward leg.[33] The ship visited the United States again in
December 1955, with midshipmen aboard touring the United States Naval Academy and
honored at a cocktail by the Brazilian Ambassador, Joao Carlos Muniz, at the Brazilian
Embassy in Washington, D.C.[34] In October the following year, Duque de Caxias called at
Philadelphia, and the new Brazilian Ambassador Ernani do Amaral Peixoto—also an Admiral in
the Brazilian Navy—and his wife sponsored a tea dance in honor of Captain Antonio Andrade,
other officers of the ship, and the midshipmen aboard the ship; Peixoto had traveled to
Philadelphia to greet Andrade, a former naval attaché at the embassy.[35] The ship
was decommissioned 13 April 1959, and finally scrapped in 1963.[5]
Notes[edit]
1. Jump up^ Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, U.S. Navy
radio call sign book, pp. 17–28
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Charles, p. 47.
3. Jump up^ Gleaves, p. 248
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Priolo, Gary P. (9 June 2006). "ID-1536 / AP-24
Orizaba". NavSource Online. NavSource Naval History.
Retrieved 2008-01-22.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "NTr/NE/NAux Duque de Caxias – U
11". Navios de Guerra Brasileiros (1822–Hoje) (in Portuguese).
Poder Naval. Archived from the original on 30 March 2008.
Retrieved 2008-01-22. (Google translation into English.)
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i "Orizaba". DANFS.
7. Jump up^ Crowell and Wilson, p. 321.
8. Jump up^ "Williamson". DANFS. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
9. Jump up^ Gleaves, pp. 172–173.
10. Jump up^ Gleaves, p. 170.
11. Jump up^ United States Navy, Statistical Department (16
August 1919). "The Original U.S. Troop Transports". Archived
from the original (image file) on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 21
January2008.
12. Jump up^ "Siboney aground at Vigo" (pdf). The New York
Times. 11 September 1920. p. 10. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
13. ^ Jump up to:a b Flayhart, p. 292.
14. Jump up^ Alderson, Michael. "S.S. Orizaba of 1917".
Wardline.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007.
Retrieved 22 January 2008.
15. Jump up^ "Proposed sailings for November & December 1921
and January 1922" (scan and summary of timetable at Maritime
Timetable Images). New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company.
21 October 1921. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
16. Jump up^ "Proposed sailings and passenger fares" (scan and
summary of timetable at Maritime Timetable Images). New York and
Cuba Mail Steamship Company. 1 June 1933. Retrieved 2008-
01-21.
17. Jump up^ Mariani, pp. 418–421.
18. Jump up^ Menendez, Carlos R (2 May 1934). "Katharine
Hepburn in Yucatan awaiting action on divorce suit". The Atlanta
Constitution. p. 19.
19. Jump up^ "Envoys plan leaving city on vacations". The
Washington Post. 31 July 1932. p. S1.
20. Jump up^ Phillips, R. Hart (17 February 1939). "Cuban
reception to Batista mixed" (fee). The New York Times. p. 11.
21. Jump up^ "Mexico gold smuggling suspected under
embargo". Los Angeles Times. 28 October 1933. p. 2.
22. Jump up^ "Mexican gold to London". The Wall Street Journal.
30 October 1933. p. 4.
23. Jump up^ "Gold arrival". The Wall Street Journal. 11 July 1934.
p. 4.
24. Jump up^ "Gold and silver from Mexico". The Wall Street
Journal. 29 January 1935. p. 8.
25. Jump up^ "Silver from Mexico". The Wall Street Journal. 12
March 1935. p. 8.
26. Jump up^ "Silver from Mexico". The Wall Street Journal. 17
July 1935. p. 15.
27. Jump up^ "Gold from Cuba". The Wall Street Journal. 22 March
1934. p. 7.
28. Jump up^ "U.S. refugee ships are for Americans" (fee). The
New York Times. 28 September 1939. p. 7. Retrieved 2008-01-
22.
29. ^ Jump up to:a b "10 to 20 die in fire on ship off Brazil" (fee). The
New York Times. 1 August 1947. p. 13. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
30. Jump up^ "Army gets Orizaba for a troop ship" (fee). The New
York Times. 27 February 1941. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
31. Jump up^ "Brazil transport, old Orizaba, here" (fee). The New
York Times. 11 November 1945. p. 20. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
32. Jump up^ "Ship fire toll now is 27" (fee). The New York Times. 2
August 1946. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
33. Jump up^ "Skipper of Brazilian Training Ship Is Greeted
Here" (fee). The New York Times. 1 March 1954. p. 39.
34. Jump up^ "Dinner parties on embassy row". The Washington
Post and Times-Herald. 15 December 1955. p. 73.
35. Jump up^ McNair, Marie (26 October 1956). "Fechtelers plan
'anchorage' here". The Washington Post and Times-Herald.
p. D2.
References[edit]
 This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of
American Naval Fighting Ships.
 Charles, Roland W. (April 1947). Troopships of World War
II. Washington, D.C.: Army Transportation
Association. OCLC 1871625.
 Crowell, Benedict; Robert Forrest Wilson (1921). The Road to
France I: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–
1918 (pdf). How America Went To War. New Haven: Yale University
Press. OCLC 287391. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
 Flayhart, William H. (2005). Disaster at Sea: Shipwrecks, Storms,
and Collisions on the Atlantic. New York: W. W. Norton &
Co. ISBN 978-0-393-32651-2. OCLC 56913373.
 Gleaves, Albert (1921). A History of the Transport Service:
Adventures and Experiences of United States Transports and
Cruisers in the World War. New York: George H. Doran
Company. OCLC 976757.
 Mariani, Paul L. (1999). The Broken Tower: A Life of Hart Crane (1st
ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-04726-
4. OCLC 39890371.
 Naval Historical Center. "Orizaba". Dictionary of American Naval
Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage
Command. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
 Naval Historical Center. "Williamson". Dictionary of American Naval
Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage
Command. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (22 April 1944). "Ships'
names (U.S. Navy)". U.S. Navy radio call sign book. Washington,
D.C.: Navy Department. Office of the Chief of Naval
Operations. OCLC 85776444. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to USS
Orizaba (ID-1536).
 Photo gallery of Orizaba at NavSource Naval History

 Photos of SS Orizaba from Wardline.com:
 Life boat drill on Orizaba, c. 1935
 Orizaba underway, c. 1930s
 Orizaba outbound from New York, c. 1924
 Photos of Duque de Caxias from Navios de Guerra Basileiros
(1822–Hoje):
 Duque de Caxias on maneuvers
 Duque de Caxias underway
[hide]
Unique United States Navy transports
List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy
Categories:
 Transports of the United States Navy
 Transport ships of the United States Army
 Ships built in Philadelphia
 1917 ships
 World War I auxiliary ships of the United States
 Ships of the Ward Line
 Passenger ships of the United States
 Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Brazilian
Navy
 Auxiliary ships of the Brazilian Navy
 World War II auxiliary ships of Brazil
 Maritime incidents in 1947
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 Edit
 View history
Search
 Main page
 Contents
 Featured content
 Current events
 Random article
 Donate to Wikipedia
 Wikipedia store
Interaction
 Help
 About Wikipedia
 Community portal
 Recent changes
 Contact page
Tools
 What links here
 Related changes
 Upload file
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Page information
 Wikidata item
 Cite this page
Print/export
 Create a book
 Download as PDF
 Printable version
In other projects
 Wikimedia Commons
Languages
 Español
 ‫فارسی‬
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 27 May 2018, at 11:33.
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of
Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
 Privacy policy
 About Wikipedia
 Disclaimers
 Contact Wikipedia
 Developers
 Cookie statement
 Mobile view

UEFA Champions League

"European Cup" redirects here. For the trophy, see European Champion Clubs' Cup. For other
uses, see European Cup (disambiguation).
This article is about the men's competition. For the women's competition, see UEFA Women's
Champions League.
Founded 1955; 63 years ago
(rebranded in 1992)
Region Europe (UEFA)
Number of teams 32 (group stage)
78 or 79 (total)
Qualifier for UEFA Super Cup
FIFA Club World Cup
Related competitions UEFA Europa League
Current champions Real Madrid (13th title)

Most successful club(s) Real Madrid (13 titles)
Television broadcasters List of broadcasters
Website uefa.com
2017–18 UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by
the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European
clubs. It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club
competition in European football, played by the national league champions (and, for some
nations, one or more runners-up) of the strongest UEFA national associations. The UEFA
Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide. The final of the
2012–13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date, drawing 360 million television
viewers.[1]
Introduced in 1992, the competition replaced the European Champion Clubs' Cup, or
simply European Cup, which had run since 1955, adding a group stage to the competition and
allowing multiple entrants from certain countries.[2] The pre-1992 competition was initially a
straight knockout tournament open only to the champion club of each country. During the
1990s, the format was expanded, incorporating a round-robin group stage to include clubs that
finished runner-up of some nations' top-level league.[2] While most of Europe's national leagues
can still only enter their national league champion, Europe's strongest national leagues now
provide up to five teams for the competition.[3][4] Clubs that finish next-in-line in each nation's top
level league, having not qualified for the UEFA Champions League competition, are eligible for
the next-level UEFA Europa League competition.
In its present format, the UEFA Champions League begins in mid-July with three knockout
qualifying rounds and a play-off round. The 10 surviving teams enter the group stage, joining
22 other teams qualified in advance. The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams
and play each other in a double round-robin system. The eight group winners and eight
runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May.[5] The
winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club
World Cup.[6][7]
Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition's history, having won the
tournament 13 times, including its first five seasons. Spanish clubs have accumulated the
highest number of victories (18 wins), followed by England and Italy (12 wins apiece). England
has the largest number of different winning teams, with five clubs having won the title. The
competition has been won by 22 different clubs, 12 of which have won it more than once.[8] The
reigning champions are Real Madrid, who secured their 13th title in the competition after
defeating Liverpool 3–1 in the 2018 final. Thus, they became the first team in the UEFA
Champions League era to win the title for three years in a row.
Contents
[hide]
 1History
o 1.11955–66: Beginnings
 2Anthem
 3Branding
 4Format
o 4.1Qualification
o 4.2Tournament
o 4.3Default distribution (from 2015–16)
o 4.4Future distribution (from 2018–19)
 5Referees
o 5.1Ranking
o 5.2Appointment
o 5.3Limitations
 6Prizes
o 6.1Trophy and medals
o 6.2Prize money
 7Sponsorship
 8Media coverage
 9Records and statistics
o 9.1Winners
o 9.2By nation
o 9.3All-time top scorers
o 9.4Most appearances
 10See also
 11References
 12External links
History
Main article: European Cup and UEFA Champions League history
The first pan-European tournament was the Challenge Cup, a competition between clubs in
the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[9] The Mitropa Cup, a competition modelled after the Challenge
Cup, was created in 1927, an idea of Austrian Hugo Meisl, and played between Central
European clubs.[10] In 1930, the Coupe des Nations (French: Nations Cup), the first attempt to
create a cup for national champion clubs of Europe, was played and organised by Swiss
club Servette.[11] Held in Geneva, it brought together ten champions from across the continent.
The tournament was won by Újpest of Hungary.[11] Latin European nations came together to
form the Latin Cup in 1949.[12] After receiving reports from his journalists over the highly
successful Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones of 1948, Gabriel Hanot, editor
of L'Équipe, began proposing the creation of a continent-wide tournament.[13] After Stan
Cullis declared Wolverhampton Wanderers "Champions of the World" following a successful
run of friendlies in the 1950s, in particular a 3–2 friendly victoryagainst Budapest Honvéd,
Hanot finally managed to convince UEFA to put into practice such a tournament.[2] It was
conceived in Paris in 1955 as the European Champion Clubs' Cup.[2]
1955–66: Beginnings
Barcelona – Hamburg, 12 April 1961
The first edition of the European Cup took place during the 1955–56 season.[14][15] Sixteen
teams participated: Milan (Italy), AGF
Aarhus (Denmark), Anderlecht (Belgium), Djurgården (Sweden), Gwardia
Warszawa (Poland), Hibernian (Scotland), Partizan (Yugoslavia), PSV
Eindhoven (Netherlands), Rapid Wien (Austria), Real Madrid (Spain), Rot-Weiss Essen (West
Germany), Saarbrücken (Saar), Servette (Switzerland), Sporting CP (Portugal), Stade de
Reims (France), and Vörös Lobogó (Hungary).[14][15] The first European Cup match took place
on 4 September 1955, and ended in a 3–3 draw between Sporting CP and Partizan.[14][15] The
first goal in European Cup history was scored by João Baptista Martins of Sporting
CP.[14][15] The inaugural final took place at the Parc des Princes between Stade de Reims and
Real Madrid.[14][15][16] The Spanish squad came back from behind to win 4–3 thanks to goals
from Alfredo Di Stéfano and Marquitos, as well as two goals from Héctor Rial.[14][15][16]
Real Madrid successfully defended the trophy next season in their home stadium, the Santiago
Bernabéu, against Fiorentina.[17][18] After a scoreless first half, Real Madrid scored twice in six
minutes to defeat the Italians.[16][17][18]In 1958, Milan failed to capitalise after going ahead on the
scoreline twice, only for Real Madrid to equalise.[19][20] The final held in Heysel Stadium went to
extra time where Francisco Gento scored the game-winning goal to allow Real Madrid to retain
the title for the third consecutive season.[16][19][20] In a rematch of the first final, Real Madrid faced
Stade Reims at the Neckarstadion for the 1958–59 season final, easily winning 2–
0.[16][21][22] West German side Eintracht Frankfurt became the first non-Latin team to reach the
European Cup final.[23][24] The 1959–60 season finale still holds the record for the most goals
scored, but the record is overshadowed by the 7–3 thrashing Eintracht Frankfurt received
in Hampden Park, courtesy of four goals by Ferenc Puskás and a hat-trick by Alfredo Di
Stéfano.[16][23][24] This was Real Madrid's fifth consecutive title, a record that still stands today.[8]
Los Merengues reign ended in the 1960–61 season when bitter rivals Barcelona dethroned
them in the first round.[25][26] Barcelona themselves, however, would be defeated in the final by
Portuguese side Benfica 3–2 at Wankdorf Stadium.[25][26][27] Reinforced by Eusébio, Benfica
defeated Real Madrid 5–3 at the Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam and kept the title for
a second, consecutive season.[27][28][29] Benfica wanted to repeat Real Madrid's successful run of
the 1950s after reaching the showpiece event of the 1962–63 European Cup, but a brace from
Brazilian-Italian José Altafini at the Wembley Stadium gave the spoils to Milan, making the
trophy leave the Iberian Peninsula for the first time ever.[30][31][32] Internazionale beat an ageing-
Real Madrid 3–1 in the Ernst-Happel-Stadion to win the 1963–64 season and replicate their
local-rival's success.[33][34][35] The title stayed in the city of Milan for the third year in a row after
Inter beat Benfica 1–0 at their home ground, the San Siro.[36][37][38]
Anthem
Main article: UEFA Champions League Anthem
The UEFA Champions League anthem, officially titled simply as "Champions League", was
written by Tony Britten, and is an adaptation of George Frideric Handel's Zadok the Priest (one
of his Coronation Anthems).[39][40] UEFA commissioned Britten in 1992 to arrange an anthem,
and the piece was performed by London's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and sung by
the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields.[39] The chorus contains the three official languages
used by UEFA: English, German, and French. The anthem's chorus is played before each
UEFA Champions League game, as well as at the beginning and end of television broadcasts
of the matches. The complete anthem is about three minutes long, and has two short verses
and the chorus. For the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final in Rome, tenor Andrea
Bocelli sang backing lyrics to the Champions League anthem, whilst similarly Juan Diego
Flórez provided the tenor for the 2010 UEFA Champions League Final. Girl band All
Angels performed at the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final. Jonas Kaufmannprovided the
tenor for 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, whilst David Garrett performed with his violin.
The anthem has never been released commercially in its original version.
Branding
In 1991, UEFA asked its commercial partner, Television Event and Media Marketing (TEAM),
to help "brand" the Champions League. This resulted in the anthem, "house colours" of black
and white or silver and a logo, and the "starball". The starball was created by Design Bridge, a
London-based firm selected by TEAM after a competition.[41] TEAM gives particular attention to
detail in how the colours and starball are depicted at matches. According to TEAM,
"Irrespective of whether you are a spectator in Moscow or Milan, you will always see the same
stadium dressing materials, the same opening ceremony featuring the 'starball' centre circle
ceremony, and hear the same UEFA Champions League Anthem". Based on research it
conducted, TEAM concluded that by 1999, "the starball logo had achieved a recognition rate of
94 percent among fans".[42]
Format
Qualification
See also: UEFA coefficient
Map of UEFA countries whose teams reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League
UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage
UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage
Since 2009–10 season, the UEFA Champions League begins with a double round-robin group
stage of 32 teams, which is preceded by two qualification 'streams' for teams that do not
receive direct entry to the tournament proper. The two streams are divided between teams
qualified by virtue of being league champions, and those qualified by virtue of finishing 2nd–4th
in their national championship.
The number of teams that each association enters into the UEFA Champions League is based
upon the UEFA coefficients of the member associations. These coefficients are generated by
the results of clubs representing each association during the previous five Champions League
and UEFA Europa League/UEFA Cup seasons. The higher an association's coefficient, the
more teams represent the association in the Champions League, and the fewer qualification
rounds the association's teams must compete in.
Five of the remaining ten qualifying places are granted to the winners of a four-round qualifying
tournament between the remaining 40 or 39 national champions, within which those champions
from associations with higher coefficients receive byes to later rounds. The other five are
granted to the winners of a two-round qualifying tournament between the 15 clubs from the
associations ranked 1 through 15, which have qualified based upon finishing second, third, or
fourth in their respective national league.
In addition to sporting criteria, any club must be licensed by its national association to
participate in the Champions League. To obtain a license, the club must meet certain stadium,
infrastructure, and finance requirements.
In 2005–06 season, Liverpool and Artmedia Bratislava became the first teams to reach the
Champions League group stage after playing in all three qualifying rounds. In 2008–09 season,
both BATE Borisov and Anorthosis Famagusta achieved the same feat. Real Madrid holds the
record for the most consecutive appearances in the group stage, having qualified 21 times in a
row (1997–present). They are followed by Arsenal on 19 (1998–2016)[43] and Manchester
United on 18 (1996–2013).[44]
Between 2003 and 2008, no differentiation was made between champions and non-champions
in qualification. The 16 top ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualified
directly for the tournament group stage. Prior to this, three preliminary knockout qualifying
rounds whittled down the remaining teams, with different teams starting in different rounds.
An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005,
after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions
League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation
for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.[45] UEFA
subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year
regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in
the Champions League, this meant that, if the Champions League winner fell outside of its
domestic league's top four, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the
league. Until 2015–16, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions
League.[46] In May 2012, Tottenham Hotspur finished fourth in the 2011–12 Premier League,
two places ahead of Chelsea, but failed to qualify for the 2012–13 Champions League, after
Chelsea won the 2012 final.[47] Tottenham were demoted to the 2012–13 UEFA Europa
League.[47]
In May 2013,[48] it was decided that, starting from the 2015–16 season (and continuing at least
for the three-year cycle until the 2017–18 season), the winners of the previous season's UEFA
Europa League would qualify for the UEFA Champions League, entering at least the play-off
round, and entering the group stage if the berth reserved for the Champions League title
holders was not used. The previous limit of a maximum of four teams per association was
increased from four to five, meaning that a fourth-placed team from one of the top three ranked
associations would only have to be moved to the Europa League if both the Champions
League and Europa League winners came from that association and both finished outside the
top four of their domestic league.[49]
The top three leagues in Europe are allowed to enter four teams into the Champions
League. Michel Platini, the UEFA president, had proposed taking one place from the top three
leagues and allocating it to that nation's cup winners. This proposal was rejected in a vote at a
UEFA Strategy Council meeting.[50] In the same meeting, however, it was agreed that the third-
placed team in the top three leagues would receive automatic qualification for the group stage,
rather than entry into the third qualifying round, while the fourth-placed team would enter the
play-off round for non-champions, guaranteeing an opponent from one of the top 15 leagues in
Europe. This was part of Platini's plan to increase the number of teams qualifying directly into
the group stage, while simultaneously increasing the number of teams from lower-ranked
nations in the group stage.[51]
In 2012, Arsène Wenger referred to qualifying for the Champion's League by finishing in the
top four places in the English Premier League as the "4th Place Trophy". The phrase was
coined after a pre-match conference when he was questioned about Arsenal's lack of a trophy
after exiting the FA Cup. He said "The first trophy is to finish in the top four".[52] At Arsenal's
2012 AGM, Wenger was also quoted as saying: "For me there are five trophies every season:
Premier League, Champions League, the third is to qualify for the Champions League..."[53]
Tournament
The tournament proper begins with a group stage of 32 teams, divided into eight
groups. Seeding is used whilst making the draw for this stage, whilst teams from the same
country may not be drawn into groups together. Each team meets the others in its group home
and away in a round-robin format. The winning team and the runners-up from each group then
progress to the next round. The third-placed team enters the UEFA Europa League.
For this stage, the winning team from one group plays against the runners-up from another
group, and teams from the same association may not be drawn against each other. From the
quarter-finals onwards, the draw is entirely random, without association protection. The
tournament uses the away goals rule: if the aggregate score of the two games is tied, then the
team who scored more goals at their opponent's stadium advances.[54]
The group stage is played from September to December, whilst the knock-out stage starts in
February. The knock-out ties are played in a two-legged format, with the exception of the final.
This is typically held in the final two weeks of May.
Default distribution (from 2015–16)
Starting with the 2015–16 edition, the holders of the UEFA Europa League enter the
Champions League, initially at the playoff round. The maximum number of teams that an
association can field in the tournament has also been increased from four to five.[55]
Teams advancing from

Teams entering in this round
previous round
First qualifying round  8 champions from associations


(8 teams) 47–54
 30 champions from
Second qualifying round  4 winners from the first
associations 16–46 (except
(34 teams) qualifying round
Liechtenstein)
Champions  3 champions from associations  17 winners from the
(20 teams) 13–15 second qualifying round
Third
qualifying  9 runners-up from associations
Non- 7–15
round champions 
 1 third-placed team from
(10 teams)
association 6
 10 winners from the third
Champions
qualifying round for
(10 teams) champions
Play-off  2 third-placed teams from

associations 4–5
round Non-  5 winners from the third
 3 fourth-placed teams from
champions qualifying round for non-
associations 1–3[UCL]
(10 teams) champions
 UEFA Europa
League holders[UEL]
 12 champions from
 5 winners from the play-
associations 1–12
off round for champions
Group stage  6 runners-up from associations
 5 winners from the play-
(32 teams) 1–6
off round for non-
 3 third-placed teams from
champions
associations 1–3
 UEFA Champions League
holders
 8 group winners from the
Knockout phase group stage
(16 teams)  8 group runners-up from
the group stage
^UEL : The Europa League holders may be promoted into
the group stage if the Champions League holders qualify
for the group stage through their domestic league. If the
Champions League holders comes from an association
ranked thirteenth or lower and they did not qualify for the
non-champions route based on their domestic
performance, the Europa League holders will enter the
play-off round for champions instead. The access list is
adjusted accordingly to ensure a maximum of ten teams in
each stream's play-off round.
^UCL : If both the Champions League and Europa League
holders are from the same association ranked 1st–3rd and
neither qualify for the Champions League through their
domestic league, the fourth-placed team qualifies for the
Europa League instead.
Future distribution (from 2018–19)
In August 2016, UEFA announced changes in the access
list of the tournament, driven to avoid the creation
of European Super League. The top four clubs from the
four top-ranked national associations will receive
guaranteed qualification automatically for the group stage.
The Europa League holders also will automatically qualify
for the group stage.[56] However, the plan passed by UEFA
caused outrage among smaller associations. After his
election as the new UEFA president, Aleksander
Čeferin said that he would review the new system.[57] In
December 2016, UEFA confirmed the plan will go on.[58]
Referees
Ranking
The UEFA Refereeing Unit is broken down into five
experience-based categories. A referee is initially placed
into Category 4 with the exception of referees from
France, Germany, England, Italy, or Spain. Referees from
these five countries are typically comfortable with top
professional matches and are therefore directly placed
into Category 3. Each referee's performance is observed
and evaluated after every match; his category may be
revised twice per season, but a referee cannot be
promoted directly from Category 3 to the Elite Category.[59]
Appointment
In co-operation with the UEFA Refereeing Unit, the UEFA
Referee Committee is responsible for appointing referees
to matches. Referees are appointed based on previous
matches, marks, performances, and fitness levels. To
discourage bias, the Champions League takes nationality
into account. No referee may be of the same origins as
any club in his or her respecting groups. Referee
appointments, suggested by the UEFA Refereeing Unit,
are sent to the UEFA Referee Committee to be discussed
and/or revised. After a consensus is made, the name of
the appointed referee remains confidential up to two days
before the match for the purpose of minimising public
influence.[59]
Limitations
Since 1990, a UEFA international referee cannot exceed
the age of 45 years. After turning 45, a referee must step
down at the end of his season. The age limit was
established to ensure an elite level of fitness. Today,
UEFA Champions League referees are required to pass a
fitness test even to be considered at the international
level.[59]
Prizes
Trophy and medals
Main article: European Champion Clubs' Cup
Official trophy
Each year, the winning team is presented with the

