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(19)

(11) EP 3 168 637 A1


(12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION

(43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.:


17.05.2017 Bulletin 2017/20 G01S 7/00 (2006.01) G01S 7/02 (2006.01)
G01S 13/34 (2006.01) G01S 13/86 (2006.01)
(21) Application number: 15194198.6 G01S 13/93 (2006.01)

(22) Date of filing: 12.11.2015

(84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors:


AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • Jenkins, Alan
GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO 85391 Allershausen (DE)
PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • Maisel, Juergen
Designated Extension States: 85567 Grafing bei Muenchen (DE)
BA ME
Designated Validation States: (74) Representative: Sandstedt, Jonas Sven James
MA MD WESTPATENT AB
Almekärrsvägen 11
(71) Applicant: Autoliv Development AB 443 39 Lerum (SE)
447 83 Vårgårda (SE)

(54) A MODULAR VEHICLE RADAR

(57) The present disclosure relates to a vehicle de-


tector system (3) comprising at least one group of at least
two analogue sensor arrangements (7a, 7b, 7c) arranged
to generate a respective digital signal (20a, 20b, 20c). At
least one analogue sensor arrangement is constituted
by a radar transceiver arrangement (7a, 7b) and at least
one analogue sensor arrangement (7c) is constituted by
another form of analogue sensor arrangement (7c). Each
analogue sensor arrangement (7a, 7b, 7c) comprises an
ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter) arrangement (10a,
10b, 10c). Each group of analogue sensor arrangements
(7a, 7b, 7c) is connected to a separate common control
unit (13) via a corresponding communication bus link
(22a, 22b, 22c) arranged to communicate an output from
said ADC:s (10a, 10b, 10c). The common control unit
(13) comprises a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) arrange-
ment (12) and a control unit (32).
EP 3 168 637 A1

Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR)


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Description and interference problems between different parts. It is


