Assosa University College of Engineering

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
STREAM: INDUSTRIAL CONTROL ENGINEERING
COURSE PROJECT ON DESING BMI BY USING HEIGHT AND
WEIGHT ON MICROCONTROLLER
SUBMITTED BY:
NO_ NAME ID NO_
1 Yitafer Kasawmar……………………………………….ETR/534/07
2 Gadisa bayisa………………………………………..…..ETR/235/07
3 Lidet Hiylu……………………………………………...ETR/326/07
4 Misgana moges………………………………………….ETR/393/07
5 Gutema Sirna………………………………………….ETR/398/07
6 Hayelom Asimelash …………………………………...ETR/271/07
SUBMISSION DATE APRIL 23, 2018

ASSOSA, ETHIOPIA
DESING BODY MASS INDEX BY USING WEIGHT AND HEIGHT ON MICROCONTROLLER 2018
Abstract
Body Mass Index (BMI) can approximately calculate the total fats of the person present in the
body. It is based on the two variables such as the height and the weight of the person. The most
common way of calculating it is by dividing ones’ mass in kilograms or pounds by the square of
the stature in meters or inches. Present BMI calculators are based on the BMI-for-age chart that
contains the height, the weight, and the age brackets in determining the approximate BMI value
and its classification.
The aim of the project was to design a microcontroller based automated Body Mass Index
(BMI)calculator with LCD display, which calculates the body mass index using the two basic
parameters that are weight and height. The hardware of the project consists of a weighing
mechanism i.e. weighing machine, which is used to calculate the body weight of a person, and a
height sensing mechanism i.e. LDR, which is use to calculate the height of a person. The weight
of the person is calculated in Kilograms and the height in meters in accordance of the BMI
standard formula. The microcontroller based automated Body Mass Index calculator is a useful
device when it comes to controlling your weight and maintaining a healthy life style. The
calculated weight of the person through weighing machine, converts the mechanical force into
electrical signals that can be easily obtain after processing through microcontroller. While the
height of the person is calculated by the LDR, when dark light falls on it the resistance value
decreases and we get high voltage at output. All this data is manipulated through microcontroller
and then the result is displayed on the LCD display.
ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page I

Table of Contents
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... I
List of Table ................................................................................................................................................. IV
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 General Objective: ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Specific Objectives: ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Design Block Diagram ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 8
1.5 Scope and Delimitation ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.1 Scope:............................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.2 Delimitation: .................................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 10
2 REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES .................................................................. 10
2.1 Research Literature ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 BMI Calculation .............................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.2 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts ......................................................................................................... 11
2.1.3 Weight and Height Sensors ............................................................................................................ 13
2.1.4 Microcontroller .............................................................................................................................. 14
2.1.6 Thermal Printer .............................................................................................................................. 15
CHATER THREE....................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DISCRIBITION .................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................................ 29
5.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMONDETION .................................................................................... 29
Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 30
ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page II

List of Figure
Figure 1: Design Block Diagram .................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 2: Flow Chart of the Working Methodology ..................................................................................... 7
figure 2.1: BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for 2-20 years old………………………………………11
figure 2.2 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for Adults……………………………………………...12
figure 2.3 Load Cell………………………………………………………………………..……13
figure 2.4 Ultrasonic sensor…………………………………………………………………..…14
figure 2.5 thermal printer …………………………………………………………………..……16
figure 2.6 IPR-scale06…………………………………………………………………………..18
figure 3.1 pin discretion of arduino………………………………………………19
figure 3.2 block diagram of load cell on Arduino………………………………25
figure 4.1 the load cell measure value is at 50 level and height measure value……………27
figure 4.2 Fig 4.2 show the result of BMI ………………………………………………….28
ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page III

List of Table
Acronym
LCD………………………………………………………...…Liquid Crystal Display
POT…………………………………………………………....potentiometer
BMI ……………………………………………………Body mass index
ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page IV

