Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. Jurisdiction of Courts 9
1. Supreme Court 10
2. Court of Appeals 13
3. Sandiganbayan 15
4. Regional Trial Courts 16
5. Family Courts 24
6. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in 25
Cities, Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts
7. Shari’ah Courts 29
A. Actions 42
1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions 42
2. Meaning of special civil actions 43
3. Meaning of criminal actions 43
4. Civil Actions versus Special proceedings 44
5. Personal actions and real actions 45
6. Local and transitory actions 47
7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem 48
8. Independent civil action 51
B. Cause of Action 51
1. Meaning of cause of action 51
2. Right of action versus cause of action 56
3. Failure to state a cause of action 56
4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action 57
5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects 57
6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action 63
D. Venue 85
1. Venue versus Jurisdiction 85
2. Venue of real actions 86
3. Venue of personal actions 86
4. Venue of actions against non-residents 86
5. When the rules on venue do not apply 87
6. Effects of stipulations on venue 87
E. Rules on Pleadings 91
1. Kinds of pleadings 92
a) Complaint 93
b) Answer 94
(1) Negative Defenses 94
(2) Negative pregnant 94
(3) Affirmative Defenses 95
c) Counterclaims 95
(1) Compulsory counterclaim 96
(2) Permissive counterclaim 98
(3) Effect on the counterclaim when the complaint 100
is dismissed
d) Cross-claim 101
e) Third (fourth, etc.) party complaint 102
f) Complaint-in-Intervention 104
g) Reply 105
6. Default 124
a) When a declaration of default is proper 124
b) Effect of an order of default 126
c) Relief from an order of default 126
d) Effect of partial default 128
e) Extent of relief to be awarded 129
f) Actions where default is not allowed 129
G. Amendment 140
1. Amendments as a matter of right 140
2. Amendments by leave of court 141
3. Formal amendments 141
4. Amendments to conform to or authorize 142
presentation of evidence
5. Supplemental pleadings 144
6. Effect of amended pleading 145
H. Summons 146
1. Nature and purpose of summons in relation to 146
actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem
2. Voluntary appearance 146
3. Personal service 147
4. Substituted service 148
5. Constructive service (by publication) 150
a) Service upon defendant whose identity or 150
whereabouts is unknown
b) Service upon residents temporarily outside the 153
Philippines
6. Extraterritorial service, when allowed 154
7. Service upon prisoners and minors 157
8. Proof of service 158
K. Pre-Trial 182
1. Concept of pre-trial 182
2. Nature and purpose 182
3. Notice of pre-trial 184
4. Appearance of parties; effect of failure to appear 184
5. Pre-trial brief; effect of failure to file 186
6. Distinction between pre-trial in a civil case and pre- 188
trial in a criminal case
L. Intervention 190
1. Requisites for intervention 192
2. Time to intervene 192
3. Remedy for the denial of motion to intervene 192
M. Subpoena 194
1. Suboena duces tecum 194
2. Subpoena ad testificandum 194
3. Service of subpoena 194
4. Compelling attendance of witnesses; Contempt 194
5. Quashing of subpoena 195
O. Trial 210
1. Adjournments and postponements 211
2. Requisites of motion to postpone trial 212
a) For absence of evidence 212
b) For illness of party or counsel 212
3. Agreed statement of facts 212
4. Order of trial; reversal of order 213
5. Consolidation or severance of hearing or trial 215
6. Delegation of reception of evidence 217
7. Trial by commissioners 217
a) Reference by consent or ordered on motion 217
b) Powers of the commissioner 218
c) Commissioner’s report; notice to parties and 218
hearing on the report
2. Appeals 243
a) Judgments and final orders subject to appeal 243
b) Matters not appealable 243
c) Remedy against judgments and orders which are 244
not appealable
d) Final Judgment Rule; Exceptions 244
e) Modes of appeal 244
(1) Ordinary appeal 248
(2) Petition for review 249
(3) Petition for review on certiorari 249
f) Issues to be raised on appeal 249
g) Period of appeal 250
h) Perfection of appeal 251
i) Participation of the Solicitor General during 251
appeal
j) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the MTC 251
k) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the RTC 254
l) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the CA 263
m) Review of judgments or final orders of the COA 263
n) Review of judgments or final orders of the 263
COMELEC
o) Review of judgments or final orders of the CSC 264
p) Review of judgments or final orders of the 264
Ombudsman
q) Review of judgments or final orders of quasi- 265
judicial agencies
r) Dismissal, reinstatement, and withdrawal of 266
appeal
s) Dual function of appellate courts 267
t) The “Harmless Error Rule” in Appellate Decisions 267
u) Relief from judgments or final orders and 267
resolutions
(1) Grounds for availing of the remedy 270
(2) Time to file action 271
(3) Contents of petition 272