desired, however, to have an analogue sensor arrange-
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a vehicle de- ment with alleviated demands for thermal design and in-
tector system comprising at least one group of at least ternal RF shielding.
two analogue sensor arrangements that are arranged to 5 [0007] The object of the present disclosure is thus to
generate a respective digital signal. provide a vehicle detector system comprising analogue
[0002] Many vehicle detector systems comprise ana- sensor arrangements having alleviated demands for
logue sensor arrangements such as for example radar thermal design and internal RF shielding.
transceivers. A radar transceiver may for example be ar- [0008] This object is achieved by means of a vehicle
ranged to generate so-called chirp signals that are trans- 10 detector system comprising at least one group of at least
mitted, reflected and received by means of appropriate two analogue sensor arrangements arranged to gener-
antennas comprised in the radar system. A chirp signal ate a respective digital signal. At least one analogue sen-
is an FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) sor arrangement is constituted by a radar transceiver ar-
signal with a certain amplitude where the frequency is rangement, and at least one analogue sensor arrange-
continuously ramped between two values, the chirp sig- 15 ment is constituted by another form of analogue sensor
nal thus being in the form of a continuous sinusoid where arrangement. Each analogue sensor arrangement com-
the frequency varies from a first low frequency to a sec- prises an ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter) arrange-
ond high frequency over the course of the ramp. Alter- ment. Each group of analogue sensor arrangements is
natively the ramp may be such that the frequency varies connected to a separate common control unit via a cor-
from a first high frequency to a second low frequency. 20 responding communication bus link arranged to commu-
The magnitude of the change in frequency from start to nicate an output from said ADC:s, where the common
finish may for example be of the order of 0.5% of the control unit comprises a DSP (Digital Signal Processor)
starting frequency. arrangement and a control unit.
[0003] The received signals, thus constituted by re- [0009] According to an example, said another form of
flected radar echoes, are mixed with the transmitted chirp 25 analogue sensor arrangement is constituted by at least
signal in order to convert the received signals to base- one of a digital camera arrangement, a LIDAR (Light De-
band signals. These baseband signals, or IF (Intermedi- tection and Ranging) arrangement and/or an ultrasonic
ate Frequency) signals, are amplified and transferred in arrangement.
a plurality of channels to an Analog Digital Converter [0010] According to another example, said communi-
(ADC) arrangement which is arranged to convert the re- 30 cation bus link is in the form of a serial link in the form of
ceived analog signals to digital signals. The digital signals a shielded twisted pair or a coaxial cable.
are used for retrieving an azimuth angle of possible tar- [0011] According to another example, each radar
gets by simultaneously sampling and analyzing phase transceiver arrangement is arranged to generate a re-
and amplitude of the received signals. The analysis is spective radar signal, and to receive reflected signals
generally performed in one or more Digital Signal Proc- 35 where the transmitted radar signals have been reflected
essors/Cores (DSP:s) by means of Fast Fourier Trans- by one or more objects.
form (FFT) processing. [0012] According to another example, each radar sig-
[0004] Vehicle detector systems may also comprise nal is in the form of an FMCW (Frequency Modulated
other analogue sensor arrangements such as digital Continuous Wave) chirp signal, where each chirp signal
camera arrangements, LIDAR (Light Detection and 40 comprises a corresponding plurality of frequency ramps.
Ranging) arrangements and ultrasonic arrangements. Each frequency ramp runs between a first frequency and
These sensor arrangements also comprise a digital sig- a second frequency.
nal processing section, such as a DSP that takes the [0013] Other examples are disclosed in the dependent
analogue signals, converts them to digital via an ADC claims.
and then processes the data further to extract useful in- 45 [0014] A number of advantages are obtained by means
formation from the analogue sensor signal. of the present disclosure. Mainly, radar transceivers are
[0005] For all analogue sensor arrangements, the ex- provided having alleviated demands for thermal design
tracted useful information is for example in the form of and internal RF shielding.
an object list or more rarely a detection list. Such object [0015] Furthermore, by means of the present disclo-
lists are transmitted via a normal vehicle interface and 50 sure it is possible to have only one common control unit
cable system into a safety control unit where the high for a plurality of transceiver units, where the latency time
level object data from the various sensor types can be between data fusion of different transceiver units are sig-
combined and used to implement or trigger a variety of nificantly reduced. Control unit improvements, for exam-
well-known safety functions. ple regarding SOC (System-On-Chip), can easily be
[0006] Each analogue sensor arrangements needs to 55 adopted by redesign only a common control unit instead
be designed with regard to thermal dissipation and RF of complete transceiver units.
(Radio Frequency) shielding in order to cope with the [0016] Manufacturing tolerances and calibration data
heat that is generated due to high processing demands of each transceiver arrangement are stored in a non-