European Champion Clubs' Cup, the current version of
which has been awarded since 1967. Any team that wins
the Champions League three years in a row or five times
overall wins the right to retain a full-sized replica of the
trophy (UEFA retains the original at all times). Six clubs
have earned this honour: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern
Munich, Milan, Liverpool and Barcelona.[60] Since then
instead the club which wins three years in a row or five
overall receives a conmemorative badge to wear
permanently on their uniform.
The current trophy is 74 cm (29 in) tall and made of silver,
weighing 11 kg (24 lb). It was designed by Jörg
Stadelmann, a jeweller from Bern, Switzerland, after the
original was given to Real Madrid in 1966 in recognition of
their six titles to date, and cost 10,000 Swiss francs.
As of the 2012–13 season, 40 gold medals are presented
to the Champions League winners, and 40 silver medals
to the runners-up.[61]
Prize money
As of 2016–17, the fixed amount of prize money paid to
the clubs is as follows:[62]
 First qualifying round: €220,000

 Second qualifying round: €320,000
 Losers third qualifying round: €420,000
 Losers play-off round: €3,000,000
 Winners play-off round: €2,000,000
 Base fee for group stage: €12,700,000
 Group match victory: €1,500,000
 Group match draw: €500,000
 Round of 16: €6,000,000
 Quarter-finals: €6,500,000
 Semi-finals: €7,500,000
 Losing finalist: €11,000,000
 Winning the Final: €15,500,000
This means that at best, a club can earn €57,200,000 of
prize money under this structure, not counting shares of
the qualifying rounds, play-off round and/or the market
pool.
A large part of the distributed revenue from the UEFA
Champions League is linked to the "market pool", the
distribution of which is determined by the value of the
television market in each country. For the 2014–15
season, Juventus, who were the runners-up, earned
nearly €89.1 million in total, of which €30.9 million was
prize money, compared with the €61.0 million earned by
Barcelona, who won the tournament and were awarded
€36.4 million in prize money.[63]
Sponsorship
Like the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League is
sponsored by a group of multinational corporations, in
contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in
national top-flight leagues. When the Champions League
was created in 1992, it was decided that a maximum of
eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event,
with each corporation being allocated four advertising
boards around the perimeter of the pitch, as well as logo
placement at pre- and post-match interviews and a certain
number of tickets to each match. This, combined with a
deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on
television advertisements during matches, ensured that
each of the tournament's main sponsors was given
maximum exposure.[64]
From the 2012–13 knockout phase, UEFA used LED
advertising hoardings installed in knock-out participant
stadiums, including the final stage. From the 2015–16
season onwards, UEFA has used such hoardings from the
play-off round until the final.[65]
The competition's logo is displayed in the centre of

the pitch before every Champions League match.
Betting advertisements are banned in Turkey. On 9 April

2013, Real Madrid (whose shirt sponsors were bwin at the
time) were forced to wear sponsor-free jerseys while playing
against Galatasaray in Istanbul.
The tournament's current main sponsors are:[66]
 Gazprom
 Heineken[67]
 MasterCard[68]
 Nissan[69]
 PepsiCo[70]
 Pepsi/Pepsi Max,[71] Gatorade,
and Lay's/Walkers are the brands being
advertised.
 Sony[72]
 PlayStation and Xperia are the brands being
advertised.
 UniCredit[73]
Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official
match ball, the Adidas Finale, and referee uniform, as
they do for all UEFA competitions.[74] Konami's Pro
Evolution Soccer is also a secondary sponsor as the
official Champions League video game.[75] Hublot is also a
secondary sponsor as the official fourth official board of
the competition. [76]
For the 2018-2021 cycle, sponsors already confirmed are:
 Banco Santander[77]
 Heineken[78]
 MasterCard[79]
 Nissan[80]
 PepsiCo[81]
Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising.

However, only one sponsorship is permitted per jersey in
addition to that of the kit manufacturer (exceptions are
made for non-profit organisations), which can feature on
the front of the shirt, incorporated with the main sponsor
or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad
number or on the collar area.[82]
If clubs play a match in a country where the relevant
sponsorship category is restricted (such as
France's alcohol advertising restriction), then they must
remove that logo from their jerseys. For example,
when Rangers played French
sides Auxerre and Strasbourg in the 1996–97 Champions
League and the UEFA Cup, respectively, Rangers players
wore the logo of Center Parcs instead of McEwan's
Lager (both companies at the time were subsidiaries
of Scottish & Newcastle).[83]
Media coverage
Main article: List of UEFA Champions League
broadcasters
The competition attracts an extensive television audience,
not just in Europe, but throughout the world. The final of
the tournament has been, in recent years, the most-
watched annual sporting event in the world.[84] The 2013
final was the most watched final to date, drawing
360 million television viewers.[1]
Records and statistics

Main article: European Cup and UEFA Champions
League records and statistics
See also: UEFA Champions League clubs performance
comparison
Winners
Main article: List of European Cup and UEFA Champions
League finals
Performance in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League by club
 v
Run
 t Win
ners Years won Years runner-up
 e ners
-up
Club
1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1
Real 13 3 966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 1962, 1964, 1981
Madrid 2016, 2017, 2018
Mila 1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2 1958, 1993, 1995, 200
7 4
n 003, 2007 5
Baye
1982, 1987, 1999, 201
rn 5 5 1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013
0, 2012
Munich
Barc 5 3 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 1961, 1986, 1994
elona
Live
5 3 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005 1985, 2007, 2018
rpool
Ajax 4 2 1971, 1972, 1973, 1995 1969, 1996
Man
chester 3 2 1968, 1999, 2008 2009, 2011
United
Inter 3 2 1964, 1965, 2010 1967, 1972
nazionale
Juve 1973, 1983, 1997, 199
2 7 1985, 1996
ntus 8, 2003, 2015, 2017
 v
Run
 t Win
 e ners
-up
Club
Benf 1963, 1965, 1968, 198
2 5 1961, 1962
ica 8, 1990
Notti
ngham 2 0 1979, 1980 —
Forest
Port 2 0 1987, 2004 —
o
Celti
1 1 1967 1970
c
Ham
1 1 1983 1980
burg
Stea
ua 1 1 1986 1989
București
Mars 1 1 1993 1991
eille
Boru
ssia
1 1 1997 2013
Dortmun
d
Chel
1 1 2012 2008
sea
Feye 1 0 1970 —
noord
Asto
1 0 1982 —
n Villa
PSV
Eindhove 1 0 1988 —
n
Red
Star 1 0 1991 —
Belgrade
Atlét
ico 0 3 — 1974, 2014, 2016
Madrid
Rei 0 2 — 1956, 1959
ms
 v
Run
 t Win
 e ners
-up
Club
Vale 0 2 — 2000, 2001
ncia
Fior 0 1 — 1957
entina
Eintr
acht 0 1 — 1960
Frankfurt
Parti
0 1 — 1966
zan
Pana
0 1 — 1971
thinaikos
Leed
0 1 — 1975
s United
Saint 0 1 — 1976
-Étienne
Boru
ssia
0 1 — 1977
Mönchen
gladbach
Club 0 1 — 1978
Brugge
Mal
0 1 — 1979
mö FF
Rom 0 1 — 1984
a
Sam 0 1 — 1992
pdoria
Baye
r
0 1 — 2002
Leverkus
en
Mon 0 1 — 2004
aco
Arse
0 1 — 2006
nal
By nation
Performance in Finals by nation
Nation Winners Runners-up Total
Spain 18 11 29
Italy 12 16 28
England 12 8 20
Germany [A] 7 10 17
Netherlands 6 2 8
Portugal 4 5 9
France 1 5 6
Romania [B] 1 1 2
Scotland 1 1 2
Yugoslavia 1 1 2
Belgium 0 1 1
Greece 0 1 1
Sweden 0 1 1
Performance in Finals by nation
Nation Winners Runners-up Total
TOTALS 63 63 126
Notes
 A. ^ Includes West Germany clubs. No East

Germany clubs appeared in a final.
 B. ^ Includes Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR)
clubs. As of 2018, no post-RSR Romanian clubs have
appeared in a final.
All-time top scorers
See also: List of European Cup and UEFA Champions
League top scorers
As of 1 May 2018[85]
The table below does not include goals scored in the
qualification stage of the competition.
Bold indicates players active in the competition in
the 2017–18 season and their current club.
Goal App Rati Year

Player Country Clubs
s s o s
Manchester
Cristiano United
1 Portugal 120 152 0.79 2003–
Ronaldo Real
Madrid
Lionel
2 Argentina 100 125 0.8 2005– Barcelona
Messi
1995– Real Madrid

3 Raúl Spain 71 142 0.5
2011 Schalke 04
Ruud van Netherlan 1998– PSV

4 56 73 0.77
Nistelrooy ds 2009 Eindhoven
Manchester
Goal App Rati Year
Player Country Clubs
s s o s
United
Real Madrid
Lyon
Karim
5 France 55 103 0.53 2006– Real
Benzema
Madrid
Monaco
Thierry 1997–
6 France 50 112 0.45 Arsenal
Henry 2012
Barcelona
Alfredo Di 1955–
7 Argentina 49 58 0.84 Real Madrid
Stéfano 1964
Dynamo
Andriy
1994– Kyiv
Shevchenk Ukraine 48 100 0.48
2012 Milan
o
Chelsea
Ajax
8 Juventus
Internaziona
le
Zlatan
2001– Barcelona
Ibrahimov Sweden 48 120 0.4
2018 Milan
ić
Paris Saint-
Germain
Manchester
United
1961–
10 Eusébio Portugal 47 63 0.75 Benfica
1974
Most appearances
As of 1 May 2018[86]
The table below does not include appearances
made in the qualification stage of the competition.
The table below does include appearances made
in the European Champion Clubs' Cup.
Player Nation Appearances Years Clubs
Real Madrid
1 Iker Casillas Spain 167 1999–
Porto
Manchester
Cristiano
2 Portugal 152 2003– United
Ronaldo
Real Madrid
1998–
3 Xavi Spain 151 Barcelona
2015
1995– Real Madrid

4 Raúl Spain 142
2011 Schalke 04
1993– Manchester
5 Ryan Giggs Wales 141
2014 United
Andrés
6 Spain 130 2002– Barcelona
Iniesta
Ajax
Clarence 1994– Real Madrid
Netherlands 125
Seedorf 2012 Internazionale
Milan
7
Lionel
Argentina 125 2005– Barcelona
Messi
1994– Manchester
9 Paul Scholes England 124
2013 United
Roberto 1997– Real Madrid

10 Brazil 120
Carlos 2007 Fenerbahçe
Player Nation Appearances Years Clubs
Ajax
Juventus
Internazionale
Barcelona
Zlatan 2001–
Sweden 120 Milan
Ibrahimović 2018
Paris Saint-
Germain
Manchester
United
See also
 Football continental championships
 List of European Cup and UEFA Champions
League winning managers
 List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks
References
1. ^ Jump up to:a b Chishti, Faisal (30 May
2013). "Champions League final at Wembley
drew TV audience of 360
million". Sportskeeda. Absolute Sports Private
Limited. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Football's premier club
competition". Union of European Football
Associations. 31 January 2010. Retrieved 23
May 2010.
3. Jump up^ "Clubs". Union of European
Football Associations. 31 January 2010.
Retrieved 23 May 2010.
4. Jump up^ "UEFA Europa League further
strengthened for 2015–18 cycle". Union of
European Football Associations. 24 May
2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
5. Jump up^ "Matches". Union of European
6. Jump up^ "Club competition winners do
battle". Union of European Football
May 2010.
7. Jump up^ "FIFA Club World Cup".
Fédération Internationale de Football
Association. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b "European Champions'
Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
31 January 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
9. Jump up^ García, Javier; Kutschera,
Ambrosius; Schöggl, Hans; Stokkermans,
Karel (2009). "Austria/Habsburg Monarchy –
Challenge Cup 1897–
1911". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics
Foundation. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
10. Jump up^ Stokkermans, Karel
(2009). "Mitropa Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer
Statistics Foundation.
11. ^ Jump up to:a b Ceulemans, Bart; Michiel,
Zandbelt (2009). "Coupe des Nations
1930". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics
Foundation. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
12. Jump up^ Stokkermans, Karel; Gorgazzi,
Osvaldo José (2006). "Latin
Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
Retrieved 5 September 2011.
13. Jump up^ "Primeira Libertadores – História
(Globo Esporte 09/02/20.l.08)". Youtube.com.
Retrieved 14 August 2010.
14. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "1955/56 European
Champions Clubs' Cup". Union of European
15. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "European Champions'
Cup 1955–56 – Details". Rec.Sport.Soccer
Statistics Foundation. 31 January 2010.
16. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f "Trofeos de
Fútbol". Real Madrid. 31 January 2010.
Archived from the original on 3 October 2009.
Retrieved 23 May2010.
17. ^ Jump up to:a b "1956/57 European
18. ^ Jump up to:a b "Champions' Cup 1956–
57". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
21. Jump up^ "1958/59 European Champions
Clubs' Cup". Union of European Football
May 2010.
22. Jump up^ "Champions' Cup 1958–
27. ^ Jump up to:a b "Anos 60: A "década de
ouro"". Sport Lisboa e Benfica. 31 January
2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
May 2010.
May 2010.
32. Jump up^ "Coppa Campioni 1962/63".
Associazione Calcio Milan. 31 January 2010.
May 2010.
35. Jump up^ "Palmares: Prima coppa dei
campioni – 1963/64" (in Italian). FC
Internazionale Milano. 31 January 2010.
May 2010.
38. Jump up^ "Palmares: Prima coppa dei
campioni – 1964/65" (in Italian). FC
Internazionale Milano. 31 January 2010.
39. ^ Jump up to:a b "UEFA Champions League
anthem". UEFA.com. Retrieved 14
September 2014.
40. Jump up^ Media, democracy and European
culture. Intellect Books. 2009. p. 129.
41. Jump up^ King, Anthony. (2004). The new
symbols of European football. International
Review for the Sociology of Sport 39(3).
London, Thousand Oaks, CA, New Delhi.
42. Jump up^ TEAM. (1999). UEFA Champions
League: Season Review 1998/9. Lucerne:
TEAM.
43. Jump up^ "The official website for European
football – UEFA.com". Retrieved 14
September 2014.
44. Jump up^ "EuroFutbal – Manchester United".
45. Jump up^ "Liverpool get in Champions
League". BBC Sport. BBC. 10 June 2005.
Retrieved 11 December 2007.
46. Jump up^ "EXCO approves new coefficient
system". UEFA. 20 May 2008. Archived
from the original on 21 May 2008.
47. ^ Jump up to:a b "Harry Redknapp and Spurs
given bitter pill of Europa League by
Chelsea". The Guardian. Guardian News and
Media. 20 May 2012. Retrieved 24
November 2012.
48. Jump up^ "Added bonus for UEFA Europa
League winners". UEFA.org. Union of
European Football Associations. 24 May
2013.
49. Jump up^ "UEFA Access List 2015/18 with
explanations" (PDF). Bert Kassies.
50. Jump up^ Bond, David (13 November
2007). "Clubs force UEFA's Michel Platini into
climbdown". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2
December 2007.
51. Jump up^ "Platini's Euro Cup plan
rejected". BBC Sport. BBC. 12 December
2007. Retrieved 11 December 2007.
52. Jump up^ "Arsène Wenger says Champions
League place is a 'trophy'". Guardian.
53. Jump up^ "Arsenal's Trophy Cabinet". Talk
Sport. Retrieved 15 May2014.
54. Jump up^ "Regulations of the UEFA
Champions League 2011/12, pg 10:".
UEFA.com.
55. Jump up^ "How the Europa League winners
will enter the Champions
League". UEFA.com. 27 February 2017.
56. Jump up^ "Evolution of UEFA club
competitions from 2018". uefa.com. UEFA. 26
August 2016.
57. Jump up^ "New Uefa president Aleksander
Ceferin vows to review Champions League
deal". The Gardian. 14 September 2016.
58. Jump up^ Official: UEFA confirms reforms to
Champions League 2018-21
59. ^ Jump up to:a b c "UEFA Referee". Uefa.com.
7 July 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
60. Jump up^ "The UEFA Champions League
trophy". uefa.com. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
61. Jump up^ "2012/13
Season" (PDF). Regulations of the UEFA
Champions League: 2012–15 Cycle. UEFA.
p. 8. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
62. Jump up^ UEFA.com. "2016/17 Champions
League revenue distribution - UEFA
Champions League - News -
UEFA.com". UEFA.com. Retrieved 2017-04-
01.
63. Jump up^ "Clubs benefit from Champions
League revenue" (PDF). uefadirect. Union of
European Football Associations (1): 1.
October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
64. Jump up^ Thompson, Craig; Magnus, Ems
(February 2003). "The Uefa Champions
League Marketing" (PDF). Fiba Assist
Magazine: 49–50. Archived from the
original (PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 19
May 2008.
65. Jump up^ "Regulations of the UEFA
Champions League 2015–18 Cycle –
2015/2016 Season – Article 66 – Other
Requirements" (PDF). UEFA.org. UEFA.
Retrieved 30 June 2015.
66. Jump up^ "UEFA Champions League -
UEFA.com". UEFA.com. Retrieved 2
July 2015.
67. Jump up^ "Heineken extends as Champions
League sponsor". SportsPro. 30 October
2013. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
68. Jump up^ "MasterCard renews its UEFA
Champions League sponsorship". UEFA.
UEFA.org. 2 July 2015. Retrieved 18
July2015.
69. Jump up^ "Champions League: Uefa signs
Nissan as new sponsor". BBC News.
70. Jump up^ "PepsiCo partners with
Champions League". SportsProMedia.com. 9
June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
71. Jump up^ "PepsiCo Signs Three-Year Global
Partnership Deal With UEFA Champions
League".
72. Jump up^ "Sony Computer Entertainment
Europe extends UEFA Champions League
sponsorship". UEFA. UEFA.com. 21 May
73. Jump up^ "UniCredit renews its UEFA
Champions League sponsorship and
becomes a new partner of the UEFA Europa
League". UEFA.org. 5 June 2015.
74. Jump up^ "adidas extends European club
football partnership". UEFA.org. 15 December
75. Jump up^ "KONAMI and UEFA announce
new three-year deal". UEFA.org. 11 June
2015. Archived from the original on 15 July
76. Jump up^ "Hublot to partner Champions
League and Europa League". UEFA.com.
77. Jump up^ "Banco Santander to become
Partner". UEFA.com. Retrieved 12
February 2018.
78. Jump up^ "HEINEKEN extends UEFA club
competition sponsorship". UEFA.com.
Retrieved 12 February 2018.
79. Jump up^ Carp, Sam. "Uefa cashes in
Mastercard renewal". SportsPro. Retrieved 12
February 2018.
80. Jump up^ "Nissan renews UEFA Champions
League Partnership". UEFA.com.
81. Jump up^ "PepsiCo renews UEFA
Champions League Partnership". UEFA.com.
UEFA. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
82. Jump up^ "UEFA Kit Regulations Edition
2012" (PDF). UEFA. pp. 37, 38. Retrieved 29
January 2014.
83. Jump up^ Devlin, John (3 July 2009). "An
alternative to
alcohol". truecoloursfootballkits.com. True
Colours. Retrieved 5 June 2013. Rangers
have actually sported the Center Parcs logo
during the course of two seasons.
84. Jump up^ "Champions League final tops
Super Bowl for TV market". BBC Sport. British
Broadcasting Corporation. 31 January 2010.
85. Jump up^ Source (unless otherwise
indicated): UEFA Champions League
Statistics Handbook 2016–17. For players
active prior to the introduction of the
Champions League in 1992, see "All-time
records 1955–2016" (pdf). UEFA. pp. 5–8.
Retrieved 21 October 2016. For all other
players, see: "Facts and figures" (pdf). UEFA.
pp. 4–7. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
86. Jump up^ "UEFA Champions League
Statistics Handbook 2016/17"(pdf). UEFA.com.
Union of European Football Associations
(UEFA). pp. 4–6, 10. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
External links
media related to UEFA
Champions League.
 UEFA Official website

 50 years of the European Cup UEFA October
2004
[show]
European Cup and UEFA Champions League
[show]
European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners
[show]
UEFA competitions
[show]
International men's club football
[show]
Intercontinental Cup
[show]
FIFA Club World Cup
[show]
European sport club competitions

Categories:
 UEFA Champions League
 UEFA club competitions
 Sports leagues established in 1955
 Multi-national association football leagues in
Europe
 1955 establishments in Europe
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 View source
 View history
Search
 Main page
 Contents
 Current events
 Random article
 Wikipedia store
Interaction
 Help
 About Wikipedia
 Recent changes
 Contact page
Tools
 What links here
 Related changes
 Upload file
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Wikidata item
 Cite this page
Print/export
 Create a book
 Download as PDF
In other projects
 Wikinews
Languages
 ‫العربية‬
 Español
 Français
 हिन्दी
 Bahasa Indonesia
 Bahasa Melayu
 Русский
 ‫اردو‬
 中文
88 more
Edit links
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
 Privacy policy
 About Wikipedia
 Disclaimers
 Developers
 Mobile view
Real Madrid C.F.

