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Prof. Joselito Guianan Chan's The Labor Code of the Philippines, Annotated, Labor Relations, Volume II
of a 3-Volume Series 2017 Edition, 5th Revised Edition,

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UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE

December-2015 Jurisprudence

G.R. No. 212058, December 07, 2015 - STAR ELECTRIC CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. R & G
CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT AND TRADING, INC., Respondent.

G.R. No. 210445, December 07, 2015 - NILO B. ROSIT, Petitioner, v. DAVAO DOCTORS HOSPITAL AND DR.
ROLANDO G. GESTUVO, Respondent.

G.R. No. 195547, December 02, 2015 - MA. CORAZON M. OLA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

G.R. No. 209418, December 07, 2015 - W.M. MANUFACTURING, INC., Petitioner, v. RICHARD R. DALAG
AND GOLDEN ROCK MANPOWER SERVICES, Respondent.
G.R. No. 197763, December 07, 2015 - SMART COMMUNICATIONS, INC., MR. NAPOLEON L. NAZARENO,
AND MR. RICKY P. ISLA, Petitioners, v. JOSE LENI Z. SOLIDUM, Respondent.; G.R. No. 197836 - JOSE LENI
Z. SOLIDUM, Petitioner, v. SMART COMMUNICATIONS, INC., MR. NAPOLEON L. NAZARENO, AND MR.
RICKY P. ISLA, Respondent.

G.R. No. 207633, December 09, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOHNLIE
LAGANGGA Y DUMPA, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 203115, December 07, 2015 - ISLAND OVERSEAS TRANSPORT CORPORATION/PINE CREST
SHIPPING CORPORATION/CAPT. EMMANUEL L. REGIO, Petitioners, v. ARMANDO M. BEJA, Respondent.

G.R. Nos. 216007-09, December 08, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. LUZVIMINDA S.
VALDEZ AND THE SANDIGANBAYAN (FIFTH DIVISION), Respondent.

G.R. No. 204275, December 09, 2015 - LILIOSA C. LISONDRA, Petitioner, v. MEGACRAFT INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATION AND SPOUSES MELECIO AND ROSEMARIE OAMIL, Respondent.

G.R. No. 201652, December 02, 2015 - HEIRS OF SIMEON LATAYAN, NAMELY: LEONIDES Q. LATAYAN,
ARIEL Q. LATAYAN, AND ETHEL Q. LATAYAN-AMPIL, REPRESENTED BY THEIR ATTORNEY-IN-FACT,
LEONIDES Q. LATAYAN, Petitioners, v. PEING TAN, JOHNNY TAN, HERMTNIGILDO CASALAN, WEBINO
VILLAREAL, DIOSCOROMOLO, DAMACINO BAYAWA, EDGAR NARITA, YOLANDA NARITA, POLICRONIA
CAPIONES, ANDRES LOZANO, GREGORIO YAGAO, EMILIANO GUMATAY, JESUS ALCONTIN, ADAM
DULAUON, MARIO PEREZ, LARRY CEMAFRANCA, FELIXBERTO BULADACO, CIPRIANOAHIT,
BUENAVENTURA B ACALSO AND SALDE ESPIA, Respondents.

G.R. No. 196415, December 02, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. TOLEDO
POWER COMPANY, Respondent.; G.R. No. 196451 - TOLEDO POWER COMPANY, Petitioner, v.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

G.R. No. 221318, December 16, 2015 - KABATAAN PARTY-LIST, REPRESENTED BY REPRESENTATIVE
JAMES MARK TERRY L. RIDON AND MARJOHARA S. TUCAY; SARAH JANE I. ELAGO, PRESIDENT OF THE
NATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS OF THE PHILIPPINES; VENCER MARI E. CRISOSTOMO, CHAIRPERSON OF
THE ANAKBAYAN; MARC LINO J. ABILA, NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE EDITORS GUILD OF THE
PHILIPPINES; EINSTEIN Z. RECEDES, DEPUTY SECRETARY- GENERAL OF ANAKBAYAN; CHARISSE
BERNADINE I. BAÑEZ, CHAIRPERSON OF THE LEAGUE OF FILIPINO STUDENTS; ARLENE CLARISSE Y. JULVE,
MEMBER OF ALYANSA NG MGA GRUPONG HALIGI NG AGHAM AT TEKNOLOHIYA PARA SA
MAMAMAYAN (AGHAM); AND SINING MARIA ROSA L. MARFORI, Petitioners, v. COMMISSION
ELECTIONS, ON, Respondent.