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
As technology rises, online BMI calculators became available through the internet. This requires
the height and the weight of the user, and some asks for age and gender too. After filling up the
information’s needed, just click the calculate button and then the BMI will be determined. To
find out the BMI classification (underweight, normal, overweight and obese), there is a reference
chart wherein the range of the designated category will be based. Because of this, manual
calculation can now be eliminated.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height
in meters. It is one of the most commonly used ways of estimating whether a person is
overweight and hence more likely to experience health problems than someone with a healthy
weight. It is also used to measure population prevalence of overweight and obesity. It is used
because, for most people, it correlates reasonably well with their level of body fat. It is also a
relatively easy, cheap and non-invasive method for establishing weight status. However, BMI is
only a proxy for body fatness. Other factors such as fitness, ethnic origin and puberty can alter
the relation between BMI and body fatness and must be taken into consideration. Other
measurements such as waist circumference and skin thickness can be collected to indicate a
person’s weight status or body fatness. None of these is as widely used as BMI.
ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 1

1.2 Background of the Study

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may damage
health. Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to
classify the two. The World Health Organization definition is that a BMI greater than or equal to
25 is overweight, and a BMI greater than or equal to 30 is obese.
According to the World Health Organization stated on August 2014 article, worldwide
obesity has nearly doubled since 1980.In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults, 20 and older, were
overweight. Of these, over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese. Sixty
five percent of the world's population living in countries where overweight and obesity kills
more people than underweight. More than 40 million children under the age of 5 were
overweight or obese in 2012.These two are the leading risks for global deaths. Around 3.4
million adults die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. In addition, 44% of the
diabetes burden, 23% of the heart disease burden and between 7% and 41% of certain cancer
burdens are attributable to overweight and obesity.
In the Philippines, a 2011 survey by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
showed that 22.3% of Filipino adults were overweight, and 6.1% were obese. The FNRI-DOST
also stated that the problem of obesity was increasing in an alarming rate in the Philippines
where 7 out of 10 women and 1 out of 10 men were affected. The occurrence of overweight
Filipinos is expected to increase significantly by 2015, which means more health problems
ahead. According to the World Health Organization, obesity kills 2.8 million people worldwide
while in the Philippines, it accounts for 37,000 deaths annually according to FNRI-DOST.
Based on the data gathered by the proponents of the Microcontroller based BMI
calculator with Database and Monitor Display,126 TUPT students as the respondents, female

students have higher percentage of overweight, obese class 1 and underweight; and lower
percentage of normal weight compared to male students. Normal weight percentage for female
students was 61.91% only compared to male students having 77.96%. Overweight percentage for
female was 28.57% while 15.25% for male. Underweight and obese class1 for women was
4.76% while 3.38% only for men.
With those collected informations,it only shows that most people are not conscious about
their health status. Thus,the researchers decided to propose a new version of an automated Body
Mass Index calculator by the aid of a microcontroller. It is designed to help obese, overweight
and underweight persons to monitor the BMI and its classification. This will also benefit the
users to be more aware of possible health diseases that can lead to death because of overweight
and underweight conditions.
Definition of Terms
 Body Mass Index – is used for measuring approximate total fat of a person present in the
body based on their body weight and stature height.
 C++ Language – is a programming language that is used in Arduino. It has object-
oriented feature that makes programming easier.
 Load Cell – is a sensor that detects force (mass or torque).
Load cells are also known as load transducers because they convert a load (force) into
electrical signals.
 Ultrasonic Sensor – is an electronic device that emits an acoustic wave beyond the upper
range of human hearing called the audible range ( 20 hertzto 20 kilohertz), and
determines the distance between the sensor and an object based on the time it takes to
send the signal and receive the echo.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.3.1 General Objective:
 To design and develop a Microcontroller based BMI Calculator.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives:

1. To design a Microcontroller based BMI calculator with notification through buzzer by
means of a microcontroller programmed using C++ language.
2. To create a database that will add, updateand save the data for monitoring purposes.
3. To print the collected data with a recommendation message depending on the BMI
classification using thermal printer.
4. To test and assess the accuracy, reliability and functionality of the device including
every parts and components used.
1.4 Methodology
1.4.1 Design Block Diagram
The block diagram depicts the total blue print of the project. The total essence and the
functioning of the project is represented in a single block diagram. The block diagram
mainly consists of seven parts. They include:
Power supply LCD
LOAD CELL ULTRASONIC SENSOR
HX711 SENSOR Microcontroller