"Real Madrid" redirects here. For the basketball team, see Real Madrid Baloncesto. For other
uses, see Real Madrid (disambiguation).
Real Madrid
Full name Real Madrid Club de Fútbol[1]
Nickname(s) Los Blancos (The Whites)
El Real (The Royal)
Los Merengues (The Meringues)
Los Vikingos (The Vikings)[2]
Short name Real, RM, RMA, RMD

Founded 6 March 1902; 116 years ago
as Madrid Football Club[3]
Ground Santiago Bernabéu Stadium
Capacity 81,044[4]
President Florentino Pérez
Head coach Zinedine Zidane
League La Liga
2017–18 3rd
Website Club website

Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season
Active departments of Real Madrid
Football Football B Football U-19
Basketball Basketball B
Closed departments of Real Madrid
Football C Handball
Rugby Volleyball
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Royal
Madrid Football Club"), commonly known as Real Madrid, or simply as Real, is a
professional football club based in Madrid, Spain.
Founded on 6 March 1902 as the Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white
home kit since inception. The word real is Spanish for "royal" and was bestowed to the club
by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. The team has played
its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid
since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (socios) have
owned and operated the club throughout its history.
The club was estimated to be worth €3.24 billion ($3.65 billion) in 2015, and in the 2016–17
season it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of
€674.6 million.[5][6][7] The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world.[8] Real
Madrid is one of three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated from the
top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona. The club holds many long-standing
rivalries, most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atlético Madrid.
Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during
the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This
success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven
years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc
Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the
greatest team of all time.[9][10][11] In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33
La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de
la Liga.[12] In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a
record 13 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA
Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world
championships.[note 1]
Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December
2000,[14] and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004.[15] The club was also
awarded Best European Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS on 11 May 2010. In June 2017,
the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win back to back Champions Leagues, then
made it three in a row in May 2018, extending their lead atop the UEFA club rankings.[16][17]
Contents
[hide]
 1History
o 1.1Early years (1902–1945)
o 1.2Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–
1978)
o 1.3Quinta del Buitre and sustained success (1980–2000)
o 1.4Centenary and FIFA Club of the Century (2000–2009)
o 1.5Arrival of Cristiano Ronaldo (2009–present)
 1.5.1La Décima and European treble
 2Crest and colours
o 2.1Emblem
o 2.2Home kit
 3Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
 4Grounds
 6Support
 7Rivalries
o 7.1El Clásico
o 7.2El Derbi madrileño
o 7.3The old classic
o 7.4European rivalry
 8Finances and ownership
 9Popular culture
o 9.1Real Madrid TV
o 9.2Hala Madrid
o 9.3Video games
 10Honours
 11Players
o 11.1Current squad
o 11.2Out on loan
 12Personnel
o 12.1Current technical staff
o 12.2Management
 13See also
 14Notes
 15References
 16Further reading
History
Main article: History of Real Madrid C.F.
Early years (1902–1945)
Julián Palacios, the first president of the club in 1900–1902
Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and
students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, which included
several Cambridge and Oxford University graduates. They founded (Sociedad) Sky Football in
1897, commonly known as La Sociedad (The Society) as it was the only one based in Madrid,
playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. In 1900, conflict between members caused some of
them to leave and create a new club, Nueva Sociedad de Football (New Society of Football), to
distinguish themselves from Sky Football. Among the dissenters were Julián Palacios,
recognized as the first Real Madrid president, Juan Padrós and Carlos Padrós, the latter two
being brothers and future presidents of Real Madrid. In 1901 this new club was renamed as
Madrid Football Club. Later, following a restructuring in 1902, Sky was renamed as "New Foot-
Ball Club".[18][19][20] On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had been
elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.[3]
Real Madrid team in 1906
Three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first title after defeating Athletic
Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the founding sides of the Royal
Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when club president Adolfo Meléndez signed
the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA. After moving between grounds the team moved
to the Campo de O'Donnellin 1912.[21] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid
after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Real (Royal) to the club.[22]
In 1929, the first Spanish football league was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season
until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to
Barcelona.[23] Real Madrid won its first League title in the 1931–32 season. Real won the
League again the following year, becoming the first team to have won the championship
twice.[24]
On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic caused the club to lose the title
Real and went back to being named Madrid Football Club. Football continued during the
Second World War, and on 13 June 1943 Madrid beat Barcelona 11–1 in the second leg of a
semi-final[25] of the Copa del Generalísimo, the Copa del Rey having been renamed in honour
of General Franco. It has been suggested Barcelona players were intimidated by
police,[26] including by the director of state security who "allegedly told the team that some of
them were only playing because of the regime's generosity in permitting them to remain in the
country."[27] The Barcelona chairman, Enric Piñeyro, was assaulted by Madrid fans.[28] However,
none of these allegations have been proven and FIFA and UEFA still consider the result as
legitimate. According to Spanish journalist and writer, Juan Carlos Pasamontes, Barcelona
player Josep Valle denied that the Spanish security forces came before the match.[29] Instead,
at the end of the first half, Barcelona coach Juan José Nogués and all of his players were
angry with the hard-style of play Real Madrid was using and with the aggressiveness of the
home crowd.[29] When they refused to take the field, the Superior Chief of Police of Madrid
appeared, identified himself, and ordered the team to take the field.[29]
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–1978)
Alfredo Di Stéfano led the club to win five European Cups consecutively (currently the Champions
League).
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste became president of Real Madrid in 1945.[30] Under his presidency,
the club, its stadium Santiago Bernabéu and its training facilities Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt
after the Spanish Civil War damages. Additionally, during the 1950s former Real Madrid
Amateurs player Miguel Malbo founded Real Madrid's youth academy, or "cantera," known
today as La Fábrica. Beginning in 1953, he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class
players from abroad, the most prominent being Alfredo Di Stéfano.[31]
Amancio Amaro, captain of the Yé-yé team of the 1960s
In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by Gabriel Hanot, a French sports journalist and editor
of L'Équipe, Bernabéu, Bedrignan and Gusztáv Sebes created a tournament for the champions
teams around Europe, under invitation, that would eventually become what today is known as
the UEFA Champions League.[32] It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid
established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the
European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden
Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960.[31] After these five consecutive successes, Real
was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of
honour.[33]
The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in the
final with a team composed entirely of same nationality players, a first in the
competition.[34] This team became known as the Yé-yé. The name "Yé-yé" came from the
"Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in The Beatles' song "She Loves You" after four members of the
team posed for Marca and impersonated the Beatles.[35] The Yé-yé generation was also
European Cup runner-up in 1962 and 1964.[34] In the 1970s, Real Madrid won five league
championships and three Spanish Cups.[36]The club played its first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
final in 1971 and lost to English side Chelsea 2–1.[37] On 2 July 1978, club president Santiago
Bernabéu died while the World Cup was being played in Argentina. FIFA decreed three days of
mourning to honour him during the tournament.[38] The following year, the club organized the
first edition of the Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in memory of its former president.
Quinta del Buitre and sustained success (1980–2000)
Casillas
Helguera
Karanka
Campo
Salgado
Roberto Carlos
McManaman
Redondo (C)
Anelka
Raúl
Morientes
2000 UEFA Champions League Finalstarting lineup
By the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the Liga title until a new cohort of home-
grown stars brought domestic success back to the club.[39][40] Spanish sport journalist Julio
César Iglesias gave to this generation the name La Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"),
which was derived from the nickname given to one of its members, Emilio Butragueño. The
other four members were Manuel Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza; all
five footballers were graduates of Real Madrid's youth academy.[39][40] With La Quinta del
Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left for Zaragoza in 1986) and notable players
like goalkeeper Francisco Buyo, right-back Miguel Porlán Chendo and Mexican striker Hugo
Sánchez, Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half
of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup
and three Spanish Super Cups.[39][40] In the early 1990s, La Quinta del Buitre split up after
Martín Vázquez, Emilio Butragueño and Míchel left the club.
In 1996, President Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted
only one season, Real Madrid was proclaimed league champion and players like Roberto
Carlos, Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker and Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen
a squad that already boasted the likes of Raúl, Fernando Hierro, Iván Zamorano,
and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of Fernando Morientes in
1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for its seventh European Cup: in 1998, under
manager Jupp Heynckes, they defeated Juventus 1–0 in the final with a goal from Predrag
Mijatović.[41]
In 1999, lack of popularity with the fans and a fall out with Lorenzo Sanz resulted in Capello
being sacked,[42] and Vicente del Bosque eventually taking over in November of that year. The
squad was also largely different from the previous squad: the budding young talent of
Raúl, Iker Casillas, Fernando Morientes and Guti being supported with the arrival of Steve
McManaman and Nicolas Anelka from the English Premier League, alongside local
talents Míchel Salgado, and Iván Helguera and the older veterans such as Fernando Hierro
and Roberto Carlos. In Del Bosque's first season in charge, Real won the European
Cup/Champions League for the eight time, following a 3–0 victory over Valencia in the final
with goals from Morientes, McManaman and Raúl.[43] This victory marked the beginning of a
successful period in Real Madrid's history.[44]
Centenary and FIFA Club of the Century (2000–2009)
See also: Galácticos
César
Hierro (C)
Helguera
Salgado
Roberto Carlos
Makélélé
Figo
Solari
Zidane
Raúl
Morientes
2002 UEFA Champions League Finalstarting lineup.
In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president.[45] He vowed in his campaign to
erase the club's €270 million debt and modernize the club's facilities. However, the primary
electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of Luís Figo from arch-rivals
Barcelona.[46] The following year, the club had its training ground rezoned and used the money
to begin assembling the Galácticos team by signing a global star every summer, which
included Zinedine Zidane, Ronaldo, Luís Figo, David Beckham and Fabio Cannavaro.[47] It is
debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite winning the UEFA Champions League and
an Intercontinental Cup in 2002, followed by La Liga in 2003, the club failed to win a major
trophy for the next three seasons.[48]
Beckham (23) and Zidane(5) were considered Galácticos.
The few days after the capturing of the 2003 Liga title were surrounded with controversy. The
first controversial decision came when Pérez sacked winning coach Vicente del
Bosque.[49] Over a dozen players left the club, including Madrid captain Fernando Hierro, while
defensive midfielder Claude Makélélé refused to take part in training in protest at being one of
the lowest-paid players at the club and subsequently moved to Chelsea.[50] "That's a lot [of
players leaving] when the normal rule is: never change a winning team," stated Zidane.[51] Real
Madrid, with newly appointed coach Carlos Queiroz, started their domestic league slowly after
a hard win over Real Betis.[51]
The 2005–06 season began with the promise of several new signings: Júlio
Baptista (€24 million), Robinho (€30 million) and Sergio Ramos (€27 million).[52] However, Real
Madrid suffered from some poor results, including a 0–3 loss at the hands of Barcelona at the
Santiago Bernabéu in November 2005.[53] Madrid's coach Wanderley Luxemburgo was sacked
the following month and his replacement was Juan Ramón López Caro.[54] A brief return to form
came to an abrupt halt after losing the first leg of the Copa del Rey quarterfinal, 6–1 to Real
Zaragoza.[55] Shortly after, Real Madrid were eliminated from the Champions League for a
fourth successive year, this time at the hands of Arsenal. On 27 February 2006, Florentino
Pérez resigned.[56]
Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently appointed
Fabio Capello as the new coach and Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director. Real
Madrid won the Liga title in 2007 for the first time in four years, but Capello was nonetheless
sacked at the end of the campaign.[57] The title was won on 17 June, where Real
faced Mallorca at the Bernabéu while Barcelona and Sevilla, the other title challengers,
faced Gimnàstic de Tarragona and Villarreal, respectively. At half-time, Real were 0–1 down,
while Barcelona had surged ahead into a 0–3 lead in Tarragona. However, three goals in the
last half-hour secured Madrid a 3–1 win and their first league title since 2003.[58]
Arrival of Cristiano Ronaldo (2009–present)
Cristiano Ronaldo was the club's most expensive signing when he joined in 2009, costing €94 million.
On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency.[59] Pérez continued with
the Galácticos policy pursued in his first term, buying Kaká from Milan for a record-breaking (in
pound sterling) sum of £56 million,[60] and then breaking the record again by
purchasing Cristiano Ronaldo from Manchester United for £80 million.[61]
José Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010.[62][63] In April 2011, a strange occurrence
happened when, for the first time ever, four Clásicos were to be played in a span of just 18
days. The first fixture was for the Liga campaign on 17 April (which ended 1–1 with penalty
goals for both sides), the Copa del Rey final (which ended 1–0 to Madrid) and the controversial
two-legged Champions League semifinal on 27 April and 2 May (3–1 loss on aggregate) to
Barcelona.[64]
In the 2011–12 La Liga season, Real Madrid won La Liga for a record 32nd time in the
league's history, also finishing the season with numerous club-level records set, including 100
points reached in a single season, a total of 121 goals scored, a goal difference of +89 and 16
away wins, with 32 wins overall.[65] In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo become the fastest
player to reach 100 goals scored in Spanish league history. In reaching 101 goals in 92 games,
Ronaldo surpassed Real Madrid legend Ferenc Puskás, who scored 100 goals in 105
matches. Ronaldo set a new club mark for individual goals scored in one year (60), and
became the first player ever to score against all 19 opposition teams in a single season.[66][67]
Real Madrid began the 2012–13 season winning the Supercopa de España, defeating
Barcelona on away goals, but finished as second in the league competition. A major transfer of
the season was signing from Tottenham Hotspur of Luka Modrić for a fee in the region of
£33 million. After a disappointing extra time loss to Atlético Madrid in the 2013 Copa del Rey
Final, Pérez announced the departure of José Mourinho at the end of the season by "mutual
agreement".[68][69]
La Décima and European treble
Casillas (C)
Ramos
Varane
Carvajal
Coentrão
Khedira
Modrić
Di María
Bale
Ronaldo
Benzema
2014 UEFA Champions League Finalstarting lineup[70]
On 25 June 2013, Carlo Ancelotti succeeded Mourinho to become the manager of Real Madrid
on a three-year deal, with Zinedine Zidane named as one of his assistants.[71] On 1 September
2013, the long-awaited transfer of Gareth Bale from Tottenham Hotspur was announced. The
transfer of the Welshman was reportedly the new world record signing, with the transfer price
approximated at €100 million.[72] In Ancelotti's first season at the club, Real Madrid won the
Copa del Rey, with Bale scoring the winner in the final against Barcelona.[73] On 24 May, Real
Madrid defeated city rivals Atlético Madrid in the 2014 Champions League Final, winning their
first European title since 2002,[74] and becoming the first team to win ten European
Cups/Champions League titles, an achievement known as "La Décima".[75]
After winning the 2014 Champions League, Real Madrid signed goalkeeper Keylor Navas,
midfielder Toni Kroos and attacking midfielder James Rodríguez.[76] The club won the 2014
UEFA Super Cupagainst Sevilla, the club's 79th official trophy.[77] During the last week of the
2014 summer transfer window, Real Madrid sold two players key in the previous season's
successes: Xabi Alonso to Bayern Munich and Ángel Di María to Manchester United. This
decision from the club was surrounded by controversy, with Cristiano Ronaldo stating, "If I was
in charge, maybe I would have done things differently," while Carlo Ancelotti admitted, "We
must start again from zero."[78][79]
Real Madrid won a tenth European Cup in 2014, an achievement known as La Décima. The club won the
trophy again in 2016, 2017 and 2018.
After a slow start to the 2014–15 La Liga season, Real Madrid went on a record-breaking 22-
match winning streak, which included wins against Barcelona and Liverpool, surpassing the
previous Spanish record of 18 successive wins set by Frank Rijkaard's Barça in the 2005–06
season.[80] The streak came to an end in their opening match of 2015 with a loss to Valencia,
leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24 consecutive wins.[81] The club
failed to retain the Champions League (losing to Juventus in the semi-finals) and the Copa del
Rey, and also failed to land the league title (finishing two points and a place behind champions
Barcelona), shortcomings that all preceded Ancelotti's dismissing on 25 May 2015.[82]
On 3 June 2015, Rafael Benítez was confirmed as the new Real Madrid manager, signing a
three-year contract.[83] Real Madrid remained unbeaten in the league until a 3–2 loss at Sevilla
in the 11th matchday. This was followed by a 0–4 home loss in the first Clásico of the season
against Barcelona. In the Copa del Rey Round of 32, Real fielded an ineligible player in Denis
Cheryshev in a 1–3 first leg win away against Cádiz, resulting in the second leg being
cancelled and Real being disqualified.[84] Benítez was relieved of his duties on 4 January 2016
following allegations of unpopularity with supporters, displeasure with players and a failure to
get good results against top teams.[85]
On 4 January 2016, Benítez's departure was announced along with the promotion of Zinedine
Zidane to his first head coaching role.[86] Under Zidane, Real ended up finishing in second
place, just one point behind champions Barcelona, in the 2015–16 La Liga.[87] On 28 May, Real
Madrid won their 11th Champions League title, extending their record for most successes in
the competition, with the achievement being termed "La Undécima".[88]
Zidane, with his Real Madrid players, standing to the right of Madrid mayor Manuela Carmena after Real
had won their 33rd La Liga title, May 2017
Real Madrid began their 2016–17 campaign, which was to be Zidane's first full season in
charge of the club, with victory in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup.[89] On 10 December 2016, Madrid
won their 35th-straight match without a loss, which set a new club record.[90] On 18 December
2016, Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club
World Cup.[91] With a 3–3 draw at Sevilla on 12 January 2017, Madrid's unbeaten run extended
to 40, breaking Barcelona's Spanish record of 39 matches unbeaten in all competitions from
the previous season.[92] Their unbeaten streak ended after a 1–2 away loss against Sevilla in La
Liga three days later.[93] In May that year, Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga for a record 33rd
time, their first title in five years.[94] On 3 June, the club’s Champions League Final win against
Juventus resulted in Real Madrid being the first team to successfully defend their title in the
UEFA Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since
Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup.[95][96] Real
Madrid's title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is
also known as "La Duodécima".[97] The 2016–17 season was the greatest campaign in terms of
trophies won in the history of Real Madrid.[98]
Real Madrid won the 2017 UEFA Super Cup 2–1 against Manchester United.[99] Five days later,
Real Madrid beat Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the first leg of the 2017 Supercopa de
España, before winning the second leg 2–0, ending a 24 consecutive scoring record of
Barcelona in El Clásico matches, and with a 5–1 aggregate score.[100] Real Madrid also won
their third successive UEFA Champions League in 2018, becoming the first club to win three
straight UEFA Champions League titles since the tournament's inception, as well as the first
team to win three straight in European competition since Bayern Munich in the 1970s.
Crest and colours

Emblem
1902

1908
1920
1931
1941
The first crest had a simple design consisting of a decorative interlacing of the three initials of
the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Fútbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the
crest occurred in 1908 when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside
a circle.[101] The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the presidency
of Pedro Parages in 1920. At that time, King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage
which came in the form of the title "Real Madrid," meaning "Royal."[102] Thus, Alfonso's crown
was added to the crest and the club styled itself Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.[101]
With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all the royal symbols (the crown on the crest and
the title of Real) were eliminated. The crown was replaced by the dark mulberry band of the
Region of Castile.[24] In 1941, two years after the end of the Civil War, the crest's "Real
Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored while the mulberry stripe of Castile was retained as
well.[30] In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent,
and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.[101] The most recent modification to
the crest occurred in 2001 when the club wanted to better situate itself for the 21st century and
further standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe
to a more bluish shade.[101]
Home kit
1902–1911
1911–1925
1925–1926
1926–1931
1931–1954
1954–1955
1955–present
Real Madrid has maintained the white shirt for its home kit throughout the history of the club.
There was, however, one season that the shirt and shorts were not both white. It was an
initiative undertaken by Escobal and Quesada in 1925; the two were traveling through England
when they noticed the kit worn by London-based team Corinthian F.C., one of the most famous
teams at the time known for its elegance and sportsmanship. It was decided that Real Madrid
would wear black shorts in an attempt to replicate the English team, but the initiative lasted just
one year. After being eliminated from the cup by Barcelona with a 1–5 defeat in Madrid and a
2–0 defeat in Catalonia, President Parages decided to return to an all-white kit, claiming that
the other kit brought bad luck.[103] By the early 1940s, the manager changed the kit again by
adding buttons to the shirt and the club's crest on the left breast, which has remained ever
since. On 23 November 1947, in a game against Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium,
Real Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.[30] English club Leeds
United permanently switched their blue shirt for a white one in the 1960s, to emulate the
dominant Real Madrid of the era.[104]
Real's traditional away colours are all blue or all purple. Since the advent of the replica kit
market, the club has also released various other one colour designs, including red, green,
orange and black. The club's kit is manufactured by Adidas, whose contract extends from
1998.[105][106] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor, Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and
1984–85 seasons. Following that, the club was sponsored by Parmalat and Otaysa before a
long-term deal was signed with Teka in 1992.[107][108] In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract
with Teka and for one season and used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote the club's
website. Then, in 2002, a deal was signed with Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the BenQ
Siemens logo appeared on the club's shirt.[109] Real Madrid's shirt sponsor from 2007 until 2013
was bwin.com following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.[110][111] It is currently Fly
Emirates which is set to expire in 2018. In 2015, Madrid signed a new 10-year contract
believed to be worth a total of £850 million (€1 billion), earning £59 million (€64 million) per
season.[112]
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt partner
1980–1982 —
Adidas
1982–1985 Zanussi
1985–1989 Parmalat
1989–1991 Reny Picot

Hummel
1991–1992 Otaysa
1992–1994
1994–1998 Kelme Teka
1998–2001
Adidas
2001–2002 Realmadrid.com[a]
2002–2005 Siemens mobile
2005–2006 Siemens
2006–2007 BenQ-Siemens
2007–2013 bwin
2013– Emirates
1. Jump up^ Realmadrid.com appeared as shirt sponsor to

promote the club's new website.
Grounds
Santiago Bernabéu
Capacity 81,044
Field size 107 m × 72 m (351 ft × 236 ft)[113]
Construction
Broke ground 27 October 1944
Opened 14 December 1947

Architect Manuel Muñoz Monasterio, Luis Alemany Soler,
Antonio Lamela
Further information: Estadio Chamartín, Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, and Alfredo Di Stéfano
Stadium
After moving between grounds, the team moved to the Campo de O'Donnell in 1912, which
remained its home ground for 11 years.[21] After this period, the club moved for one year to
the Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that,
Real Madrid moved its home matches to Estadio Chamartín, which was inaugurated on 17
May 1923 with a match against Newcastle United.[114] In this stadium, which hosted
22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.[23] After some
successes, the 1943 elected president Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Estadio Chamartín
was not big enough for the ambitions of the club, and thus a new stadium was built and was
inaugurated on 14 December 1947.[30][115] This was the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as it is
known today, although it did not acquire the present name until 1955.[31] The first match at the
Bernabéu was played between Real Madrid and the Portuguese club Belenenses and won
by Los Blancos, 3–1, the first goal being scored by Sabino Barinaga.[30]
The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.[116] Since
then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places
went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in
the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions.[116] The latest capacity is
81,044 spectators. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced.[115]Real Madrid has
the fourth-highest of the average attendances of European football clubs, behind only Borussia
Dortmund, Barcelona and Manchester United.[117][118][119][120]
The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 UEFA European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA World
Cup final, the 1957, 1969 and 1980 European Cup finals and the 2010 UEFA Champions
League Final.[121] The stadium has its own Madrid Metro station along the 10 line
called Santiago Bernabéu.[122] On 14 November 2007, the Bernabéu has been upgraded to Elite
Football Stadium status by UEFA.[123]
On 9 May 2006, the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated in the City of Madrid, where
Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and Stade
de Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the match 6–1 with
goals from Sergio Ramos, Antonio Cassano (2), Roberto Soldado (2) and José Manuel Jurado.
The venue is now part of the Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located
outside Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 5,000 people and is Real Madrid Castilla's
home ground. It is named after former Real legend Alfredo Di Stéfano.[124]

Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. records and statistics
See also: Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions
Raúl is Real Madrid's all-time leader in appearances.
Raúl holds the record for most Real Madrid appearances, having played 741 first-team
matches from 1994 to 2010. Iker Casillas comes second with 725 appearances, followed
by Manuel Sanchis, Jr., having played 710 times.[125] The record for a goalkeeper is held by Iker
Casillas, with 725 appearances. With 166 caps (162 while at the club), he is also Real's most
capped international player while with 127 caps (47 while at the club).
Cristiano Ronaldo, the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga
Cristiano Ronaldo is Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, with 406 goals.[126][127] Five other
players have also scored over 200 goals for Real: Alfredo Di Stéfano (1953–
64), Santillana (1971–88), Ferenc Puskás (1958–66), Hugo Sánchez (1985–92) and the
previous goalscoring record-holder Raúl (1994–2010). Cristiano Ronaldo also holds the record
for the most league goals scored in one season (48 in 2014–15), alongside being Real's top
goalscorer of all time in La Liga history with 285 goals. Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches
was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl
in 2005, which now is held by Cristiano Ronaldo with 105 goals. The fastest goal in the history
of the club (12 seconds) was scored by the Brazilian Ronaldo on 3 December 2003 during a
league match against Atlético Madrid.[128]
Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329, which was for
a football cup competition, the Copa del Rey, in 2006. The current legal capacity of the
Santiago Bernabéu is 81,044.[129] The club's average attendance in 2007–08 season was
76,234, the highest in European Leagues.[130] Real has also set records in Spanish football,
most notably the most domestic titles (33 as of 2016–17) and the most seasons won in a row
(five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).[1] With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March
1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga.[131]
Gareth Bale is the club's record signing, costing €100 million in 2013
The club also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League thirteen
times[132] and for the most semi-final appearances (28). As of April 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo is
the all-time top scorer in the UEFA Champions League, with 120 (121 including
qualifiers) goals in total, 104 while playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number
of consecutive participations in the European Cup (before it became the Champions League)
with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70.[133] Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning
streak in all competitions during the 2014–15 season, a Spanish record and fourth
worldwide.[134] The same season the team tied the win-streak for games in the Champions
League, with ten.[135] In September 2017, the club equalled the record of the Brazilian
club Santos, starring Pelé, by scoring in their 73rd consecutive game.[136]
In June 2009, the club broke its own record for the highest transfer fee ever paid in the history
of football by agreeing to pay Manchester United €94 million (£80 million) for the services of
Cristiano Ronaldo.[137][138] The fee of €77.5 million (100 billion lire) for Zinedine Zidane's transfer
from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2001 was the previous highest transfer fee ever paid. This
record (in pound sterling) had been broken previously in June 2009, for a few days, when Real
Madrid agreed to buy Kaká from Milan for €67m (£65 million). The transfer of Tottenham
Hotspur's Gareth Bale in 2013 was reportedly the new world record signing, with the transfer
price expected at around €100 million.[72] In January 2016, documents pertaining to Bale's
transfer were leaked which confirmed a world record transfer fee of €100,759,418.[139] The
club's sale record came on 26 August 2014, when Manchester United signed Ángel Di
María for €75 million.[140]
Support
The number of season tickets at the Bernabéu is capped at 65,000, with the remaining seats made
available to the general public
During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by season
ticket holders, of which the figure is capped at 65,000.[141] To become a season ticket holder
one must first be a socio, or club member. In addition to members, the club has more than
1,800 peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the world. Real
Madrid has the second highest average all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly
attracts over 74,000 fans to the Bernabéu. One of the best supported teams globally, Real
Madrid was the first sports team (and first brand) to reach 100 million fans on Facebook in April
2017.[142][143]
"In the semi-finals we noticed the love from supporters in Marrakesh and it seemed like we were playing at
home. That sums up the greatness of this team. Madrid is God's team and the team of the world."
–Sergio Ramos branded Real Madrid as the "God's team" after he was questioned over Pope Francis'
adherence to 2014 FIFA Club World Cup Final opponents San Lorenzo.[144]
Real Madrid's hardcore supporters are the so-called Ultras Sur supporters, or simply Ultras.
They are known for their extreme right-wing politics, akin to Barcelona's hardcore supporters
group Boixos Nois. The Ultras Surs have developed an alliance with other right wing groups,
most notably Lazio Irriducibili fans, and have also developed an alliance with left-wing groups.
On several occasions, they have racially abused opposing players and have been investigated
by UEFA for doing so.[145][146] Florentino Pérez took it upon himself to ban the Ultras from the
Bernabéu and assign their seats to the general public. This decision was controversial with
some of the Bernabéu faithful, however, as the lively atmosphere of games would suffer as a
result.[147][148] The Ultras have since held protests outside the Bernabéu and have demanded to
be reinstated and allowed to enter the grounds.[149]
Rivalries
El Clásico
Main article: El Clásico
Barcelona players formed a guard of honour for Real Madrid as champions of the league.
There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is
particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Real Madrid and Barcelona is known
as "The Classic" (El Clásico). From the start of national competitions, the clubs were seen as
representatives of two rival regions in Spain, Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities.
The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt
between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish
Civil War.[150] Over the years, the record from Real Madrid and Barcelona is 81 victories for
Madrid, 76 victories for Barcelona, and 39 draws.[151]
During the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975),
all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except
Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned.[152][153] Symbolising the Catalan people's desire
for freedom, Barcelona became "More than a club" ("Més que un club") for the
Catalans.[154] According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to
demonstrate their identity was by joining Barcelona. It was less risky than joining a clandestine
anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence.[155]
On the other hand, Real Madrid was widely seen as the embodiment of the sovereign
oppressive centralism and the fascist regime at management level and beyond– Santiago
Bernabéu, the former club president for whom Real Madrid's stadium is named, fought on
the Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War.[156][157] During the war, however, members of
both clubs, such as Josep Sunyol and Rafael Sánchez Guerra, suffered at the hands of
Francoists.
During the 1950s, the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was
a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo Di Stéfano, who eventually played for Real
Madrid and was key to their subsequent success.[158] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the
European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the European Cup,
with Madrid receiving unfavourable treatment from the referee.[159][160] In 2002, the European
encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and
Madrid's win was watched by more than 500 million people.[161]
El Derbi madrileño
Main article: Madrid Derby
Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match held at Santiago Bernabéu.
The club's nearest neighbour is Atlético Madrid, a rivalry being shared between fans of both
football teams. Although Atlético was founded by three Basque students in 1903, it was joined
in 1904 by dissident members of Madrid FC. Tensions escalated further after Atlético were
merged with the football team of the Spanish airforce (and thus renamed Atlético Aviación),
and in the 1940s, Atlético was perceived as the preferred team of Franco's regime before he
revelled in Real's European success in the 1950s.[162][163] Furthermore, Real supporters initially
came from the middle and upper classes while the Atlético supporters were drawn from the
working class. Today, however, these distinctions are largely blurred. They met for the first
time on 21 February 1929 in matchday three of the first League Championship at the
former Chamartín. It was the first official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.[23]
The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the European Cup when the two
clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at
the Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay, which Real won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained
some revenge when, led by former Real Madrid coach José Villalonga, it defeated its city rivals
in two successive Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.[164]
Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético offered it any serious
challenge, winning Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965, Atlético became the first
team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in more
recent times is very favorable.[165] A high point coming in the 2002–03 season, when Real
clinched the La Liga title after a 0–4 victory at Atlético at the Vicente Calderón Stadium.
Atlético's first win over its city rivals since 1999 came with the Copa del Rey win in May 2013.
In 2013–14, Real and Atlético were finalists of UEFA Champions League, the first final which
hosted two clubs from same city. Real Madrid triumphed with 4–1 in extra time.[166] On 7
February 2015, Real suffered their first defeat in 14 years at the Vicente Calderón, a 4–0
loss.[167] On 28 May 2016, Real and Atlético met again for the Champions League title in Milan,
which resulted in a win for Real after a penalty shootout.[168]
The old classic
Main article: El Viejo Clásico
Real Madrid's Guti (left), and Javi Martínez (centre) and Amorebieta(right) of Athletic Bilbao during a
match at the Bernabéu, 2010
A further minor rivalry exists between Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao. This is known as El
Viejo Clásico (the old classic),[169] so named as the two clubs were dominant in the first half of
the 20th century, meeting in nine Copa del Rey finals including the first in 1903.[170][171] Until 10
December 2011, this fixture was the most played in the history of Spanish football, when it was
surpassed by El Clásico.[172]
Athletic Bilbao, who operate a policy of only using local players,[173] have long since ceased to
be a competitive rival to clubs such as Real Madrid who scour the globe for the best talent;
the Lions have collected no major trophies since 1984 and won only two of the 26 matches
between the teams from 2005–06 to 2016–17.[174][175][169] However, the matches remain keenly
fought due to their historical and cultural significance, with some parallels to the political aspect
of the Barcelona/Catalonia rivalry as Athletic are the largest club in the Basque region.[176][157][163]
European rivalry
See also: Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions § European Cup / UEFA
Champions League
Real Madrid's players celebrate a goal against Bayern Munich in 2007
Real Madrid and Germany's Bayern Munich are two of the most successful clubs in the UEFA
Champions League/European Cup competition, Real winning twelve times and Bayern winning
five times. Although they have never met in a final, Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match
that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 26
matches (12 wins for Madrid, 11 wins for Bayern, with 3 draws),[177] Real's biggest loss at home
in the Champions League came at the hands of Bayern on 29 February 2000, 2–4.[178] Real
Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the "Bestia negra" ("Black Beast").
During the 2010s, the two teams met in the 2011–12 Champions League semi-finals, which
ended 3–3 on aggregate (Bayern won 3–1 on penalties after extra time, but lost the final at
their own stadium), and then at the same stage in the 2013–14 edition with Real Madrid
winning 5–0 on aggregate on their way to winning the competition.[179] They were also drawn
together in the 2016–17 quarter-finals; Real Madrid won 6–3 on aggregate and subsequently
lifted the trophy.[177] The following year, they met in the semi-finals, with Real Madrid again
progressing 4–3.[180]
Arjen Robben, Xabi Alonso, Toni Kroos and James Rodríguez are among the players to
appear for both clubs in the early 21st century.
Finances and ownership

It was under Florentino Pérez's first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid started its
ambition of becoming the world's richest professional football club.[181] The club ceded part of its
training grounds to the city of Madrid in 2001, and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol
YPF, Mutua Automovilística de Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. The sale eradicated the
club's debts, paving the way for it to buy the world's most expensive players, such as Zinedine
Zidane, Luís Figo, Ronaldo and David Beckham. The city had previously rezoned the training
grounds for development, a move which in turn increased their value, and then bought the
site.[48] The European Commission started an investigation into whether the city overpaid for the
property, to be considered a form of state subsidy.[182]
The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real Madrid's debts of €270 million
and enabled the club to embark upon an unprecedented spending spree which brought big-
name players to the club. In addition, profit from the sale was spent on a state-of-the-art
training complex on the city's outskirts.[183] Although Pérez's policy resulted in increased
financial success from the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the world,
especially in Asia, it came under increasing criticism for being too focused on marketing the
Real Madrid brand and not enough on the performances of the team.[51]
By September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable football brand in Europe
by BBDO. In 2008, it was ranked the second-most valuable club in football, with a value of
€951 million (£640 million / $1.285 billion),[184] only beaten by Manchester United, which was
valued at €1.333 billion (£900 million).[185] In 2010, Real Madrid had the highest turnover in
football worldwide.[186] In September 2009, Real Madrid's management announced plans to
open its own dedicated theme park by 2013.[187]
A study at Harvard University concluded that Real Madrid "is one of the 20 most important
brand names and the only one in which its executives, the players, are well-known. We have
some spectacular figures in regard to worldwide support of the club. There are an estimated
287 million people worldwide who follow Real Madrid."[188] In 2010, Forbes evaluated Real
Madrid's worth to be around €992 million (US$1.323 billion), ranking them second after
Manchester United, based on figures from the 2008–09 season.[189][190]According to Deloitte,
Real Madrid had a recorded revenue of €401 million in the same period, ranking first.[191]
Along with Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao and Osasuna, Real Madrid is organised as a registered
association. This means that Real Madrid is owned by its supporters who elect the club
president. The club president cannot invest his own money into the club[192] and the club can
only spend what it earns, which is mainly derived through merchandise sales, television rights
and ticket sales. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but
only membership.[193] The members of Real Madrid, called socios, form an assembly of
delegates which is the highest governing body of the club.[194] As of 2010, the club has
60,000 socios.[195] At the end of the 2009–10 season, the club's board of directors stated that
Real Madrid had a net debt of €244.6 million, €82.1 million lower than the previous fiscal year.
Real Madrid announced that it had a net debt of €170 million after the 2010–11 season. From
2007 to 2011, the club made a net profit of €190 million.[196][197]
During the 2009–10 season, Real Madrid made €150 million through ticket sales, which was
the highest in top-flight football.[196] The club has the highest number of shirt sales a season,
around 1.5 million.[196] For the 2010–11 season its wage bill totalled €169 million, which was
second-highest in Europe behind Barcelona.[198] However, its wage bill to turnover ratio was the
best in Europe at 43 percent, ahead of Manchester United and Arsenal at 46 percent and 50
percent, respectively. In 2013, Forbes listed the club as the world's most valuable sports team,
worth $3.3 billion.[7]
Popular culture
Real Madrid was the featured club in the second edition of the Goal! football movie
trilogy, Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007). The film follows former Newcastle United star
Santiago Muñez as he is first scouted, and then signed by Real Madrid for the 2005–06
season. The film's creators wanted to put emphasis on the changes in Muñez's life after his
move to Madrid. Production was done with the full support of UEFA, allowing the film crew to
use many real life players in cameo roles. Real Madrid squad members featured in the film
included Iker Casillas, Zinedine Zidane, David Beckham, Ronaldo, Roberto
Carlos, Raúl, Sergio Ramos, Robinho, Michael Owen, Míchel Salgado, Júlio Baptista, Steve
McManaman and Iván Helguera. Non-Real Madrid players to make cameo appearances
included Ronaldinho, Thierry Henry, Lionel Messi, Samuel Eto'o, Andrés Iniesta, Pablo
Aimar, Freddie Ljungberg, Cesc Fàbregas and Santiago Cañizares. In the film, both Florentino
Pérez and Alfredo Di Stéfano presented the fictional player Muñez to the club after his
signing.[199]
Real, The Movie is a 2005 part feature, part documentary film that showcases the worldwide
passion for Real Madrid. Produced by the club and directed by Borja Manso, it follows five sub-
stories of fans from around the world and their love for the club. Along with the fictional portion
of the film, it also contains real footage of the squad, during training at Ciudad Real Madrid,
matches, and interviews. Although the film mentions all of the squad, it mainly focuses
on galácticos such as David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Raúl, Luís Figo, Ronaldo, Iker
Casillas, and Roberto Carlos, among others. The film was originally produced in Spanish, but
has been dubbed for their worldwide fanbase.
The book White Storm: 100 years of Real Madrid by Phil Ball was the first English-language
history of Real Madrid. Published in 2002, it talks about the most successful moments of the
club during its first centenary, having been translated into various languages. In late 2011, Real
Madrid released a digital music album, entitled Legends, and a remix of the club's anthem,
"Himno del Real Madrid," was released as the first single from the album.[200]
Real Madrid TV
Real Madrid TV is an encrypted digital television channel, operated by Real Madrid and
specialising in the club. The channel is available in Spanish and English. It is located at Ciudad
Real Madrid in Valdebebas (Madrid), Real Madrid's training centre.
Hala Madrid
Hala Madrid is a magazine published quarterly for the Real Madrid club members and
the Madridistas Fan Club card holders.[201] The phrase Hala Madrid, meaning "Forward Madrid"
or "Go Madrid", is also the title of the club's official anthem, which is often sung by the
Madridistas (the club's fans).[202] The magazine includes reports on the club's matches in the
previous month, as well as information about the reserve and youth teams. Features often
include interviews with players, both past and present, and the club's historic matches.[201]
Video games
Real Madrid has appeared in many football-based video games, namely in the FIFA and Pro
Evolution Soccer series. A Real Madrid player has graced the cover of both titles a combined
seven times. In 2007, Spanish game publisher Virgin Play signed a deal with the club to make
officially licensed Real Madrid video games. The only one released under the deal (due to
Virgin Play's liquidation in September 2009) would end up being Real Madrid: The Game,
which was developed by Atomic Planet Entertainment and was published under Virgin Play's
publishing division V.2 Play in May 2009 for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation
Portable, Windows, Wii and Nintendo DS.
Honours
For a comprehensive listing of Real Madrid honours, see List of Real Madrid C.F. honours.
Real Madrid C.F. honours
Type Competition Titles Seasons
1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–

58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–
67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–
Domestic La Liga[203] 33
78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–
89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–
07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–
Copa del
19 62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–
Rey[203][204]
89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14
Supercopa de
10 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2017
España[203][205]
Copa Eva
1 1947
Duarte
Copa de la
1 1985
Liga[203]
UEFA 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–

Champions 13 66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–
League[203] 17, 2017–18
Continent
UEFA Cup[203][206] 2 1984–85, 1985–86
UEFA Super
4 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017
Cup[203]
Intercontinental
3s 1960, 1998, 2002
Cup[203][207]
Worldwide
FIFA Club
3s 2014, 2016, 2017
World Cup[203]
 record
 s
shared record
Players
Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. players
For a list of all former and current Real Madrid C.F. players with a Wikipedia article,
see Category:Real Madrid C.F. footballers.
Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only
the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual
citizenship with an EU country. Also, players from the ACP countries—countries in Africa, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement—are not counted
against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.
Current squad
As of 8 September 2017[208]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules.
Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No. Position Player No. Position Player

1 GK Keylor Navas 13 GK Kiko Casilla
2 DF Dani Carvajal 14 MF Casemiro
3 DF Jesús Vallejo 15 DF Theo Hernández
4 DF Sergio Ramos (captain)[208] 17 FW Lucas Vázquez
5 DF Raphaël Varane 18 MF Marcos Llorente
6 DF Nacho 19 DF Achraf Hakimi
Cristiano Ronaldo (3rd 20 MF Marco Asensio
7 FW
captain) 21 FW Borja Mayoral
8 MF Toni Kroos 22 MF Isco
Karim Benzema (4th 23 MF Mateo Kovačić
9 FW
captain)
24 MF Dani Ceballos
10 MF Luka Modrić
30 GK Luca Zidane
11 FW Gareth Bale
12 DF Marcelo (vice-captain)[208]
Out on loan

Abner (at Coritiba until 31 Javi Muñoz (at Lorca until 30
— DF — MF
December 2018) June 2018)
Fábio Coentrão (at Sporting Martin
— DF
CP until 30 June 2018) — MF Ødegaard (at Heerenveen until
Philipp 30 June 2018)
— DF Lienhart (at Freiburg until Mink Peeters (at Almere
— MF
30 June 2018) City until 30 June 2018)
Aleix Lucas Silva (at Cruzeiro until
— MF
— MF Febas (at Zaragoza until 30 30 June 2018)
June 2018) Raúl de Tomás (at Rayo
— FW
Federico Vallecano until 30 June 2018)
— MF Valverde (at Deportivo La Sergio Díaz (at Lugo until 30
Coruña until 30 June 2018) — FW
June 2018)
James Rodríguez (at Bayern
— MF
Munich until 30 June 2019)
Personnel
Current technical staff
Former player Zinedine Zidane is the current manager of the
club.
See also: List of Real Madrid C.F. managers
Position Staff
Assistant coach David Bettoni
Assistant coach Hamidou Msaidie
Goalkeeping coach Luis Llopis
Fitness coach Javier Mallo
Fitness coach Antonio Pintus
Match delegate Chendo
 Last updated: 12 June 2017

 Source:[209]
Management
See also: List of Real Madrid C.F. presidents
Spanish businessman Florentino Pérez is the current president

of the club.
Position Staff
1st Vice-president Fernando Fernández Tapias
2nd Vice-president Eduardo Fernández de Blas
Secretary of the Board Enrique Sánchez González
Director General José Ángel Sánchez
Director of the President's Office Manuel Redondo
Director of the Social Area José Luis Sánchez
 Last updated: 7 July 2014