G.R. Nos. 197096-97, December 07, 2015 - ANTONIO Z. KING, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY HIS ATTORNEY-
IN-FACT, EDGARDO SANTOS, Petitioner, v. FRANCISCO A. ROBLES, ANTONIO T. DATU, RENE A.
MASILUNGAN, RESTITUTO S. SOLOMON, RODRIGO MENDOZA, ROMEO MENDOZA REYNALDO DATU,
JOSEPH TIU, TERESITA TIU, ROGELIO GEBILAGUIN AND PRESCILLA GEBILAGUIN, Respondent.

G.R. No. 207112, December 08, 2015 - PILIPINAS TOTAL GAS, INC., Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF
INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

G.R. No. 210855, December 09, 2015 - ROLANDO S. ABADILLA, JR., Petitioner, v. SPOUSES BONIFACIO P.
OBRERO AND BERNABELA N. OBRERO, AND JUDITH OBRERO-TIMBRESA, Respondent.

G.R. No. 199314 [Formerly UDK No. 14553], December 07, 2015 - TAMBLOT SECURITY & GENERAL
SERVICES, INC., Petitioner, v. FLORENCIO ITEM, LEONARDO PALM A, RTCARDO UCANG, FLORENCRO
AMORA, REYNALDO DANO, APOLLO JOTOJOT, TEODORO BARONG, JUAN T. CUSI, TEODORO DE LOS
REYES, EFREN ESCOL, JOVANNE COSE, DARIO S. GEALON, JULIO ESPADA AND DARIO PAJE, Respondent.

G.R. No. 192659, December 02, 2015 - PHILIPPINE RACE HORSE TRAINER'S ASSOCIATION, INC.,
Petitioner, v. PIEDRAS NEGRAS CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Respondent.

G.R. No. 218787, December 08, 2015 - LEO Y. QUERUBIN, MARIA CORAZON M. AKOL, AND AUGUSTO C.
LAGMAN, Petitioners, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS EN BANC, REPRESENTED BY CHAIRPERSON J.
ANDRES D. BAUTISTA, AND JOINT VENTURE OF SMARTMATIC-TIM CORPORATION, TOTAL INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, SMARTMATIC INTERNATIONAL HOLDING B.V. AND JARLTECH
INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY PARTNER WITH BIGGEST EQUITY SHARE,
SMARTMATIC-TIM CORPORATION, ITS GENERAL MANAGER ALASTAIR JOSEPH JAMES WELLS,
SMARTMATIC CHAIRMAN LORD MALLOCH-BROWN, SMARTMATIC-ASIA PACIFIC PRESIDENT CESAR
FLORES, AND ANY OR ALL PERSONS ACTING FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE JOINT VENTURE, Respondent.

G.R. No. 179814, December 07, 2015 - WILFRED N.CHIOK, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES
AND RUFINA CHUA, Respondents.; G.R. No. 180021 - RUFINA CHUA, Petitioner, v. WILFRED N. CHIOK,
AND THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES (AS AN UNWILLING CO-PARTY PETITIONER), Respondent.

G.R. No. 209324, December 09, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE BUREAU OF
CUSTOMS, Petitioner, v. PILIPINAS SHELL PETROLEUM CORPORATION, Respondent.

G.R. No. 213832, December 07, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GILBERT
MERCADO A.K.A. "BONG", Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 198270, December 09, 2015 - ARMILYN MORILLO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES
AND RICHARD NATIVIDAD, Respondent.

G.R. No. 215201, December 09, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARK
ANTHONY ROAQUIN Y NAVARRO, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 203918, December 02, 2015 - SPOUSES AMADOR C. CAYAGO, JR. AND ERMALINDA B. CAYAGO,
Petitioners, v. SPOUSES EVELITO CANTARA AND SOLEDAD CANTARA, Respondents.

G.R. No. 203397, December 09, 2015 - AUGUSTO ONG TRINIDAD II, AUGUSTO ONG TRINIDAD III FOR
HIMSELF AND REPRESENTING LEVY ONG TRINIDAD AND ROHMEL ONG TRINIDAD, MARY ANN
NEPOMUCENO TRINIDAD FOR HERSELF AND ASSISTING HER MINOR CHILDREN JOAQUIN GERARD N.
TRINIDAD IV, JACOB GABRIEL N. TRINIDAD, AND JERED GYAN N. TRINIDAD, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES
BONIFACIO PALAD AND FELICIDAD KAUSAPIN, Respondent.