Power
supply
LCD
LOAD
CELL
Microcontr
oller Virtual
termin
HX711 al
ULTRASO
NIC
SENSOR
Figure 1: Design Block Diagram

1.4.2. Flow Chart of Working Methodology

The weight of the person is calculated through the load cell or a digital weighing machine. The
height of the person is calculated by the ultrasound sensor. There is an ultrasounds sensor which
both transmits and receives ultrasounds. First it emits ultrasounds, and when they strike any
object or person in its proximity, they are reflected back after striking it, which is sensed by the
sensor again. The height is actually calculated by multiplying the ‘speed of the

Simulation Check
Idea &
simulatio
Result n
concept
Write soft
Literature & Modificatio
ware
program n
Review
Microcontroller
Block diagram Final Result
Development
Design
Figure 2: Flow Chart of the Working Methodology

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is worth pursuing because of its capability to provide a device as medical equipment.
This will benefit the following:
University Clinic. This study can help the University Clinic by providing a device that can
accurately measure the height and the weight of a student, automatically calculate the BMI of the
user, and easily determine the body status.
Professors. This study can help the Physical Education Professors by providing equipment
that can automatically calculate the BMI of a freshman student during PE1 subject.
Students.This study can help students who are health conscious to monitor their body mass
status.
1.5 Scope and Delimitation

1.5.1 Scope:
1. The weight of the user will be measured through a load cell.
2. The ultrasonic sensor will measure the height of the user.

3. The data from the weighing scale and ultrasonic sensor will be sent to the
microcontroller where the calculation of BMI takes place and the result will be
displayed in the monitor.
4. The calculated data will be stored in the database and can be viewed for monitoring
purposes.
5. All the measurements will be both in Metric and English units.
6. The data stored can be edited or updated.
7. There will be a picture in the program that will show the user’s image.
8. The device is applicable for persons aged 15 years old and above.
9. The result can be printed using thermal printer.
10. The printed data will have a recommendation message based on the BMI
classification.
11. The collected data will be stored in the archive after a year.
1.5.2 Delimitation:
1. The maximum height that the ultrasonic sensor can detect is up to 7 feet or 2.13
meters only.
2. The maximum weight that the load cell can measure is up to 770 pounds or 350
kilograms.
3. The device is not applicable for people who cannot stand alone.

CHAPTER 2
2 REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1 Research Literature
2.1.1 BMI Calculation

Index of Obesity was introduced by a Belgian statistician named Adolph the 19th
century. According to his index, BMI is calculated by dividing the weight of a person in
kilograms by the square of height in meters. Before 1980, physicians were generally using tables
for weight and height estimations and there were different charts for men and women with
incorporated ranges of body weights for height in inches. But these tables were imperfect as it
relied on weight only, not on the body composition.
Currently there is so much advancement in the BMI calculation like the height and weight is
calculated automatically with the help of formula and the data is then automatically fed in the
computer which shows the BMI of the person on the monitor screen or on LCD display.
An alternative way of calculating Body Mass Index (BMI) has been proposed by mathematician
Nick Trefethen, a Professor of Numerical Analysis at Oxford University last January 2013.
Current formula:
Metric: BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) ^ 2
English: BMI = 703 * weight (lb) / height (in) ^ 2
New formula:
Metric: BMI = 1.3* weight (kg) / height (m) ^ 2.5
English: BMI = 5734*weight(lb)/height(in)^2.5

The numbers 1.3 and 5734 are designed to make the BMI reading unchanged for an adult
of average height. The change means that some tall people previously classified as "overweight"
are "normal" under the new proposed formula, and some short people who were "normal" are
now "overweight".
2.1.2 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts