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volatile memory within each transceiver arrangement 8b with a second transmit antenna arrangement 14b, a
and can be read out by the common control unit during second receiver 9b with a second receiver antenna ar-
e.g. start-up phase of the system. rangement 16b, a second Analog to Digital Converter
[0017] Internal RF shielding requirements are reduced (ADC) arrangement 10b and a second sampling and tim-
and power dissipation is reduced such that no special 5 ing arrangement 11b.
thermal design is required. This also allows reduction of [0023] As shown in Figure 3, a transmitted FMCW chirp
the mechanical dimensions of the transceiver arrange- signal 4a, 4b is in the form of a continuous sinusoid where
ments which is limited by the ability to radiate heat. the output frequency Fout varies from a first frequency
fstart to a second frequency fstop over the course of a ramp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 10 r, where each chirp signal 4a, 4b comprises repeating
cycles of a plurality of frequency ramps r. There the mag-
[0018] The present disclosure will now be described nitude of the first frequency fstart falls below the magnitude
more in detail with reference to the appended drawings, of the second frequency fstop.
where: [0024] A cycle for a chirp signal 4a, 4b lasts for a certain
15 cycle time tc, each ramp r lasts a certain ramp time tr,
Figure 1 shows a schematic top view of a vehicle; having a ramp period time tT. Between two consecutive
ramps of the chirp signal 4a, 4b there is a delay time tD.
Figure 2 shows a simplified schematic of a vehicle de- [0025] Referring back to Figure 2, the reflected signals
tector system; and 5a, 5b are received by the receivers 9a, 9b via the re-
20 ceiver antenna arrangement 16a, 16b. The received sig-
Figure 3 shows an example of an FMCW chirp signal. nals 5a, 5b, thus constituted by reflected radar echoes,
are then mixed with the transmitted chirp signals 4a, 4b
DETAILED DESCRIPTION in the receivers 9a, 9b.
[0026] In this way, IF (Intermediate Frequency) signals
[0019] Figure 1 schematically shows a top view of a 25 17a, 17b are acquired and filtered in corresponding IF
vehicle 1 arranged to run on a road 2 in a direction D, filters 18a, 18b such that filtered IF signals 19a, 19b are
where the vehicle 1 comprises a vehicle detector system acquired.
3 which comprises a group of three analogue sensor ar- [0027] The difference frequency of the filtered IF sig-
rangements 7a, 7b, 7c arranged to generate a respective nals 19a, 19b relates to the target distance and are trans-
digital signal. A first analogue sensor arrangement 7a is 30 ferred to the corresponding ADC arrangement 10a, 10b,
constituted by a first radar transceiver arrangement 7a, where the filtered IF signals 19a, 19b are sampled at a
a second analogue sensor arrangement 7b is constituted certain predetermined sampling frequency fs and con-
by a second radar transceiver arrangement 7b, and a verted to digital signals 20a, 20b by means of the ADC
third analogue sensor arrangement 7c is constituted by arrangements 10a, 10b, the sampling frequency fs being
a digital camera arrangement 7c. 35 provided in the form of a sampling and timing signal 21a,
[0020] The radar transceiver arrangements 7a, 7b are 21b produced by the corresponding sampling and timing
arranged to distinguish and/or resolve single targets from arrangement 11a, 11b.
the surroundings by transmitting signals 4a, 4b and re- [0028] The digital camera arrangement 7c comprises
ceiving reflected signals 5a, 5b and using a Doppler effect a lens 26, a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Sem-
in a previously well-known manner. The radar transceiver 40 iconductor) sensor array arrangement 27 and a picture
arrangements 7a, 7b are arranged to provide azimuth data ADC arrangement 10c. The CMOS sensor array
angles of possible objects 6 by simultaneously sampling arrangement comprises control circuitry 27 for controlling
and analyzing phase and amplitude of the received sig- the functions of the digital camera arrangement 7c. The
nals 5a, 5b. picture data ADC arrangement 10c is adapted to convert
[0021] With reference also to Figure 2, each transceiv- 45 analogue image data to digital signals 20c.
er arrangement 7a, 7b is arranged for generating and [0029] According to the present disclosure, the first
transmitting sweep signals in the form of FMCW (Fre- transceiver arrangement 7a, the second transceiver ar-
quency Modulated Continuous Wave) chirp signals 4a, rangement 7b and the digital camera arrangement 7c are
4b of a previously known kind, and to receive reflected connected to a separate common control unit 13 via a
signals 5a, 5b, where the transmitted chirp signals 4a, 50 corresponding communication link bus 22a, 22b, 22c,
4b have been reflected by an object 6. where the common control unit 13 comprises a DSP (Dig-
[0022] The first transceiver arrangement 7a comprises ital Signal Processor) arrangement 12 and a control unit
a first transmitter 8a with a first transmit antenna arrange- 32.
ment 14a, a first receiver 9a with a first receiver antenna [0030] Each communication link bus 22a, 22b, 22c
arrangement 16a, a first Analog to Digital Converter 55 may be in the form of a serial link constituted by a shielded
(ADC) arrangement 10a and a first sampling and timing twisted pair or a coaxial cable. The common control unit
arrangement 11a. Correspondingly, the second trans- 13 is shown to comprise a first bus interface 25a for com-
ceiver arrangement 7b comprises a second transmitter munication via the communication link buses 22a, 22b,

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22c . the safety means 36 in dependence of input from the