G.R. No. 202215, December 09, 2015 - VICMAR DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION AND/OR ROBERT KUA,
OWNER, AND ENGR. JUANITO C. PAGCALIWAGAN, MANAGER, Petitioners, v. CAMILO ELARCOSA,
MARLON BANDA, DANTE L. BALAMAD, RODRIGO COLANSE, CHIQUITO PACALDO, ROBINSON PANAGA,
JUNIE ABUGHO, SBLVERIO NARISMA, ARMANDO GONZALES, TEOFILO ELBINA, FRANCISCO BAGUIO,
GELVEN RHYAN RAMOS, JULITO SIMAN, RECARIDO PANES, JESUS TINSAY, AGAPITO CANAS, JR., OLIVER
LOBAYNON, SIMEON BAGUIO, JOSEPH SALCEDO, DONIL INDINO, WILFREDO GULBEN, JESRILE TANIO,
RENANTE PAMON, RICHIE GULBEN, DANIEL ELLO, REXY DOFELIZ, RONALD NOVAL, NORBERTO BELARGA,
ALLAN BAGUIO, ROBERTO PAGUICAN, ROMEO PATOY, ROLANDO TACBOBO, WILFREDO LADRA, RUBEN
PANES, RUEL CABANDAY, AND JUNARD ABUGHO, Respondent.

G.R. No. 188638, December 09, 2015 - PHILIPPINE TRANSMARINE CARRIERS, INC. AND NORTHERN
MARINE MANAGEMENT, Petitioners, v. JOSELITO A. CRISTINO, DECEASED AND REPRESENTED BY HIS
WIFE SUSAN B. BERDOS, Respondent.

G.R. No. 211543, December 09, 2015 - DOMINGO G. PANGANIBAN, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES., Respondent.

G.R. No. 209039, December 09, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MIRAFLOR
UGANIEL LERIO, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 209559, December 09, 2015 - ENCHANTED KINGDOM, INC., Petitioner, v. MIGUEL J. VERZO,
Respondent.

G.R. No. 160399, December 09, 2015 - THE CITY OF ILOILO, REPRESENTED BY HON. MAYOR JERRY P.
TREÑAS, Petitioner, v. HON. JUDGE RENE B. HONRADO, PRESIDING JUDGE, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
BRANCH 29, ILOILO CITY, AND JPV MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION TESTING & CAR CARE CENTER, CO.,
REPRESENTED BY JIM P. VELEZ, Respondent.

G.R. No. 159979, December 09, 2015 - CAPITAL INSURANCE AND SURETY CO., INC., Petitioner, v. DEL
MONTE MOTOR WORKS, INC., Respondent.

G.R. No. 213696, December 09, 2015 - QUANTUM FOODS, INC., Petitioner, v. MARCELINO ESLOYO AND
GLEN MAGSILA, Respondent.
G.R. No. 209040, December 09, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RODOLFO
PATEÑO DAYAPDAPAN, Accused-Appellant.

G.R. No. 166581, December 07, 2015 - SOLIDBANK CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. COURT OF APPEALS,
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, AND DANILO H. LAZARO, Respondents.; G.R. No. 167187 -
DANILO H. LAZARO, Petitioner, v. COURT OF APPEALS, NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION AND
SOLIDBANK CORPORATION, Respondents.

G.R. No. 200901, December 07, 2015 - SM INVESTMENTS CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ESTELA MARFORI
POSADAS, MARIA ELENA POSADAS AND AIDA MACARAIG POSADAS. Respondents.

G.R. No. 208113, December 02, 2015 - DOLORES DIAZ, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND
LETICIA S. ARCILLA, Respondents.

G.R. No. 182375, December 02, 2015 - HADJA RAWIYA SUIB, Petitioner, v. EMONG EBBAH AND THE
HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, 22ND DIVISION, MINDANAO STATION, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,
Respondents.

G.R. No. 211210, December 02, 2015 - RADAR SECURITY & WATCHMAN AGENCY, INC., Petitioner, v.
JOSE D. CASTRO, Respondent.

G.R. No. 213814, December 02, 2015 - RAFAEL B. QUILLOPA, Petitioner, v. QUALITY GUARDS SERVICES
AND INVESTIGATION AGENCY AND ISMAEL BASABICA, JR., Respondents.