 Source: Board of Directors, Organisation
See also
 Association football portal

 Spain portal
 European Club Association
 List of fan-owned sports teams
Notes
1. Jump up^ The council of FIFA officially recognizes the
winners of the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club
World Cup as club world champions.[13]
References
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol" (in Spanish).
Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
2. Jump up^ "Los vikingos arrasan Europa".
Ligadecampeones.com. 23 November 1960. Archived
from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 18
February 2013.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Luís Miguel González. "Pre-history and first
official title (1900–1910)". Realmadrid.com. Archived
from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
4. Jump up^ "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium | Real Madrid
CF". Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial. Retrieved 26
August 2017.
5. Jump up^ "Deloitte Football Money League 2018".
Deloitte. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
6. Jump up^ "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams".
Forbes.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b Badenhausen, Kurt (15 July 2013). "Real
Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams".
Forbes. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
8. Jump up^ Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The
Global Economics of Sport". p. 65. Routledge,
9. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all
time". BBC. 23 May 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
10. Jump up^ "The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid
1955–60". The Guardian. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 19
March 2015.
11. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 1955–1960". Football's Greatest.
Retrieved 19 March 2015.
12. Jump up^ "World Football: The 11 Most Successful
European Clubs in History". Retrieved 22 January 2012.
13. Jump up^ Press Association Sport (October 2017). "Man
United retrospectively declared 1999 world club champions
by FIFA". ESPN FC. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
14. Jump up^ "The FIFA Club of the Century" (PDF). FIFA. 1
December 2000. Archived from the original on 23 April
15. Jump up^ "FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit". FIFA. 20 May
16. Jump up^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2016". xs4all.nl. 1
December 2000. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
17. Jump up^ "UEFA rankings for club competitions". UEFA.
18. Jump up^ "In what century was Real Madrid founded?" (in
Spanish). CIHEFE. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 9
July 2017.
19. Jump up^ Rowley, Christopher (2015). The Shared Origins
of Football, Rugby, and Soccer. Rowman &
Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-4618-8.
20. Jump up^ Ball, Phil p. 117.
21. ^ Jump up to:a b "History — Chapter 1 – From the Estrada
Lot to the nice, little O'Donnel pitch". Realmadrid.com.
Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 11
July 2008.
22. Jump up^ Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu's debut to the
title of Real(1911–1920)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b c Luís Miguel González (28 February
2007). "A spectacular leap towards the future (1921–
1930)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
24. ^ Jump up to:a b Luís Miguel González. "The first two-time
champion of the League (1931–1940)". Realmadrid.com.
Retrieved 18 July2008.
25. Jump up^ "Real Madrid v Barcelona: six of the best 'El
Clásicos'". The Daily Telegraph. London. 9 December
26. Jump up^ Aguilar, Paco (10 December 1998). "Barca –
Much more than just a Club". FIFA. Archived from the
original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
27. Jump up^ Ball, Phil (12 December 2003). Morbo: the Story
of Spanish Football. WSC Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9540134-
6-2.
28. Jump up^ Spaaij, Ramn (2006). Understanding football
hooliganism: a comparison of six Western European
football clubs. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University
Press. ISBN 978-90-5629-445-8. Retrieved 19
December 2011.
29. ^ Jump up to:a b c "De Franco, el Madrid, el Barca y otras
mentiras de TV3". Diario Gol. Retrieved 25 November 2014
30. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu
begins his office as President building the new Chamartín
Stadium (1941–1950)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
31. ^ Jump up to:a b c Luís Miguel González. "An exceptional
decade (1951–1960)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
32. Jump up^ Matthew Spiro (12 May 2006). "Hats off to
Hanot". uefa.com. Archived from the original on 20 May
2006. Retrieved 11 July2008.
33. Jump up^ "Regulations of the UEFA Champions
League" (PDF). UEFA. Archived from the original (PDF) on
12 March 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.; Page 4, §2.01
"Cup" & Page 26, §16.10 "Title-holder logo"
34. ^ Jump up to:a b Luís Miguel González. "The generational
reshuffle was successful (1961–1970)". Realmadrid.com.
35. Jump up^ "Real Madrid History: 1961–1970".
RealMadrid.com. Retrieved 1 October 2015
36. Jump up^ "Trophy Room". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
37. Jump up^ "European Competitions 1971". RSSS.
38. Jump up^ "Santiago Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com.
Retrieved 12 October2008.
39. ^ Jump up to:a b c "The "Quinta del Buitre" era begins".
Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
40. ^ Jump up to:a b c "The Real Madrid of La Quinta". Marca. 22
May 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
41. Jump up^ "1991–2000 – From Raúl González to the turn
of the new millennium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
42. Jump up^ Marcotti, Gabriele (2008). Capello: The Man
Behind England's World Cup Dream. Bantam Books.
p. 291. ISBN 978-0-553-82566-4.
43. Jump up^ "UEFA Champions League 1999/00 - History".
UEFA. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
44. Jump up^ "The unluckiest manager ever sacked?". BBC
Sport. 24 June 2003. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
45. Jump up^ "Florentino Pérez era" (in Spanish).
46. Jump up^ "Figo's the Real deal". BBC Sport. 24 July 2000.
Retrieved 12 July 2008.
47. Jump up^ "2001 – present — Real Madrid surpasses the
century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 5
December 2015.
48. ^ Jump up to:a b "2001 – present — Real Madrid surpasses
the century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
49. Jump up^ "Real ditch Del Bosque". BBC Sport. 24 June
50. Jump up^ "Chelsea sign Makelele". BBC Sport. 1
September 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
51. ^ Jump up to:a b c Lowe, Sid (2013). "Fear and Loathing in
La Liga: The True Story of Barcelona and Real Madrid". p.
356-357. Random House,
52. Jump up^ "Alberto Moreno angling for Real Madrid move".
Marca. Retrieved 23 August 2014
53. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 0–3 Barcelona". BBC Sport. 19
November 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
54. Jump up^ "Real Madrid sack coach Luxemburgo". BBC
Sport. 4 December 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
55. Jump up^ "Real Madrid concede six in defeat". BBC Sport.
8 February 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
56. Jump up^ "Perez resigns as Madrid president". BBC Sport.
27 February 2006. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
57. Jump up^ "Beckham's farewell cut short but he still departs
a winner". theguardian.com. 18 June 2007. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
58. Jump up^ "Beckham bows out with La Liga title". BBC.
Retrieved 16 August 2014
59. Jump up^ "Perez to return as Real president". BBC Sport.
1 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
60. Jump up^ Wilson, Jeremy (7 June 2009). "Real Madrid to
confirm world record £56m signing of Kaka". The
Telegraph. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
61. Jump up^ "Ronaldo completes £80m Real move". BBC.
62. Jump up^ Tynan, Gordon (28 May 2010). "Mourinho to be
unveiled at Madrid on Monday after £7m compensation
deal". The Independent. London. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
63. Jump up^ "Real Madrid unveil José Mourinho as their new
coach". BBC Sport. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
64. Jump up^ "Barcelona 1 – 1 Real Madrid (agg 3 – 1)". BBC.
Retrieved 3 October 2014
65. Jump up^ 2011–12 La Liga
66. Jump up^ "Cristiano Ronaldo is fastest La Liga player to
100 goals". BBC Sport. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 19
August 2012.
67. Jump up^ "Jose Mourinho, Real Madrid earn vindication
after La Liga conquest – La Liga News | FOX Sports on
MSN". Msn.foxsports.com. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 19
August 2012.
68. Jump up^ "Jose Mourinho: Real Madrid boss to leave next
month". BBC. 20 May 2013.
69. Jump up^ "Jose Mourinho: Real Madrid season worst of
my career". BBC. 17 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
70. Jump up^ "Tactical lineups" (PDF). UEFA.com (Union of
European Football Associations). 24 May 2014.
71. Jump up^ "Carlo Ancelotti named Real Madrid boss,
Laurent Blanc joins PSG". BBC Sport. 25 June 2013.
Retrieved 25 September2013.
72. ^ Jump up to:a b "Gareth Bale transfer". Daily Mirror.
London. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
73. Jump up^ Lowe, Sid (16 April 2014). "Real Madrid's
Gareth Bale gallops past Barcelona to land Copa del
Rey". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
74. Jump up^ "Bayern Munich 0–4 Real Madrid". BBC Sport.
29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
75. Jump up^ "Real Madrid make history with La Decima".
euronews.com. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
76. Jump up^ "Real Madrid to unleash new signings
Rodriguez and Kroos in Super Cup". First Post.
77. Jump up^ "Real Madrid ties with Barcelona in
trophies". Marca. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
78. Jump up^ "Cristiano Ronaldo hits out at loss of Angel di
Maria and Xabi Alonso as Real Madrid star claims he would
have 'done things differently' during summer transfer
window". DailyMail. London. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
79. Jump up^ "Ancelotti: Madrid must start again from
scratch". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
80. Jump up^ "Real Madrid stretch winning run as Ronaldo
and Gareth Bale score". BBC. Retrieved 20 December
2014
81. Jump up^ "Valencia 2 – 1 Real Madrid". BBC. Retrieved 4
January 2015
82. Jump up^ "Florentino Pérez holds a press
conference". realmadrid.com. 25 May 2015.
83. Jump up^ "Rafa Benitez named new coach of Real
Madrid". Sky Sports. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015..
84. Jump up^ "Real Madrid disqualified from Copa del Rey
over fielding Denis Cheryshev despite being
suspended". Independent. 4 December 2015. Retrieved 22
June 2017.
85. Jump up^ "Zidane: a club legend in the Real Madrid
dugout". realmadrid.com. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 4
January 2016.
86. Jump up^ "Zidane replaces Benítez at Real
Madrid". uefa.com. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
87. Jump up^ "2015–16 La Liga Table". Sky Sports. 8 June
88. Jump up^ "Spot-on Real Madrid defeat Atlético in final
again". uefa.com. 28 May 2016.
89. Jump up^ "Carvajal wonder goal wins Super Cup for
Madrid". UEFA.com. Union of European Football
Associations (UEFA). 9 August 2016. Retrieved 15
June 2017.
90. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 3–2 Deportivo de La
Coruña". bbc.com. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
91. Jump up^ "Madrid see off spirited Kashima in electric extra
time final". FIFA. 18 December 2016. Retrieved 18
December 2016.
92. Jump up^ "Real Madrid break Barcelona's Spanish record
as unbeaten run reaches 40". ESPN. 12 January 2017.
93. Jump up^ West, Aaron (15 January 2017). "Sevilla just
snapped Real Madrid's unbeaten streak one match after
they set the record". Fox Sports. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
94. Jump up^ "Real Madrid won their first La Liga title since
2012 thanks to a final-day victory at Malaga". BBC.com. 21
May 2017.
95. Jump up^ Daniel Taylor (3 June 2017). "Real Madrid win
Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats
Juve". theguardian.com. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
96. Jump up^ Andrew Haslam (3 June 2017). "Majestic Real
Madrid win Champions League in Cardiff". UEFA.com.
Retrieved 3 June2017.
97. Jump up^ Das, Andrew; Smith, Rory (3 June
2017). "Champions League Final: Real Madrid Confirms Its
Spot as World's Best". nytimes.com. Retrieved 3
June 2017.
98. Jump up^ Leal, Antonio M. (8 June 2017). "The best
season in history". Realmadrid.com. Madrid, Spain: Real
Madrid Club de Fútbol. Retrieved 9 June 2017. Real Madrid
won four titles for the first time in their 115-year history.
99. Jump up^ "Real Madrid v Manchester United: Super Cup –
as it happened". TheGuardian.com. Guardian Media Group.
8 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
100. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 2 Barcelona 0 (5-1 on
aggregate): Woeful Barca dismissed as Zinedine Zidane's
unstoppable side win Super Cup". Telegraph. 17 August
101. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Escudo Real Madrid" (in Spanish).
santiagobernabeu.com. Archived from the original on 19
October 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
102. Jump up^ "Presidents — Pedro Parages".
103. Jump up^ Real Madrid home kit in 1905 was all-
white, so the supporters began referring to the players
as Los Blancos.
104. Jump up^ "Don Revie statue unveiled 40 years after
FA Cup victory". BBC Sport. 5 May 2012. Retrieved 4
January 2016.
105. Jump up^ "Adidas renews with Real Madrid until
2020". sportspromedia.com. 1 December 2006.
106. Jump up^ "Our Sponsors — Adidas".
107. Jump up^ "Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid
(1902–1989)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com.
109. Jump up^ "BenQ to sponsor giant Real Madrid".
taipeitimes.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
110. Jump up^ Juan José López Soto (11 June
2008). "Real Madrid and Bwin sign sponsorship
agreement". bwinparty.com. Retrieved 18 July2008.
111. Jump up^ "Our Sponsors — bwin.com". bwin.com.
112. Jump up^ "Real Madrid's huge £850m adidas
sponsorship deal revealed". Daily Mail.
113. Jump up^ "Estadio Santiago Bernabéu".
stadiumguide.com. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
115. ^ Jump up to:a b "History — Chapter 3 – The New
Chamartin, an exemplary stadium". Realmadrid.com.
116. ^ Jump up to:a b "60th Anniversary". xtratime.org. 13
December 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
117. Jump up^ "German Bundesliga Stats: Team
Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet.
118. Jump up^ "Camp Nou: Average attendance 79,390".
Arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
119. Jump up^ "Barclays Premier League Stats: Team
120. Jump up^ "Spanish La Liga Stats: Team
121. Jump up^ "Madrid and Hamburg awarded 2010
finals". UEFA.com. Union of European Football
Associations. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on
23 March 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
122. Jump up^ "Santiago Bernabéu station" (in Spanish).
Metromadrid.es. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
123. Jump up^ Javier Palomino (14 November
2007). "The Bernabéu is now Elite". Realmadrid.com.
124. Jump up^ "This one's for you, Alfredo!".
Realmadrid.com. 10 May 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
125. Jump up^ "Legends — Manolo Sanchís Hontiyuela".
realmadrid.com. Archived from the original on 23 February
2014. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
126. Jump up^ "Ronaldo's 501 goals: The numbers behind
his amazing scoring record". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
127. Jump up^ "Conor Brown Equals Di Stéfano's Real
Madrid Record". Retrieved 5 February 2009.
128. Jump up^ "Quickfire Ronaldo proves Real hero".
CNN.com. 3 December 2003. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
129. Jump up^ "Attendances Spain average — Primera
División 2007–2008". European Football Statistics.
Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 16
July 2008.
130. Jump up^ "European Attendances". European
Football Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June
131. Jump up^ "Unbeaten at Home in the League".
rsssf.com. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
132. Jump up^ "History". Uefa.com. Archived from the
original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
133. Jump up^ "History:". Uefa.com. Retrieved 11
July 2008.
134. Jump up^ "Real Madrid win Club World Cup, fourth
title of 2014". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 19 February 2015
135. Jump up^ "Real Madrid equals Bayern's Champions
League win record". Goal. 18 February 2015.
136. Jump up^ "Real Madrid equal Santos' run of 73
consecutive games scoring". Marca. 20 September 2017.
137. Jump up^ "History of the world transfer record". BBC
News. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
138. Jump up^ "Man Utd accept £80m Ronaldo bid". BBC
Sport. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
139. Jump up^ "Gareth Bale contract leak sparks panic at
Real Madrid – and agent's fury" (21 January 2016). The
Telegraph. 21 January 2016.
140. Jump up^ "Angel Di Maria: Man Utd pay British
record £59.7m for winger". BBC Sport. 26 August 2014.
Retrieved 27 August2014.
141. Jump up^ "Real Madrid v Barcelona: Saturday's El
Clasico in numbers". BBC. Retrieved 14 April 2017
142. Jump up^ "Real Madrid C.F. Reaches The 100
Million Likes Mark On Facebook". PR Newswire. 3 April
2017.
143. Jump up^ "Real Madrid eclipse 100 million likes on
Facebook". Realmadrid.com.
144. Jump up^ Navarrete, Lucas (19 December
2014). "Sergio Ramos: "Real Madrid is God's
team"". Managing Madrid. Retrieved 25 April2017. I believe
in God and I respect the Pope. But this is football, after all.
Real Madrid is God and the world's team.
145. Jump up^ "Real supporters reported to Spanish FA".
BBC Sport. 19 April 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
146. Jump up^ "UEFA investigate Real Madrid
supporters". BBC Sport. 25 November 2004. Retrieved 3
June 2008.
147. Jump up^ Kassam, Ashifa (9 December 2013). "Real
Madrid moves to send off Ultras Sur fans". The Guardian.
London. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
148. Jump up^ "A Bernabéu without 'Ultras'". Marca. 9
December 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
149. Jump up^ "Ultras Sur protest outside Bernabeu".
Football Espana. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 1
January 2015.
150. Jump up^ Ghemawat, Pankaj. p. 2
151. Jump up^ "Victory Tracker". Ceroacero.es.
152. Jump up^ Kleiner-Liebau, Désirée. p. 70
153. Jump up^ Ball, Phil (21 April 2002). "The ancient
rivalry of Barcelona and Real Madrid". The Guardian.
London. Retrieved 13 March2010.
154. Jump up^ "Barcelona in the strange and symbolic
eye of a storm over Catalonia". The Guardian. 2 October
2017. Retrieved 9 January2018.
155. Jump up^ Spaaij, Ramón. p. 251
156. Jump up^ Abend, Lisa (20 December
2007). "Barcelona vs. Real Madrid: More Than a
Game". Time. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
157. ^ Jump up to:a b Lowe, Sid (26 March 2001). "Morbo:
The Story of Spanish Football by Phil Ball (London: WSC
Books, 2001)". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
158. Jump up^ Burns, Jimmy. pp. 31–34.
159. Jump up^ "The Joy of Six: Real Madrid v Barcelona
El Clásico classics". The Guardian. 9 April 2010.
160. Jump up^ García, Javier (31 January 2000). "FC
Barcelona vs Real Madrid CF since 1902".
Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 21
August 2010.
161. Jump up^ "Real win Champions League showdown".
BBC News. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
162. Jump up^ Ballout, Richard (7 January 2015). "Why
everything you know about the Madrid derby might be
wrong". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
163. ^ Jump up to:a b FITZPATRICK, Richard (7 October
2012). "Franco, Real Madrid and Spanish football's eternal
power struggle". The Scotsman. Retrieved 14
February 2015.
164. Jump up^ Real have won El Derbi madrileño 75
times.
165. Jump up^ Álvaro Velasco (17 January 2008). "H2H
statistics". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
166. Jump up^ Prince-Wright, Joe. "Real Madrid win
Champions League, seal tenth title after dramatic
comeback". NBC Sports. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
167. Jump up^ Clements, Ashley (7 February
2015). "Atletico Madrid 4–0 Real Madrid MATCH
REPORT". Daily Mail. Retrieved 13 February2015.
168. Jump up^ AZZONI, TALES. "Madrid Rivals Return to
Champions Final". AP. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
169. ^ Jump up to:a b "El viejo Clásico español, Athletic–
Madrid, se despide de San Mamés" [The 'old classic' of
Spain, Athletic–Madrid, says goodbye to San Mamés] (in
Spanish). RTVE. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 16
November 2017.
170. Jump up^ Athletic-Real Madrid Final 1903 Cup
171. Jump up^ "Los Athletic-Real Madrid están a punto de
cumplir 97 años"[Athletic v Real Madrid is reaching the
point of 97 years]. Diario AS (in Spanish). 18 March 2017.
Retrieved 13 November 2017.
172. Jump up^ "El Clásico de los Clásicos: 216 partidos
oficiales" [The classic of all classics: 216 official matches]
(in Spanish). Diario AS. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 13
November 2017.
173. Jump up^ Pete Jenson (26 August 2014). "Pete
Jenson: Athletic Bilbao's locals-only transfer policy shows
success does not need to be bought". The Independent.
174. Jump up^ "Past seasons (filter: versus Real Madrid,
League Championship)". Athletic Bilbao. Retrieved 16
November 2017.
175. Jump up^ "Real Madrid matches (filter: versus
Athletic Club)". Bdfutbol.com. Retrieved 16
November 2017.
176. Jump up^ "Real Madrid repelled as Gorka Iraizoz
emulates the Squid". The Guardian. 18 January 2010.
177. ^ Jump up to:a b "Real Madrid - Record against Bayern
München". worldfootball.net.
178. Jump up^ "Acht Fakten zum Halbfinal-Rückspiel Real
– Bayern" (in German). sportal.de. 25 April 2012. Archived
from the originalon 28 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
179. Jump up^ "Bayern Munich 0–4 Real Madrid". BBC.
180. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 2 Bayern Munich 2: Karim
Benzema brace sends Champions League holders into
third straight final after Bernabeu thriller". Evening
Standard. 1 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May2018.
181. Jump up^ "Perez resigns as Real Madrid president".
BBC. 27 February 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
182. Jump up^ Nash, Elizabeth (4 March 2004). "EU
investigates Real Madrid property deal". London:
independent.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
183. Jump up^ "'Mistakes are forbidden'". CNN/Sports
Illustrated. 8 May 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
184. Jump up^ "The Most Valuable Soccer
Teams". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
185. Jump up^ "The Most Valuable Soccer Teams –
Manchester United". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16
March 2010.
186. Jump up^ "Deloitte Football Money
League" (PDF). Deloitte. 20 October 2003. Archived
from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 16
March 2010.
187. Jump up^ "Real Madrid plan to open their own theme
park". TheSpoiler.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
188. Jump up^ "Noticias". upcomillas.es. Retrieved 23
February 2009.
189. Jump up^ "The Business of Soccer". Forbes. 21 April
190. Jump up^ "Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes. 30
June 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
191. Jump up^ "Real Madrid becomes the first sports
team in the world to generate €400m in revenues as it tops
Deloitte Football Money League". Deloitte. Archived
from the original on 5 August 2010. Retrieved 7
August 2010.
192. Jump up^ "How Real Madrid can afford their transfer
spending splurge? – ESPN Soccernet".
Soccernet.espn.go.com. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 4
July 2012.
193. Jump up^ Peterson, Marc p. 25
194. Jump up^ Andreff, Wladimir; Szymański, Stefan
(2006). Handbook on the economics of sport. Edward Elgar
Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 1-84376-608-6.
195. Jump up^ "Real Madrid drama. The oldest supporter
died" (in Romanian). ziare.com. 2010. Retrieved 21
September 2010.
196. ^ Jump up to:a b c The Swiss Rambler (21 June
2011). "The Swiss Ramble: Real Madrid And Financial Fair
Play". Swissramble.blogspot.ie. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
197. Jump up^ "Real Madrid C.F. – Official Web Site –
Real Madrid's annual turnover amounts to €480.2 million,
showing an 8.6% increase over the previous financial year".
goal.com. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
198. Jump up^ Rodrigues, Jason (3 May 2012). "Football
clubs dominate the world ranking of highest-paying sports
clubs". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
199. Jump up^ "Goal! 2: Living the Dream...
(2007)". IMDb. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
200. Jump up^ "Real Madrid launches Legends music
album". Real Madrid CF. 2011. Archived from the
original on 5 November 2011.
201. ^ Jump up to:a b "Hala Madrid quarterly magazine".
Real Madrid. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
202. Jump up^ "From Handel to Hala Madrid: music of
champions". UEFA.com. 22 January 2016.
203. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i "Football
honours". Realmadrid.com. Madrid, Spain: Real Madrid
Club de Fútbol. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
204. Jump up^ "Copa del Rey –
Palmarés". MARCA.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 11
May 2017.
205. Jump up^ Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer,
Carles Lozano (25 August 2016). "Spain – List of Super
Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
(RSSSF). Retrieved 11 May 2017.
206. Jump up^ "From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA
Europa League". UEFA.com. Union of European Football
Associations (UEFA). Retrieved 11 May 2017. The UEFA
Europa League evolved from the UEFA Cup, which itself
was conceived by Switzerland's Ernst Thommen, along with
Italy's Ottorino Barrasi and England's Sir Stanley Rous.
207. Jump up^ Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel (30
April 2005). "Intercontinental Club Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer
Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
208. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Plantilla de Jugadores del Real
Madrid | Real Madrid CF" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com.
209. Jump up^ "Real Madrid Squad". Real Madrid.
Further reading
 Dénes, Tamás & Rochy, Zoltán (2002). Real Madrid.
Aréna 2000. ISBN 963-86167-5-X.
 Ball, Phil (2003). Morbo: The Story of Spanish
Football (New ed.). WSC Books Limited. ISBN 0-
9540134-6-8.
 Ball, Phil (2003). White Storm: The Story of Real Madrid.
Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-763-8.
 McManaman, Steve & Edworthy, Sarah (2003). El Macca:
Four Years with Real Madrid. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-
7434-8920-9.
 Luis Miguel González; Luis González López; Fundación
Real Madrid (2002). Real Madrid: Cien años de leyenda,
1902–2002. Everest. ISBN 84-241-9215-X.
 Mandis, Steven G. (2016). The Real Madrid Way: How
Values Created the Most Successful Sports Team on the
Planet. BenBella Books. ISBN 978-1942952541.
External links
media related to Real
Madrid C.F..
Wikinews has news

related to:
Real Madrid
Official websites
 Official website (in Arabic) (in Chinese) (in English) (in

French) (in Indonesian) (in Japanese) (in Portuguese) (in
Spanish)
 Real Madrid C.F. at La Liga (in English) (in Spanish)
 Real Madrid C.F. at UEFA (in English) (in Spanish)
[show]
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol
[show]
Real Madrid related articles
[show]
La Liga
[show]
Real Madrid membership
[show]
Real Madrid honours
Categories:
 Real Madrid C.F.
 La Liga clubs
 Football clubs in Madrid
 Football clubs in Spain
 Copa del Rey winners
 G-14 clubs
 Multi-sport clubs in Spain
 Unrelegated association football clubs
 Organisations based in Spain with royal patronage
 Association football clubs established in 1902
 1902 establishments in Spain
 UEFA Champions League winning clubs
 UEFA Cup winning clubs
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 View source
 View history
Search
 Main page
 Contents
 Current events
 Random article
 Wikipedia store
Interaction
 Help
 About Wikipedia
 Recent changes
 Contact page
Tools
 What links here
 Related changes
 Upload file
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Wikidata item
 Cite this page
Print/export
 Create a book
 Download as PDF
In other projects
 Wikinews
Languages
 Deutsch
 Español
 Hrvatski
 Кыргызча
 Magyar
 Română
102 more
Edit links
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to
the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of
the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
 Privacy policy
 About Wikipedia
 Disclaimers
 Developers
 Mobile view
Real Madrid C.F.

