PG-I (DE)2010 'M.A./M.Sc. - (DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS First PAPER Unit -I Time : Two Hours Full Marks- 45 Answer all from Section- A, three from Section - B and one from Section - C Section - A 1. Prove that no group of order 40 is simple. 3 2. Show that the subnormal series 2D 42> 12252425 12025 {0} and 2D 22D 8232425 1202 D {0} are equivalent. 3 3. Letf:G> G'bea homomorphism of groups. Prove that kerf= {c} ifff is injective. 3 Section - B 4. State and prove Cayley-Hamilton’s theorem. 6 5. Let G be a nilpotent group. Prove that there exists a non-negative intéger m such that G = Z,(G). 6 1 PLO:6. Prove that ifG isa solvable group, then every subgroup of G is solvable. 6 7. Let G be a group of order 30. Show that G is not simple. : 6 8. Let f: G-> G' be an isomorphism of groups. Prove the following : | (i) f!: G'> Gis an isomorphism (ii) WaeG, 0 (a)=0(f(a)). ° (iii) G is cyclic iff G! is cyclic. 6 9. IfGisa finite commutative group of order m such that iis divisible by a prime p, then prove that G contains an element of order p. 6 Section - C 10. (a) Let fbe a homomorphism of a group G onto a group G*, H bea normal subgroup of G such that HD kerf, and g,z' be the natural homomorphisms of G onto G/H and G* onto G*/f(H) respectively. Then prove that there exists a unique isomorphism h of G/H onto G* /f(H) such that g'o f= hog. 9 (b) State and prove first isomorphism theorem. 6 (c) Let f: G-» G' be a homomorphism. Prove that f(@)=[Aar'! Vaec. 311. (a) Let Vand Wbe finite dimensional vector spaces over the field K such that dimV = dimW. If T is a linear transformation from V into W, prove that the following are equivalent : (i) Tis invertible ii) Tis non-singular (iii) Tis onto. 6 (b) Prove that the following are equivalent : (i) Vis an eigen value of T. (ii) Z— Tisa singular linear transformation of V (iii) det (A J-T)=0. 6 (c) Let R be an integral domain and let M be a free R- module of rank n <<, Prove that any m+1 elements of M are R-linearly dependent; i.e. for any ,, ),, -.-..¥_ 4, €¥ there are elements 1157p Fg €R, not all zero, such that TY FV to tT Ine O 6 SN 3 455PG-I (DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - (DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS First Paper Unit -I Time : Two Hours Full Marks- 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks Section - A Answer any three questions. 1. Define an Euclidean domain. Verify whether Zli] = {a+ ib| a,b €Z} is an Euclidean domain. 2+4=6 2. What do you mean by a ring embedding ? Show that every integral domain is embedded in a field. 1+5=6 3. InaPIDR, anonzero nonunit element p is irreducible if and only if p is prime. 6 4. Define an algebraic extension of the field F over the field K. If F, L, K be three fields such that F is finite over Z, and L is finite over K, then show that F is finite over K. Moreover [F: K]=[F: 2] (L: K]. 1+5=6 1 P.T.O.5. Let A be an nxn matrix over a field F. What do you mean by the Smith normal form of A ? Describe briefly how will you convert an nxn matrix to rational canonical form. 2+4=6 6. What do you mean by a maximal ideal ofa ring ? Give an example. Let R be a commutative ring with 1 #0, then every maximal ideal of R is prime. 1+1+4=6 Section - B Answer any one question. 7. (a) Let R be a ring and f, g € R[x] be a nonzero polynomial. Then (i) f+ g#0 => deg (f+ g) < max (deg f, deg g) (ii) fg = 0 => deg (fg) < deg f+ deg g, where the equality holds if R has no zero divisor. (iii)If the leading co-efficient of f or g is not a divisor of zero in R and fg # 0, then deg (fg) = deg f+ deg g. 34+4+2=9 (b) LetF/Kbea field extension and weF. Prove that u is algebraic over K if and only if u is a root of some unique irreducible monic polynomial p(x) €X[x]- 9 8. (a) IfDisaunique factorization domain, then D[x] is also a unique factorization domain. 9(b) Define a perfect field. Show that every field of characteristic zero is a perfect field. Again show that a field K of characteristic p(# 0) is a perfect field if and only if every polynomial (x? — a) has a root in K for every acK. 1+2+6=9 Section- C Answer all questions. 