Discussion Selection

1. What does the text tell us about?

- The text tells us about of AI-based new technology developed by the US team
that is an artificially intelligent fighter pilot system known as ALPHA that has
won in a combat simulation against an experienced human pilot and also
managed to protect a fleet of four aircraft from two enemy jets, without any
losses. ALPHA uses genetic fuzzy-logic systems, which allow it to be much
more flexible and dynamic when it comes to solving problems, such as how
to evade danger and set up potential lines of fire in real time.

2. Describe the characteristic of Alpha, your impression about Alpha, Alpha’s

positive roles to human, Alpha’s weaknesses and the potential problem caused by
Alpha!
a. Characteristic: ALPHA based on a idea called fuzzy logic, which is more
concerned with mathematical modeling. Fuzzy logic is concerned with
emulating what people think, rather than on emulating the brain. ALPHA,
however, is able to handle hundreds of inputs thanks to an approach called
“genetic fuzzy trees”. APLHA makes decisions using a genetic fuzzy tree
system, which is a subtype of fuzzy logic algorithms. It can calculate
strategies based on its opponent’s movement 250 times faster than a person
can blink – a speed that gives it an undeniable advantage in an arena where a
mix of advanced skills in aerospace physics and intuition are required.
b. Impression: To be honest, I was surprised by this technology. I was shocked
to hear a technology that is still in the development process successfully won
against Colonel Gene Lee, an air combat instructor and Air Battle Manager.
Even the colonel was unable to score a single kill against ALPHA on multiple
tries. In fact, he was shot down every time. But I’m also grateful for this,
because ALPHA can be an incredible asset to the military.
c. Positive roles: ALPHA shows incredible potential, with a combination of high
performance and low computational cost that is a critical enabling capability
for complex coordinated operations by teams of unmanned aircraft. ALPHA
could continuously determine the optimal ways to perform tasks commanded
 by its manned wingman, as well as provide tactical and situational advice to
the rest of its flight.
d. Weaknesses: To be honest, I think alpha has no weaknesses.
e. Potential problem: Just like any other AI technology, potential system errors
can cause a problem. As Mr. Barrie told the BBC, it might not be easy or
appropriate to translate the system to real-world combat environments. If such
a system were ever used in a live setting and decided to attack a non-military
target, the results could be dire, he said.

3. How do you explain the concept of “fuzzy logic” with your own words to the
ordinary people (not coming from computer engineering background)?
- Fuzzy logic is a branch of logic designed to allow degrees of imprecision in
reasoning and knowledge, typified by terms such as 'very', 'quite possibly', and
'unlikely', to be represented in such a way that the information can be
processed by computer.
The component of the fuzzy system is the fuzzy rule. Fuzzy rules are based on
human knowledge. What if you use a simple example: if you carry an umbrella
to work? First, you have knowledge of the forecast: about 70% rain. Second,
you have knowledge of the umbrella function: to keep you dry. From this
knowledge, you can create rules that guide you. If it's raining, you'll get wet.
If you get wet, you will not be comfortable in the workplace. If you use an
umbrella, you will stay dry. Therefore, you decide to get an umbrella. Guided
rules to produce you Change one thing or rotate to things in the form of: if-so.
Knowledge of rain opportunities causes rules that make you decide the way
you do. This is how fuzzy rules are created, through human knowledge.
Augmented Reality

https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/augmented-reality-the-past-the-
present-and-the-future

The Past The Present The Future

The first properly
functioning AR system was
probably developed in 1992.
This was an incredibly
complex robotic system
which was designed to
compensate for the lack of
high-speed 3D Graphic
processing power in early
1990s.
AR is achieved through a
variety of technological
innovations; these can be
implemented on their own or
in conjunction with each
other to create augmented
reality. They include: General
Hardware Components,
Displays, Sensors and Input
device include and Software.
In the future, AR will be used
on everything on our life.
They might as well be
extensions of out bodies. It’s
a certainty that AR provides
opportunities to enhance user
experiences beyond measure.
We will see major advances
in the much-hyped.

How do you explain the concept of “augmented reality” with your own words to
the ordinary people (not coming from computer engineering background)?

- Imagine a device which, when you use it to look at something, displays

information on whatever you're pointing it at. Focus on a restaurant, and a
display pops up giving a menu and customer reviews, look at a historic
building, and you're told when and by whom it was built, or point towards that
chap sitting opposite you on the metro, and find out this stranger's name and
age. These are the sort of possibilities afforded by the augmented reality.
In fundamental terms, the expression augmented reality, often abbreviated
to AR, refers to a simple combination of real and virtual (computer-generated)
worlds. Given a real subject, captured on video or camera, the technology
'augments' (= adds to) that real-world image with extra layers of digital
information. Those of us who enjoy watching television coverage of sport will
already have experienced a basic form of augmented reality in action. Picture
the cricket pitch on which a logo for a well-known sponsor miraculously
appears, or an Olympic swimming race where a line indicating the position of
the current world record holder appears ahead of the competitors moving
frantically through the water, that's augmented reality.