"Real Madrid" redirects here. For the basketball team, see Real Madrid Baloncesto. For other
uses, see Real Madrid (disambiguation).
Real Madrid
Full name Real Madrid Club de Fútbol[1]
Nickname(s) Los Blancos (The Whites)
El Real (The Royal)
Los Merengues (The Meringues)
Los Vikingos (The Vikings)[2]
Short name Real, RM, RMA, RMD
Founded 6 March 1902; 116 years ago
as Madrid Football Club[3]
Ground Santiago Bernabéu Stadium
Capacity 81,044[4]
League La Liga
2017–18 3rd
Website Club website
Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season
Active departments of Real Madrid
Football Football B Football U-19
Basketball Basketball B
Closed departments of Real Madrid
Football C Handball
Rugby Volleyball
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Royal
Madrid Football Club"), commonly known as Real Madrid, or simply as Real, is a
professional football club based in Madrid, Spain.
Founded on 6 March 1902 as the Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white
home kit since inception. The word real is Spanish for "royal" and was bestowed to the club
by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. The team has played
its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid
since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (socios) have
owned and operated the club throughout its history.
The club was estimated to be worth €3.24 billion ($3.65 billion) in 2015, and in the 2016–17
season it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of
€674.6 million.[5][6][7] The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world.[8] Real
Madrid is one of three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated from the
top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona. The club holds many long-standing
rivalries, most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atlético Madrid.
Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during
the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This
success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven
years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc
Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the
greatest team of all time.[9][10][11] In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33
La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de
la Liga.[12] In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a
record 13 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA
Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world
championships.[note 1]
Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December
2000,[14] and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004.[15] The club was also
awarded Best European Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS on 11 May 2010. In June 2017,
the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win back to back Champions Leagues, then
made it three in a row in May 2018, extending their lead atop the UEFA club rankings.[16][17]
Contents
[hide]
 1History
o 1.1Early years (1902–1945)
o 1.2Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–
1978)
o 1.3Quinta del Buitre and sustained success (1980–2000)
o 1.4Centenary and FIFA Club of the Century (2000–2009)
o 1.5Arrival of Cristiano Ronaldo (2009–present)
 1.5.1La Décima and European treble
 2Crest and colours
o 2.1Emblem
o 2.2Home kit
 3Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
 4Grounds
 6Support
 7Rivalries
o 7.1El Clásico
o 7.2El Derbi madrileño
o 7.3The old classic
o 7.4European rivalry
 8Finances and ownership
 9Popular culture
o 9.1Real Madrid TV
o 9.2Hala Madrid
o 9.3Video games
 10Honours
 11Players
o 11.1Current squad
o 11.2Out on loan
 12Personnel
o 12.1Current technical staff
o 12.2Management
 13See also
 14Notes
 15References
 16Further reading
History
Main article: History of Real Madrid C.F.
Early years (1902–1945)
Julián Palacios, the first president of the club in 1900–1902

Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and
students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, which included
several Cambridge and Oxford University graduates. They founded (Sociedad) Sky Football in
1897, commonly known as La Sociedad (The Society) as it was the only one based in Madrid,
playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. In 1900, conflict between members caused some of
them to leave and create a new club, Nueva Sociedad de Football (New Society of Football), to
distinguish themselves from Sky Football. Among the dissenters were Julián Palacios,
recognized as the first Real Madrid president, Juan Padrós and Carlos Padrós, the latter two
being brothers and future presidents of Real Madrid. In 1901 this new club was renamed as
Madrid Football Club. Later, following a restructuring in 1902, Sky was renamed as "New Foot-
Ball Club".[18][19][20] On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had been
elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.[3]
Real Madrid team in 1906
Three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first title after defeating Athletic
Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the founding sides of the Royal
Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when club president Adolfo Meléndez signed
the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA. After moving between grounds the team moved
to the Campo de O'Donnellin 1912.[21] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid
after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Real (Royal) to the club.[22]
In 1929, the first Spanish football league was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season
until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to
Barcelona.[23] Real Madrid won its first League title in the 1931–32 season. Real won the
League again the following year, becoming the first team to have won the championship
twice.[24]
On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic caused the club to lose the title
Real and went back to being named Madrid Football Club. Football continued during the
Second World War, and on 13 June 1943 Madrid beat Barcelona 11–1 in the second leg of a
semi-final[25] of the Copa del Generalísimo, the Copa del Rey having been renamed in honour
of General Franco. It has been suggested Barcelona players were intimidated by
police,[26] including by the director of state security who "allegedly told the team that some of
them were only playing because of the regime's generosity in permitting them to remain in the
country."[27] The Barcelona chairman, Enric Piñeyro, was assaulted by Madrid fans.[28] However,
none of these allegations have been proven and FIFA and UEFA still consider the result as
legitimate. According to Spanish journalist and writer, Juan Carlos Pasamontes, Barcelona
player Josep Valle denied that the Spanish security forces came before the match.[29] Instead,
at the end of the first half, Barcelona coach Juan José Nogués and all of his players were
angry with the hard-style of play Real Madrid was using and with the aggressiveness of the
home crowd.[29] When they refused to take the field, the Superior Chief of Police of Madrid
appeared, identified himself, and ordered the team to take the field.[29]
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–1978)
Alfredo Di Stéfano led the club to win five European Cups consecutively (currently the Champions
League).
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste became president of Real Madrid in 1945.[30] Under his presidency,
the club, its stadium Santiago Bernabéu and its training facilities Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt
after the Spanish Civil War damages. Additionally, during the 1950s former Real Madrid
Amateurs player Miguel Malbo founded Real Madrid's youth academy, or "cantera," known
today as La Fábrica. Beginning in 1953, he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class
players from abroad, the most prominent being Alfredo Di Stéfano.[31]
Amancio Amaro, captain of the Yé-yé team of the 1960s
In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by Gabriel Hanot, a French sports journalist and editor
of L'Équipe, Bernabéu, Bedrignan and Gusztáv Sebes created a tournament for the champions
teams around Europe, under invitation, that would eventually become what today is known as
the UEFA Champions League.[32] It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid
established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the
European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden
Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960.[31] After these five consecutive successes, Real
was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of
honour.[33]
The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in the
final with a team composed entirely of same nationality players, a first in the
competition.[34] This team became known as the Yé-yé. The name "Yé-yé" came from the
"Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in The Beatles' song "She Loves You" after four members of the
team posed for Marca and impersonated the Beatles.[35] The Yé-yé generation was also
European Cup runner-up in 1962 and 1964.[34] In the 1970s, Real Madrid won five league
championships and three Spanish Cups.[36]The club played its first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
final in 1971 and lost to English side Chelsea 2–1.[37] On 2 July 1978, club president Santiago
Bernabéu died while the World Cup was being played in Argentina. FIFA decreed three days of
mourning to honour him during the tournament.[38] The following year, the club organized the
first edition of the Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in memory of its former president.
Quinta del Buitre and sustained success (1980–2000)
Casillas
Helguera
Karanka
Campo
Salgado
Roberto Carlos
McManaman
Redondo (C)
Anelka
Raúl
Morientes
2000 UEFA Champions League Finalstarting lineup
By the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the Liga title until a new cohort of home-
grown stars brought domestic success back to the club.[39][40] Spanish sport journalist Julio
César Iglesias gave to this generation the name La Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"),
which was derived from the nickname given to one of its members, Emilio Butragueño. The
other four members were Manuel Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza; all
five footballers were graduates of Real Madrid's youth academy.[39][40] With La Quinta del
Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left for Zaragoza in 1986) and notable players
like goalkeeper Francisco Buyo, right-back Miguel Porlán Chendo and Mexican striker Hugo
Sánchez, Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half
of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup
and three Spanish Super Cups.[39][40] In the early 1990s, La Quinta del Buitre split up after
Martín Vázquez, Emilio Butragueño and Míchel left the club.
In 1996, President Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted
only one season, Real Madrid was proclaimed league champion and players like Roberto
Carlos, Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker and Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen
a squad that already boasted the likes of Raúl, Fernando Hierro, Iván Zamorano,
and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of Fernando Morientes in
1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for its seventh European Cup: in 1998, under
manager Jupp Heynckes, they defeated Juventus 1–0 in the final with a goal from Predrag
Mijatović.[41]
In 1999, lack of popularity with the fans and a fall out with Lorenzo Sanz resulted in Capello
being sacked,[42] and Vicente del Bosque eventually taking over in November of that year. The
squad was also largely different from the previous squad: the budding young talent of
Raúl, Iker Casillas, Fernando Morientes and Guti being supported with the arrival of Steve
McManaman and Nicolas Anelka from the English Premier League, alongside local
talents Míchel Salgado, and Iván Helguera and the older veterans such as Fernando Hierro
and Roberto Carlos. In Del Bosque's first season in charge, Real won the European
Cup/Champions League for the eight time, following a 3–0 victory over Valencia in the final
with goals from Morientes, McManaman and Raúl.[43] This victory marked the beginning of a
successful period in Real Madrid's history.[44]
Centenary and FIFA Club of the Century (2000–2009)
See also: Galácticos
César
Hierro (C)
Helguera
Salgado
Roberto Carlos
Makélélé
Figo
Solari
Zidane
Raúl
Morientes
2002 UEFA Champions League Finalstarting lineup.
In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president.[45] He vowed in his campaign to
erase the club's €270 million debt and modernize the club's facilities. However, the primary
electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of Luís Figo from arch-rivals
Barcelona.[46] The following year, the club had its training ground rezoned and used the money
to begin assembling the Galácticos team by signing a global star every summer, which
included Zinedine Zidane, Ronaldo, Luís Figo, David Beckham and Fabio Cannavaro.[47] It is
debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite winning the UEFA Champions League and
an Intercontinental Cup in 2002, followed by La Liga in 2003, the club failed to win a major
trophy for the next three seasons.[48]
Beckham (23) and Zidane(5) were considered Galácticos.

The few days after the capturing of the 2003 Liga title were surrounded with controversy. The
first controversial decision came when Pérez sacked winning coach Vicente del
Bosque.[49] Over a dozen players left the club, including Madrid captain Fernando Hierro, while
defensive midfielder Claude Makélélé refused to take part in training in protest at being one of
the lowest-paid players at the club and subsequently moved to Chelsea.[50] "That's a lot [of
players leaving] when the normal rule is: never change a winning team," stated Zidane.[51] Real
Madrid, with newly appointed coach Carlos Queiroz, started their domestic league slowly after
a hard win over Real Betis.[51]
The 2005–06 season began with the promise of several new signings: Júlio
Baptista (€24 million), Robinho (€30 million) and Sergio Ramos (€27 million).[52] However, Real
Madrid suffered from some poor results, including a 0–3 loss at the hands of Barcelona at the
Santiago Bernabéu in November 2005.[53] Madrid's coach Wanderley Luxemburgo was sacked
the following month and his replacement was Juan Ramón López Caro.[54] A brief return to form
came to an abrupt halt after losing the first leg of the Copa del Rey quarterfinal, 6–1 to Real
Zaragoza.[55] Shortly after, Real Madrid were eliminated from the Champions League for a
fourth successive year, this time at the hands of Arsenal. On 27 February 2006, Florentino
Pérez resigned.[56]
Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently appointed
Fabio Capello as the new coach and Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director. Real
Madrid won the Liga title in 2007 for the first time in four years, but Capello was nonetheless
sacked at the end of the campaign.[57] The title was won on 17 June, where Real
faced Mallorca at the Bernabéu while Barcelona and Sevilla, the other title challengers,
faced Gimnàstic de Tarragona and Villarreal, respectively. At half-time, Real were 0–1 down,
while Barcelona had surged ahead into a 0–3 lead in Tarragona. However, three goals in the
last half-hour secured Madrid a 3–1 win and their first league title since 2003.[58]
Arrival of Cristiano Ronaldo (2009–present)
Cristiano Ronaldo was the club's most expensive signing when he joined in 2009, costing €94 million.
On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency.[59] Pérez continued with
the Galácticos policy pursued in his first term, buying Kaká from Milan for a record-breaking (in
pound sterling) sum of £56 million,[60] and then breaking the record again by
purchasing Cristiano Ronaldo from Manchester United for £80 million.[61]
José Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010.[62][63] In April 2011, a strange occurrence
happened when, for the first time ever, four Clásicos were to be played in a span of just 18
days. The first fixture was for the Liga campaign on 17 April (which ended 1–1 with penalty
goals for both sides), the Copa del Rey final (which ended 1–0 to Madrid) and the controversial
two-legged Champions League semifinal on 27 April and 2 May (3–1 loss on aggregate) to
Barcelona.[64]
In the 2011–12 La Liga season, Real Madrid won La Liga for a record 32nd time in the
league's history, also finishing the season with numerous club-level records set, including 100
points reached in a single season, a total of 121 goals scored, a goal difference of +89 and 16
away wins, with 32 wins overall.[65] In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo become the fastest
player to reach 100 goals scored in Spanish league history. In reaching 101 goals in 92 games,
Ronaldo surpassed Real Madrid legend Ferenc Puskás, who scored 100 goals in 105
matches. Ronaldo set a new club mark for individual goals scored in one year (60), and
became the first player ever to score against all 19 opposition teams in a single season.[66][67]
Real Madrid began the 2012–13 season winning the Supercopa de España, defeating
Barcelona on away goals, but finished as second in the league competition. A major transfer of
the season was signing from Tottenham Hotspur of Luka Modrić for a fee in the region of
£33 million. After a disappointing extra time loss to Atlético Madrid in the 2013 Copa del Rey
Final, Pérez announced the departure of José Mourinho at the end of the season by "mutual
agreement".[68][69]
La Décima and European treble
Casillas (C)
Ramos
Varane
Carvajal
Coentrão
Khedira
Modrić
Di María
Bale
Ronaldo
Benzema
2014 UEFA Champions League Finalstarting lineup[70]
On 25 June 2013, Carlo Ancelotti succeeded Mourinho to become the manager of Real Madrid
on a three-year deal, with Zinedine Zidane named as one of his assistants.[71] On 1 September
2013, the long-awaited transfer of Gareth Bale from Tottenham Hotspur was announced. The
transfer of the Welshman was reportedly the new world record signing, with the transfer price
approximated at €100 million.[72] In Ancelotti's first season at the club, Real Madrid won the
Copa del Rey, with Bale scoring the winner in the final against Barcelona.[73] On 24 May, Real
Madrid defeated city rivals Atlético Madrid in the 2014 Champions League Final, winning their
first European title since 2002,[74] and becoming the first team to win ten European
Cups/Champions League titles, an achievement known as "La Décima".[75]
After winning the 2014 Champions League, Real Madrid signed goalkeeper Keylor Navas,
midfielder Toni Kroos and attacking midfielder James Rodríguez.[76] The club won the 2014
UEFA Super Cupagainst Sevilla, the club's 79th official trophy.[77] During the last week of the
2014 summer transfer window, Real Madrid sold two players key in the previous season's
successes: Xabi Alonso to Bayern Munich and Ángel Di María to Manchester United. This
decision from the club was surrounded by controversy, with Cristiano Ronaldo stating, "If I was
in charge, maybe I would have done things differently," while Carlo Ancelotti admitted, "We
must start again from zero."[78][79]
Real Madrid won a tenth European Cup in 2014, an achievement known as La Décima. The club won the
trophy again in 2016, 2017 and 2018.
After a slow start to the 2014–15 La Liga season, Real Madrid went on a record-breaking 22-
match winning streak, which included wins against Barcelona and Liverpool, surpassing the
previous Spanish record of 18 successive wins set by Frank Rijkaard's Barça in the 2005–06
season.[80] The streak came to an end in their opening match of 2015 with a loss to Valencia,
leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24 consecutive wins.[81] The club
failed to retain the Champions League (losing to Juventus in the semi-finals) and the Copa del
Rey, and also failed to land the league title (finishing two points and a place behind champions
Barcelona), shortcomings that all preceded Ancelotti's dismissing on 25 May 2015.[82]
On 3 June 2015, Rafael Benítez was confirmed as the new Real Madrid manager, signing a
three-year contract.[83] Real Madrid remained unbeaten in the league until a 3–2 loss at Sevilla
in the 11th matchday. This was followed by a 0–4 home loss in the first Clásico of the season
against Barcelona. In the Copa del Rey Round of 32, Real fielded an ineligible player in Denis
Cheryshev in a 1–3 first leg win away against Cádiz, resulting in the second leg being
cancelled and Real being disqualified.[84] Benítez was relieved of his duties on 4 January 2016
following allegations of unpopularity with supporters, displeasure with players and a failure to
get good results against top teams.[85]
On 4 January 2016, Benítez's departure was announced along with the promotion of Zinedine
Zidane to his first head coaching role.[86] Under Zidane, Real ended up finishing in second
place, just one point behind champions Barcelona, in the 2015–16 La Liga.[87] On 28 May, Real
Madrid won their 11th Champions League title, extending their record for most successes in
the competition, with the achievement being termed "La Undécima".[88]
Zidane, with his Real Madrid players, standing to the right of Madrid mayor Manuela Carmena after Real
had won their 33rd La Liga title, May 2017
Real Madrid began their 2016–17 campaign, which was to be Zidane's first full season in
charge of the club, with victory in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup.[89] On 10 December 2016, Madrid
won their 35th-straight match without a loss, which set a new club record.[90] On 18 December
2016, Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club
World Cup.[91] With a 3–3 draw at Sevilla on 12 January 2017, Madrid's unbeaten run extended
to 40, breaking Barcelona's Spanish record of 39 matches unbeaten in all competitions from
the previous season.[92] Their unbeaten streak ended after a 1–2 away loss against Sevilla in La
Liga three days later.[93] In May that year, Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga for a record 33rd
time, their first title in five years.[94] On 3 June, the club’s Champions League Final win against
Juventus resulted in Real Madrid being the first team to successfully defend their title in the
UEFA Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since
Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup.[95][96] Real
Madrid's title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is
also known as "La Duodécima".[97] The 2016–17 season was the greatest campaign in terms of
trophies won in the history of Real Madrid.[98]
Real Madrid won the 2017 UEFA Super Cup 2–1 against Manchester United.[99] Five days later,
Real Madrid beat Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the first leg of the 2017 Supercopa de
España, before winning the second leg 2–0, ending a 24 consecutive scoring record of
Barcelona in El Clásico matches, and with a 5–1 aggregate score.[100] Real Madrid also won
their third successive UEFA Champions League in 2018, becoming the first club to win three
straight UEFA Champions League titles since the tournament's inception, as well as the first
team to win three straight in European competition since Bayern Munich in the 1970s.
Crest and colours

Emblem

1902
1908
1920
1931

1941
The first crest had a simple design consisting of a decorative interlacing of the three initials of
the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Fútbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the
crest occurred in 1908 when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside
a circle.[101] The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the presidency
of Pedro Parages in 1920. At that time, King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage
which came in the form of the title "Real Madrid," meaning "Royal."[102] Thus, Alfonso's crown
was added to the crest and the club styled itself Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.[101]
With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all the royal symbols (the crown on the crest and
the title of Real) were eliminated. The crown was replaced by the dark mulberry band of the
Region of Castile.[24] In 1941, two years after the end of the Civil War, the crest's "Real
Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored while the mulberry stripe of Castile was retained as
well.[30] In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent,
and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.[101] The most recent modification to
the crest occurred in 2001 when the club wanted to better situate itself for the 21st century and
further standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe
to a more bluish shade.[101]
Home kit
1902–1911
1911–1925
1925–1926
1926–1931
1931–1954
1954–1955
1955–present
Real Madrid has maintained the white shirt for its home kit throughout the history of the club.
There was, however, one season that the shirt and shorts were not both white. It was an
initiative undertaken by Escobal and Quesada in 1925; the two were traveling through England
when they noticed the kit worn by London-based team Corinthian F.C., one of the most famous
teams at the time known for its elegance and sportsmanship. It was decided that Real Madrid
would wear black shorts in an attempt to replicate the English team, but the initiative lasted just
one year. After being eliminated from the cup by Barcelona with a 1–5 defeat in Madrid and a
2–0 defeat in Catalonia, President Parages decided to return to an all-white kit, claiming that
the other kit brought bad luck.[103] By the early 1940s, the manager changed the kit again by
adding buttons to the shirt and the club's crest on the left breast, which has remained ever
since. On 23 November 1947, in a game against Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium,
Real Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.[30] English club Leeds
United permanently switched their blue shirt for a white one in the 1960s, to emulate the
dominant Real Madrid of the era.[104]
Real's traditional away colours are all blue or all purple. Since the advent of the replica kit
market, the club has also released various other one colour designs, including red, green,
orange and black. The club's kit is manufactured by Adidas, whose contract extends from
1998.[105][106] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor, Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and
1984–85 seasons. Following that, the club was sponsored by Parmalat and Otaysa before a
long-term deal was signed with Teka in 1992.[107][108] In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract
with Teka and for one season and used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote the club's
website. Then, in 2002, a deal was signed with Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the BenQ
Siemens logo appeared on the club's shirt.[109] Real Madrid's shirt sponsor from 2007 until 2013
was bwin.com following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.[110][111] It is currently Fly
Emirates which is set to expire in 2018. In 2015, Madrid signed a new 10-year contract
believed to be worth a total of £850 million (€1 billion), earning £59 million (€64 million) per
season.[112]
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt partner
1980–1982 —
Adidas
1982–1985 Zanussi
1985–1989 Parmalat
1989–1991 Reny Picot

Hummel
1991–1992 Otaysa
1992–1994
1994–1998 Kelme Teka
1998–2001
2001–2002 Realmadrid.com[a]
2002–2005 Siemens mobile
2005–2006 Adidas Siemens
2006–2007 BenQ-Siemens
2007–2013 bwin
2013– Emirates
1. Jump up^ Realmadrid.com appeared as shirt sponsor to

promote the club's new website.
Grounds
Santiago Bernabéu
Capacity 81,044
Field size 107 m × 72 m (351 ft × 236 ft)[113]
Construction
Broke ground 27 October 1944
Opened 14 December 1947
Architect Manuel Muñoz Monasterio, Luis Alemany Soler,
Antonio Lamela
Further information: Estadio Chamartín, Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, and Alfredo Di Stéfano
Stadium
After moving between grounds, the team moved to the Campo de O'Donnell in 1912, which
remained its home ground for 11 years.[21] After this period, the club moved for one year to
the Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that,
Real Madrid moved its home matches to Estadio Chamartín, which was inaugurated on 17
May 1923 with a match against Newcastle United.[114] In this stadium, which hosted
22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.[23] After some
successes, the 1943 elected president Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Estadio Chamartín
was not big enough for the ambitions of the club, and thus a new stadium was built and was
inaugurated on 14 December 1947.[30][115] This was the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as it is
known today, although it did not acquire the present name until 1955.[31] The first match at the
Bernabéu was played between Real Madrid and the Portuguese club Belenenses and won
by Los Blancos, 3–1, the first goal being scored by Sabino Barinaga.[30]
The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.[116] Since
then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places
went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in
the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions.[116] The latest capacity is
81,044 spectators. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced.[115]Real Madrid has
the fourth-highest of the average attendances of European football clubs, behind only Borussia
Dortmund, Barcelona and Manchester United.[117][118][119][120]
The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 UEFA European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA World
Cup final, the 1957, 1969 and 1980 European Cup finals and the 2010 UEFA Champions
League Final.[121] The stadium has its own Madrid Metro station along the 10 line
called Santiago Bernabéu.[122] On 14 November 2007, the Bernabéu has been upgraded to Elite
Football Stadium status by UEFA.[123]
On 9 May 2006, the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated in the City of Madrid, where
Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and Stade
de Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the match 6–1 with
goals from Sergio Ramos, Antonio Cassano (2), Roberto Soldado (2) and José Manuel Jurado.
The venue is now part of the Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located
outside Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 5,000 people and is Real Madrid Castilla's
home ground. It is named after former Real legend Alfredo Di Stéfano.[124]

Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. records and statistics
See also: Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions
Raúl is Real Madrid's all-time leader in appearances.
Raúl holds the record for most Real Madrid appearances, having played 741 first-team
matches from 1994 to 2010. Iker Casillas comes second with 725 appearances, followed
by Manuel Sanchis, Jr., having played 710 times.[125] The record for a goalkeeper is held by Iker
Casillas, with 725 appearances. With 166 caps (162 while at the club), he is also Real's most
capped international player while with 127 caps (47 while at the club).
Cristiano Ronaldo, the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga
Cristiano Ronaldo is Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, with 406 goals.[126][127] Five other
players have also scored over 200 goals for Real: Alfredo Di Stéfano (1953–
64), Santillana (1971–88), Ferenc Puskás (1958–66), Hugo Sánchez (1985–92) and the
previous goalscoring record-holder Raúl (1994–2010). Cristiano Ronaldo also holds the record
for the most league goals scored in one season (48 in 2014–15), alongside being Real's top
goalscorer of all time in La Liga history with 285 goals. Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches
was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl
in 2005, which now is held by Cristiano Ronaldo with 105 goals. The fastest goal in the history
of the club (12 seconds) was scored by the Brazilian Ronaldo on 3 December 2003 during a
league match against Atlético Madrid.[128]
Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329, which was for
a football cup competition, the Copa del Rey, in 2006. The current legal capacity of the
Santiago Bernabéu is 81,044.[129] The club's average attendance in 2007–08 season was
76,234, the highest in European Leagues.[130] Real has also set records in Spanish football,
most notably the most domestic titles (33 as of 2016–17) and the most seasons won in a row
(five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).[1] With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March
1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga.[131]
Gareth Bale is the club's record signing, costing €100 million in 2013
The club also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League thirteen
times[132] and for the most semi-final appearances (28). As of April 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo is
the all-time top scorer in the UEFA Champions League, with 120 (121 including
qualifiers) goals in total, 104 while playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number
of consecutive participations in the European Cup (before it became the Champions League)
with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70.[133] Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning
streak in all competitions during the 2014–15 season, a Spanish record and fourth
worldwide.[134] The same season the team tied the win-streak for games in the Champions
League, with ten.[135] In September 2017, the club equalled the record of the Brazilian
club Santos, starring Pelé, by scoring in their 73rd consecutive game.[136]
In June 2009, the club broke its own record for the highest transfer fee ever paid in the history
of football by agreeing to pay Manchester United €94 million (£80 million) for the services of
Cristiano Ronaldo.[137][138] The fee of €77.5 million (100 billion lire) for Zinedine Zidane's transfer
from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2001 was the previous highest transfer fee ever paid. This
record (in pound sterling) had been broken previously in June 2009, for a few days, when Real
Madrid agreed to buy Kaká from Milan for €67m (£65 million). The transfer of Tottenham
Hotspur's Gareth Bale in 2013 was reportedly the new world record signing, with the transfer
price expected at around €100 million.[72] In January 2016, documents pertaining to Bale's
transfer were leaked which confirmed a world record transfer fee of €100,759,418.[139] The
club's sale record came on 26 August 2014, when Manchester United signed Ángel Di
María for €75 million.[140]
Support
The number of season tickets at the Bernabéu is capped at 65,000, with the remaining seats made
available to the general public
During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by season
ticket holders, of which the figure is capped at 65,000.[141] To become a season ticket holder
one must first be a socio, or club member. In addition to members, the club has more than
1,800 peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the world. Real
Madrid has the second highest average all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly
attracts over 74,000 fans to the Bernabéu. One of the best supported teams globally, Real
Madrid was the first sports team (and first brand) to reach 100 million fans on Facebook in April
2017.[142][143]
"In the semi-finals we noticed the love from supporters in Marrakesh and it seemed like we were playing at
home. That sums up the greatness of this team. Madrid is God's team and the team of the world."
–Sergio Ramos branded Real Madrid as the "God's team" after he was questioned over Pope Francis'
adherence to 2014 FIFA Club World Cup Final opponents San Lorenzo.[144]
Real Madrid's hardcore supporters are the so-called Ultras Sur supporters, or simply Ultras.
They are known for their extreme right-wing politics, akin to Barcelona's hardcore supporters
group Boixos Nois. The Ultras Surs have developed an alliance with other right wing groups,
most notably Lazio Irriducibili fans, and have also developed an alliance with left-wing groups.
On several occasions, they have racially abused opposing players and have been investigated
by UEFA for doing so.[145][146] Florentino Pérez took it upon himself to ban the Ultras from the
Bernabéu and assign their seats to the general public. This decision was controversial with
some of the Bernabéu faithful, however, as the lively atmosphere of games would suffer as a
result.[147][148] The Ultras have since held protests outside the Bernabéu and have demanded to
be reinstated and allowed to enter the grounds.[149]
Rivalries
El Clásico
Main article: El Clásico
Barcelona players formed a guard of honour for Real Madrid as champions of the league.
There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is
particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Real Madrid and Barcelona is known
as "The Classic" (El Clásico). From the start of national competitions, the clubs were seen as
representatives of two rival regions in Spain, Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities.
The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt
between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish
Civil War.[150] Over the years, the record from Real Madrid and Barcelona is 81 victories for
Madrid, 76 victories for Barcelona, and 39 draws.[151]
During the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975),
all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except
Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned.[152][153] Symbolising the Catalan people's desire
for freedom, Barcelona became "More than a club" ("Més que un club") for the
Catalans.[154] According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to
demonstrate their identity was by joining Barcelona. It was less risky than joining a clandestine
anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence.[155]
On the other hand, Real Madrid was widely seen as the embodiment of the sovereign
oppressive centralism and the fascist regime at management level and beyond– Santiago
Bernabéu, the former club president for whom Real Madrid's stadium is named, fought on
the Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War.[156][157] During the war, however, members of
both clubs, such as Josep Sunyol and Rafael Sánchez Guerra, suffered at the hands of
Francoists.
During the 1950s, the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was
a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo Di Stéfano, who eventually played for Real
Madrid and was key to their subsequent success.[158] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the
European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the European Cup,
with Madrid receiving unfavourable treatment from the referee.[159][160] In 2002, the European
encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and
Madrid's win was watched by more than 500 million people.[161]
El Derbi madrileño
Main article: Madrid Derby
Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match held at Santiago Bernabéu.
The club's nearest neighbour is Atlético Madrid, a rivalry being shared between fans of both
football teams. Although Atlético was founded by three Basque students in 1903, it was joined
in 1904 by dissident members of Madrid FC. Tensions escalated further after Atlético were
merged with the football team of the Spanish airforce (and thus renamed Atlético Aviación),
and in the 1940s, Atlético was perceived as the preferred team of Franco's regime before he
revelled in Real's European success in the 1950s.[162][163] Furthermore, Real supporters initially
came from the middle and upper classes while the Atlético supporters were drawn from the
working class. Today, however, these distinctions are largely blurred. They met for the first
time on 21 February 1929 in matchday three of the first League Championship at the
former Chamartín. It was the first official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.[23]
The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the European Cup when the two
clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at
the Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay, which Real won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained
some revenge when, led by former Real Madrid coach José Villalonga, it defeated its city rivals
in two successive Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.[164]
Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético offered it any serious
challenge, winning Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965, Atlético became the first
team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in more
recent times is very favorable.[165] A high point coming in the 2002–03 season, when Real
clinched the La Liga title after a 0–4 victory at Atlético at the Vicente Calderón Stadium.
Atlético's first win over its city rivals since 1999 came with the Copa del Rey win in May 2013.
In 2013–14, Real and Atlético were finalists of UEFA Champions League, the first final which
hosted two clubs from same city. Real Madrid triumphed with 4–1 in extra time.[166] On 7
February 2015, Real suffered their first defeat in 14 years at the Vicente Calderón, a 4–0
loss.[167] On 28 May 2016, Real and Atlético met again for the Champions League title in Milan,
which resulted in a win for Real after a penalty shootout.[168]
The old classic
Main article: El Viejo Clásico
Real Madrid's Guti (left), and Javi Martínez (centre) and Amorebieta(right) of Athletic Bilbao during a
match at the Bernabéu, 2010
A further minor rivalry exists between Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao. This is known as El
Viejo Clásico (the old classic),[169] so named as the two clubs were dominant in the first half of
the 20th century, meeting in nine Copa del Rey finals including the first in 1903.[170][171] Until 10
December 2011, this fixture was the most played in the history of Spanish football, when it was
surpassed by El Clásico.[172]
Athletic Bilbao, who operate a policy of only using local players,[173] have long since ceased to
be a competitive rival to clubs such as Real Madrid who scour the globe for the best talent;
the Lions have collected no major trophies since 1984 and won only two of the 26 matches
between the teams from 2005–06 to 2016–17.[174][175][169] However, the matches remain keenly
fought due to their historical and cultural significance, with some parallels to the political aspect
of the Barcelona/Catalonia rivalry as Athletic are the largest club in the Basque region.[176][157][163]
European rivalry
See also: Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions § European Cup / UEFA
Champions League
Real Madrid's players celebrate a goal against Bayern Munich in 2007
Real Madrid and Germany's Bayern Munich are two of the most successful clubs in the UEFA
Champions League/European Cup competition, Real winning twelve times and Bayern winning
five times. Although they have never met in a final, Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match
that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 26
matches (12 wins for Madrid, 11 wins for Bayern, with 3 draws),[177] Real's biggest loss at home
in the Champions League came at the hands of Bayern on 29 February 2000, 2–4.[178] Real
Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the "Bestia negra" ("Black Beast").
During the 2010s, the two teams met in the 2011–12 Champions League semi-finals, which
ended 3–3 on aggregate (Bayern won 3–1 on penalties after extra time, but lost the final at
their own stadium), and then at the same stage in the 2013–14 edition with Real Madrid
winning 5–0 on aggregate on their way to winning the competition.[179] They were also drawn
together in the 2016–17 quarter-finals; Real Madrid won 6–3 on aggregate and subsequently
lifted the trophy.[177] The following year, they met in the semi-finals, with Real Madrid again
progressing 4–3.[180]
Arjen Robben, Xabi Alonso, Toni Kroos and James Rodríguez are among the players to
appear for both clubs in the early 21st century.
Finances and ownership

It was under Florentino Pérez's first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid started its
ambition of becoming the world's richest professional football club.[181] The club ceded part of its
training grounds to the city of Madrid in 2001, and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol
YPF, Mutua Automovilística de Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. The sale eradicated the
club's debts, paving the way for it to buy the world's most expensive players, such as Zinedine
Zidane, Luís Figo, Ronaldo and David Beckham. The city had previously rezoned the training
grounds for development, a move which in turn increased their value, and then bought the
site.[48] The European Commission started an investigation into whether the city overpaid for the
property, to be considered a form of state subsidy.[182]
The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real Madrid's debts of €270 million
and enabled the club to embark upon an unprecedented spending spree which brought big-
name players to the club. In addition, profit from the sale was spent on a state-of-the-art
training complex on the city's outskirts.[183] Although Pérez's policy resulted in increased
financial success from the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the world,
especially in Asia, it came under increasing criticism for being too focused on marketing the
Real Madrid brand and not enough on the performances of the team.[51]
By September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable football brand in Europe
by BBDO. In 2008, it was ranked the second-most valuable club in football, with a value of
€951 million (£640 million / $1.285 billion),[184] only beaten by Manchester United, which was
valued at €1.333 billion (£900 million).[185] In 2010, Real Madrid had the highest turnover in
football worldwide.[186] In September 2009, Real Madrid's management announced plans to
open its own dedicated theme park by 2013.[187]
A study at Harvard University concluded that Real Madrid "is one of the 20 most important
brand names and the only one in which its executives, the players, are well-known. We have
some spectacular figures in regard to worldwide support of the club. There are an estimated
287 million people worldwide who follow Real Madrid."[188] In 2010, Forbes evaluated Real
Madrid's worth to be around €992 million (US$1.323 billion), ranking them second after
Manchester United, based on figures from the 2008–09 season.[189][190]According to Deloitte,
Real Madrid had a recorded revenue of €401 million in the same period, ranking first.[191]
Along with Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao and Osasuna, Real Madrid is organised as a registered
association. This means that Real Madrid is owned by its supporters who elect the club
president. The club president cannot invest his own money into the club[192] and the club can
only spend what it earns, which is mainly derived through merchandise sales, television rights
and ticket sales. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but
only membership.[193] The members of Real Madrid, called socios, form an assembly of
delegates which is the highest governing body of the club.[194] As of 2010, the club has
60,000 socios.[195] At the end of the 2009–10 season, the club's board of directors stated that
Real Madrid had a net debt of €244.6 million, €82.1 million lower than the previous fiscal year.
Real Madrid announced that it had a net debt of €170 million after the 2010–11 season. From
2007 to 2011, the club made a net profit of €190 million.[196][197]
During the 2009–10 season, Real Madrid made €150 million through ticket sales, which was
the highest in top-flight football.[196] The club has the highest number of shirt sales a season,
around 1.5 million.[196] For the 2010–11 season its wage bill totalled €169 million, which was
second-highest in Europe behind Barcelona.[198] However, its wage bill to turnover ratio was the
best in Europe at 43 percent, ahead of Manchester United and Arsenal at 46 percent and 50
percent, respectively. In 2013, Forbes listed the club as the world's most valuable sports team,
worth $3.3 billion.[7]
Popular culture
Real Madrid was the featured club in the second edition of the Goal! football movie
trilogy, Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007). The film follows former Newcastle United star
Santiago Muñez as he is first scouted, and then signed by Real Madrid for the 2005–06
season. The film's creators wanted to put emphasis on the changes in Muñez's life after his
move to Madrid. Production was done with the full support of UEFA, allowing the film crew to
use many real life players in cameo roles. Real Madrid squad members featured in the film
included Iker Casillas, Zinedine Zidane, David Beckham, Ronaldo, Roberto
Carlos, Raúl, Sergio Ramos, Robinho, Michael Owen, Míchel Salgado, Júlio Baptista, Steve
McManaman and Iván Helguera. Non-Real Madrid players to make cameo appearances
included Ronaldinho, Thierry Henry, Lionel Messi, Samuel Eto'o, Andrés Iniesta, Pablo
Aimar, Freddie Ljungberg, Cesc Fàbregas and Santiago Cañizares. In the film, both Florentino
Pérez and Alfredo Di Stéfano presented the fictional player Muñez to the club after his
signing.[199]
Real, The Movie is a 2005 part feature, part documentary film that showcases the worldwide
passion for Real Madrid. Produced by the club and directed by Borja Manso, it follows five sub-
stories of fans from around the world and their love for the club. Along with the fictional portion
of the film, it also contains real footage of the squad, during training at Ciudad Real Madrid,
matches, and interviews. Although the film mentions all of the squad, it mainly focuses
on galácticos such as David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Raúl, Luís Figo, Ronaldo, Iker
Casillas, and Roberto Carlos, among others. The film was originally produced in Spanish, but
has been dubbed for their worldwide fanbase.
The book White Storm: 100 years of Real Madrid by Phil Ball was the first English-language
history of Real Madrid. Published in 2002, it talks about the most successful moments of the
club during its first centenary, having been translated into various languages. In late 2011, Real
Madrid released a digital music album, entitled Legends, and a remix of the club's anthem,
"Himno del Real Madrid," was released as the first single from the album.[200]
Real Madrid TV
Real Madrid TV is an encrypted digital television channel, operated by Real Madrid and
specialising in the club. The channel is available in Spanish and English. It is located at Ciudad
Real Madrid in Valdebebas (Madrid), Real Madrid's training centre.
Hala Madrid
Hala Madrid is a magazine published quarterly for the Real Madrid club members and
the Madridistas Fan Club card holders.[201] The phrase Hala Madrid, meaning "Forward Madrid"
or "Go Madrid", is also the title of the club's official anthem, which is often sung by the
Madridistas (the club's fans).[202] The magazine includes reports on the club's matches in the
previous month, as well as information about the reserve and youth teams. Features often
include interviews with players, both past and present, and the club's historic matches.[201]
Video games
Real Madrid has appeared in many football-based video games, namely in the FIFA and Pro
Evolution Soccer series. A Real Madrid player has graced the cover of both titles a combined
seven times. In 2007, Spanish game publisher Virgin Play signed a deal with the club to make
officially licensed Real Madrid video games. The only one released under the deal (due to
Virgin Play's liquidation in September 2009) would end up being Real Madrid: The Game,
which was developed by Atomic Planet Entertainment and was published under Virgin Play's
publishing division V.2 Play in May 2009 for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation
Portable, Windows, Wii and Nintendo DS.
Honours
For a comprehensive listing of Real Madrid honours, see List of Real Madrid C.F. honours.
Real Madrid C.F. honours
Type Competition Titles Seasons
1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–

58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–
67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–
La Liga[203] 33
78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–
89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–
07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–
Copa del
19 62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–
Rey[203][204]
89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14
Domestic
Supercopa de
10 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2017
España[203][205]
Copa Eva
1 1947
Duarte
Copa de la
1 1985
Liga[203]
UEFA 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–

Champions 13 66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–
League[203] 17, 2017–18
Continent
UEFA Cup[203][206] 2 1984–85, 1985–86
UEFA Super
4 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017
Cup[203]
Intercontinental
Worldwide 3s 1960, 1998, 2002
Cup[203][207]
FIFA Club
3s 2014, 2016, 2017
World Cup[203]
 record
 s
shared record
Players
Main article: List of Real Madrid C.F. players
For a list of all former and current Real Madrid C.F. players with a Wikipedia article,
see Category:Real Madrid C.F. footballers.
Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only
the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual
citizenship with an EU country. Also, players from the ACP countries—countries in Africa, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement—are not counted
against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.
Current squad
As of 8 September 2017[208]

1 GK Keylor Navas 13 GK Kiko Casilla
2 DF Dani Carvajal 14 MF Casemiro
3 DF Jesús Vallejo 15 DF Theo Hernández
4 DF Sergio Ramos (captain)[208] 17 FW Lucas Vázquez
5 DF Raphaël Varane 18 MF Marcos Llorente
6 DF Nacho 19 DF Achraf Hakimi
Cristiano Ronaldo (3rd 20 MF Marco Asensio
7 FW
captain) 21 FW Borja Mayoral
8 MF Toni Kroos 22 MF Isco
Karim Benzema (4th 23 MF Mateo Kovačić
9 FW
captain)
24 MF Dani Ceballos
10 MF Luka Modrić
30 GK Luca Zidane
11 FW Gareth Bale
12 DF Marcelo (vice-captain)[208]
Out on loan

Abner (at Coritiba until 31 Javi Muñoz (at Lorca until 30
— DF — MF
December 2018) June 2018)
Fábio Coentrão (at Sporting
— DF
CP until 30 June 2018)
Philipp Martin
— DF Lienhart (at Freiburg until — MF Ødegaard (at Heerenveen until
30 June 2018) 30 June 2018)
Aleix Mink Peeters (at Almere
— MF
— MF Febas (at Zaragoza until 30 City until 30 June 2018)
June 2018) Lucas Silva (at Cruzeiro until
— MF
Federico 30 June 2018)
— MF Valverde (at Deportivo La Raúl de Tomás (at Rayo
Coruña until 30 June 2018) — FW
Vallecano until 30 June 2018)
James Rodríguez (at Bayern Sergio Díaz (at Lugo until 30
— MF — FW
Munich until 30 June 2019) June 2018)
Personnel
Current technical staff
Former player Zinedine Zidane is the current manager of the

club.
See also: List of Real Madrid C.F. managers
Position Staff
Assistant coach David Bettoni
Assistant coach Hamidou Msaidie

Goalkeeping coach Luis Llopis
Fitness coach Javier Mallo
Fitness coach Antonio Pintus
Match delegate Chendo
 Last updated: 12 June 2017

 Source:[209]
Management
See also: List of Real Madrid C.F. presidents
Spanish businessman Florentino Pérez is the current president

of the club.
Position Staff
1st Vice-president Fernando Fernández Tapias
2nd Vice-president Eduardo Fernández de Blas
Secretary of the Board Enrique Sánchez González

Director General José Ángel Sánchez
Director of the President's Office Manuel Redondo
Director of the Social Area José Luis Sánchez
 Last updated: 7 July 2014