The BMI-for-age charts for boys and girls aged 2 to 20 years are a major addition to the
new CDC Pediatric Growth Charts. The recommended BMI-for-age cut-offs for teens according
to Himes and Dietz (1994) are:
≥ 95th percentile = Overweight
85th to < 95th percentile = Risk of overweight
5th to <85th percentile = Normal
< 5th percentile = Underweight
Overweight rather than obesity is the term preferred for describing children and
adolescents with a BMI-for-age equal to or greater than the 95th percentile of BMI-for-age.The
cut-off for underweight of less than the 5th percentile is based on recommendations bythe World
Health Organization Expert Committee in Physical Status on 1996.
Figure 2.1 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for 2-20 years old

Figure 2.2BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for Adults

For adults, BMI is not age or gender specific and the classification of overweight and
underweight is different as it is for children and adolescents. For adults, overweight and
underweight categories are defined by fixed BMI cut-points. Clinical guidelines established in
1998 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute are as follows:
BMI less than 18.5 = Underweight
BMI of 18.5 through 24.9 = Normal
BMI of 25.0 through 29.9 = Overweight
BMI of 30.0 or greater = Obese
The Philippine Association for the Study of Overweight and Obesity (PASOO) with the
FNRI and other medical societies conducted a national survey to assess the applicability of the
BMI cut-off points for Asians among Filipino adults. With the study, it was determined that the
temporary BMI cut-off for overweight among Filipino men and women is 23 kg/m2, while the
cut-off for obesity is 27 kg/m2.

2.1.3 Weight and Height Sensors

a. Load Cell
Load cell is a sensor that detects force (mass, torque, etc.).When force is applied to a load cell, it
converts the force into an electrical signal. In the dictionary, a load cell is defined as a weight
measurement device necessary for electronic scales that display weights in digits.
Figure 2.3 Load Cell
Load cells are also known as load transducers because they convert a load (force) into
electrical signals. This electrical signal can be a voltage change, current change or frequency
change depending on the type of load cell and circuitry used.
b. Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that emits an acoustic wave beyond the upper range of
human hearing called the audible range ( 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz), and determines the distance
between the sensor and an object based on the time it takes to send the signal and receive the
echo.

Figure 2.4 Ultrasonic sensor
Ultrasonic sensors have many applications including: parking assistance sensors in cars,
proximity alarms, medical ultrasounds, generic distance measurement, etc.
To generate the ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic sensor uses a vibrating device known as a transducer
to emit ultrasonic pulses that travel in a cone-shaped beam. The range of an ultrasonic sensor is
determined by the frequency of vibration of the transducer.
Ultrasonic sensors work best when positioned in front of materials that readily reflect ultrasonic
waves, such as metal, plastic and glass. This enables the sensor to give an accurate reading at a
greater distance from the object in front of it. However, when the sensor is placed in front of an
object that readily absorbs ultrasonic waves, such as fiber material, the sensor must move closer
to the object to give an accurate reading. The angle of the object also has an impact on the
accuracy of the reading, with a flat surface at a right angle to the sensor offering the longest
sensing range. This accuracy decreases with a change in the angle of an object in relation to the
sensor.
2.1.4 Microcontroller
A microcontroller (µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input and output peripherals. It
is an integrated circuit that is programmed to do a specific task and sometimes called as mini
computers. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate
microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to
digitally control even more devices and processes.

a. Arduino Programming
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application
written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and
the Wiring projects. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers
unfamiliar with software development. Arduino programs are written in C or C++. The Arduino
IDE comes with a software library called "Wiring".
b. C++ language
C is a high-level programming language developed in the mid-1970s. C++ is derived
from the C language; it has object-oriented feature which allows the programmer to create
objects within the code. This makes programming easier and more efficient. Because of the
power and flexibility of the language, most software programs today are written in C++. The
main highlight of C++ is a collection of pre-defined classes, which are data types that can be
initiated multiple times.
2.1.6 Thermal Printer

Thermal printing (or direct thermal printing) is a digital printing process which
produces a printed image by selectively heating coated thermo chromic paper,
or thermal paper as it is commonly known, when the paper passes over the
thermal print head. The coating turns black in the areas where it is heated, producing an
image. Two-color direct thermal printers can print both black and an
additional color (often red) by applying heat at two different temperatures.
A thermal impact printer or electro thermal printer is a printer that uses heated pins to
"burn" images onto heat-sensitive paper. These printers are commonly used in
calculators and fax machines; and although they are inexpensive and print relatively
fast, they produce low resolution print jobs.

