Profile & Concentricity

(the Y14.5 kind)

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 Applied Geometrics, Inc.
Mission Statement

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train manufacturing industry’s personnel
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by utilizing a standardized, concise,
internationally accepted language of
engineering expression.

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 Profile d k
(Surface and Line)
• Definition: Profile tolerancing is a method used to specify a
uniform amount of variation of a surface or line elements of a
surface.
• Tolerance Zone: Profile tolerance specifies a tolerance zone
confined by two equidistant profiles within which the entire
surface must lie.

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Profile d k
(Surface and Line)
SYMBOL MEANING

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Profile d k
(Surface and Line)

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 Profile of a Surface
Unequally & Unilateral
Disposed Tolerance Zones
• For an unequally disposed profile
tolerance zone a basic dimension is
added to illustrate the tolerance zone
distribution.
• For a unilateral disposed profile
tolerance zone a single phantom curve is
shown either inside or outside of the
material.

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 Unilateral Profile
Alternate (Still allowed) Practice From 1994

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Unilateral Profile 2009

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 Unequally Disposed Profile
Alternate (Still allowed) Practice From 1994

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Unequally Disposed Profile 2009

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 Profile Between Two Points

• A Symbol ( # ) is used to indicate a tolerance applies to

a limited segment of a surface between designated extremes.

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Profile Non-Uniform Transition

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Default Transition Creates a Step

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Smooth Transition Definition

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Transition Needs To Be Defined

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Profile Non-Uniform Zone

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Profile All Over

The term “ALL OVER” is allowed.

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Profile All Over

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Profile Can Control
Co-planarity

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Profile Can Control
Co-planarity

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Profile Can Control
Co-planarity

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Profile Can Control
Co-planarity

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Profile Can Control
Co-planarity

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Datum Axis Definition
One Diameter of Sufficient Length

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Datum Axis Definition
One “Short” Diameter with a
Planar Datum Feature

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 Datum Axis Definition
Two (or More) “Short” Diameters
Sufficiently Separated

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Coaxial Control – One wrong way…

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Coaxial Control – One wrong way…

Datum Feature B Fails Position Requirement

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Coaxial Control – Another wrong way…

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Coaxial Control – Another wrong way…

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Coaxial Control

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Coaxial Control

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Coaxial Control

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 Runout (Circular and Total)
• Definition: The composite deviation from the
desired form of a part surface of revolution
during full rotation (360 deg.) of the part on a
datum axis.
• Tolerance Zone: A total width zone bounded by
two boundaries of revolution within which:
– Circular Runout: all points of each circular element
(cross-section) of the considered feature must lie
regardless of the size of the considered feature.
– Total Runout: all points of the entire surface of the
considered feature must lie regardless of the size of
the considered feature.

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 Runout (Circular and Total)
Tolerance Value

• Runout tolerance states how far an

actual surface is permitted to deviate
from the desired form implied by the
drawing during full rotation (360 deg.) of
the part on a datum axis.

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Circular Runout
SYMBOL MEANING

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Circular Runout

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 Circular Runout
Composite Controls
CIRCULARITY
COAXIALITY
Position & Concentricity
DML STRAIGHTNESS

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 Circular Runout
Tapered, Contoured, & Perpendicular Surfaces
Typical for Controlling Wobble
Only controls elements not overall shape

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 Circular Runout
Tapered, Contoured, & Perpendicular Surfaces

Gages Must Be Perpendicular to the Nominal Surfaces

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Total Runout
SYMBOL MEANING

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Total Runout

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 Total Runout
Composite Controls
CYLINDRICITY
COAXIALITY
Position & Concentricity
DML STRAIGHTNESS
SURFACE STRAIGHTNESS
(Cylindricity for Nominally
Cylindrical Features)

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 Total Runout
Tapered & Perpendicular Surfaces
Also Controls Wobble
Also Controls Shape

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 Total Runout
Tapered & Perpendicular Surfaces
Taper, Angularity, Concentricity Perpendicularity

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 Concentricity r

• Definition: Concentricity is the condition

where the median points of all
diametrically opposed elements of all
individual cross-sections of a figure of
revolution are congruent with the axis
of a datum feature.

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Concentricity r

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 Concentricity r
Tolerance Zone:

• A concentricity tolerance zone is a

cylindrical (or spherical) tolerance
zone within which the median
points of the considered feature
must lie relative to the datum axis
(or datum point).

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Concentricity r
SYMBOL MEANING

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 Concentricity r
A

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Concentricity r

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 Concentricity r

ƒUsually when a designer calls out

concentricity the true design
requirements are:
ƒ Position j
ƒ Circular Runout h
ƒ Total Runout t

Applied Geometrics, Inc © 2011 Page 53

 Symmetry i
• Definition: Symmetry is the condition where
the median point of all the opposed
elements of the considered feature are
congruent with the center plane of the
datum feature.
• Tolerance Zone: Symmetry tolerance zone is
a total width tolerance zone within which
the median points of the considered feature
must lie.

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Symmetry i
SYMBOL MEANING

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Symmetry i

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Symmetry i
LIKE
CONCENTRICTY
A DIFFICULT
REQUIREMENT TO
INSPECT

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Symmetry? i
Or Position? j

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 How Do I Deal with the Profile and
Concentricity in Calypso??

„ Come to Ryan Stauffer’s Presentation!! ;-)

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 Contact Info:

„ Mark E. Foster, President

Applied Geometrics, Inc.
(708) 867-5927 (Corporate HQ)
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MarkFoster@GDandT.com
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