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Page 1
Cambridge IELTS 9
Authentic examination
papers from
Cambridge ESOL
file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm 1/120

9781107615502p001-
176.
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201212:
09
Page 2
CAMBRIDGE UNI
VERSI
TYPRESS
Cambridge ,Ne
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Cambridge Uni
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www.
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©Cambridge Uni
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9781107615502p001-
176.
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201212:
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Page 3
Con
ten
ts
I
ntr
oduc
ti
on4
Te
st110
Te
st233
Te
st356
Te
st479
Ge
ner
alTr
ain
ing:Re
adi
nga
ndWr
it
ingTe
stA104
Ge
ner
alTr
ain
ing:Re
adi
nga
ndWr
it
ingTe
stB118
Ta
pes
cri
pt
s131
Li
st
eni
nga
ndRe
adi
ngAns
werKe
ys152
Mode
lands
ampl
ean
swe
rsf
orWr
it
ingt
ask
s162
Sa
mpl
eans
wers
hee
ts17
5
Acknowl
edge
ment
s176

9781107615502p001-
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201212:
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Page 4
I
ntr
oduc
ti
on
TheInter
nat
ionalEngl
is
hLa nguageTe st
ingSystem(IELTS)i swide
lyrecogni
s e
da s
arel
iab
lemeansofa ss
essi
ngt helan
gu a
gea bi
li
tyofcandi
d a
teswh oneedtost
u dy
orworkwhe reEngli
shist
hel anguageofc ommu ni
cat
ion.ThesePrac
ti
c eTestsare
desi
gnedtogivefut
ureIELTS ca nd
idat
esa nideaofwhetherthei
rEngl
ishisatthe
re
quire
dleve
l.
IELTS i
sownedb yt
hre
epar
tne
rs,theUni
ver
sit
yo fCambridge ESOLExa
minat
ions
,
t
heBrit
is
hCo un
cila
ndIDPEducat
ionPtyLi
mite
d( t
hroug
hit
ss ubsidi
ar
ycompany,
IELTS Aus
tra
li
aPt yLimi
ted
).Fur
the
rinf
orma
ti
ononIELTS ca
nbef
oundo
ntheIELTS
websi
te(www. ielts.
org)
.
WHAT IS THE TEST FORMAT?
IELTS consi
stsoffourcomponent
s.Al
lca
ndida
testa
kethesameLi
ste
ninga
ndSpe a
king
test
s.Therei
sac hoiceofReadi
ngandWrit
ingt
estsacc
ordi
ngtowhet
heracandi
dat
eis
t
aki
ngt
heAc
ade
micorGe
ner
alTr
ai
ningmodul
e.
Academic General Training

Forc
andi
dat
eswi
shi
ngt
ost
udya
t Forc
andi
dat
eswi
shi
ngt
omi
gra
tet
oan
unde
rgr
aduat
eorpost
graduat
ele
vels
, Engl
i
sh-
speak
ingcount
ry(Austr
ali
a,Cana
da,
andf
orthos
eseek
ingprofe
ssi
onal NewZeal
and,UK)
,andforthos
ewishingto
r
egi
str
ati
on. t
rai
nors
tudya
tbe
lowde
gre
ele
vel
.
Thet
estco
mpone
ntsa
ret
ake
nint
hef
oll
owi
ngor
der
:
Listening
4s
ect
ions
,40i
temsa
ppr
oxi
mat
ely3
0mi
nut
es
Academic Reading General Training Reading

3s
ect
ions,
40i
tems or 3s
ect
ions
,40i
tems
6 0mi
nut
es 60minut
es
Academic Writing General Training Writing

2tasks or 2tasks
6
0mi
nut
es 6
0mi
nut
es
Speaking
1
1to1
4mi
nut
es
Total Test Time

