Reasoning & Aptitude

Theory and Problems Explanations 

gate PSUs
2016
Also useful for

• UPSC (CSAT) • SSC • Railways

• MBA Entrance • Bank (PO) • Infosys
• Wipro • TCS • HCL etc....

by
Nem Singh, IRS

Publications
 Publications

MADE EASY Publications

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Reasoning & Aptitude for GATE • PSUs

Copyright © 2015, by MADE EASY Publications.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo-
copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above mentioned
publisher of this book.

1st Edition : 2008

2nd Edition : 2009
3rd Edition : 2010
4th Edition : 2011
5th Edition : 2011
6th Edition : 2012
7th Edition : 2013
8th Edition : 2014

9th Edition : 2015

ISBN: 978-93-83643-80-6

Made easy Publications has taken due care in collecting the data and providing the solutions, before
publishing this book. Inspite of this, if any inaccuracy or printing error occurs then Made Easy Publications
owes no responsibility. We will be grateful if you could point out any such error. Your suggestions will be appreciated.
iv
 Preface

I have immense pleasure in placing the sixth edition of “Reasoning & Aptitude” before the
aspirants of Competitive Examinations. The book has been written to meet the growing
requirements of candidates appearing for UPSC, SSC, Public Sector Examinations,
Bank (PO), MBA Entrance Exams, Railways and Campus Placements of Software Companies
etc.

The comprehensive volume would enable the readers to acquire complete and detailed
understanding of “Reasoning & Aptitude”. It covers all dimensions of Arithmetic,
Algebra, Geometry, Reasoning and Data Interpretation. My first-hand experience
of coaching the students has been a great source of inspiration and has helped me
immensely in writing this book. Preparation for Civil Services Examination taking
Mathematics as optional subject also helped me sharpen the ideas and arguments
developed here.

I am grateful to my parents and family members, who have been showering their
blessings from the very beginning. I offer my deep sense of gratitude to my Teachers,
Principals of Navodaya Vidyalayas and Professors of NIT Raipur for their blessings
and guidance. I would like to acknowledge the encouragement and useful guidance
provided by my colleagues and seniors serving in IAS, IFS, IPS and IRS etc. My publisher
Mrs. & Mr. B. Singh have been a constant source of support and encouragement. My
special thanks to the entire MADE EASY team for bringing out the book at the earliest
in the hands of readers.

Suggestions and constructive comments from the readers for the improvement of the
book are welcome.

Nem Singh
(Indian Revenue Service)

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 Contents
Sl. Units Pages

Section 1 : Arithmetic
1.1 Number System.......................................................................................................... 1-16
1.2 Average.................................................................................................................... 17-27
1.3 Ratio & Proportion..................................................................................................... 28-39
1.4 Percentage............................................................................................................... 40-57
1.5 Profit and Loss.......................................................................................................... 58-71
1.6 Simple Interest & Compound Interest....................................................................... 72-85
1.7 Time & Work............................................................................................................ 86-103
1.8 Time, Speed & Distance....................................................................................... 104-124

Section 2 : Algebra & Geometry

2.1 Surds, Indices & Logarithms................................................................................. 126-134

2.2 Progression........................................................................................................... 135-147
2.3 Permutations & Combinations............................................................................... 148-160
2.4 Probability............................................................................................................. 161-175
2.5 Geometry.............................................................................................................. 176-213

Section 3 : Reasoning & Data Interpretation

3.1 Blood Relationship................................................................................................ 216-219

3.2 Coding & Decoding.............................................................................................. 220-223
3.3 Cubes and Dices.................................................................................................. 224-229
3.4 Direction Sense Test............................................................................................. 230-238
3.5 Graph................................................................................................................... 239-243
3.6 Table..................................................................................................................... 244-247
3.7 Bar Diagrams........................................................................................................ 248-258
3.8 Pie-chart............................................................................................................... 259-268
3.9 Miscellaneous Puzzles.......................................................................................... 269-278
3.10 Logical Venn Diagram.......................................................................................... 279-284
3.11 Analytical Reasoning............................................................................................ 285-294
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 Section

Arithmetic