 Source: Board of Directors, Organisation
See also
 Association football portal

 Spain portal
 European Club Association

 List of fan-owned sports teams
Notes
1. Jump up^ The council of FIFA officially recognizes the
winners of the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club
World Cup as club world champions.[13]
References
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol" (in Spanish).
Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
2. Jump up^ "Los vikingos arrasan Europa".
Ligadecampeones.com. 23 November 1960. Archived
from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 18
February 2013.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Luís Miguel González. "Pre-history and first
official title (1900–1910)". Realmadrid.com. Archived
from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
4. Jump up^ "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium | Real Madrid
CF". Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial. Retrieved 26
August 2017.
5. Jump up^ "Deloitte Football Money League 2018".
Deloitte. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
6. Jump up^ "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams".
Forbes.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b Badenhausen, Kurt (15 July 2013). "Real
Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams".
Forbes. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
8. Jump up^ Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The
Global Economics of Sport". p. 65. Routledge,
9. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all
time". BBC. 23 May 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
10. Jump up^ "The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid
1955–60". The Guardian. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 19
March 2015.
11. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 1955–1960". Football's Greatest.
Retrieved 19 March 2015.
12. Jump up^ "World Football: The 11 Most Successful
European Clubs in History". Retrieved 22 January 2012.
13. Jump up^ Press Association Sport (October 2017). "Man
United retrospectively declared 1999 world club champions
by FIFA". ESPN FC. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
14. Jump up^ "The FIFA Club of the Century" (PDF). FIFA. 1
December 2000. Archived from the original on 23 April
15. Jump up^ "FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit". FIFA. 20 May
16. Jump up^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2016". xs4all.nl. 1
December 2000. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
17. Jump up^ "UEFA rankings for club competitions". UEFA.
18. Jump up^ "In what century was Real Madrid founded?" (in
Spanish). CIHEFE. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 9
July 2017.
19. Jump up^ Rowley, Christopher (2015). The Shared Origins
of Football, Rugby, and Soccer. Rowman &
Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-4618-8.
21. ^ Jump up to:a b "History — Chapter 1 – From the Estrada
Lot to the nice, little O'Donnel pitch". Realmadrid.com.
Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 11
July 2008.
22. Jump up^ Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu's debut to the
title of Real(1911–1920)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b c Luís Miguel González (28 February
2007). "A spectacular leap towards the future (1921–
1930)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
24. ^ Jump up to:a b Luís Miguel González. "The first two-time
champion of the League (1931–1940)". Realmadrid.com.
25. Jump up^ "Real Madrid v Barcelona: six of the best 'El
Clásicos'". The Daily Telegraph. London. 9 December
26. Jump up^ Aguilar, Paco (10 December 1998). "Barca –
Much more than just a Club". FIFA. Archived from the
original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
27. Jump up^ Ball, Phil (12 December 2003). Morbo: the Story
of Spanish Football. WSC Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9540134-
6-2.
28. Jump up^ Spaaij, Ramn (2006). Understanding football
hooliganism: a comparison of six Western European
football clubs. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University
Press. ISBN 978-90-5629-445-8. Retrieved 19
December 2011.
29. ^ Jump up to:a b c "De Franco, el Madrid, el Barca y otras
mentiras de TV3". Diario Gol. Retrieved 25 November 2014
30. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu
begins his office as President building the new Chamartín
Stadium (1941–1950)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
31. ^ Jump up to:a b c Luís Miguel González. "An exceptional
decade (1951–1960)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
32. Jump up^ Matthew Spiro (12 May 2006). "Hats off to
Hanot". uefa.com. Archived from the original on 20 May
33. Jump up^ "Regulations of the UEFA Champions
League" (PDF). UEFA. Archived from the original (PDF) on
12 March 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.; Page 4, §2.01
"Cup" & Page 26, §16.10 "Title-holder logo"
34. ^ Jump up to:a b Luís Miguel González. "The generational
reshuffle was successful (1961–1970)". Realmadrid.com.
35. Jump up^ "Real Madrid History: 1961–1970".
RealMadrid.com. Retrieved 1 October 2015
36. Jump up^ "Trophy Room". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
37. Jump up^ "European Competitions 1971". RSSS.
38. Jump up^ "Santiago Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com.
Retrieved 12 October2008.
39. ^ Jump up to:a b c "The "Quinta del Buitre" era begins".
40. ^ Jump up to:a b c "The Real Madrid of La Quinta". Marca. 22
May 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
41. Jump up^ "1991–2000 – From Raúl González to the turn
of the new millennium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
42. Jump up^ Marcotti, Gabriele (2008). Capello: The Man
Behind England's World Cup Dream. Bantam Books.
p. 291. ISBN 978-0-553-82566-4.
43. Jump up^ "UEFA Champions League 1999/00 - History".
UEFA. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
44. Jump up^ "The unluckiest manager ever sacked?". BBC
Sport. 24 June 2003. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
45. Jump up^ "Florentino Pérez era" (in Spanish).
46. Jump up^ "Figo's the Real deal". BBC Sport. 24 July 2000.
47. Jump up^ "2001 – present — Real Madrid surpasses the
century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 5
December 2015.
48. ^ Jump up to:a b "2001 – present — Real Madrid surpasses
the century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
49. Jump up^ "Real ditch Del Bosque". BBC Sport. 24 June
50. Jump up^ "Chelsea sign Makelele". BBC Sport. 1
September 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
51. ^ Jump up to:a b c Lowe, Sid (2013). "Fear and Loathing in
La Liga: The True Story of Barcelona and Real Madrid". p.
356-357. Random House,
52. Jump up^ "Alberto Moreno angling for Real Madrid move".
Marca. Retrieved 23 August 2014
53. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 0–3 Barcelona". BBC Sport. 19
November 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
54. Jump up^ "Real Madrid sack coach Luxemburgo". BBC
Sport. 4 December 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
55. Jump up^ "Real Madrid concede six in defeat". BBC Sport.
8 February 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
56. Jump up^ "Perez resigns as Madrid president". BBC Sport.
27 February 2006. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
57. Jump up^ "Beckham's farewell cut short but he still departs
a winner". theguardian.com. 18 June 2007. Retrieved 12
July 2008.
58. Jump up^ "Beckham bows out with La Liga title". BBC.
59. Jump up^ "Perez to return as Real president". BBC Sport.
1 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
60. Jump up^ Wilson, Jeremy (7 June 2009). "Real Madrid to
confirm world record £56m signing of Kaka". The
Telegraph. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
61. Jump up^ "Ronaldo completes £80m Real move". BBC.
62. Jump up^ Tynan, Gordon (28 May 2010). "Mourinho to be
unveiled at Madrid on Monday after £7m compensation
deal". The Independent. London. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
63. Jump up^ "Real Madrid unveil José Mourinho as their new
coach". BBC Sport. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
64. Jump up^ "Barcelona 1 – 1 Real Madrid (agg 3 – 1)". BBC.
Retrieved 3 October 2014
65. Jump up^ 2011–12 La Liga
66. Jump up^ "Cristiano Ronaldo is fastest La Liga player to
100 goals". BBC Sport. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 19
August 2012.
67. Jump up^ "Jose Mourinho, Real Madrid earn vindication
after La Liga conquest – La Liga News | FOX Sports on
MSN". Msn.foxsports.com. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 19
August 2012.
68. Jump up^ "Jose Mourinho: Real Madrid boss to leave next
month". BBC. 20 May 2013.
69. Jump up^ "Jose Mourinho: Real Madrid season worst of
my career". BBC. 17 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
70. Jump up^ "Tactical lineups" (PDF). UEFA.com (Union of
European Football Associations). 24 May 2014.
71. Jump up^ "Carlo Ancelotti named Real Madrid boss,
Laurent Blanc joins PSG". BBC Sport. 25 June 2013.
Retrieved 25 September2013.
72. ^ Jump up to:a b "Gareth Bale transfer". Daily Mirror.
London. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
73. Jump up^ Lowe, Sid (16 April 2014). "Real Madrid's
Gareth Bale gallops past Barcelona to land Copa del
Rey". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
74. Jump up^ "Bayern Munich 0–4 Real Madrid". BBC Sport.
29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
75. Jump up^ "Real Madrid make history with La Decima".
euronews.com. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
76. Jump up^ "Real Madrid to unleash new signings
Rodriguez and Kroos in Super Cup". First Post.
77. Jump up^ "Real Madrid ties with Barcelona in
trophies". Marca. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
78. Jump up^ "Cristiano Ronaldo hits out at loss of Angel di
Maria and Xabi Alonso as Real Madrid star claims he would
have 'done things differently' during summer transfer
window". DailyMail. London. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
79. Jump up^ "Ancelotti: Madrid must start again from
scratch". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
80. Jump up^ "Real Madrid stretch winning run as Ronaldo
and Gareth Bale score". BBC. Retrieved 20 December
2014
81. Jump up^ "Valencia 2 – 1 Real Madrid". BBC. Retrieved 4
January 2015
82. Jump up^ "Florentino Pérez holds a press
conference". realmadrid.com. 25 May 2015.
83. Jump up^ "Rafa Benitez named new coach of Real
Madrid". Sky Sports. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015..
84. Jump up^ "Real Madrid disqualified from Copa del Rey
over fielding Denis Cheryshev despite being
suspended". Independent. 4 December 2015. Retrieved 22
June 2017.
85. Jump up^ "Zidane: a club legend in the Real Madrid
dugout". realmadrid.com. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 4
January 2016.
86. Jump up^ "Zidane replaces Benítez at Real
Madrid". uefa.com. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
87. Jump up^ "2015–16 La Liga Table". Sky Sports. 8 June
88. Jump up^ "Spot-on Real Madrid defeat Atlético in final
again". uefa.com. 28 May 2016.
89. Jump up^ "Carvajal wonder goal wins Super Cup for
Madrid". UEFA.com. Union of European Football
Associations (UEFA). 9 August 2016. Retrieved 15
June 2017.
90. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 3–2 Deportivo de La
Coruña". bbc.com. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
91. Jump up^ "Madrid see off spirited Kashima in electric extra
time final". FIFA. 18 December 2016. Retrieved 18
December 2016.
92. Jump up^ "Real Madrid break Barcelona's Spanish record
as unbeaten run reaches 40". ESPN. 12 January 2017.
93. Jump up^ West, Aaron (15 January 2017). "Sevilla just
snapped Real Madrid's unbeaten streak one match after
they set the record". Fox Sports. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
94. Jump up^ "Real Madrid won their first La Liga title since
2012 thanks to a final-day victory at Malaga". BBC.com. 21
May 2017.
95. Jump up^ Daniel Taylor (3 June 2017). "Real Madrid win
Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats
Juve". theguardian.com. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
96. Jump up^ Andrew Haslam (3 June 2017). "Majestic Real
Madrid win Champions League in Cardiff". UEFA.com.
Retrieved 3 June2017.
97. Jump up^ Das, Andrew; Smith, Rory (3 June
2017). "Champions League Final: Real Madrid Confirms Its
Spot as World's Best". nytimes.com. Retrieved 3
June 2017.
98. Jump up^ Leal, Antonio M. (8 June 2017). "The best
season in history". Realmadrid.com. Madrid, Spain: Real
Madrid Club de Fútbol. Retrieved 9 June 2017. Real Madrid
won four titles for the first time in their 115-year history.
99. Jump up^ "Real Madrid v Manchester United: Super Cup –
as it happened". TheGuardian.com. Guardian Media Group.
8 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
100. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 2 Barcelona 0 (5-1 on
aggregate): Woeful Barca dismissed as Zinedine Zidane's
unstoppable side win Super Cup". Telegraph. 17 August
101. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "Escudo Real Madrid" (in Spanish).
santiagobernabeu.com. Archived from the original on 19
October 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
102. Jump up^ "Presidents — Pedro Parages".
103. Jump up^ Real Madrid home kit in 1905 was all-
white, so the supporters began referring to the players
as Los Blancos.
104. Jump up^ "Don Revie statue unveiled 40 years after
FA Cup victory". BBC Sport. 5 May 2012. Retrieved 4
January 2016.
105. Jump up^ "Adidas renews with Real Madrid until
2020". sportspromedia.com. 1 December 2006.
106. Jump up^ "Our Sponsors — Adidas".
109. Jump up^ "BenQ to sponsor giant Real Madrid".
taipeitimes.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
110. Jump up^ Juan José López Soto (11 June
2008). "Real Madrid and Bwin sign sponsorship
agreement". bwinparty.com. Retrieved 18 July2008.
111. Jump up^ "Our Sponsors — bwin.com". bwin.com.
112. Jump up^ "Real Madrid's huge £850m adidas
sponsorship deal revealed". Daily Mail.
113. Jump up^ "Estadio Santiago Bernabéu".
stadiumguide.com. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
115. ^ Jump up to:a b "History — Chapter 3 – The New
Chamartin, an exemplary stadium". Realmadrid.com.
116. ^ Jump up to:a b "60th Anniversary". xtratime.org. 13
December 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
117. Jump up^ "German Bundesliga Stats: Team
118. Jump up^ "Camp Nou: Average attendance 79,390".
Arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
119. Jump up^ "Barclays Premier League Stats: Team
120. Jump up^ "Spanish La Liga Stats: Team
121. Jump up^ "Madrid and Hamburg awarded 2010
finals". UEFA.com. Union of European Football
Associations. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on
23 March 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
122. Jump up^ "Santiago Bernabéu station" (in Spanish).
Metromadrid.es. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
123. Jump up^ Javier Palomino (14 November
2007). "The Bernabéu is now Elite". Realmadrid.com.
124. Jump up^ "This one's for you, Alfredo!".
Realmadrid.com. 10 May 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
125. Jump up^ "Legends — Manolo Sanchís Hontiyuela".
realmadrid.com. Archived from the original on 23 February
2014. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
126. Jump up^ "Ronaldo's 501 goals: The numbers behind
his amazing scoring record". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
127. Jump up^ "Conor Brown Equals Di Stéfano's Real
Madrid Record". Retrieved 5 February 2009.
128. Jump up^ "Quickfire Ronaldo proves Real hero".
CNN.com. 3 December 2003. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
129. Jump up^ "Attendances Spain average — Primera
División 2007–2008". European Football Statistics.
Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 16
July 2008.
130. Jump up^ "European Attendances". European
Football Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June
131. Jump up^ "Unbeaten at Home in the League".
rsssf.com. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
132. Jump up^ "History". Uefa.com. Archived from the
original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
133. Jump up^ "History:". Uefa.com. Retrieved 11
July 2008.
134. Jump up^ "Real Madrid win Club World Cup, fourth
title of 2014". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 19 February 2015
135. Jump up^ "Real Madrid equals Bayern's Champions
League win record". Goal. 18 February 2015.
136. Jump up^ "Real Madrid equal Santos' run of 73
consecutive games scoring". Marca. 20 September 2017.
137. Jump up^ "History of the world transfer record". BBC
News. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
138. Jump up^ "Man Utd accept £80m Ronaldo bid". BBC
Sport. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
139. Jump up^ "Gareth Bale contract leak sparks panic at
Real Madrid – and agent's fury" (21 January 2016). The
Telegraph. 21 January 2016.
140. Jump up^ "Angel Di Maria: Man Utd pay British
record £59.7m for winger". BBC Sport. 26 August 2014.
Retrieved 27 August2014.
141. Jump up^ "Real Madrid v Barcelona: Saturday's El
Clasico in numbers". BBC. Retrieved 14 April 2017
142. Jump up^ "Real Madrid C.F. Reaches The 100
Million Likes Mark On Facebook". PR Newswire. 3 April
2017.
143. Jump up^ "Real Madrid eclipse 100 million likes on
Facebook". Realmadrid.com.
144. Jump up^ Navarrete, Lucas (19 December
2014). "Sergio Ramos: "Real Madrid is God's
team"". Managing Madrid. Retrieved 25 April2017. I believe
in God and I respect the Pope. But this is football, after all.
Real Madrid is God and the world's team.
145. Jump up^ "Real supporters reported to Spanish FA".
BBC Sport. 19 April 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
146. Jump up^ "UEFA investigate Real Madrid
supporters". BBC Sport. 25 November 2004. Retrieved 3
June 2008.
147. Jump up^ Kassam, Ashifa (9 December 2013). "Real
Madrid moves to send off Ultras Sur fans". The Guardian.
London. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
148. Jump up^ "A Bernabéu without 'Ultras'". Marca. 9
December 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
149. Jump up^ "Ultras Sur protest outside Bernabeu".
Football Espana. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 1
January 2015.
150. Jump up^ Ghemawat, Pankaj. p. 2
151. Jump up^ "Victory Tracker". Ceroacero.es.
152. Jump up^ Kleiner-Liebau, Désirée. p. 70
153. Jump up^ Ball, Phil (21 April 2002). "The ancient
rivalry of Barcelona and Real Madrid". The Guardian.
London. Retrieved 13 March2010.
154. Jump up^ "Barcelona in the strange and symbolic
eye of a storm over Catalonia". The Guardian. 2 October
2017. Retrieved 9 January2018.
155. Jump up^ Spaaij, Ramón. p. 251
156. Jump up^ Abend, Lisa (20 December
2007). "Barcelona vs. Real Madrid: More Than a
Game". Time. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
157. ^ Jump up to:a b Lowe, Sid (26 March 2001). "Morbo:
The Story of Spanish Football by Phil Ball (London: WSC
Books, 2001)". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
158. Jump up^ Burns, Jimmy. pp. 31–34.
159. Jump up^ "The Joy of Six: Real Madrid v Barcelona
El Clásico classics". The Guardian. 9 April 2010.
160. Jump up^ García, Javier (31 January 2000). "FC
Barcelona vs Real Madrid CF since 1902".
Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 21
August 2010.
161. Jump up^ "Real win Champions League showdown".
BBC News. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
162. Jump up^ Ballout, Richard (7 January 2015). "Why
everything you know about the Madrid derby might be
wrong". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
163. ^ Jump up to:a b FITZPATRICK, Richard (7 October
2012). "Franco, Real Madrid and Spanish football's eternal
power struggle". The Scotsman. Retrieved 14
February 2015.
164. Jump up^ Real have won El Derbi madrileño 75
times.
165. Jump up^ Álvaro Velasco (17 January 2008). "H2H
statistics". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
166. Jump up^ Prince-Wright, Joe. "Real Madrid win
Champions League, seal tenth title after dramatic
comeback". NBC Sports. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
167. Jump up^ Clements, Ashley (7 February
2015). "Atletico Madrid 4–0 Real Madrid MATCH
REPORT". Daily Mail. Retrieved 13 February2015.
168. Jump up^ AZZONI, TALES. "Madrid Rivals Return to
Champions Final". AP. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
169. ^ Jump up to:a b "El viejo Clásico español, Athletic–
Madrid, se despide de San Mamés" [The 'old classic' of
Spain, Athletic–Madrid, says goodbye to San Mamés] (in
Spanish). RTVE. 14 April 2013. Retrieved 16
November 2017.
170. Jump up^ Athletic-Real Madrid Final 1903 Cup
171. Jump up^ "Los Athletic-Real Madrid están a punto de
cumplir 97 años"[Athletic v Real Madrid is reaching the
point of 97 years]. Diario AS (in Spanish). 18 March 2017.
172. Jump up^ "El Clásico de los Clásicos: 216 partidos
oficiales" [The classic of all classics: 216 official matches]
(in Spanish). Diario AS. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 13
November 2017.
173. Jump up^ Pete Jenson (26 August 2014). "Pete
Jenson: Athletic Bilbao's locals-only transfer policy shows
success does not need to be bought". The Independent.
174. Jump up^ "Past seasons (filter: versus Real Madrid,
League Championship)". Athletic Bilbao. Retrieved 16
November 2017.
175. Jump up^ "Real Madrid matches (filter: versus
Athletic Club)". Bdfutbol.com. Retrieved 16
November 2017.
176. Jump up^ "Real Madrid repelled as Gorka Iraizoz
emulates the Squid". The Guardian. 18 January 2010.
177. ^ Jump up to:a b "Real Madrid - Record against Bayern
München". worldfootball.net.
178. Jump up^ "Acht Fakten zum Halbfinal-Rückspiel Real
– Bayern" (in German). sportal.de. 25 April 2012. Archived
from the originalon 28 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
179. Jump up^ "Bayern Munich 0–4 Real Madrid". BBC.
180. Jump up^ "Real Madrid 2 Bayern Munich 2: Karim
Benzema brace sends Champions League holders into
third straight final after Bernabeu thriller". Evening
Standard. 1 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May2018.
181. Jump up^ "Perez resigns as Real Madrid president".
BBC. 27 February 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
182. Jump up^ Nash, Elizabeth (4 March 2004). "EU
investigates Real Madrid property deal". London:
independent.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
183. Jump up^ "'Mistakes are forbidden'". CNN/Sports
Illustrated. 8 May 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
184. Jump up^ "The Most Valuable Soccer
Teams". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
185. Jump up^ "The Most Valuable Soccer Teams –
Manchester United". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16
March 2010.
186. Jump up^ "Deloitte Football Money
League" (PDF). Deloitte. 20 October 2003. Archived
from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 16
March 2010.
187. Jump up^ "Real Madrid plan to open their own theme
park". TheSpoiler.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
188. Jump up^ "Noticias". upcomillas.es. Retrieved 23
February 2009.
189. Jump up^ "The Business of Soccer". Forbes. 21 April
190. Jump up^ "Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes. 30
June 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
191. Jump up^ "Real Madrid becomes the first sports
team in the world to generate €400m in revenues as it tops
Deloitte Football Money League". Deloitte. Archived
from the original on 5 August 2010. Retrieved 7
August 2010.
192. Jump up^ "How Real Madrid can afford their transfer
spending splurge? – ESPN Soccernet".
Soccernet.espn.go.com. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 4
July 2012.
193. Jump up^ Peterson, Marc p. 25
194. Jump up^ Andreff, Wladimir; Szymański, Stefan
(2006). Handbook on the economics of sport. Edward Elgar
Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 1-84376-608-6.
195. Jump up^ "Real Madrid drama. The oldest supporter
died" (in Romanian). ziare.com. 2010. Retrieved 21
September 2010.
196. ^ Jump up to:a b c The Swiss Rambler (21 June
2011). "The Swiss Ramble: Real Madrid And Financial Fair
Play". Swissramble.blogspot.ie. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
197. Jump up^ "Real Madrid C.F. – Official Web Site –
Real Madrid's annual turnover amounts to €480.2 million,
showing an 8.6% increase over the previous financial year".
goal.com. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
198. Jump up^ Rodrigues, Jason (3 May 2012). "Football
clubs dominate the world ranking of highest-paying sports
clubs". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
199. Jump up^ "Goal! 2: Living the Dream...
(2007)". IMDb. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
200. Jump up^ "Real Madrid launches Legends music
album". Real Madrid CF. 2011. Archived from the
original on 5 November 2011.
201. ^ Jump up to:a b "Hala Madrid quarterly magazine".
Real Madrid. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
202. Jump up^ "From Handel to Hala Madrid: music of
champions". UEFA.com. 22 January 2016.
203. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i "Football
honours". Realmadrid.com. Madrid, Spain: Real Madrid
Club de Fútbol. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
204. Jump up^ "Copa del Rey –
Palmarés". MARCA.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 11
May 2017.
205. Jump up^ Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer,
Carles Lozano (25 August 2016). "Spain – List of Super
Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
(RSSSF). Retrieved 11 May 2017.
206. Jump up^ "From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA
Europa League". UEFA.com. Union of European Football
Associations (UEFA). Retrieved 11 May 2017. The UEFA
Europa League evolved from the UEFA Cup, which itself
was conceived by Switzerland's Ernst Thommen, along with
Italy's Ottorino Barrasi and England's Sir Stanley Rous.
207. Jump up^ Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel (30
April 2005). "Intercontinental Club Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer
Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
208. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Plantilla de Jugadores del Real
Madrid | Real Madrid CF" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com.
209. Jump up^ "Real Madrid Squad". Real Madrid.
Further reading
 Dénes, Tamás & Rochy, Zoltán (2002). Real Madrid.
Aréna 2000. ISBN 963-86167-5-X.
 Ball, Phil (2003). Morbo: The Story of Spanish
Football (New ed.). WSC Books Limited. ISBN 0-
9540134-6-8.
 Ball, Phil (2003). White Storm: The Story of Real Madrid.
Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-763-8.
 McManaman, Steve & Edworthy, Sarah (2003). El Macca:
Four Years with Real Madrid. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-
7434-8920-9.
 Luis Miguel González; Luis González López; Fundación
Real Madrid (2002). Real Madrid: Cien años de leyenda,
1902–2002. Everest. ISBN 84-241-9215-X.
 Mandis, Steven G. (2016). The Real Madrid Way: How
Values Created the Most Successful Sports Team on the
Planet. BenBella Books. ISBN 978-1942952541.
External links
media related to Real
Madrid C.F..
Wikinews has news

related to:
Real Madrid
Official websites
 Official website (in Arabic) (in Chinese) (in English) (in

French) (in Indonesian) (in Japanese) (in Portuguese) (in
Spanish)
 Real Madrid C.F. at La Liga (in English) (in Spanish)
 Real Madrid C.F. at UEFA (in English) (in Spanish)
[show]
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol
[show]
Real Madrid related articles
[show]
La Liga
[show]
Real Madrid membership
[show]
Real Madrid honours
Categories:
 Real Madrid C.F.
 La Liga clubs
 Football clubs in Madrid
 Football clubs in Spain
 Copa del Rey winners
 G-14 clubs
 Multi-sport clubs in Spain
 Unrelegated association football clubs
 Organisations based in Spain with royal patronage
 Association football clubs established in 1902
 1902 establishments in Spain
 UEFA Champions League winning clubs
 UEFA Cup winning clubs
Navigation menu
 Not logged in
 Talk
 Contributions
 Create account
 Log in
 Article
 Talk
 Read
 View source
 View history
Search
 Main page
 Contents
 Current events
 Random article
 Wikipedia store
Interaction
 Help
 About Wikipedia
 Recent changes
 Contact page
Tools
 What links here
 Related changes
 Upload file
 Special pages
 Permanent link
 Wikidata item
 Cite this page
Print/export
 Create a book
 Download as PDF
In other projects
 Wikinews
Languages
 Deutsch
 Español
 Hrvatski
 Кыргызча
 Magyar
 Română
102 more
Edit links
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to
the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of
the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
 Privacy policy
 About Wikipedia
 Disclaimers
 Developers
 Mobile view



Our Privacy Policy Is Changing On 24 May 2018

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Our Privacy Policy Is Changing On 24 May 2018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Our Privacy Policy is changing on 24 May 2018.

USS Orizaba (ID–1536) departing New York via the North

Name: USS Orizaba (ID-1536)

Namesake: Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico

Launched: February 1917 as Orizaba

Acquired: 11 April 1918

Commissioned: 27 May 1918

Decommissioned: 4 September 1919

In service: after 4 September 1919 as USAT Orizaba

Out of service: 1920

Fate: returned to Ward Line, 1920

Owner: Ward Line

Port of registry: New York

Route: New York–Cuba–Spain, 1920–1921

Out of service: 1939

Fate: Chartered to United States Lines, 1939;

Acquired: early 1941, by War Department

In service: early 1941

Out of service: March 1941

Refit: April–May 1941, Bethlehem Steel Co.

Commissioned: 15 June 1941

Decommissioned: 23 April 1945

Struck: 20 July 1953

Identification: Call sign: NUBY[1]

Honors and 1 battle star, World War II

Fate: To Brazilian Navy, 16 July 1945

Permanent transfer to Brazil, June 1953

Name: Duque de Caxias (U11)

Namesake: Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of

Acquired: 16 July 1945

Commissioned: 16 July 1945

Decommissioned: 13 April 1959

Fate: Scrapped in 1963

Tonnage: 6,937 gross tons (as USAT Orizaba)[2]

Displacement: 11,293 tons (as USS Orizaba)

Length: 443 ft 3 in (135.10 m)

Propulsion: 2 steam turbines[2]

Speed: 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h)

Capacity: 35,455 cubic feet (1,004.0 m3)[2]

Troops: World War I:[3]

Complement: 323 officers and enlisted

Armament: World War I:[4]

4 × 3"/50 caliber DP gun mounts

World War I[edit]

Orizaba under construction at William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia, c. 1917

Post-war civilian service[edit]

World War II[edit]

USAT Orizaba in port, 1941

Brazilian Navy service[edit]

Duque de Caxias (U-11) in port, c. 1950s

 Photo gallery of Orizaba at NavSource Naval History

UEFA Champions League

UEFA Champions League

Founded 1955; 63 years ago

Region Europe (UEFA)

Number of teams 32 (group stage)

Qualifier for UEFA Super Cup

FIFA Club World Cup

Related competitions UEFA Europa League

Current champions Real Madrid (13th title)

Television broadcasters List of broadcasters

2017–18 UEFA Champions League

Teams advancing from