2hours4 4mi nutes
9781107615502p001-
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201212:
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Page 5
Introduction
Listening
Thi
ste
stc
ons
ist
soff
ours
ect
ions
,ea
chwi
tht
enque
sti
ons
.Thef
ir
stt
wos
ect
ionsa
re
c
onc
ernedwi
ths oc
ial
needs
.Thef
irs
tse
cti
onisac
onve r
sat
ionbetweent
wos peakersa
nd
t
hes
econdse
c t
ionisamonol
ogue
.Thefi
nalt
wosect
ionsar
ec onc
e r
nedwit
hs i
tua
tions
r
ela
tedtoeducat
iona
lortr
aini
ngcont
ext
s.Thethi
rds
ect
ioni
sac
onve
rsa
tionbe
twe
enupt
o
f
ourpeopl
ea ndt
hefourt
hs ec
ti
onisamonologue
.
Avar
ie
tyofquest
iontype
sisused,i
ncl
udi
ng:mul
tipl
echoic
e,mat
ching,pl
an/
map/
di
agr
aml
abel
l
ing,f
ormc ompl
eti
on,
notecompl
eti
on,t
ablecompl
eti
on,
flow-c
hart
c
omplet
ion,
summar
yc omple
tion,
sent
encecompl
eti
on,s
hort-
answerques
tions
.
Ca
ndidat
eshea
rtherecor
dingonceonl
ya nda
nswertheques
tionsast
he yl
ist
en.
Ten
mi
nut
esa
rea
ll
owe
datt
hee
ndf
orc
andi
dat
est
otr
ans
fert
hei
rans
wer
stot
hea
nswe
rshe
et.
Academic Reading
Thist
estconsi
stsofthr
eesec
tionswit
h40ques
tions.Ther
earethr
eet
ext
s,whi
char
e
ta
kenfromjour
nals,
books,
ma gazi
nesandne
wspa pe
rs.Thete
xtsar
eontopi
csofge
ner
al
i
nte
res
t.Atle
astonetextcont
ainsde
tai
l
edl
ogi
calar
gument
.
Ava r
ie
tyofquest
iontypesisuse
d,i
ncl
udi
ng:
multi
plec
hoi
ce,
ide
nti
fyi
ngi
nfor
mat
ion(
True
/
Fa
lse/
NotGiven)
,ident
if
yingwri
ter
’svie
ws /
cla
ims(
Yes/
No/NotGi
ven),
mat
chi
nginf
or ma
tion,
mat
chinghe
a di
ngs,matchi
ngfe
atures
,ma t
chi
ngsent
encee
ndings
,sent
enc
ecomple
tion,
s
ummarycomple
ti
on,notecompl
eti
on,ta
blec
ompl
eti
on,
flow-
cha
rtc
ompl
eti
on,
dia
gra
m
l
abe
lcompl
eti
on,shor
t-
answerquest
ions.
General Training Reading

Thist
estcons
ist
softhr
eesec
tionswit
h40que st
ions.Thetex
tsar
eta
kenf
romnoti
ces
,
adver
ti
sement
s,l
eaf
let
s,ne
wspa pe
rs,
inst
ruc
tionma nual
s,booksa
ndmaga
zine
s.The
f
ir
sts
ecti
onc
onta
inste
xtsr
ele
vanttobas
icli
ngui
sti
cs ur
vivali
nEngl
ish,wi
tht
ask
smainl
y
c
oncer
nedwi
thpr
ovidi
ngfact
uali
nfor
mati
on.Theseconds e
cti
onfoc
us e
sonthewor
k
c
ont
exta
ndi
nvol
vest
ext
sofmor
ecompl
exl
angua
ge.
Thet
hir
dse
cti
oni
nvol
vesr
eadi
ng

e
xte
ndedtext,
withamor ecompl
exstr
uctur
e,butwit
hthee mphasi
sondescr
ipt
iveand
i
nst
ruc
tiverat
herthanargument
ati
vetex
ts.
Avariet
yofque s
tiontypesi
sused,i
ncl
uding:mult
ipl
ec hoi
ce,
ide
nti
fyi
nginfor
mat
ion(
True
/
Fa
lse/
NotGiven)
,ident
if
yingwri
ter
’svie
ws /
cla
ims(
Yes/
No/NotGi
ven),
mat
chi
nginf
or ma
tion,
mat
chinghe
a di
ngs,matchi
ngfe
atures
,ma t
chi
ngsent
encee
ndings
,sent
enc
ecomple
tion,
s
ummarycomple
ti
on,notecompl
eti
on,ta
blec
ompl
eti
on,
flow-
cha
rtc
ompl
eti
on,
dia
gra
m
l
abe
lcompl
eti
on,shor
t-
answerquest
ions.
Academic Writing
Thi
ste
stc
ons
ist
soft
wot
ask
s.I
tiss
ugge
ste
dtha
tca
ndi
dat
ess
penda
bout2
0mi
nut
eson
Task1,whi
chr
equi
rest
hemtowri
tea
tle
ast150words,and40mi
nute
sonTa
sk2,whi
ch
re
quir
esthe
mtowri
teatl
eas
t250wor
ds.Tas
k2c ontr
ibute
stwi
ceasmuc
hasTa
sk1tothe
Wr
it
ingsc
ore.
Ta s
k1requi
resc
andi
dat
est
olooka
tadi
agr
amors
omeda
ta(
gra
ph,
tabl
eorc
har
t)a
nd
topre
sentthei
nformat
ioni
nthei
rownwor
ds.
Theyar
eas
sess
edont
hei
rabi
li
tytoor
ga ni
se,
pre
sentandpossibl
ycompareda
ta,
des
cri
bet
hes
tage
sofapr
oce
ss,
des
cri
bea nobj
ector
e
vent
,ore
xpl
ai
nhows
ome
thi
ngwor
ks.
9781107615502p001-
176.
indd5 24/
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201212:
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Page 6
Introduction
I
nTa s
k2c
andi
dat
esar
epres
entedwi
thapoi
ntofview,ar
gumentorpr
oblem.Theyar
e
a
ssess
edont
hei
rabi
l
it
ytopr
esentasol
uti
ont
otheproble
m,pres
entandjus
tif
ya nopi
nion,
compar
eandcont
ras
tevi
denc
eandopi
ni
ons
,ande
val
uat
eandc
hal
l
engei
dea
s,e
vide
nce
orar
gument
s.
Ca
ndi
dat
esa
rea
lsoa
sse
sse
dont
hei
rabi
l
ityt
owr
it
eina
nappr
opr
iat
est
yle
.
General Training Writing