G.R. No. 193964, December 02, 2015 - ENGINEER BEN Y. LIM, RBL FISHING CORPORATION, PALAWAN
AQUACULTURE CORPORATION, AND PENINSULA SHIPYARD CORPORATION, Petitioners, v. HON.
SULPICIO G. GAMOSA, OFFICER-IN-CHARGE, NCIP REGIONAL HEARING OFFICE, REGION IV AND
TAGBANUA INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITY OF BARANGAY BUENAVISTA, CORON, PALAWAN, AS
REPRESENTED BY FERNANDO P. AGUIDO, ERNESTO CINCO, BOBENCIO MOSQUERA, JURRY CARPIANO,
VICTOR BALBUTAN, NORDITO ALBERTO, EDENG PESRO, CLAUDINA BAQUID, NONITA SALVA, AND
NANCHITA ALBERTO, Respondents.
G.R. No. 197792, December 09, 2015 - CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, Petitioner, v. MADLAWI B.
MAGOYAG, Respondent.

G.R. No. 192947, December 09, 2015 - MELANIE E. DE OCAMPO, Petitioner, v. RPN-9/RADIO PHILIPPINES
NETWORK, INC., Respondent.

G.R. No. 204172, December 09, 2015 - HON. HERMOGENES E. EBDANE, JR., IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS
ACTING SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH), ATTY. JOEL L.
JACOB, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS OFFICER-IN-CHARGE, LEGAL SERVICE (DPWH), ATTY. OLIVER T.
RODULFO, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS HEAD, INTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICE, (DPWH), AND HON. JAIME A.
PACANAN, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS REGIONAL DIRECTOR, (DPWH), REGIONAL OFFICE NO. VIII,
Petitioners, v. ALVARO Y. APURILLO, ERDA P. GABRIANA, JOCELYN S. JO, IRAIDA R. LASTIMADO, AND
FRANCISCO B. VINEGAS, JR., Respondents.

G.R. No. 215424, December 09, 2015 - ADINA B. MANANSALA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

G.R. No. 179741, December 09, 2015 - HEIRS OF SPOUSES HILARIO MARINAS AND BERNARDINA N.
MARINAS, Petitioners, v. BERNARDO FRIANEZA, RODRIGO FRIANEZA, ALEJANDRA FRIANEZA, HILARIO
VILLENA, SATURNINO VILLENA, FEDERICO FLORES, PEDRO FLORES AND MARCELINA RAMOS,
Respondents.

G.R. No. 190482, December 09, 2015 - DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM, REPRESENTED BY MS.
FRITZI C. PANTOJA IN HER CAPACITY AS PROVINCIAL AGRARIAN REFORM OFFICER OF LAGUNA,
Petitioner, v. IGMIDIO D. ROBLES, RANDY V. ROBLES, MARY KRIST B. MALIMBAN, ANNE JAMAICA G.
ROBLES, JOHN CARLO S. ROBLES AND CHRISTINE ANN V. ROBLES, Respondents.

G.R. No. 212825, December 07, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. NEXT
MOBILE, INC. (FORMERLY NEXTEL COMMUNICATIONS PHILS., INC.), Respondent.

G.R. No. 174387, December 09, 2015 - BF CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. WERDENBERG INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATION, Respondent.
G.R. No. 209689, December 02, 2015 - MARISSA B. QUIRANTE, Petitioner, v. OROPORT CARGO
HANDLING SERVICES, INC., ET AL. Respondents.

G.R. No. 202877, December 09, 2015 - NARRA NICKEL MINING AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,
TESORO MINING AND DEVELOPMENT, INC., AND MCARTHUR MINING, INC., Petitioners, v. REDMONT
CONSOLIDATED MINES CORPORATION, Respondent.

G.R. No. 202947, December 09, 2015 - ASB REALTY CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ORTIGAS & COMPANY
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, Respondent.

G.R. No. 213229, December 09, 2015 - FILINVEST ALABANG, INC., Petitioner, v. CENTURY IRON WORKS,
INC., Respondent.

G.R. No. 210215, December 09, 2015 - ROGELIO S. NOLASCO, NICANORA N. GUEVARA, LEONARDA N.
ELPEDES, HEIRS OF ARNULFO S. NOLASCO, AND REMEDIOS M. NOLASCO, REPRESENTED BY ELENITA M.
NOLASCO Petitioners, v. CELERINO S. CUERPO, JOSELITO ENCABO, JOSEPH ASCUTIA, AND DOMILO
LUCENARIO, Respondents.

G.R. No. 206942, December 09, 2015 - VICENTE C. TATEL, Petitioner, v. JLFP INVESTIGATION AND
SECURITY AGENCY, INC., JOSE LUIS F. PAMINTUAN, AND/OR PAOLO C. TURNO, Respondents.