[0031] Other types of communication link buses 22a, vehicle detector system 3, suitably via the vehicle bus 23.
22b, 22c are of course conceivable, even parallel link [0040] Since the signal processing chain is present in
buses. the unit for all sensor arrangements 7a, 7b, 7c, informa-
[0032] The communication link buses 22a, 22b, 22c 5 tion exchange at all levels can take place between the
are arranged for communicating raw un-processed dig- various signal processing components for various sen-
ital data from the respective ADC arrangements 10a, sors and sensor types in an efficient manner using the
10b, 10c. full information available at a raw ADC level without any
[0033] In each analogue sensor arrangements 7a, 7b, loss of information. This improves the overall perform-
7c there is a corresponding bus interface 24a, 24b, 24c. 10 ance of the vehicle detector system 3 from an efficiency
All or some parts of each transceiver arrangement 7a, perspective and improves the ability of a sensor network
7b may be realized as one or more MMIC:s (Monolithic to perceive the surrounding environment, i.e. the feature
Microwave Integrated Circuits). or features now have a richer information set on which
[0034] Suitably, according to some aspects, such an to base a decision.
MMIC is able to initialize and execute radar signaling 15 [0041] Another benefit is that the hardware around the
sequences by themselves. It is beneficial to implement signal processing components, which normally is repli-
diagnostics functions, which can be read out from the cated in each individual sensor, is only needed at one
central processing unit on demand. Local storage of di- position; at the common control unit 13.
agnostic trouble codes support this concept. Alternative- [0042] The present disclosure is not limited to the ex-
ly, a fast back-channel is needed for the selected bus to 20 amples above, but may vary freely within the scope of
provide a fast back-channel enabling the common control the appended claims. For example, the chirp signal
unit 13 to control analogue sensor arrangements 7a, 7b, ramps shown is only an example; they may for example
7c. Such a fast back-channel is suitably arranged for data be configured as up-ramp as described, or as down-
speeds exceeding 1 Mbit/s. ramps, or some combination of both. There may not be
[0035] Many other types of links are of course conceiv- 25 any delay time tD between consecutive ramps.
able, such as for example CAN (controller area network), [0043] The vehicle detector system may be implement-
CAN-FD (CAN with Flexible Data-Rate), FlexRay or Eth- ed in any type of vehicle such as cars, trucks and buses
ernet based bus systems such as BroadR-Reach. as well as boats and aircraft.
[0036] According to some aspects, the common con- [0044] The schematics of the vehicle detector system
trol unit 13 is in the form of a so called System-On-Chip 30 are simplified, only showing parts that are considered
(SOC) which handles radar signal processing and vehicle relevant for an adequate description of the present dis-
data processing. Alternatively, the common control unit closure.
13 is in the form of an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate [0045] The number of antenna arrangements, anten-
Array), or a micro-controller DSP. The common control nas within each antenna arrangement and IF signals may
unit 13 is connected to other components in the vehicle 35 vary.
1 via a vehicle bus 23 such as a CAN bus. The common [0046] Each ADC arrangement and DSP arrangement
control unit 13 is shown to comprise a second bus inter- should be interpreted as having a corresponding ADC or
face 25b for communication via the vehicle bus 23. DSP functionality, and may each be constituted by a plu-
[0037] The bus interfaces 25a, 25b of the common con- rality of separate components. Alternatively, each ADC
trol unit 13 may be integrated into one combined bus 40 arrangement may be comprised in one ADC chip, and
interface. each DSP arrangement may be comprised in one DSP
[0038] The DSP arrangement 12 is adapted for radar chip.
signal processing by means of a first FFT (Fast Fourier [0047] Each antenna arrangement 14a, 14b; 16a, 16b
Transform) to convert the digital signals 20 to a range may for example comprise one or more antennas, and
domain, and a second FFT to combine the results from 45 each antenna may be constituted by one antenna ele-
successive chirp signal ramps into the Doppler domain. ment or by an array of antenna elements.
This results in Range-Doppler matrices that are trans- [0048] There may be any suitable number of analogue
ferred for further processing, which is not further dis- sensor arrangements where all are connected to a com-
cussed here, many examples of such further processing mon control unit 13. Alternatively, there may be several
being well-known in the art. The DSP arrangement 12 is 50 groups of analogue sensor arrangements that are con-
also adapted for picture data signal processing in a well- nected to different respective common control units.
known manner. The DSP arrangement 12 is for the above [0049] For each group of analogue sensor arrange-
purposes suitable divided in two or more separate DSP ments, at least one analogue sensor arrangement is con-
units. stituted by a radar transceiver arrangement 7a, 7b and
[0039] As indicated in Figure 1, the vehicle 1 comprises 55 at least one analogue sensor arrangement is constituted
a safety control unit 35 and safety means 36, for example by another form of analogue sensor arrangement 7c.
an emergency braking system and/or an alarm signal Said another form of analogue sensor arrangement is for
device. The safety control unit 35 is arranged to control example constituted by the described digital camera ar-

