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PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT SMEs MAKERS ACEH TYPICAL TRADITIONAL


CAKE (KARAH CAKE) MECHANIZATION TOOL MAKERS ON CAKE

Fitriadi1, Pribadyo2
1
Lecturer Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering UTU
2
Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering UTU
Jl. Kampus Alue Peunyareng Meulaboh-Aceh Barat

Karah cake is a kind of snack that is quite popular among the people of Aceh, which is made
of rice flour, a triangular-shaped often also doubled. The people of Aceh made this cake as
well as part of customs and ceremonies, particularly in Aceh Barat, the wedding ceremony
and also events of death. For example, in Khanduri Peuet Ploeh. However, this cake is also
known familiarly by the public in some other districts in Aceh. During the production process
of making a karah cake is manually and traditionally, the operator looks at the attitude of
working postures performed in a seated position squatting in front of the container frying pan,
allowing the operator to experience temperatures elevated body temperature due to excessive
hot environment, and also complaints on the hands, arms, shoulders and waist, because the
working attitude long enough and done continuously repeated approximately 4-5 hours per
day. Influence works continuously repeated in a long period of time can increase the weight
of the load and the frequency is high, this can result in fatigue, because the muscle receive
pressure from workloads continuously repeatedly (repetitive), that will cause pain lead to
reduced work performance. Work activities are carried out repeatedly in a long time, causing
Musculosceletal Disorder. The emergence Musculosceletal Disorder on the operator can
reduce work productivity due to operator motion relaxation to reduce the pain. So this
research aims to identify the complaints Musculoskeletal Disorder on the carrier, determine
the dimensions of anthropometry appropriate to do the repair design work facility, to analyze
the condition of workers when using the facilities of existing work methods QEC and
designing machine operator working in accordance with the work pattern cake making tartar
so expect can increase the productivity of SMEs.

Keywords: Karah Cake, Work Tool Design, Musculoskeletal Complaints

1. Introduction It is estimated that, currently SMEs


Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Aceh has absorbed a workforce of about 275
(SMEs) have a strategic role in the economy thousand people (www.waspada.co.id,
of Aceh, as applicable in the national 23.01.2013). MSMEs are engaged mainly in
economy. Data from the Ministry of the sectors of trade, services, agriculture,
Cooperatives and Small and Medium industrial, and marine fisheries.
Enterprises shows that the number of SMEs The decisive role of SMEs for the
in 2011 amounted to 55,206,444 units and economy of Aceh in line with the
employment for 101 722,458 people, while contribution of SMEs to the national
in 2012 as many as 56,534,592 units provide economy. Data from the Ministry of
employment for 107,657,509 people. Cooperatives and SMEs in 2008 showed a
Based on these data from year to year significant contribution of SMEs nationwide.
an increasing number of SMEs and First, industrial SMEs in the economic sector
employment in the field of SMEs, then reaching 99.9% of total business units.
certainly a very big potential of SME sector Second, the ability of SMEs to absorb the
in moving the national economy. SMEs can employment reached 97.04% of the total
create a stable domestic economy through labor force works. Third, SMEs accounted
economic independence.
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for 55.56% in the establishment of the Gross So that one can work with both the
Domestic Product (GDP). necessary comfort of the workplace
Given the significant presence of environment. Conditions of excessive heat
SMEs, the Government of Aceh should resulting in fatigue, sleepiness, reducing the
support the economy's serious business gait. stability of the body, which in turn raises the
The government's policy to develop and stress level, (Grandjean, 1986). Heat
strengthen SMEs in economic activity need exposure in the work environment increases
to be formulated and implemented properly blood flow, to bring the heat to the surface
and carefully. The policy should lead to the of the body. As a result of the blood flow,
creation of conducive business climate, the skin dilate and open pores to remove the
support business development, improving heat sweating. The mechanism of
the quality of human resources, and evaporation causes the body to cool and the
institutional strengthening of SMEs. body temperature decreases, (Prece 1994).
Although it has a prominent position Hundreds of millions of workers
in supporting the regional economy, SMEs around the world working in
Aceh has not developed to the optimum. uncomfortable conditions and can cause
Various problems twisting steps of SMEs, health problems. Each year 1.1 million
which are related to capital, product deaths occurred which caused the disease
marketing, managerial ability, equipment or which is caused by the work.
and working tools are still tradisioanal which Approximately 300,000 deaths occurred
ultimately boils down to productivity in the from 250 million accidents and the rest are
SME. due to occupational deaths which occurred
These problems also occur in a typical 160 million in pekirakan disease due to
traditional pastry maker SMEs Aceh (karah unsafe working relationship and
cake). The production process manually is uncomfortable, cause of death related to
found in the manufacture of pastry products work, as in Figure 2.
karah. The production process is done
manually is of course affect the quality and
quantity of production that will eventually
lose the competitive market.
The production process of making a Figure 2. Graph Disease by comparing the
karah cake manually and traditionally, the Job In The World
operator looks at the attitude of working Based on data Meureubo Meureubo
postures performed in a seated position District of West Aceh district, there are
squatting in front of the container frying pan, seven types of disease heaviest
allowing the operator to experience experienced in 2015 including the
temperatures elevated body temperature due Common Cold, Network Systems Muscles,
to excessive hot environment, and also ISPA (Respiratory), Hypotension, Lukak
complaints on the hands, arms, shoulders Lambang, hypertension, skin diseases. As
and waist, because the working attitude long in Figure 3
enough and done continuously repeated
approximately 4-5 hours per day.