G.R. No. 209271, December 08, 2015 - INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF AGRI-
BIOTECH APPLICATIONS, INC., Petitioner, v. GREENPEACE SOUTHEAST ASIA (PHILIPPINES), MAGSASAKA
AT SIYENTIPIKO SA PAGPAPAUNLAD NG AGRIKULTURA (MASIPAG), REP. TEODORO CASIÑO, DR. BEN
MALAYANG III, DR. ANGELINA GALANG, LEONARDO AVILA III, CATHERINE UNTALAN, ATTY. MARIA PAZ
LUNA, JUANITO MODINA, DAGOHOY MAGAWAY, DR. ROMEO QUIJANO, DR. WENCESLAO KIAT, JR.,
ATTY. H. HARRY ROQUE, JR., FORMER SEN. ORLANDO MERCADO, NOEL CABANGON, MAYOR EDWARD S.
HAGEDORN AND EDWIN MARTHINE LOPEZ, Respondents.; CROP LIFE PHILIPPINES, INC., Petitioner-in-
Intervention.; G.R. No. 209276 - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY AND FERTILIZER AND
PESTICIDE AUTHORITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Petitioners, v. COURT OF APPEALS,
GREENPEACE SOUTHEAST ASIA (PHILIPPINES), MAGSASAKAAT SIYENTIPIKO SA PAGPAPAUNLAD NG
AGRIKULTURA (MASIPAG), REP. TEODORO CASINO, DR. BEN MALAYANG III, DR. ANGELINA GALANG,
LEONARDO AVILA III, CATHERINE UNTALAN, ATTY. MARIA PAZ LUNA, JUANITO MODINA, DAGOHOY
MAGAWAY, DR. ROMEO QUIJANO, DR. WENCESLAO KIAT, JR., ATTY. H. HARRY ROQUE, JR., FORMER
SEN. ORLANDO MERCADO, NOEL CABANGON, MAYOR EDWARD S. HAGEDORN AND EDWIN MARTHINE
LOPEZ, RESPONDENTS. CROP LIFE PHILIPPINES, INC. Petitioner-in-Intervention.; G.R. No. 209301 -
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS FOUNDATION, INC., Petitioner, v. GREENPEACE SOUTHEAST
ASIA (PHILIPPINES), MAGSASAKAAT SIYENTIPIKO SA PAGPAPAUNLAD NG AGRIKULTURA (MASIPAG), REP.
TEODORO CASINO, DR. BEN MALAYANG III, DR. ANGELINA GALANG, LEONARDO AVILA III, CATHERINE
UNTALAN, ATTY. MARIA PAZ LUNA, JUANITO MODINA, DAGOHOY MAGAWAY, DR. ROMEO QUIJANO,
DR. WENCESLAO KIAT, JR., ATTY. HARRY R. ROQUE, JR., FORMER SEN. ORLANDO MERCADO, NOEL
CABANGON, MAYOR EDWARD S. HAGEDORN AND EDWIN MARTHINE LOPEZ, Respondents.; G.R. No.
209430 - UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. GREENPEACE SOUTHEAST ASIA (PHILIPPINES),
MAGSASAKAAT SIYENTIPIKO SA PAGPAPAUNLAD NG AGRIKULTURA (MASIPAG), REP. TEODORO CASINO,
DR. BEN MALAYANG III, DR. ANGELINA GALANG, LEONARDO AVILA III, CATHERINE UNTALAN, ATTY.
MARIA PAZ LUNA, JUANITO MODINA, DAGOHOY MAGAWAY, DR. ROMEO QUIJANO, DR. WENCESLAO
KIAT, ATTY. HARRY R. ROQUE, JR., FORMER SEN. ORLANDO MERCADO, NOEL CABANGON, MAYOR
EDWARD S. HAGEDORN AND EDWIN MARTHINE LOPEZ, Respondents.

G.R. No. 169694, December 09, 2015 - MEGAWORLD PROPERTIES AND HOLDINGS, INC., EMPIRE EAST
LAND HOLDINGS, INC., AND ANDREW L. TAN, Petitioners, v. MAJESTIC FINANCE AND INVESTMENT CO.,
INC., RHODORA LOPEZ-LIM, AND PAULINA CRUZ, Respondents.

Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2015 > December 2015 Decisions > G.R. Nos. 197096-97,
December 07, 2015 - ANTONIO Z. KING, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY HIS ATTORNEY-IN-FACT, EDGARDO
SANTOS, Petitioner, v. FRANCISCO A. ROBLES, ANTONIO T. DATU, RENE A. MASILUNGAN, RESTITUTO S.
SOLOMON, RODRIGO MENDOZA, ROMEO MENDOZA REYNALDO DATU, JOSEPH TIU, TERESITA TIU,
ROGELIO GEBILAGUIN AND PRESCILLA GEBILAGUIN, Respondent.:
G.R. Nos. 197096-97, December 07, 2015 - ANTONIO Z. KING, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY HIS ATTORNEY-
IN-FACT, EDGARDO SANTOS, Petitioner, v. FRANCISCO A. ROBLES, ANTONIO T. DATU, RENE A.
MASILUNGAN, RESTITUTO S. SOLOMON, RODRIGO MENDOZA, ROMEO MENDOZA REYNALDO DATU,
JOSEPH TIU, TERESITA TIU, ROGELIO GEBILAGUIN AND PRESCILLA GEBILAGUIN, Respondent.

G.R. Nos. 197096-97, December 07, 2015 - ANTONIO Z. KING, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY HIS
ATTORNEY-IN-FACT, EDGARDO SANTOS, Petitioner, v. FRANCISCO A. ROBLES, ANTONIO T. DATU, RENE
A. MASILUNGAN, RESTITUTO S. SOLOMON, RODRIGO MENDOZA, ROMEO MENDOZA REYNALDO DATU,
JOSEPH TIU, TERESITA TIU, ROGELIO GEBILAGUIN AND PRESCILLA GEBILAGUIN, Respondent.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. Nos. 197096-97, December 07, 2015

ANTONIO Z. KING, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY HIS ATTORNEY-IN-FACT, EDGARDO SANTOS, Petitioner, v.

FRANCISCO A. ROBLES, ANTONIO T. DATU, RENE A. MASILUNGAN, RESTITUTO S. SOLOMON, RODRIGO
MENDOZA, ROMEO MENDOZA REYNALDO DATU, JOSEPH TIU, TERESITA TIU, ROGELIO GEBILAGUIN AND
PRESCILLA GEBILAGUIN, Respondent.

DECISION

DEL CASTILLO, J.:

This Petition for Review in Certiorari1 seeks to reverse and set aside the August 29, 2008 Joint
Resolution2 and November 17, 2010 Joint Order3 of the Office of the Ombudsman in OMB-C-C-02-0339-
F and C-C-02-0340-F. The Ombudsman dismissed for lack of probable cause the cases for Robbery,
Violation of Section 3(e) of Republic Act No. 3019 (RA 3019) and Falsification of Public Documents filed
by Antonio Z. King (King) against Labor Arbiter Francisco A. Robles (Arbiter Robles), Antonio T. Datu,
Rene A. Masilungan, Restituto S. Solomon (Deputy Sheriffs), Rodrigo Mendoza (Rodrigo), Romeo
Mendoza (Romeo), Reynaldo Datu, Joseph Tiu (Joseph), Teresita Tiu (Teresita), Rogelio Gebilaguin
(Rogelio), Prescilla Gebilaguin and the other private respondents.
The Antecedent Facts

In a Decision4 dated February 28, 1997 rendered by the Third Division of the National Labor Relations
Commission (NLRC), Azkcon Group of Companies and/or Jay Ar Lazo were adjudged guilty of having
illegally dismissed Rogelio from service and were ordered to reinstate Rogelio to his former position, to
pay him full backwages from the time his salary was withheld up to his actual reinstatement. This
Decision became final and executory. On November 19, 2001, Arbiter Robles issued a writ of execution5
commanding the execution arm of the NLRC "to proceed to the premises of Azkcon Group of Companies
and/or Jay Ar Lazo located at J.P. Ramos St., Bo. Talipapa, Caloocan City or wherever it may be found
and collect the sum of x x x P471,200.99 representing [Rogelio's] backwages and 13th month pay. In
case you fail to collect said amount in cash, you are to cause the satisfaction of the same from the
movable or immovable properties of the respondent not exempt from execution."6

In compliance with the directive in the writ of execution, respondent Deputy Sheriffs served a Notice of
Levy/Sale on Execution on Personal Properties7 upon the representative of therein respondents on
March 5, 2002. Personal properties found inside the compound of Azkcon at No. 220 Lias Road,
Lambakan Street, Marilao, Bulacan were levied upon. Meanwhile, on March 13, 2002, Philippine Metal
and Alloy Fabrication Corporation (PMAFC, one of the companies represented by King) filed an Affidavit
of Third Party Claim8 before Arbiter Robles, asserting ownership over the levied properties.
Subsequently, PMAFC filed a Motion to Quash Notice of Levy/Sale on Execution of Personal Property
and to Inhibit Sheriffs.9 PMAFC contended that the Deputy Sheriffs levied on properties belonging to
PMAFC worth P12 million and that the Deputy Sheriffs intended to sell the said properties for a measly
sum of P471,200.99. PMAFC thus prayed that the Notice of Levy/Sale on Execution be set aside for being
void ab initio and the Deputy Sheriffs be disqualified. In an Order10 dated April 18, 2002, Arbiter Robles
directed Rogelio to post a Sheriffs Indemnity Bond in an amount double the judgment award.