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rangements, but may also be constituted by a LIDAR ic arrangement.


(Light Detection and Ranging) arrangement and/or an [0057] According to an example, said communication
ultrasonic arrangement. A group of analogue sensor ar- bus link 22a, 22b, 22c is in the form of a serial link 22a,
rangements may be constituted by any number of ana- 22b, 22c in the form of a shielded twisted pair or a coaxial
logue sensor arrangements, but in view of the above, 5 cable.
there should be at least two analogue sensor arrange- [0058] According to an example, the common control
ments. unit 13 is in the form of an FPGA (Field-Programmable
[0050] There may thus be one or more radar transceiv- Gate Array), a SOC (System-On-Chip) or micro-control-
er arrangements 7a, 7b, and one or more analogue sen- ler DSP combination, and is arranged to handle radar
sor arrangements 7c of another type in the vehicle de- 10 signal processing and vehicle data processing.
tector system 3. Two or more analogue sensor arrange- [0059] According to an example, the common control
ments may be positioned within a common housing unit 13 is in the form of an RCU (Radar Control Unit) or
and/or module. ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) ECU
[0051] The common control unit 13 may for example (Electronic Control Unit), or a combination of these.
may be in the form of a radar control unit (RCU), an ADAS 15 [0060] According to an example, the common control
(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) ECU (Electronic unit 13 is connected to other components in the vehicle
Control Unit) or a combination of these. 1 via a vehicle bus 23.
[0052] Such a common control unit 13 may have dif- [0061] According to an example, each radar transceiv-
ferent contents, but is generally arranged for digital signal er arrangement 7a, 7b is arranged to generate a respec-
processing of radar raw data received from the transceiv- 20 tive radar signal 4a, 4b, and to receive reflected signals
er arrangements as well as from other sensor types such 5a, 5b where the transmitted radar signals 4a, 4b have
as the mentioned LIDAR, digital camera (Mono or Stereo) been reflected by one or more objects 6.
arrangements, and/or ultrasonic arrangements. The re- [0062] According to an example, each radar signal is
ceived data of the sensor elements will be de-serialized in the form of an FMCW (Frequency Modulated Contin-
by single or multiple input de-serializers. 25 uous Wave) chirp signal 4a, 4b where each chirp signal
[0053] The transceiver arrangements 7a, 7b have 4a, 4b comprises a corresponding plurality of frequency
been described to generate and transmit a respective ramps r, and where each frequency ramp r runs between
FMCW chirp signal 4a, 4b. Other kinds of FMCW signals a first frequency fstart and a second frequency fstop.
and FMCW signal configurations are also conceivable, [0063] According to an example, the detector system
as well as other types of Doppler radar signals. Pulse 30 3 is arranged to provide input to a safety control unit 35
radar, FSK (frequency-shift keying) or CW (continuous that in turn is arranged to control safety means 36, where
wave) waveform are also conceivable, like all other kinds the detector system 3, the safety control unit 35 and the
of suitable modulation techniques. Generally, the trans- safety means 36 are comprised in a vehicle 1.
ceiver arrangements 7a, 7b are arranged to generate
and transmit a least two radar signals 4a, 4b. 35
[0054] The transceiver arrangements 7a, 7b may also Claims
be referred to as so-called radar front ends (RFE:s).
[0055] Generally, the present disclosure relates to a 1. A vehicle detector system (3) comprising at least one
vehicle detector system 3 comprising at least one group group of at least two analogue sensor arrangements
of at least two analogue sensor arrangements 7a, 7b, 7c 40 (7a, 7b, 7c) arranged to generate a respective digital
arranged to generate a respective digital signal 20a, 20b, signal (20a, 20b, 20c), where at least one analogue
20c, where at least one analogue sensor arrangement sensor arrangement is constituted by a radar trans-
is constituted by a radar transceiver arrangement 7a, 7b ceiver arrangement (7a, 7b) and at least one ana-
and at least one analogue sensor arrangement 7c is con- logue sensor arrangement (7c) is constituted by an-
stituted by another form of analogue sensor arrangement 45 other form of analogue sensor arrangement (7c),
7c, where each analogue sensor arrangement 7a, 7b, 7c where each analogue sensor arrangement (7a, 7b,
comprises an ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter) ar- 7c) comprises an ADC, Analogue to Digital Convert-
rangement 10a, 10b, 10c. Each group of analogue sen- er, arrangement (10a, 10b, 10c), characterized in
sor arrangements 7a, 7b, 7c is connected to a separate that each group of analogue sensor arrangements
common control unit 13 via a corresponding communi- 50 (7a, 7b, 7c) is connected to a separate common con-
cation bus link 22a, 22b, 22c arranged to communicate trol unit (13) via a corresponding communication bus
an output from said ADC:s 10a, 10b, 10c, where the com- link (22a, 22b, 22c) arranged to communicate an out-
mon control unit 13 comprises a DSP (Digital Signal Proc- put from said ADC:s (10a, 10b, 10c), where the com-
essor) arrangement 12 and a control unit 32. mon control unit (13) comprises a DSP, Digital Signal
[0056] According to an example, said another form of 55 Processor, arrangement (12) and a control unit (32).
analogue sensor arrangement 7c is constituted by at
least one of a digital camera arrangement, a LIDAR (Light 2. The vehicle detector system (3) according to claim
Detection and Ranging) arrangement and/or an ultrason- 1, characterized in that said another form of ana-