9. Find all prime and maximal ideals in the ring Z,. 3 10. Construct a field with 9 elements. 3 11. Show that Golois group of polynomial J (x) = 2x5 -10x + 5 over @ is S,. 3 SN 3 455PG-I (DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - I(DE) EXaMINATION, 2010 MATHEMATICS SECOND PAPER Unit -I Time : Two Hours : Full Marks- 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks Answer one from Section- A, three from Section - B and all from Section - C Section - A 1. (a) If UP,f£0)-L(P,f, a) > « for the partition PH a=Xj B, then [fac fav. : 5 A B (c) Let « be of bounded variation on [a,b] and assume that > J, (x) = f(x), uniformly on [a,b], where each J, is a real-valued function such that f,e R(a) on [a,6]. Prove that (i) f € R (a) on [a, b] a) [S Koay => ['feoaan, n=l n=l uniformly on [a, 5]. 8 Section - B 3.. Let E be a given set of real numbers. Prove 'that the following statements are equivalent. (i) Eis measurable. (ii) Given ¢> 0 there is a closed set F c Esuch that m* (E-F) <«. (iii) There is an F, set F with F c E such that m*(E-F) = 0. 6 24. State and prove Jordan decomposition theorem for a function f of bounded variation on [a,b]. 6 5. Let f: [a,b) IR* be a vector-valued function and SER (a), fER(G). Prove that [ ‘f(a, +ka,) = if fide, + i ‘fda, wherekeR:k>0. 6 6. LetfeZ’(a,b) with aand b finite and p>1 and lete>0. Show that there exists a continuous function f! such that [irr dece. 6 7. Given a measure space (X, S, 1) and let DeS. If (f,} is a Cauchy sequence w.r. to convergence in measure 1: on D show that there exists a S-measurable real-valued function fon D such that f,—+ sf on D. 6 8. Let #4, : [a,b] R for KEN. Suppose that each f, is Riemann integrable and that {/,} converges to funiformly on [a,b]. Prove that f is Riemann-integrable on [a,b] and 6 k a [A [ir 3 P.T.O.Section - C 9. Prove that A={Fc(0,1): For(0,1)\F is a finite or empty set} is an algebra. 3 10. Let {f,} bea sequence of measurable functions defined on same measurable set. Show that inf f, is measurable. 3 11. Prove that every open set is an F, and every closed set isa G,. 3 SN 4 455PG-I (DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - IDE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS SECOND PAPER Unit -I Time : Two Hours Full Marks- 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks Answer one question from Section- A, three from Section - B and all from Section - C. Section - A 1. (a) Letf: R”—> R" be a function that f: R" > R be the ith component function of f(i = 1, 2, ..., m). Let a € R” has a nbd contained in R”. Then we have the following : If fis differentiable iff each component is differentiable ata. 10 (b) Let A be open in R", let fra — R" be of class ee. If Df(a) is non-singular, then show that there exists an a > 0 such that the inequality lA) -fx,) | 2a [xy7%, | holds for all Xp Xp in some open cube C (a, €) centered at a. 8 2. State and prove Stokes’ Theorem. 18 1 P.T.O.Section - B 3. Define wedge product and prove that (wAn) = ci” (nAw),.where w is a & form and 7 an / form. 6 4. Let f: R" > R" If fis differentiable at x, then show that all the directional derivatives exist and Df (xu), (the directional derivative of fat x in the direction of the vector u) = Dftx).u. Show that the converse is not true. 2+4 5. Find the critical point, relative extremum and saddle point of the function f(x, y) = x(Qv+1)- xy. 6 6. Let Qbearectangle ink" and, g:O—Rbe integrable functions such that f(x) s g(x) for x € QO. Show that \,fs Joe 6 7. Letg: R’ > R’ be defined by g(x,y) = (2ye", xe’) and f R’> R’ be defined by f(x,y) = (3x—y", 2x +y,xy +), find At : D(fg_ (2,0). 6 8. Let f: R’ > R be defined by F(%y) =39@" -Y WO" +’), (Oy) # (0, 0) =0 (x, ¥) = (0, 0) Then show that fis a function of class ClonR’. 