Thi
ste
stconsi
st
softwotas
ks.
Iti
ssuggest
edtha
tc a
ndida
tesspendabout2
0minut
eson
Tas
k1,whic
hrequi
rest
hemtowri
tea
tlea
st150words,a
nd4 0mi
nutesonTask2
,which
r
equi
rest
hemtowr
it
eatl
eas
t25
0wor
ds.
Tas
k2c
ont
ri
but
est
wic
easmuc
hasTa
sk1t
othe
Wri
ti
ngscor
e.
InTa
s k1ca
ndidat
esar
eas
ke dt
or e
s pondt
oagivensi
tua
tionwit
halet
terr
eques
ting
i
nfor
mat
ionorexpl
ai
ningt
hes
ituat
ion.Theyar
eas
se s
sedontheira
bil
it
ytoengagei
n
pe
rsona
lcor
res
pondence,
eli
ci
tandpr
ovidegene
ralf
act
uali
nfor
mat
ion,
expr
essne
eds
,
want
s,l
ik
esanddi
sli
kes
,expr
essopi
nions,
compl
aint
s,e
tc.
I
nTa s
k2c a
ndida
tesar
epres
ente
dwit
hapoi
ntofvi
ew,argumentorprobl
em.They
a
reass
essedonthei
rabi
l
ityt
oprovi
dege
ner
alf
act
uali
nfor
ma t
ion,
outl
ineaprobl
em
a
ndpres
entasol
uti
on,pr
ese
nta
ndj
ust
if
yanopi
nion,
ande
val
uat
eandc
hal
l
engei
dea
s,
e
vide
nceorar
guments
.
Ca
ndi
dat
esa
rea
lsoa
sse
sse
dont
hei
rabi
l
ityt
owr
it
eina
nappr
opr
iat
est
yle
.
Morei
nfor
mat
iononass
essingbot
htheAcademica
ndGe nera
l Tr
aini
ngWri
ti
ngtest
s,
i
ncl
udi
ngtheWrit
ingAsse
ss me
ntCri
te
ria(
publ
icver
sion)
,isavai
labl
eont
heIELTS we
bsi
te.
Speaking
Thi
stes
tta
kesbet
wee
n11a
nd1
4mi
nut
esa
ndi
sconduc
tedbyat
rai
nede
xami
ner
.The
re
ar
ethr
eepar
ts:

Part 1
Thec
andi
dat
eandt
hee
xami
neri
ntr
oduc
ethe
mse
lve
s.Ca
ndi
dat
est
hena
nswe
rge
ner
al
ques
tionsaboutt
hemsel
ves,t
hei
rhome/
famil
y,t
hei
rjob/
studi
es,
the
irint
erest
sandawi
de
ra
ngeofs i
mil
arfa
mil
ia
rtopi
carea
s.Thi
spartl
ast
sbetweenfoura
ndfiveminutes
.
Part 2
Thec
andi
dat
eisgi
venat
askc
ardwi
thpr
ompt
sandi
sas
kedt
ota
lkonapa
rti
cul
art
opi
c.
Thecandi
dat
eha
sonemi
nut
etopre
parea
ndt heycanma
kesomenot
esi
fthe
ywis
h,
bef
orespe
aki
ngf
orbe
twe
enoneandtwominute
s .
Theex
ami
nert
henask
soneort
wo
que
sti
onsont
hes
amet
opi
c.
Part 3
Theex
aminerandthec
andida
teenga
geinadi
scussi
onofmorea
bst
rac
tissueswhic
ha r
e
the
mat
ica
llyli
nkedtot
hetopi
cinPar
t2.
Thediscus
sionl
ast
sbet
weenfourandfi
veminute
s.
TheSpeak
ingtes
tasse
sseswhet
herc
andi
dat
esca
ncommunic
ateeff
ecti
vel
yinEngl
is
h.
Theass
essmenttak
esi
ntoacc
ountFl
uenc
yandCohe
renc
e,Lexi
cal
Re s
ource,
Grammat
ica
l
RangeandAccur
acy,
andPr
onunci
ati
on.Moreinf
orma
tiononasse
ssingtheSpeaki
ngt e
st,
i
ncludi
ngtheSpe
aki
ngAsse
ssmentCri
te
ria(
publi
cver
sion)
,isa
vai
lableontheIELTS websi
te.
6
9781107615502p001-
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201212:
09
Page 7
Introduction
HOW IS IELTS SCORED?
IELTS r
esul
tsa
rer
epor
tedonani
ne-
bands
cal
e.I
naddi
ti
ont
othes
cor
eforove
ral
ll
angua
ge
abi
l
ity,IELTS pr
ovide
sascorei
nthefor
mofapr
ofi
l
eforeac
hofthefourski
l
ls(
Lis
tening,
Reading,Writ
ingandSpe
aking)
.Thes
escor
esar
eal
sorepor
tedonanine-
bandsca
le.All
s
core
sa r
erecor
dedontheTestRepor
tFormalongwit
hdet
ail
softhec
a ndi
date’
snati
ona
li
ty,
f
ir
stl
anguageanddat
eofbir
th.Ea
c hOver
all
Ba ndSc
orec
orre
spondstoade s
cri
pti
ve
s
tat
ementwhi
chgive
sas umma
ryoft
heEnglishl
anguagea
bili
tyofaca
ndi
dat
ecl
ass
ifi
eda
t
t
hatl
evel
.Theni
nebandsandt
hei
rdesc
ript
ivest
ateme
ntsareasfol
l
ows:
9 Expert User – Has fully operational command of the language: appropriate, accurate and
fluent with complete understanding.
8 Very Good User – Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional
unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in
unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well.
7 Good User – Has operational command of the language, though with occasional
inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally
handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning.
6 Competent User – Has generally effective command of the language despite some
inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly
complex language, particularly in familiar situations.
5 Modest User – Has partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in