Figure 3. Graph Type Disease Patients In


Figure 1. Posture working Maker Karah Sub Meureubo 2015
Cake
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Noting the real state operators Where :


always have complaints Musculoskeletal X = total score obtained from the
Disorder (complaints of pain in skeletal assessment of posture,
muscle) therefore, researchers must Xmax = total maximum score work
conduct repair work at the facility operator posture.
Acehnese cake maker (Cake Karah) that is
expected to increase productivity Table posture assessment work using the
in the SME. Quick Exposure Check (QEC) can be seen
in Table 1 dan.2
2. Literature Review
2.1. Working posture
Working posture is the posture while Table 1. Rate Observer QEC
working arrangements. Different working
attitude will produce different strengths. At
work should be done naturally posture so as
to minimize the occurrence of injuries at
work.
Assessment of the effectiveness of
these workers work postures can be done by
various methods, namely:
1. Ovako Working Postures Analysis
system (OWAS)
2. Rapid Upper Limb Assesment (RULA)
3. Rapid Entire Body Assesment (REBA)
4. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC)
Sumber : www. hse.gov.uk
2.2. Quick Exposure Check (QEC)
Quick Exposure Check (QEC) is a tool
for risk assessment of work-related Table 2. Assessment Worker QEC
musculoskeletal disorders (work-related
musculoskeletal disorders/WMDs) in the
workplace. QEC assess the risk that
disruptions occur on the back of the spine
(back), shoulder/arm (shoulder/arm), wrist
(hand/wrist), and neck (neck), (Li,
Guangyan and Peter Buckle, 2005).
QEC assessment carried out to
researchers and workers. Furthermore, the
sum of each score the result of a
Sumber : www. hse.gov.uk
combination of each section score obtained
by the grade level of action, (Li, Guangyan
and Peter Buckle, 2005).
3. Methodology
Exposure Level (E) is calculated based
3.1. Type and Design Research
on the percentage of the total score of actual
This study is the descriptive method
exposure (X) with a total maximum score
(Descriptive Research). The study was
(Xmax), namely:
conducted identification ergonomics
produces workings assessment is in
conformity with the principles of
ergonomics or not. The method used is
Quich Exposure Checklist (QEC).
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3.2. Step Research


Designing maker traditional cake (cake tartar) then needs to be done in several stages,
namely:
1. Sampling on SMEs engaged in the business of making cakes Aceh (Karah Cake).
2. Measure the posture of the operator and the operator's body anthropometric data
Acehnese traditional cake maker (Karah Cake)
3. Identify the complaints of the workers' traditional Acehnese cake maker (Karah Cake)
(Ratings Form SNQ)
4. Processing SNQ
5. Determination of the level of risk scores and actual working posture.
6. Acquisition of dimensions required to design facilities
7. Testing uniformity, adequacy and normality of data
8. Complaints Analysis Based on Questionnaires been SNQ
9. The design of the machine tool maker Aceh typical traditional cake (Karah Cake)

