This document outlines 18 items that should be included when reporting economic evaluations of health interventions using the CHEERS checklist. It provides recommendations for what should be reported for each item, including the title, methods, inputs, results, and conclusions. Key items include describing the interventions compared, time horizons, discount rates, measurement of effectiveness and costs, analytical methods, and assumptions of any decision models used. Providing this level of transparency allows readers to understand what was done and to replicate the analysis.
This document outlines 18 items that should be included when reporting economic evaluations of health interventions using the CHEERS checklist. It provides recommendations for what should be reported for each item, including the title, methods, inputs, results, and conclusions. Key items include describing the interventions compared, time horizons, discount rates, measurement of effectiveness and costs, analytical methods, and assumptions of any decision models used. Providing this level of transparency allows readers to understand what was done and to replicate the analysis.
This document outlines 18 items that should be included when reporting economic evaluations of health interventions using the CHEERS checklist. It provides recommendations for what should be reported for each item, including the title, methods, inputs, results, and conclusions. Key items include describing the interventions compared, time horizons, discount rates, measurement of effectiveness and costs, analytical methods, and assumptions of any decision models used. Providing this level of transparency allows readers to understand what was done and to replicate the analysis.
CHEERS checklist—Items to include when reporting economic evaluations of health
interventions
Item Reported on page No/
Section/item No Recommendation line No Title and abstract Title 1 Identify the study as an economic evaluation or use page 763, line 1 to 2 more specific terms such as “cost-effectiveness analysis”, and describe the interventions compared. Abstract 2 Provide a structured summary of objectives, page 2, line 1 to 23 perspective, setting, methods (including study design and inputs), results (including base case and uncertainty analyses), and conclusions. Introduction Background and 3 Provide an explicit statement of the broader context page 3, line 20 to objectives for the study. page 4, line 12 Present the study question and its relevance for page 4, line 12 to 18 health policy or practice decisions. Methods Target population and 4 Describe characteristics of the base case population page 4, line 22 to 23; subgroups and subgroups analysed, including why they were page 3, line 14 to 19; chosen. page 5, line 5 to 9; page 5, line 17 to 22 Setting and location 5 State relevant aspects of the system(s) in which the page 6, line 2 to 8 decision(s) need(s) to be made. Study perspective 6 Describe the perspective of the study and relate this page 4, line 15 to 18; to the costs being evaluated. page 9, line 11 to 13; page 33, table 3 Comparators 7 Describe the interventions or strategies being page 6, line 9 to 16; compared and state why they were chosen. page 18, line 13 to page 19, line 9 Time horizon 8 State the time horizon(s) over which costs and page 4, line 21 to 22; consequences are being evaluated and say why page 8, line 3 to appropriate. page 9, line 10; page 21, line 2 to 4 Discount rate 9 Report the choice of discount rate(s) used for costs page 9, line 17 to 18 and outcomes and say why appropriate. Choice of health 10 Jelaskan apa hasil yang digunakan sebagai ukuran (s) page 766 - 777, outcomes manfaat dalam evaluasi dan relevansi mereka untuk jenis analisis yang dilakukan. Measurement of 11a Estimasi berdasarkan studi tunggal: Jelaskan effectiveness sepenuhnya fitur desain dari studi efektivitas tunggal dan mengapa penelitian tunggal merupakan sumber yang cukup dari data efektivitas klinis. 11b Estimasi berbasis sintesis: Jelaskan sepenuhnya metode yang digunakan untuk identifikasi studi termasuk dan sintesis data efektivitas klinis. Measurement and 12 If applicable, describe the population and methods Page 766 valuation of preference used to elicit preferences for outcomes. based outcomes Jika berlaku, jelaskan populasi dan metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh preferensi untuk hasil.
Estimating resources and 13a Single study-based economic evaluation:Describe
costs approaches used to estimate resource use associated Page 767 with the alternative interventions. Describe primary Item Reported on page No/ Section/item No Recommendation line No or secondary research methods for valuing each resource item in terms of its unit cost. Describe any adjustments made to approximate to opportunity costs. Evaluasi ekonomi berbasis studi tunggal: Jelaskan pendekatan yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan penggunaan sumber daya yang terkait dengan intervensi alternatif. Jelaskan metode penelitian primer atau sekunder untuk menilai setiap item sumber daya dalam hal biaya unitnya. Jelaskan setiap penyesuaian yang dibuat untuk perkiraan biaya peluang. 13b Model-based economic evaluation: Describe page approaches and data sources used to estimate resource use associated with model health states. Describe primary or secondary research methods for valuing each resource item in terms of its unit cost. Describe any adjustments made to approximate to opportunity costs. Evaluasi ekonomi berbasis model: Jelaskan pendekatan dan sumber data yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan penggunaan sumber daya yang terkait dengan model status kesehatan. Jelaskan metode penelitian primer atau sekunder untuk menilai setiap item sumber daya dalam hal biaya unitnya. Jelaskan setiap penyesuaian yang dibuat untuk perkiraan biaya peluang. Currency, price date, and 14 Report the dates of the estimated resource quantities page 33, table 3; conversion and unit costs. Describe methods for adjusting page 9, line 16 to 17 estimated unit costs to the year of reported costs if necessary. Describe methods for converting costs into a common currency base and the exchange rate.