On April 26, 2002, Arbiter Robles approved Rogelio's Sheriffs Indemnity Bond, directed the Deputy
Sheriffs to obtain physical possession of the levied properties, sell them at public auction, and apply the
proceeds thereof for the satisfaction of the judgment award.11 Rogelio, through his attorney-in-fact,
Rodrigo Mendoza, emerged as the highest bidder in the auction sale conducted on May 2, 2002. After
the Certificate of Sale was issued, Rodrigo and his workers started to pull out and haul the sold
properties.
Contending that the value of the properties taken and hauled by Rogelio through his attorney-in-fact
were worth more than the monetary award of the NLRC, petitioner King, claiming to be the President of
Azkcon Metal Industries, Inc., Azkcon Refrigeration Industries, Inc., Azkcon Construction Development
Corporation, Azk Trading and PMAFC, filed criminal complaints for Robbery, Violation of RA 3019 and
Falsification of Public Documents against respondents before the Office of the Ombudsman docketed as
OMB-C-C-02-0339-F and C-C-02-1340-F. He alleged that respondents conspired in the unlawful taking of
the machineries and equipment which caused him and the aforesaid companies undue injury. King
claimed that the properties were owned by PMAFC inasmuch as the Azkcon Group of Companies is not a
registered corporation; that in the Notice rescheduling the auction sale, the Deputy Sheriffs misleadingly
indicated the address as 220 Lambakin St., Marilao, Bulacan, when the correct address of Azkcon is 220
Lias Road, Bo. Lambakin, Marilao, Bulacan; that the Deputy Sheriffs did not actually hold a public auction
consistent with respondents' intention to rob Azkcon; and that Joseph and Teresita conspired with the
other respondents when they allowed the safekeeping of the hauled machineries and equipment in
their compound. The National Bureau of Investigation whose assistance was sought by petitioner
likewise filed similar charges against the aforenamed accused before the Office of the Provincial
Prosecutor of Bulacan and docketed as I.S. No. 02-05-1059 and I.S. No. 02-06-1406.

Ruling of the Ombudsman

After the consolidation of the cases and hearing the parties' respective position, the Ombudsman in its
Joint Resolution dated August 29, 2008 dismissed all the charges against the respondents for lack of
probable cause.

According to the Ombudsman, petitioner's evidence failed to establish the four elements of the crime of
robbery. The Ombudsman held that the intent to gain is totally absent since Rogelio is the owner of the
subject properties on account of his being the highest bidder and a Certificate of Sale issued to him.
Thus, Rogelio cannot be charged for taking the personal property of another.

The Ombudsman likewise ruled that the sale of the levied properties through auction was not made
with manifest partiality, evident bad faith and/or gross inexcusable negligence. The Deputy Sheriffs'
actions were done pursuant to the NLRC Manual on Execution of Judgment.

With respect to the charge of Falsification of Public Documents, the Ombudsman found no record to
show that respondents falsified any pertinent document in this case.
Petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration was denied by the Office of the Ombudsman in its assailed Joint
Order dated November 17, 2010.

Hence, this instant Petition for Review on Certiorari. King insists that probable cause exists to charge
respondents with Robbery, Falsification of Public Documents and Violation of Sec. 3(e) of RA 3019.

On July 20, 2011, we resolved to require respondents to file comment.12 Respondents Romeo and
Rodrigo filed their Comment13 maintaining that King failed to prove that there was probable cause to
charge them with the foregoing crimes. They also posit that King did not establish conspiracy among
them. Moreover, they maintain that Arbiter Robles and the Deputy Sheriffs were only performing their
duties as mandated by law. Also, the withdrawal of the properties was done by authority of the law and
by virtue of the Certificate of Sale. King thereafter filed his Reply.14 To date, the other respondents
failed to comment. Hence, they are deemed to have waived their right to file comment.

Issue

Whether the Ombudsman erred in its finding of lack of probable cause to hold respondents for trial.

The Court's Ruling

The Petition is bereft of merit.

