Pertinent Laws: RA 10175, “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012” in relation to

the Revised Penal Code, Art. 353-354.

Chapter II, Section 4(c)(4), RA 10175: Libel. — The unlawful or prohibited acts
of libel as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended,
committed through a computer system or any other similar means which may
be devised in the future.

Book Two, Title 13, Chapter One, Section One, Article 353: Definition of Libel--
A libel is a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real
or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status or circumstance tending to
cause the dishonor, discredit or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to
blacken the memory of one who is dead.
Book Two, Title 13, Chapter One, Section One, Article 354: Requirement for
publicity-- Every defamatory imputation is presumed to be malicious, even if it
be true, if no good intention and justifiable motive for making it is shown,
except in the following cases:
1. A private communication made by any person to another in the performance
of any legal, moral or social duty; and
2. A fair and true report, made in good faith, without any comments or remarks,
of any judicial, legislative or other official proceedings which are not of
confidential nature, or of any statement, report or speech delivered in said
proceedings, or of any other act performed by public officers in the exercise of
their functions.

RA 10175, Chapter II, Section 4(b)(3): The intentional acquisition, use, misuse,
transfer, possession, alteration or deletion of identifying information belonging
to another, whether natural or juridical, without right: Provided, That if no
damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree
lower.