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Preparing Bar schedule manualyJeasika Jeyakumar June 12, 2016 Preparing Bar
schedule manualy2016-09-23T15:40:21+00:00Structures

REINFORCEMENT (R/f)

Introduction
Reinforced concrete is the most commonly used structural material in engineering
construction. Although concrete is strong in resisting compressive stress, it is
weak intention. Hence to withstand tensional stresses, steel is need in concrete.
The reinforcement in concrete may be simple bars or rods bend and tied to a given
schedule with stirrups. The nominal diameters of bars used at site were Y10, Y12,
Y16, Y20, Y25 and R6.

Steel is supplied in two basic types.

1. Mild steel (250 N/mm2)

2. Tor steel (460 N/mm2)

Bar code
Indication of Reinforcement in Drawings

Engineering drawings is a language to communicate with details. Therefore there is

a standard to indicate reinforcement in drawing such as,

5Y10- 001- 150:-Which means 5 Number of Tor steel, 10mm Diameter, Bar mark 001, At
150mm CRS. At bottom face.

Bar location can be vary as follows:

Notation for Slab-

T1 -Top outer layer, T2 -Top second layer

B1 -Bottom outer layer, B2 -Bottom second layer

Cutting and Bending of Bars

There is a steel yard in the site for storing, cutting and bending of bars.
Reinforcement bars are cut into required lengths and bent into required shapes
shown on the bar schedule either manually or by means of machinery.
 In manual operations, laborers used the bar bending bench on which strong
nails are fixed and GI pipes with suitable lengths to bend the bars. That is used
for smaller diameter bars. For bending of larger diameter bars, bar bending machine
is used. After bending all reinforcement bars were bundled and clearly numbered
according to the bar mark so that steel fixers will not face any difficulty when
fixing them.

Picture1

Fig.1 :- Bar bending work

Prepare bar schedule (important considerations)

Reinforcement Bar Schedule

Reinforcement Bar Schedule is prepared in a standard manner. The bar bending

schedule should be prepared and it should be submitted to the steel bar steel yard
to cut and to bend the bars for purposes, because bar bending schedule is the
simplest of details what is in the drawings which can easy to under stand for bar
benders. It contains all the details needed for fabrication of steel.Those details
are bar mark, bar type and size, number of units, length of a bar, shape code,
distance between stirrups (column, plinth, beam) etc.

Advantages of the Bar Schedule:

By preparing a bar schedule, and arranging them according to the lengths, it will
lead to an economical bar cutting, reduce the bar cutting wastages.
It is easy to manage the reinforcement stock required for identified time duration.
It will help to fabrication of R/F with structure.
Calculating weight of the steel

While prepared the bar schedule, we used the unit weight of reinforcement bar.

Nominal Diameter of the bar (mm) Unit weight (kg/m)

R6 0.222
R10 0.610
T10 0.617
T12 0.888
T16 1.580
T20 2.469
T25 3.858
T32 6.313
Table- Unit weight of the bar

It is necessary to be careful about length when preparing bar schedules. In case of

bending, bar length will increased at the bending positions.

Minimization of bar cutting wastage

In the site several steps were adopted for that purpose. Those are, Use of 12m
long r/f bars rather than using shorter bars. For example 6m bars off cuts of 12m
bars were used to prepare stools, separators etc.

Off cuts of larger diameter (25mm) bars-for spacer bars

Off cuts of smaller diameter (10mm) bars-for stools
Lapping
Lapping is required when a bar isn�t long enough or a joint is required. Bars
may be deliberately left short for constructability and transportation concerns.
The preferred method of lapping where the two bars overlap each other for some
minimum distance. This distance is called Lap length. These two bars are in
physical contact and wired together. It does not represent an actual bend in the
bar.

Picture20

Fig 2: Lapping and cranking detail

Other material used In Reinforcement Works

Binding Wires

R/f bars are jointed with using wires which is called �binding wires�. Hackers are
used to bind these wires.

Cover Blocks

They were made up of 1:3 ratio of cement mortar. Cover blocks should be
immersed in water for 28 days to get the maximum strength.All the beams were
checked to ensure adequate cover blocks are provided to the bottom and sides of the
beam reinforcement. Main bars of the columns were adjusted to ensure the covering
requirements before concreting. Stools of correct height were used to maintain the
require gap between top and bottom reinforcement nets and cover blocks were also
provided to bottom reinforcement.

Picture21

Fig 3: Cover blocks

Cover to Reinforcement

Concrete cover for steel bar is much necessary to protect the steel against
corrosion (rusting) and to provide resistance against fire.
For R.C.C. Slab and staircase the cover is 20 mm.
For RCC column the cover (To stirrups) 30mm.
In case of underground structures the cover is 50 mm.
In case of beams in superstructure (To stirrups) the cover is 25mm.
In case of ground resting floor slab (Top surface) and retaining walls the cover is
50m.

Stirrups
Stirrups will be required at areas of high shear, such as bearing points and
below large point loads. Increasing concrete beam spans, to reduce the need for
additional piers, has resulted in the need for the use of steel stirrups. Concrete
beams vary in depth. The deeper the beam, the more shear capacity. When the depth
is not adequate, steel stirrups must be added to increase the shear capacity of the
beam.

These stirrups are usually one piece of steel that is bent into a
rectangular shape. The stirrup typically wraps around the bottom and top bars of
the beams. A designer should specify the size, spacing and location along the
length of the beam where the stirrups are required. In my site specify the stirrup
dimensions in our section drawings, so that the stirrup can be manufactured prior
to installation. The installer should be careful to fabricate the stirrup from one
piece of steel and adequately overlap each end.