most situations, though is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able to handle basic
communication in own field.
4 Limited User – Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems
in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language.
3 Extremely Limited User – Conveys and understands only general meaning in very
familiar situations. Frequent breakdowns in communication occur.
2 Intermittent User – No real communication is possible except for the most basic
information using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet
immediate needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English.
1 Non User – Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated
words.
0 Did not attempt the test – No assessable information provided.
Mos
tuni
ver
si
ti
esa
ndc
oll
ege
sint
heUni
tedKi
ngdom,
Aus
tra
li
a,Ne
wZe
ala
nd,
Cana
da
andtheUSAac
cepta
nIELTS Ove
ral
lBa
ndSc
oreof6
.0–7
.0f
ore
ntr
ytoa
cade
mic
progr
ammes
.
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09
Page 8
Introduction
MARKING THE PRACTICE TESTS
Listening and Reading

TheAns
we rKe
ysareonpages152
–16
1.
Eac
hquest
ioni
ntheLi
ste
ningandRea
dingt
est
siswor
thonema
rk.
Questions which require letter / Roman numeral answers

•Forquest
ionswher
etheanswe
rsarel
ett
ersorRomannumer
als,
youshoul
dwr i
teonly
thenumberofa
nswersre
qui
red.
Forexample
,ift
heans
werisasi
ngl
elet
terornume ra
l
yous
houl
dwri
teonlyoneanswe
r.I
fyouhavewr
it
tenmor
ele
tte
rsornume
ral
stha
nar
e
re
qui
re
d,t
hea
ns wermustbemar
kedwrong.
Questions which require answers in the form of words or numbers