6Section - C 9, Prove that the intersection of any collection of convex sets is a convex set. a 10. Iff: R > R satisfies f'(a) ¥ 0 for all a € R, show that J is one-one. 3 11. Let f: R" > R". If f is a linear mapping, then show that fis differentiable for all x € R". 3 SN 3 455PG-I (DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - I(DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS Tuirp Parer Unit -I Time : Two Hours Full Marks- 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Section - A Attempt one question. 1. State and prove Urysohn’s lemma. 18 2. (a) State Kuratowskiclosure axioms. Describe how you can construct a topology using it. (b) Show that every second countable space is a Lindeloff space and converse is not true. 10+8 Section - B Answer any three questions. 3x6=18 3. When is a topological space said to be connected ? If X is a connected space show that any continuous mapping Jf: X— {0,1} must be a constant mapping. 1 : PT.Oz4. State and prove Schroeder- Bernstein theorem. 5. If (X,T) is a topological space and A, B Cc X then show that Gi). Int(4)cInt (B)eHACB (ii) Int (ANB) = Int (4) N Int (B) (ii) Int (AUB) > Int (A) U Int(B) 6. Show that the usual topological space (R,U) is a te space. Prove that. 7. Prove that (X, 7) is normal iff for any closed set F and open set G containing F, there exists an open set V : FCVCVcG 8. Show that intersection of infinite closed sets is closed set but intersection of infinite open sets need not be open. Give an example. Section - C 9. (a) Define base and sub-base of a topological space. Give one example for each. 3 (b) | Give an example of regular space which is nota T, - space (proof to be given). 3 (c) Prove that a mapping fof (X, t) onto (Y, t’)isa homeomorphism if and only iff. is a homeomorphism of (Y, t’) onto (X, 1). 3 SN 2 455PG-I(DE)2010 M.A./M.Se. - (DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS Tuirp PAPER Unit - IT Time : Two Hours Full Marks: 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer all from Group - A, three from Group - B and one from Group - C Grovup-A 1. Let X be an infinite set and 7 be the co-finite topology on X. Show that (X,7) is connected. 3 2. What are the components and path component of R,? Which type of functions from R into R, are continuous ? 2+] 3. Show that Q — the set of rational numbers considered as a subspace of R-the set of real numbers with usual topology is not locally compact. 3 1 BLO.Group - B 4. Show that every paracompact Hausdorff space is normal. 6 5. Let { X,,AEn} bea family of connected spaces such that, X,# dthen y X, is also connected. 6 Men” * xn € en_* 6. Show that continuous image of a compact space is compact. Is it true that continuous image of a locally compact space is locally compact ? 6 7. Show that the product of regular space is regular. 6 ' 8. IfA isa proper subset of Yand B is a proper subset of ¥ then show that YxY—A x B is connected, if XY and Y are both connected. ‘ 6 9. Show that a topological space XY is Hausdorff if and only if each filter on X converges to at most one point. 6 Group - C 10. (a) Let fand g be two paths in a topological space X, f from xq to x, and g from x, to x,. Then we define (f*g) by (fg) (S)=[ f(2S) for Se [0, 3] g (2S-1) for Se [ 3,1] This operation on paths induces a well-defined operation o on path-homotopy classes defined by the equation [flo lg]1=[f* g]. Show that (i) If[f]o([g]o[#])is defined then so is ([f]0[g])o[/], and they are equal.(ii) Given xeX, let e, denote the constant path e,:[ 0,1 ] > X carrying all of / to the point x. If fis a path in X from x, to x,, then show that [f] 0 le,] = [f] and le, lolf]=(f]. (iii) Given the path fin X from x, to x,, let# be the path defined by F(S)=f(1—S ).Then show that [f]o [7] =[e, ]and[f Jo[f]=Le, ]. 4+4+4 0 (b) A space X is metrizable if and only if it is a paracompact Hausdorff space that is locally metrizable. 6 11. (a) Show that ifX and Y both are compact spaces then their topological product is also compact. 