At the outset, it must be emphasized that the Ombudsman is a constitutional officer duty-bound to
investigate on its own or on complaint by "any person, any act or omission of a public officer or
employee when such act or omission appears to be illegal, unjust, improper or inefficient."15 By
constitutional fiat and under RA 6770,16 the Ombudsman is given a wide latitude of investigatory and
prosecutory powers on offenses committed by public officers free from legislative, executive or judicial
intervention.17 Because of the endowment of broad investigative authority, the Ombudsman is
empowered to determine, based on the sufficiency of the complaint, whether there exist reasonable
grounds to believe that a crime has been committed and that the accused is probably guilty thereof and
file the corresponding information with the appropriate courts. In contrast, if the Ombudsman finds the
complaint insufficient in form or substance, it may also dismiss the complaint. Such prerogative is
beyond the ambit of this Court to review the Ombudsman's exercise of discretion in prosecuting or
dismissing a complaint filed before it18 except when the exercise thereof is tainted with grave abuse of
discretion.19

"Grave abuse of discretion is the capricious and whimsical exercise of judgment on the part of the public
officer concerned, equivalent to an excess or lack of jurisdiction. The abuse of discretion must be so
patent and gross as to amount to an evasion of a positive duty or a virtual refusal to perform a duty
enjoined by law, or to act at all in contemplation of law, as where the power is exercised in an arbitrary
or despotic manner by reason of passion or hostility."20 A perusal of the Petition shows that petitioner
failed to demonstrate the Ombudsman's abuse, much less grave abuse of discretion in dismissing the
charges against respondents for lack of probable cause. On the contrary, a review of the records readily
reveals that the Ombudsman's assailed Joint Resolution is based on substantial evidence. From the well-
explained Joint Resolution, in our view, petitioner's Affidavit/Complaint is bereft of sufficient ground to
engender a well-founded belief that the crimes imputed on respondents have been committed and that
they are probably guilty thereof and should be held for trial. In fine, the Ombudsman did not abuse his
discretion warranting the Court's intervention, in dismissing the charges against respondents.

Petitioner complained of procedural flaws in the enforcement of the writ of execution arguing in the
main mat the value of the levied and hauled properties were much more than the monetary award of
the NLRC. This we believe is not an adequate ground to reverse the action of the Ombudsman.

Petitioner's bone of contention in the present Petition boils down to the appreciation and determination
of factual matters. The question of whether there was indeed an over levy of properties is one that is
essentially a factual concern as it goes into the determination of the fair market value of the properties
levied upon vis-a-vis the value of the properties hauled and taken out of the company's premises.
Obviously, petitioner invites an evaluation of the evidentiary matters which is not proper in a petition
for review on certiorari. Besides, this Court is not a trier of facts. Matters pertaining to proofs and
evidence are beyond the power of this Court to review under a Rule 45 Petition except in the presence
of some meritorious circumstances, none of which is availing in this case.

WHEREFORE, the Petition is DENIED. The Joint Resolution dated August 29, 2008 of the Office of the
Ombudsman and its Joint Order dated November 17, 2010 are AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.
Carpio, (Chairperson), Perez,*Mendoza, and Leonen, JJ., concur.chanrobleslaw

Endnotes:

* Per Special Order No. 2301 dated December 1, 2015.

1Rollo, pp. 3-22.

2 Id. at 239-285.

3 Id. at 308-316.

4 Id. at 36-46.

5 Id. at 48-52.

6 Id. at 51-52.

7 Id. at 53.

8 Id. at 54-55.

9 Id. at 77-79.

10 Id. at 75-76.
11 Id. at 138-139.

12 Id. at 317.

13 Id. at 330-397.

14 Id. at 460-465.

15Presidential Ad Hoc Committee on Behest Loans v. Tabasondra, 579 Phil. 312, 324 (2008).

16 THE OMBUDSMAN ACT OF 1989.

17 Id. at 325.

18 Id. at 324.

19 Id. at 325.

20 Id.

G.R. Nos. 197096-97, December 07, 2015 - ANTONIO Z. KING, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY HIS ATTORNEY-
IN-FACT, EDGARDO SANTOS, Petitioner, v. FRANCISCO A. ROBLES, ANTONIO T. DATU, RENE A.
MASILUNGAN, RESTITUTO S. SOLOMON, RODRIGO MENDOZA, ROMEO MENDOZA REYNALDO DATU,
JOSEPH TIU, TERESITA TIU, ROGELIO GEBILAGUIN AND PRESCILLA GEBILAGUIN, Respondent.

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