•Ans
we r
sma
ybewrit
teni
nuppe rorl
owe
rcas
e.
•Wordsi
nbr
ack
etsa
reoptional –the
yar
ecor
rec
t,butnotne
ces
sar
y.
•Alt
erna
ti
veans
we r
sar
esepa
rat
edbyas l
ash(/)
.
•I
fyoua r
eas
kedtowri
tea
nanswerus
ingac e
rtai
nnumbe
rofwor
dsa
nd/
or(
a)
number
(s),
youwil
lbepe
nal
i
sedi
fyoue
xce
edt
his
.Forex
ampl
e,i
faquest
ionspeci
fi
es
anans
we rusi
ngNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSa ndt
hecor
recta
nsweris‘
bla
ck
l
eat
hercoa
t’,
theanswe
r‘c
oatofbl
acklea
ther’i
sincorrect.
•I
nquesti
onswhereyouar
eexpe
ctedt
oc omple
teaga p,yous houl
dtr
ans
feronl
ythe
nece
s s
arymis
s i
ngword(s
)ontotheanswershee
t.Fore
xample,
tocompl
ete‘
inthe. .
.
’,
andthecor
rectans
weris‘mor
ning’
,theanswer‘
inthemorni
ng’woul
dbeincorrect.
•Al
lans
wer
sre
qui
rec
orr
ects
pel
l
ing(
inc
ludi
ngwor
dsi
nbr
ack
ets
).
•Bot
hUSandUKs pe
lli
ngareac
cepta
bleandarei
ncl
udedintheAnswerKey.
•All
sta
nda
rda
lt
ernat
ivesf
ornumbers,
datesa
ndc ur
renc
iesa
reacce
pta
ble.
•All
sta
nda
rda
bbrevi
ati
onsareacc
eptabl
e.
•Youwi
l
lfi
nda
ddi
ti
ona
lnot
esa
bouti
ndi
vidua
lans
wer
sint
heAns
werKe
y.
Writing
Themode
lands
ampl
eans
wer
sar
eonpa
ges1
62–1
73.
Iti
snotpos
sibl
eforyout
ogi
ve
yourse
lfamarkf
ort
heWr i
ti
ngtask
s.ForTa
sk2inTest
s1and3,a
ndTask1i
nTest
s2a
nd
4,andforTa
sk1inGene
ralTr
aini
ngTestAandTask2inGe
ner
alTra
ini
ngTe
stB,
wehave
pr
ovide
dmode
lanswe
rs(wr
it
tenbyanexami
ner
).I
tisi
mporta
ntt
onotet
hatt
hes
es how
j
ustonewa
yofcompl
eti
ngt
hetask,
outofmanypossi
blea
pproa
che
s.ForTa
sk1inTests1
and3,a
ndTas k2i
nTe s
ts2and4,a
ndforTa
s k2inGene
ral
Tra
ini
ngTe
stAa ndTask1in
Gene
ralTr
ai
ningTestB,wehavepr
ovi
dedsampleans
wers(
wri
tt
enbycandi
dat
es)
,showi
ng
thei
rscor
eandtheexami
ner
’scomments.
Thesemodel
answersa
nds
ampl
eans
wer
swi
l
l
giveyouanins
ighti
ntowhati
srequi
redfort
heWri
ti
ngte
s t
.
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09
Page 9
Introduction
HOW SHOULD YOU INTERPRET YOUR SCORES?
Att
hee
ndofe
achLi
ste
ninga
ndRe
adi
ngAns
werk
eyyouwi
l
lfi
ndac
har
twhi
chwi
l
lhe
lp
youassesswhe
the
r,ont
heba
sisofyourPr
act
iceTe
str
esul
ts,
youa
rer
eadyt
ota
ket
he
IELTS t
est
.
Ini
nter
pre
ti
ngyourscore
,ther
ear
eanumberofpoi
ntsyoushoul
dbeari
nmi
nd.Your
pe
rfor
mancei
nther
ealIELTS t
estwi
l
lber
epor
tedintwoways:
therewi
l
lbeaBandScor
e
f
rom1to9 f
oreachoft
hecomponentsandanOvera
llBandScor
efr
om1t o9,whi
ch
i
sthea
verageofyours
cor
esinthefourcompone
nts.Howeve
r,i
nst
it
uti
onsconsi
der
ing
youra
ppl
ic
ati
onarea
dvis
e dt
olookatbot
htheOvera
llBa
ndScoreandt
heBandsfor
eachc
omponenti
nor
dertodet
ermi
newhetheryouha
vethel
anguagesk
il
lsne
ededfora
par
ti
cula
rcourseofst
udy.Forexampl
e,i
fyourcour
sehasalotofr
eadi
nga ndwri
ti
ng,
but
nolec
tures
,li
ste
ningski
l
lsmightbele
ssimport
antandasc
oreof5inList
eningmi
ghtbe
a
cce
ptabl
eiftheOveral
lBandScor
ewas7
.Howeve
r,foracour
sewhichhasl
otsoflec
tur
es
a
ndspokeninst
ruc
tions,asc
oreof5i
nLi
st
eni
ngmightbeunacce
pta
bleeventhoughthe
Over
all
BandSc
orewa
s7.
Onceyouha
vemar
kedyourt
est
syous
houl
dha
ves
omei
deaofwhe
the
ryourl
i
ste
ning
andr
eadi
ngs
kil
l
saregoode
noughforyoutot
rytheIELTS t
est
.Ifyoudi
dwe l
lenoughin
onec
ompone
ntbutnoti
not
her
s,youwill
havetodeci
deforyour
s e
lfwhe
the
ryoua rer
eady
t
otaket
hete
st.
ThePr
act
iceTe
stsha
vebe
enc
hec
kedt
oens
uret
hatt
heya
reofa
ppr
oxi
mat
elyt
hes
ame
l
evel
ofdif
fi
cult
yastherea
lIELTS t
est
.Howe ver
,wecannotguarant
eethatyoursc
orei
nthe
Pr
act
iceTest
swill
beref
lec
tedinther
ealIELTS t
est
.ThePract
iceTestsca
nonl ygi
veyou

a
n
bai
d
s
ede
aoo
nf
yy
oo
uu
rr
sp
co
os
rs
i
e
.bl
efut
ureperf
ormanc eandi
tisult
imate
lyupt oyoutomakedec
isi
ons
Diff
ere
ntinst
it
uti
onsacceptdi
ff
erentIELTS s
coresfordi
ffe
renttype
sofcours
es.Wehave
bas
edourrecommendat
ionsontheaver
ages
coreswhi
chthemajor
it
yofins
titut
ionsac
cept
.
Theins
ti
tut
iontowhic
hyoua reappl
yi
ngmay,ofcour
se,
requi
reahighe
rorlowe rs
cor
etha
n
mos
tot
heri
nst
it
uti
ons
.
Further information
Formor
einf
orma
tiona
boutIELTS ora
nyot
herUni
ver
sit
yofCambridge ESOLe
xami
nat
ion,
wr
it
eto:
Uni
ver
sit
yofCambridge ESOLEx
ami
nat
ions Te
lephone
:+4
412
235
533
55
1Hil
l
sRoa d Fa
x:+44122
34 6
027
8
Cambridge e
mai
l
:es
olhe
lpde
sk@c
ambri
dgee
sol.
org
CB12EU ht
tp:
//
www.
cambri
dgees
ol .
or g
Uni
tedKi
ngdom ht
tp:
//www.ielts.
org
9781107615502p001-
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201212:
09
Page 10
Te
st1
LISTENING
SECTION 1 Questions 1–10
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
JOB ENQUIRY
Example
• Work at: ar
est
aur
ant
• Type of work: 1