Figure 2.6 Thermal Printer
This printer is ideal for interfacing with a microcontroller, simply need a 3.3V-5V TTL
serial output from the microcontroller to print text, barcodes, bitmap graphics, even a QR code.
Easy to use with Arduino board, just connect the Serial interface (RX, TX).
A. Microcontroller Based Automated Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculator with LCD
Display
The aim of the project was to design microcontroller based automated Body Mass Index
(BMI)calculator with LCD display, which calculates the body mass index using the two basic
parameters that are weight and height.The hardware of the project consists of a load cell or a
weighing mechanism, which is used to calculate the body weight of a person, and a built in
height calculating mechanism, which is used to calculate the height of a person. The weight of
the person is calculated in kilograms and the height in meters in accordance of the BMI standard
formula.The microcontroller base automated Body Mass Index calculator is a useful device when
it comes to controlling your weight and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The calculated weight of
the person through load cell converts the mechanical force into electrical signals that can beastly
obtain after processing through microcontroller. While the height of the person is calculated by
the ultrasound sensor with built-in transmit and receive circuitry as when it transits the

ultrasound signal by transmitter, it reflect back to the receiver after striking the object or person
and height is then calculated by multiplying the speed of the ultrasound signal and the time taken
by the it to return back to the sensor.All this data is manipulated through microcontroller and
then the result is displayed on the LCD display.
B. Advanced BMI Calculator with under and overweight alerts

This project Technology aims at developing a BMI calculator which major role in
alerting the risk of diseases due to overweight. The proposed system shows the calculated value
through LCD display but also, alerts through buzzer regarding over and under weights.
BMI stands for “Body Mass Index,” a ratio between weight and height. BMI is astandard
“tool” for helping you judge your body weight and the amount of body fat you have. Carrying
excess body fat, not muscle, puts you at greater risk for health problems such as heart disease,
cancer, diabetes and stroke.The controlling device of the whole system is a Microcontroller. The
data from the load cell and ultrasonic sensor are processed to calculate the BMI. The calculated
BMI is displayed on to a LCD. Also, the Microcontroller continuously monitors the BMI value
and judges whether the person is overweight or underweight and alerts through Buzzer.To
perform the above mentioned intelligent task, intelligent program written using embedded “C” is
loaded into it.

C. Ultrasonic Height and Weight BMI machine
Figure 2.7 IPR-scale06

CHATER THREE
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DISCRIBITION
Microcontroller ATmega328 Operating Voltage 5V Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V Input
Voltage (limits) 6-20V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) Analog Input Pins
6 DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA Flash Memory 32 KB of
which 0.5 KB used by boot loader SRAM 2 KB EEPROM 1 KB Clock Speed 16 MHz
Fig 3.1 pin discretion of arduino

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The
power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-
to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-
positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and
Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to
20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and
the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and
damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows: •
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply
voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. •
5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the
board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or
another regulated 5V supply. • 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator.
Maximum current draw is 50 mA. • GND. Ground pins.
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or
receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of
20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions: • Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. TThese pins are connected to the
corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip . • External Interrupts: 2 and 3.
These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a
change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details. • PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11.
Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. • SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12
(MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the
underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language. • LED: 13. There is a
built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the
pin is LOW, it's off. The Uno has 6 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution
(i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible
to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analog Reference() function.
Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality: • I 2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support
I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library. There are a couple of other pins on the board:
• AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog Reference (). • Reset. Bring
this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which
block the one on the board.
Today we are going to Measure the Weight by interfacing Load Cell and HX711 Weight
Sensor with Arduino. We have seen weight machines at many shops, where machine displays
the weight just by placing any item on the weighing platform. So here we are building the
same Weighing machine by using Arduino and Load cells, having capacity of measuring upto
40kg. This limit can be further increased by using the Load cell of higher capacity.