6 (b) Define one-point compactification of a locally compact Hausdorff space X. Let XY be a locally compact Hausdorff space which is not compact ; let Y be the one-point compactification of X. Then Y is a compact Hausdorff space ; XY is a subspace of Y: the set Y- X consists of a single point, and X= Y. 12 SN 3 455PG-I(DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - (DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS FourtH PAPER Unit -1 Time : Two Hours Full Marks ; 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer all from Section - A, three from Section- B and one from Section - C Notations have their usual meanings. Section - A Answer all the questions. -1. Let f= + iv be analytic in a domain D. Show that f is constant in D if f' (z) = 0 in D. 3 2. Find the radius of convergence sty z 3 nv 3. Expand e* in a neighbourhood of z = 0. 3 1 P.T.O.Section - B Answer any three questions. 4. Prove that cross-ratio remains invariant under bilinear transformation. 6 x (xtiy) x? +y4 =0 gz=d 5. Show that f(z)= 520. satisfies Cauchy-Riemann equations at the origin but the function is not differentiable there. 6 6. State and prove Fundamental theorem of Classical Algebra. 6 7. Prove that the function f has a pole of multiplicity m at a if and only if in some deleted neighbourhood of a, fcan be expressed as f(z) = _9@) _ ; Where @ is analytic at a : (z-a)” and (a) #0. 6 1 . 1 8. Show that cosh (+1)-a+Sa, (>t) n=) See where a, “ob cosn@cosh(2 cos@)dé6. 6 -9. "Prove that the zeros ofan analytic function are isolated points. 6SECTION - C Answer any one question. 10. (a) A necessary condition that the function f(z)= u(x, y) + iv(x, y) may be differentiable at the pooint T= &+ in such that w, (&,7 )= vw Gn); u, (7 )=—v, (6,7 ) — Prove this. 6 (b) Find the function v (x,y) for which f (z)= u (x, y) + iv (x, y) is analytic where wu (x, y) = 2x (I-y). 4 (c) Expand f(z)= aes valid for 1<|z| <3. 4 in Laurent’s series (d) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points z = 0, i, 0 into points w = 0, 7, 0 respectively. 4 11. (a) Prove that all the roots of the equation z? $23 +12 =0 lie in 1<|z| <2. 6 (b) Show that J; SB de =F (when m>0). 8 (c) Prove that iff has an essential singularity at a, then 1/falso has an essential singularity at a. 4 SN 3 455PG-I(DE)2010 M.A./M.Se. - I((DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS Fourtu PAPER Unit - IT Time : Two Hours Full Marks : 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer ail from Section - A, three from Section - B and one from Section - C. Notations have their usual meanings. Section - A Answer all the questions. 1. Prove that an absolutely convergent infinite product is convergent. 3 2. Show that v (x,y) =—2xy is a harmonic conjugate of u(x,y)=P-xX. 3 3. Prove that a rational function has no singularity other than poles. 3 1 BIO.Section - B Answer any three questions. 4. (a) Define convex function. 2 (b) Show that log M (r) is an increasing convex function of log r. 4 5. ‘Discuss the convergence of IT t-2) en in any compact set D ine — {+ 1, +2, ..:. }. 6 ‘ 6. (a) Give an example of an infinite product. 1 (b) Give an example of an infinite series. 1 © (c) Show that an infinite product [[u, is conver- 1 gentif lim u,=1. 2 no Show that this condition is not sufficient. 2 7. When|z| is the unit circle. Section - C Answer any one question. 10, (a) Define order of an entire function. 2 (b) Show that the order of a polynomial is zero. 5 & (c) Show that [1 +5455] =2. (d) Let C,, denote the square with sides x = +(n+3)a, y = +(n+3)x. Show that cot z is uniformly bounded on . al 1 C,w n. Hence show that cot z=—~+ 2z x pe 7 11. State and prove Dirichlet problem for a disc related to harmonic functions. Hence show that the Dirichlet problem for a disc has a unique solution. 