• Number of hours per week: 12hou

rs
• Would need work permit
• Work in the: 2 br
anch
• Nearest bus stop: next to 3
• Pay: 4 £ a
nhou
r
• Extra benefits:
–af
reedi
nne
r
–e
xtr
apa
ywhe
nyouwo
rko
n5
–t
rans
por
thomewhe
nyouwor
k6
• Qualities required:
–7
–a
bil
i
tyt
o8
• Interview arranged for: Thur
sda
y9 a
t6p
.m.
• Bring the names of two referees
• Ask for: Sa
mir
a10
10
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201212:
09
Page 11
Listening
Questions 11–16
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Spor
tsWor
ld
•ane
w 11 ofa
nint
ern
ati
ona
lspor
tsg
oodscompa
ny
•l
oca
tedi
nthes
hopp
ingce
ntr
etot
he12 ofBr
adca
ste
r
•ha
sspor
ts13 a
nde
qui
pme
ntonf
loor
s1–3
•ca
nge
tyoua
nyi
t
em wi
t
hin14 da
ys
•s
hops
peci
al
is
esi
nequ
ipme
ntf
or15
•ha
sas
peci
als
ect
i
onwhi
chj
usts
ell
s16

1
1
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201212:
09
Page 12
Test 1
Questions 17 and 18
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
17 Acha
mpi
ona
thl
et
ewi
l
lbei
nthes
hop
A onSatur
daymorningonl
y.
Ba l
ldaySatur
day.
Cf ort
hewh ol
ewe eke
nd.
18 Thef
ir
stpe
rsont
oan
swe
r20qui
zque
sti
onscor
rect
l
ywi
l
lwi
n
A gy
m me mber
shi
p.
B avi
deo.
C acal
endar
.
Questions 19 and 20
Choose TWO letters, A–E.
Whi
chTWO pi
ece
sofi
nfor
mat
i
ondoe
sthes
pea
kerg
ivea
bou
tth
efi
tne
sst
est
?

A Youneedt orese
rveaplace
.
BItisfre
et oaccounthol
ders
.
C Yougeta dvi
ceonh ow t
oimproveyourhe
alt
h.
DI tt
akesplaceinaspeci
alcl
ini
c.
EItischeaperthi
smonth.
12
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201212:
09
Page 13
Listening
Questions 21–30
Course Feedback
21 Oner
eas
onwh
ySpi
rosf
eltha
ppya
bouth
isma
rke
ti
ngpr
ese
nta
ti
onwa
sth
at
Ahewasnotner
vous.
Bhi
sst
ylewasgood.
Ct
heprese
nta
ti
onwasthebe
sti
nhi
sgr
oup
.
22 Wha
tsur
pri
sedHi
rok
oabo
utt
heot
hers
tud
ent
s’pr
ese
nta
ti
ons
?
A The
irpr
esent
ati
onswer
enotint
eres
ti
ng.
B The
yfoundthei
rpre
sen
tat
ionsst
res
sful
.
C The
yd i
dn’
tlookatt
heaudie
nceenough.

23 Af
ters
hega veherpre
sent
ati
on,Hi
rokof
elt
Adeli
ghte
d .
Bdiss
ati
sfi
ed.
Cemba r
rassed.
24 How doe
sSpi
rosf
eel
abou
thi
spe
rfor
man
cei
ntut
ori
al
s?
Anotver
yh appy
Br
eall
yplea
sed
Cf
a i
rl
yconfi
de nt
25 Whyca
ntheot
hers
tude
ntsp
art
ici
pat
esoe
asi
l
yindi
scus
sions
?
A The
yarepol
i
tetoeachot
her.
B The
yagre
etotaket
urnsi
nspeaki
ng.
C The
yknowe a
cho t
herwel
l.
26 Whyi
sHi
rokof
eel
i
ngmor
epos
it
ivea
boutt
utor
ia
lsn
ow?
A Shef
indstheo t
herstud
ents
’o pi
nionsmorei
nte
res
ti
ng.
B Shei
sma kingmor eofacontr
ibut
ion.
C Thet
utorinclude
sh e
rinthediscus
sion.
27 Toh
elph
erund
ers
tandl
ect
ure
s,Hi
roko
Aconsul
te
dr e
ferencemat
eri
al
s.
Bhadext
ratutor
ial
swithherl
ect
urer
s.
Cborr
owe dl
ecturenot
esfr
om othe
rstude
nts
.
1
3
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201212:
09
Page 14
Test 1
28 Wha
tdoe
sSpi
rost
hinko
fhi
sre
adi
ngs
kil
l
s?
A Her
eadsf
ast
erthanheuse
dto.
BItst
i
llt
ake
shim alongt
imetor
ead.
C Het
endst
ostr
ug gl
ewit
hnewv oca
bul
ar
y.
29 Wha
tisHi
roko’
ssubj
ecta
rea
?
Ae n
vironmenta
lst
udi
es
B he
alt
he duca
ti
on
Ce n
gineeri
ng
30 Hi
rokot
hinkst
hati
nther
eadi
ngcl
ass
est
hes
tude
ntss
hou
ld
Alearnmorevocabul
ary
.
Br e
admo r
einthei
rowns ubj
ectar
eas
.
C devel
opbet
terr
eadi
ngs t
rat
egi
es.