Picture22

Fig 4: Bar Schedule for stirrups

Stools
Stools are used to separate the top reinforcement mesh and bottom reinforcement
mesh. Dimension of the Stools could be change as requirement. Those should be
strength enough to bear the loads without changing the gap of two layers. 12 mm or
16 mm bars are used to make the stools.

Picture24Picture23

Fig 5: Stools

Important points to be checked.

Size of the bar

Length of the bar
Location of the bar
Position of the bar
Number of bars
Lap lengths
Correct cover of reinforcements and cover blocks
Spacing (in slab reinforcements and stirrups)
Direction of the bars (in slabs)
Dimensions of the element thickness of a slab, depth and width of a beam, etc�)
Columns, Beams, Slab Reinforcement

Column Reinforcement
The column reinforcement bars should be stared from the Footing. The upper
column reinforcement bars are cranked at the laps and connected. Special care
should be taken in this to ensure the lap lengths. After erection of main
reinforcements, cover blocks were attached to column reinforcements to maintain the
required cover for column reinforcement. Most of Columns centers were located at
intersections of grid lines.

Stirrup spacing

According to the Column reinforcement details drawing the reinforcement

detail for a typical internal Column, from to basement to ground floor is as
follows.

Column stirrups were tightened up to beam bottom level and rest is tightened
once beam reinforcement is fabricated. So Bar benders was instructed how to provide
the stirrups. Mark the stirrup spacing from the basement floor level in the Column
main bars with a chalk as follow the detail drawing.

E.g.:

Picture25Picture26

Fig 6: Section of column Reinforcement

Bar Schedule for Footing, Column up to DPC and Column.

E.g-

Picture2

Footing

Size � 1000 x 1000 x 250

R/f Details � Y10 at 225 C/C (B) Both ways

Picture3

Table 1: Schedule for Footing, Column up to DPC and Column

Beam Reinforcement
Beam is a horizontal structural member resting on two or more supports. It is
used to transfer the load to the columns.Beam reinforcements are arranged after the
construction of beam and slab formwork.

The method adopted for the arrangement of beam reinforcements is as follows:

First the top most reinforcement bars are hung over the beam formwork and then
the stirrups are placed and bound at correct positions. Thereafter the bottom
reinforcement bars are placed and bound to the stirrups. After that the rest of the
reinforcement bars and tension bars are inserted into the cage according to
structural drawings. Then cover blocks are fixed to bottom and side reinforcements
before placing the concrete.

Consideration for give lap length

Picture27

Fig 7: Reinforcement for beams

Top reinforcement of the beam shall be lapped at the middle of the span of
between two supports. Bottom reinforcement of the beam shall be lapped at the end
of the span of the two supports. Considering the region where the maximum bending
movement is existing.

Lapping is did the place which the tension is didn�t act. Normally 2/3 of
the length is choosing for lapping. When lapping top & bottom re-bar, it is better
to follow the following method.Otherwise, it might cause to reduce the concrete
covering thickness of the topmost& bottom most slab reinforcement.

Picture28

Fig 8: Reinforcement for beams

Anchorage (bond) in concrete

Because the actual bond stress varies along the length of a bar anchored in a zone
of tension. The main requirement for safety against bond failure is to provide a
sufficient extension of the length of the bar beyond the point where the steel is
required to develop its yield stress and this length must be at least equal to its
development length. However, if the actual available length is inadequate for full
development, special anchorages must be provided, such as bends, hooks.

E.g- (Anchorage length 45 d (for top bars),12 d (for bottom bars)) where �d�, �ؔ
is diameter of the Bar.

Anchorage length Calculation

E.g.:- 20 mm diameter bar

Picture29

Fig 9: Anchorage length

Bending length = 112.5- (Cover (25 mm)+ Stirrup (10 �))

= 72.5mm

Anchorage length (x) = 45 x diameter of the bar(20 �)

= 827.5 mm

Bar schedule for Beam

Picture6

Picture7

Table 2: Bar Schedule for Beam

Slab Reinforcement
Slab reinforcement is the most important part of the structure. It is important to
have an idea on slab reinforcement detailing. Following basic thing could be
studied in drawing on slab reinforcement detailing.

Distribution bar reinforcement

Small diameter bars, usually at right angles to the main reinforcement, intended to
spread a concentrated load on a slab and to prevent cracking.Standard method used
for indicated the slab top & bottom reinforcement.

Picture30

First step of the fixing of slab reinforcement was placed the bottom most R/F (B1)
of the slab. Before placing the re-bar, correct spacing given in the detailing
drawing were marked by using piece of choke on the slab formwork. After placed the
(B1) R/F then placed the (B2) R/F and bound both R/F layers together by using
binding wire. Then cover blocks for bottom most R/F were fixed. Finally, Top R/F
(T2), Topmost R/F (T1)& distribution bars were placed according to the drawing and
fixed together by using binding wire. Then Stools were fixed to separate the both
top & bottom R/F net as fulfilled the thickness.

DCIM101MEDIA

Fig 10: Reinforcement of a slab

Bar crank

Bar cranking is the process of bending up the bottom steel bars in upward
direction. It is mainly to prevent upward bending moment near the joint. Also
useful for attaching stirrup bar effectively. Cranking is also used in two way
slabs.

Bar schedule for Slab

Picture8

Picture9

Table 3 : Bar schedule for Slab

Bar schedule for some other structures

Bar schedule for Plinth
Picture4

Picture33

Table 4: Bar schedule for Plinth

Bar schedule for Stiffener column, Sill beam and Lintel beam

Picture10

Picture11

Picture31

Table 5: Bar schedule for Stiffener column, Sill beam and Lintel beam

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