Laporkan tanggal perkiraan jumlah sumber daya dan
biaya unit. Jelaskan metode untuk menyesuaikan perkiraan biaya unit dengan tahun biaya yang dilaporkan jika diperlukan. Jelaskan metode untuk mengubah biaya menjadi basis mata uang umum dan nilai tukar. Choice of model 15 Describe and give reasons for the specific type of decision-analytical model used. Providing a figure to show model structure is strongly recommended.
Jelaskan dan berikan alasan untuk tipe tertentu dari
model analitik keputusan yang digunakan. Memberikan gambaran untuk menunjukkan struktur model sangat disarankan. Assumptions 16 Describe all structural or other assumptions page 768, underpinning the decision-analytical model. Jelaskan semua asumsi struktural atau lainnya yang mendukung model analisis keputusan. Analytical methods 17 Describe all analytical methods supporting the page 11, line 14 to evaluation. This could include methods for dealing page 12, line 10; with skewed, missing, or censored data; extrapolation page 35, table 7 methods; methods for pooling data; approaches to Item Reported on page No/ Section/item No Recommendation line No validate or make adjustments (such as half cycle corrections) to a model; and methods for handling population heterogeneity and uncertainty.
Jelaskan semua metode analitis yang mendukung
evaluasi. Ini dapat mencakup metode-metode untuk menangani data yang miring, hilang, atau disensor; metode ekstrapolasi; metode untuk mengumpulkan data; pendekatan untuk memvalidasi atau membuat penyesuaian (seperti koreksi setengah siklus) ke model; dan metode untuk menangani heterogenitas populasi dan ketidakpastian. Results Study parameters 18 Report the values, ranges, references, and, if used, page 769, probability distributions for all parameters. Report reasons or sources for distributions used to represent uncertainty where appropriate. Providing a table to show the input values is strongly recommended.
nilai, rentang, referensi, dan, distribusi probabilitas
untuk semua parameter. Laporkan alasan atau sumber untuk distribusi yang digunakan untuk mewakili ketidakpastian jika diperlukan. Menyediakan tabel untuk menunjukkan nilai input sangat disarankan. Incremental costs and 19 For each intervention, report mean values for the page 12, line 17 to outcomes main categories of estimated costs and outcomes of page 13, line 24; interest, as well as mean differences between the page 36, table 9; comparator groups. If applicable, report incremental figure 4 cost-effectiveness ratios. Untuk setiap intervensi, laporan berarti nilai untuk kategori utama perkiraan biaya dan hasil yang menarik, serta perbedaan rata-rata antara kelompok pembanding. Jika berlaku, laporkan rasio efektivitas biaya tambahan. Characterising uncertainty 20a Single study-based economic evaluation:Describe the effects of sampling uncertainty for the estimated incremental cost and incremental effectiveness parameters, together with the impact of methodological assumptions (such as discount rate, study perspective). 20b Model-based economic evaluation: Describe the page 14, line 1 to 14; effects on the results of uncertainty for all input figure 5 parameters, and uncertainty related to the structure of the model and assumptions. Characterising 21 If applicable, report differences in costs, outcomes, or not applicable heterogeneity cost-effectiveness that can be explained by variations between subgroups of patients with different baseline characteristics or other observed variability in effects that are not reducible by more information. Discussion Study findings, limitations, 22 Summarise key study findings and describe how they page 8, line 27 to generalisability, and support the conclusions reached. Discuss limitations page 12, line 27 current knowledge and the generalisability of the findings and how the findings fit with current knowledge. Item Reported on page No/ Section/item No Recommendation line No Other Source of funding 23 Describe how the study was funded and the role of Information provided via the funder in the identification, design, conduct, and the submission system reporting of the analysis. Describe other non- monetary sources of support. Conflicts of interest 24 Describe any potential for conflict of interest of study Information provided via contributors in accordance with journal policy. In the the submission system absence of a journal policy, we recommend authors comply with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommendations. For consistency, the CHEERS statement checklist format is based on the format of the CONSORT statement checklist