Required Components:
Arduino Uno
Load cell (40kg)
HX711 Load cell Amplifier Module
16x2 LCD and Connecting wires
Breadboard
Load Cell and HX711 Weight Sensor Module:

Load cell is transducer which transforms force or pressure into electrical output.
Magnitude of this electrical output is directly proportion to the force being applied. Load cells
have strain gauge, which deforms when pressure is applied on it. And then strain gauge generates
electrical signal on deformation as its effective resistance changes on deformation. A load cell
usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Load cell comes in
various ranges like 5kg, 10kg, 100kg and more, here we have used Load cell, which can weight
upto 40kg.
Now the electrical signals generated by Load cell is in few millivolts, so they need to be
further amplify by some amplifier and hence HX711 Weighing Sensor comes into
picture. HX711 Weighing Sensor Module has HX711 chip, which is a 24 high precision A/D
converter (Analog to digital converter). HX711 has two analog input channels and we can get
gain up to128 by programming these channels. So HX711 module amplifies the low electric
output of Load cells and then this amplified & digitally converted signal is fed into the
Arduino to derive the weight.
Load cell is connected with HX711 Load cell Amplifier using four wires. These four wires are
Red, Black, White and Green/Blue. There may be slight variation in colors of wires from module
to module. Below the connection details and diagram:
RED Wire is connected to E+
BLACK Wire is connected to E-
WHITE Wire is connected to A-
GREEN Wire is connected to A+

This step is optional and you can directly put the weights on the Load cell without Platform and
can simply clamp it without fixing it with any base, but it’s better to attach a platform for putting
the large things on it and fix it on a Base so that it stand still. So here we need to make a frame
or platform for putting the things for weight measurement. A base is also required to fix the
load cell over it by using nuts and bolts. Here we have used a hard cardboard for the frame for
placing things over it and a wooden board as Base. Now do the connections as shown in the
circuit diagram and you are ready to go.
Circuit Explanation:
Connections for this project are easy and schematic is given below. 16x2 LCD pins RS, EN, d4,
d5, d6, and d7 are connected with pin number 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Arduino respectively.
HX711 Module’s DT and SCK pins are directly connected with Arduino's pin A0 and A1. Load
cell connections with HX711 module are already explained earlier and also shown in the below
circuit diagram.

Fig 3.2 block diagram of load cell on Arduino
Working Explanation:
Working of this Arduino Weight Measurement project is easy. Before going into details, first
we have to calibrate this system for measuring correct weight. When user will power it up then
system will automatically start calibrating. And if user wants to calibrate it manually then press
the push button. We have created a function void calibrate() for calibration purpose, check the
code below.
For calibration, wait for LCD indication for putting 100 gram over the load cell as shown in
below picture. When LCD will show “put 100g” then put the 100g weight over the load cell and
wait. After some seconds calibration process will be finished. After calibration user may put any
weight (max 40kg) over the load cell and can get the value over LCD in grams.

In this project, we have used Arduino to control whole the process. Load cell senses the weight
and supplies a electrical analog voltage to HX711 Load Amplifier Module. HX711 is a 24bit
ADC, which amplifies and digitally converts the Load cell output. Then this amplified value is
fed to the Arduino. Now Arduino calculate the output of HX711 and converts that into the
weight values in grams and show it on LCD. A push button is used for calibrating the system.
We have written a Arduino program for whole process, check the Code and demo Video at the
end of this tutorial.