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logue sensor arrangement (7c) is constituted by at


least one of a digital camera arrangement, a LIDAR,
Light Detection and Ranging, arrangement and/or
an ultrasonic arrangement.
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3. The vehicle detector system (3) according to any one
of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said com-
munication bus link (22a, 22b, 22c) is in the form of
a serial link (22a, 22b, 22c) in the form of a shielded
twisted pair or a coaxial cable. 10

4. The vehicle detector system (3) according to any one


of the previous claims, characterized in that the
common control unit (13) is in the form of an FPGA,
Field-Programmable Gate Array, a SOC, System- 15
On-Chip, or micro-controller DSP combination, and
is arranged to handle radar signal processing and
vehicle data processing.

5. The vehicle detector system (3) according to any one 20


of the previous claims, characterized in that the
common control unit (13) is in the form of an RCU,
Radar Control Unit, or ADAS, Advanced Driver As-
sistance Systems, ECU, Electronic Control Unit, or
a combination of these. 25

6. The vehicle detector system (3) according to any one


of the previous claims, characterized in that the
common control unit (13) is connected to other com-
ponents in the vehicle (1) via a vehicle bus (23). 30

7. The vehicle detector system (3) according to any one


of the previous claims, characterized in that each
radar transceiver arrangement (7a, 7b) is arranged
to generate a respective radar signal (4a, 4b), and 35
to receive reflected signals (5a, 5b) where the trans-
mitted radar signals (4a, 4b) have been reflected by
one or more objects (6).

8. The vehicle detector system (3) according to claim 40


7, characterized in that each radar signal is in the
form of an FMCW, Frequency Modulated Continu-
ous Wave, chirp signal (4a, 4b) where each chirp
signal (4a, 4b) comprises a corresponding plurality
of frequency ramps (r), and where each frequency 45
ramp (r) runs between a first frequency (fstart) and a
second frequency (fstop) .

9. The vehicle detector system (3) according to any one


of the previous claims, characterized in that the 50
detector system (3) is arranged to provide input to a
safety control unit (35) that in turn is arranged to con-
trol safety means (36), where the detector system
(3), the safety control unit (35) and the safety means
(36) are comprised in a vehicle (1). 55

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