10/14/12
14
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201212:
09
Page 15
Listening
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins

Ma
sss
tra
ndi
ngs
:si
tua
ti
onswhe
reg
roupsofwha
les
,dol
phi
ns,e
tc.s
wimon
tot
heb
eac
h
a
ndd
ie
Commoni
nar
easwh
eret
he31 ca
ncha
ngequi
ckl
y
Se
ver
alot
hert
heor
ies
:

Parasites
e
.g.s
omep
ara
sit
esca
naf
fectma
rinea
nima
ls’32 ,wh
icht
heyde
pend
onf
orna
viga
ti
on
Toxins
Poi
sonsf
rom 33 or a
rec
ommon
lycon
sume
dby
wha
les
e
.g.Ca
peCod(
1988
)–wha
leswe
reki
l
ledbys
axi
toxi
n
Accidental Strandings
Ani
mal
sma
yfol
l
ow pr
eya
shor
e,e
.g.Thur
ston(
199
5)
Unl
i
kel
ybe
cau
set
hema
jor
it
yofa
nima
lswe
renot34 whe
nthe
y
s
tra
nde
d
Human Activity
35 f
rom mi
l
it
aryt
est
sar
eli
nke
dtos
omer
ece
nts
tra
ndi
ngs
TheBa
hama
s(2000
)st
randi
ngwa
sunus
ualb
eca
uset
hewha
les
•we
rea
ll36
•we
renoti
na37
1
5
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201212:
09
Page 16
Test 1
Group Behaviour
•Mo
res
tra
ndi
ngsi
nthemos
t38 s
peci
esofwha
les
•1
994do
lphi
nst
rand
ing–o
nlyt
he39 wa
sil
l
Further Reading
Marine Mammals Ashore (
Conno
r)–gi
vesi
nfor
mat
iona
bou
tst
rand
ing40

16
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201212:
09
Page 17
Reading
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.
Wi
ll
iamHe
nryPe
rki
n
The man who invented synthetic dyes
Wi
ll
i
amHenryPerk
inwasbornon Attheti
me,qui
ninewastheonlyvi
abl
e
Ma
rch1
2,18
3 8
,inLondon,
Engla
nd. medic
alt
rea
tmentformal
ari
a.The
Asaboy,Perk
in’
sc ur
iosi
typrompt
ed dr
ugisder
ivedfr
omt hebarkoft
he
ea
rlyi
nte
res
tsinthearts
,sci
ences, ci
nchonat
ree
, na
tivetoSouthAmer
ica
,
phot
ography,andengi
nee
ring.
Buti
twas a
ndby1856demandfort
hedrugwas
achanc
es tumbli
nguponarun-
down, s
urpa
ssi
ngtheavai
la
blesuppl
y.Thus
,
ye
tfunct
ional
,l
abor
atoryinhislat
e whenHofmannmades
omepa ssi
ng
gr
andfa
ther’
shomethatsoli
dif
iedthe comment
saboutt
hedesi
rabi
l
ityofa
youngma
n’se
nthus
ias
mforc
hemi
str
y. synthet
icsubst
it
utef
orqui
nine,i
twas
unsurpr
isi
ngthathi
ssta
rpupil
wa s
Asastudenta
ttheCi
tyofLondonSc
hool
,
move
dtot
akeupt
hec
hal
l
enge
.
Pe
rki
nbe c
ameimmers
edinthest
udyof
c
hemi
str
y.Hist
ale
ntanddevot
iontothe Duri
nghi
svac
ati
oni
n185
6, Per
kin
s
ubj
ectwer
epercei
vedbyhist
eacher
, spe
nthi
sti
meint
hel
abor
atoryonthe
ThomasHal
l,whoencoura
gedhi
mto t
opfloorofhi
sfa
mil
y’shouse
.Hewas
at
tendase
rie
sofle
c t
uresgi
venbyt
he a
tte
mpt i
ngtomanuf
actur
equi
nine
emi
nents
cient
istMic
hael
Far
ada
yatthe f
romani
li
ne,
aninex
pensi
veandrea
dil
y
Roya
lIns
tit
uti
on.Thoses
pee
chesf
ir
ed a
vail
abl
ecoalt
arwast
epr
oduct.
Despi
te
t
heyoungche
mist’
sent
husia
smf ur
the
r, hi
sbe
s te
ffor
ts,
howe ver
,hedi
dnotend
a
ndhelat
erwentontoa
tte
ndt heRoyal upwi
thquini
ne.Ins
tead,hepr
oduc
eda
Col
l
egeofChemi
str
y,whi
chhesucce
ede
d myste
riousdar
ksl
udge.
Luckil
y,Per
kin’
s
i
nente
ringi
n185
3,att
heageof15
. sc
ient
ifi
ctra
ini
ngandnat
ureprompt
ed
himtoinvest
iga
tethesubs
tancef
urt
her
.
Att
het
imeofPe
rki
n’se
nrol
ment
,the
Incor
porat
ingpota
s s
iumdi
chromat
eand
RoyalCol
l
egeofChemis
trywashe
aded
al
cohol
int
ot hea
nil
ineatva
riousst
ages
bythenot
edGermanchemis
tAugust
oft
heexpe
riment
alproc
ess,hefi
nal
ly
Wil
hel
mHofmann.Pe
rki
n’ssci
enti
fi
c
pr
oduce
dadeeppur
ples
olut
ion.
And,
gi
ft
ssoonc
aughtHofmann’
satte
ntion
pr
ovi
ngthet
rut
hoft
hefamoussci
ent
ist
and,wi
thi
ntwoyear
s,hebec
ame
Loui
sPast
eur
’swor
ds‘cha
ncefavours
Hofmann’
syounge
stassi
st
ant.
Notl
ong
onl
ythepr
epar
edmind’
,Per
kins
a wthe
af
tert
hat,
Perk
inmadet
hes
c i
ent
if
ic
pot
ent
ial
ofhi
sune
xpe
cte
dfi
nd.
br
eakt
hroughtha
twoul
dbr
inghimbot
h
f
amea
ndf
ort
une
.
1
7
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Page 18
Test 1
Hi
st
ori
cal
l
y,t
ext
il
edye
swe
rema
de Wi
tht
hehe
lpofhi
sfa
the
randbr
othe
r,
f
romsuchnatural
sour
cesa
spla
nts Per
kinse
tupafac
torynotfa
rfr
om
a
ndanimale
xc r
eti
ons.
Someoft
hes
e, London.
Uti
li
si
ngthecheapandpl
ent
if
ul
suc
hast
heglandul
armucusofsna
il
s, coal
tart
hatwasana l
mostunl
imi
ted
wer
edi
ff
icul
ttoobt
aina
ndoutra
geousl
y bypr
oductofLondon’sgasst
ree
tli
ght
ing,
e
xpens
ive
.Inde
ed,t
hepurpl
ecol
our t
hedyeworksbe
ganproduci
ngthe
e
xtr
act
edfr
omas na
ilwa
soncesocost
ly wor
ld’
sfi
rsts
ynt
het
ica
llydyedmat
eri
al
t
hati
nsoci
etyatt
heti
meonl
ytheri
ch i
n18
57.
Thec ompa
nyre
cei
veda
c
ouldaf
for
dit.
Furt
her
,na
tur
aldye
s c
ommer
cia
lboostf
romt
heEmpr
ess
te
ndedtobemuddyinhueandfade Eugéni
eofFra
nce,whens
hedeci
ded
qui
ckl
y.Itwa
sagai
nstt
hisback
droptha
t thenewcol
ourfl
att
ere
dher
.Ve
rysoon,
Pe
rki
n’sdi
scove
rywa
sma
de. ma
uvewa
sthene
ces
sar
ysha
def
ora
ll