18 SN 3 455PG-I(DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - (DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS Firti Parer Unit -I Time : Two Hours Full Marks: 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Unless otherwise stated, notations carry their usual meanings. Section - A Answer any three questions : 6x3=18 1. Define differentiable manifold. Prove that the terms T"=S'xS'x.....xS'(n times) is ann dimensional differentiable manifold. : 244 2. Prove that dim T*M= n, where n is the dimension of the manifold M. 6 3. Prove that if X is a smooth vector field on a smooth compact manifold M, then X determines a one-parameter group of transformations on M. 6 4. Ifa Lie group has dimension m, then prove that its Lie algebra is also of dimension 7. 6 1 PLO;5. Iffisa smooth function on a smooth manifold M, then prove that (i) d2f=0 and(ii) d(fg) =fdg + gdffor any geC’(M). 4+2 6. Define Lie bracket. If XY and Y generate the local one- parameter group of local transformations ¢g, and y, respectively, then show that [X, Y]= 0 ifand only if ¢,0 y, =, 0 , for every sand t. ; 145 Section - B Answer any one question. 7. (a) If dimension of V is n and r> n, then prove that A’(V*) is the zero space. 5 (b) If ¢ : G > G is the diffeomorphism of the Lie group G defined by 9 (a) =a7!, aeG, then prove that @ is a left invariant form iff >*o is right-invariant. 5 (c) Find the general expression of YeX(R) in the following cases : @ [4.x] =Xand [gy XI =X. (ii) [2-+38>,.X1=X. 4+4 8. (a) Prove that the function f:R? + R? defined by F(x, y) = (x ety, x e” -y) is a C” diffeomorphism. 4 (b) Show that the tangent bundle 7(M) and the tensor bundle T ‘ are the associated bundle of L(M). 5(c) If is a 1-form on a smooth manifold M of dimension n, then show that dw(X,Y) = $ (X@(Y) — Yo(X) - o([ X, ¥])) for any X, Yex(M); do is a 2-form on M. Section - C Answer all questions. 9. Compute the exterior product (6 du!.A du? + 27 dulA du) A (du! +:du? + du3). / 3 10. Prove that the map 9: R* x R > R defined by 6(a, x) = ax is a smooth action of R*on R. Is it free ? 2+1 11. If Xis a tangent vector, then show that XC = 0, where C is a constant function. 3 SN 3 455PG-I (DE)2010 M.A./M.Sc. - I(DE) Examination, 2010 MATHEMATICS Firtu PaPer Unit -II Time : Two Hours Full Marks- 45 The figures in the margin indicate full marks Unless otherwise stated, notations carry their usual meanings. Section - A (Answer any Three question) 6x3=18 1. Define Nijenhuis tensor. Prove that is an almost complex manifold ifa vector field Vis strictly almost analytic, then for all vector field X, N(V, X) = 0. 1+5 2. State and prove 2nd Bianchi identity. 6 3. Define Ricci tensor of a Riemannian manifold Mwith respect to the Riemannian connection and prove that it is symmectric. 1+5 4. Let V be the Riemannian connection on Mwith respect to the Rismannian metric g. We define another connection Don M by DY = VY + n(Y) X for all X,Y € x(M), where m isa | - form on M. Find a simplified expression for D,Y — DX — [X,¥). 6 1 P.T.O,5. Prove that there exists a Riemannian metric on any n-dimensional smooth manifold M. 6 6. Define an affine connection on a differentiable “manifold M and express it in terms of local coordinates. Let V beanaffine connection on Mand f: M— Misa diffeomorphism on ©. Can you define another affine connection on M with the help of V and f? 2+24+2 Section - B Answer any one question 18x1=18 7. (a) What do you mean by a Riemannian manifold ? Discuss with an example. 2+2 (b) Define torsion tensor field and curvature tensor field of a Riemannian manifold. 242 (c) State and prove the fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry. 248 8. (a) . Justify or rectify : Every Riemannian metric on a manifold M induces a Riemannian metric on any of its submanifold NV. 9 (b) Deduce Gauss and Weingarten formulae. 9Section - C Answer all questions 3x3=9 9. (a) Let F, and F, are two almost complex structures on a manifold M. These two structures are connected by MFO) = FOX) = 200) WX e x (M). If Z is an eigen vector of F,, prove that 42 is an eigenvector of F. 1 corresponding to the same eigen value. 3 10. Define conharmonic and concircular curvature tensors of a Riemannian manifold. 3 11. Prove that for all X, ¥, Z< %(M), © "R(X X,Y, 2=0. 3 SN 3 455