4. Results and Analysis


4.1. Anthropometric Data
Data body dimensions required in the design of the cake maker ergonomic tartar can
be seen in Table 3
Table 3. Anthropometric Data 30 Operator Karah Cake Maker

JT TMB DGT TMB DGT


No No JT
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
1 74,3 140 3,75 16 73,1 133 4,00
2 72,8 131 4,25 17 75,1 143 4,25
3 74,9 136 3,75 18 73,3 142 4,25
4 76,1 143 4,25 19 74,5 144 4,20
5 73 133 4,25 20 72,9 131 4,35
6 76 143 3,75 21 77 143 3,75
7 76,3 143 3,75 22 76 144 4,25
8 73 136 4,25 23 73,4 141 4,25
9 72 141 4,25 24 71,9 133 4,25
10 77 130 4,25 25 73,3 142 4,25
11 72 144 4,25
26 74 143 3,75
12 76,1 131 4,25
27 75 144 4,25
13 73 140 4,25
28 72,3 140 4,25
14 72,9 140 4,00
29 71,8 133 4,00
15 74,2 134 4,25
30 74,3 141 4,25

4.2.Posture Data Processing Work With QEC Method


Questionnaires QEC by observers and workers on the dough-making activities can be seen
in Figure 4, and assessment scores QEC in Figure 5.
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Figure 4 Observations by QEC Questionnaire on Decision Dough

Figure 5. Assessment Score QEC on Making Dough


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Exposure value calculation (E) for 4.3. Anthropometric Data Processing


the extraction of the batter into the mold Antrapometri data testing include:
storage warehouse. 1. Uniformity Test Data
X = total score obtained from the Table. 6. Summary of Uniformity Test Data
assessment of posture (back + shoulder /
arm + wrist + neck + vibration + run +
trouble + stress) X = 18 + 24 + 14 + 6 + 4 +
1 + 1 + 3 = 71
Body type is a static state, including
sitting or standing with / without repetition
(repetitive) were frequent and the use of 2. Test Data Sufficiency
force / load is relatively low Xmaks = 162. Table 7. Summary of Test Data Sufficiency
Exposure (E) can be calculated with the
following formula:

Exposure value will be used to


determine the level of action QEC as shown
below
Table 4. Value Level Event Actions
3. Test Data normalcy with the
QEC On Making Dough
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Table 8. Calculation Results Summary of
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the
Dimension Anthropometric Workers

Because the value of E = 43.8%, the


level of action to the dough mold-making
activities are 2. Action required is needed
4. Calculation Percentile
some time to come
Table 9. Summary of Calculation of
The overall results for each activity can
percentile 5, 50, and 95 for the whole
be seen in the following tebel.
dimension of anthropometry.
Table 5. Summary of Working Posture
Assessment Overall Activity

4.4. Karah Cake Makers Equipment


Design
Based on the analysis, it can be
designed machine cake maker tartar on the
basis of the calculation engine dimensions
nerujuk percentile. The machine
dimensions are:
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1. High-Rod Iron Machine


a. Dimensions Body : Eyes High Standing (EHS)
b. Data Size : Average
c. Allowance : None.
d. High Iron Rod Engine : 139 cm
2. Distance Operator Panel Against
a. Dimensions Body : Reach Hands (RH)
b. Data Size : Average
c. Allowance : None
d. Operator Panel Against distance : 74,05 cm
3. Against Iron Hand Grip Diameter Crank
a. Hand Grip Dimensions : (HGD)
b. Data Size : Average
c. Allowance : None
d. Hand Grip Diameter : 4,12 cm

Based on the results obtained rancnagan tool like this


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5. Conclusion Bibliography
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conducted in this study can be concluded man. A textbook of occupational
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