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULT AND SIMULATION
First we will see the result of simulation on the measurements value of weight and weight due to
the Ultrasonic sensor it can measure the height of somebody and load cell can measure the mass
of the body during this we can calculate BMI from those formula
BMI =weight /(height )^2
Fig 4.1 the load cell measure value is at 50 level and height measure value

After calculation of weight and height LCD display BMI during the formula show at this
condition BMI is something then the controller decide the mesure value of somebody is
overweight, underweight or normal condition
Fig 4.2 show the result of BMI

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMONDETION
CONCLUSION
We can conclude from our project study, how important BMI as a statistical tool is, to calculate
the Health Risk of different diseases. The theoretical study, which we did in the start of our
project, tells us the significance of BMI as a heath indicator. By designing the different aspects
of our Automatic Body Mass Index Calculator, we discovered the application of the electronic
principles that we learned in our course work. We also learned a great deal about application of
Mechanical principles that are so vital to any type of engineering application. We readily
improved our skills in Micro-controller, and ascertain the wide array of applications of Micro-
Controller. By compiling this report, we learned the importance of preserving the information in
black & white. It helped us throughout, in our different stages of project implementation, by
being a constant guide in difficult times. Last but not the least, we discovered the importance of
team work, and how straightforward the journeys becomes when people collaborate with each
other, and help each other in difficult times.
RECOMMONDETION
This project titled ‘Measurement of Body Mass Index’ is statistical tool is, to calculate the Health
Risk of different diseases. The theoretical study, which was done in the start of project, tells
about the significance of BMI as a health indicator. With respect to theoretical study various
papers were refereed and their approach towards calculating the body mass index and taking into
account their disadvantages an efficient solution for measuring BMI is brought out.

Reference
[1]CDC Pediatric Growth Charts. Using the BMI-for-Age Growth Charts Retrieved
(October 2014)
[2](Orlistat) Xenical Philippines (2014). BMI For Filipinos Retrieved (October 2014)
[3]Nutritionist-Dietitians' Association of the Philippines (2014). Healthier You
Facts: OBESITY Retrieved (October 2014) from http://www.ndap.org.ph/obesity
[4]Load Cells - Loadstar Sensors (2014) Load Cell Retrieved (October 2014)
[5] Alibaba (2014) most popular IPR-scale06 ultrasonic height weight BMI machine
(October 2014) from http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/most-popular-IPR-scale06-
ultrasonic-height_478736894.html

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ASSOSA UNIVERSITY

SUBMISSION DATE APRIL 23, 2018

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page I

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page II

figure 2.2 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for Adults……………………………………………...12

figure 2.3 Load Cell………………………………………………………………………..……13

figure 2.4 Ultrasonic sensor…………………………………………………………………..…14

figure 2.5 thermal printer …………………………………………………………………..……16

figure 2.6 IPR-scale06…………………………………………………………………………..18

figure 3.1 pin discretion of arduino………………………………………………19

figure 3.2 block diagram of load cell on Arduino………………………………25

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page III

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page IV

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 1

1.2 Background of the Study

burdens are attributable to overweight and obesity.

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 2

4.76% while 3.38% only for men.

and underweight conditions.

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 3

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.3.2 Specific Objectives:

Power supply LCD

LOAD CELL ULTRASONIC SENSOR

HX711 SENSOR Microcontroller

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 4

Figure 1: Design Block Diagram

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 5

1.4.2. Flow Chart of Working Methodology

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 6

Figure 2: Flow Chart of the Working Methodology

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 7

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 8

displayed in the monitor.

5. All the measurements will be both in Metric and English units.

6. The data stored can be edited or updated.

9. The result can be printed using thermal printer.

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 9

2.1 Research Literature

2.1.1 BMI Calculation

English: BMI = 703 * weight (lb) / height (in) ^ 2

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 10

2.1.2 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts

Figure 2.1 BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for 2-20 years old

Figure 2.2BMI-for-Age Growth Charts for Adults

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 12

2.1.3 Weight and Height Sensors

Figure 2.3 Load Cell

change depending on the type of load cell and circuitry used.

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 13

Figure 2.4 Ultrasonic sensor

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 14

2.1.6 Thermal Printer

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 15

Figure 2.6 Thermal Printer

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 16

then the result is displayed on the LCD display.

B. Advanced BMI Calculator with under and overweight alerts

loaded into it.

ASSOSA UNIVERSITY DEP’T OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING Page 17

C. Ultrasonic Height and Weight BMI machine