Per
ki
nqui
ckl
ygr
aspe
dthathi
spurpl
e thefas
hionablela
diesintha
tcount
ry.
Nottobeout done,Engla
nd’sQuee
n
sol
uti
onc
oul
dbeusedt
oc ol
our
Vict
ori
aa l
soa ppear
edinpubli
cweari
ng
f
abr
ic,
thusmaki
ngitthewor
ld’
sfi
rst
amauvegown,t
husmaki
ngi
tal
lthe
s
ynthet
icdye
.Real
i
s i
ngthei
mport
ance
r
ageinEngl
andaswel
l
.Thedyewas
oft
hisbr
e a
kthrough,
helos
tnoti
me
boldandfa
st,andt
hepubl
i
cclamour
ed
i
npatent
ingit.
Butperha
psthemost
formore
.Perk
inwentba
cktot
he
f
asci
nat
ingofal
lPer
kin’
sre
acti
onstohi
s
dr
awi
ngboa
rd.
f
indwashisne
arl
yinsta
ntr
ecogni
ti
on
tha
tthenewdyeha
dcomme
rci
al Alt
houghPerki
n’sfa
mewasachi
eve
d
possi
bil
i
ti
es. andfor
tunea
ssuredbyhi
sfi
rst
di
scover
y,theche
mis
tc ont
inued
Pe
rki
nor
igi
nal
l
yna
medhi
sdyeTyr
ian
hi
srese
arch.Amongotherdyeshe
Purpl
e,buti
tlat
erbec
amecommonl
y
deve
lopedandi
ntr
oduc
edwereani
l
ine
knowna smauve(f
romtheFr
enc
hfor
re
d(1859
)andani
li
nebl
ack(
1863
)and,
t
hepl
antusedtomak
ethecol
ourvi
ole
t).
i
nthel
ate186
0s,Per
kin’
sgreen.
Iti
s
Heas
kedadvic
eofScot
ti
shdyeworks
i
mport
antt
onotethatPer
kin’
ssynt
het
ic
ownerRober
tPull
ar
,whoa s
sur
edhi
m
dyedi
scove
rie
shadoutcomesfa
rbe yond
tha
tmanufa
ctur
ingthedyewoul
dbe
theme
rel
ydecora
tive
.Thedyesals
o
wel
lwort
hiti
fthec
olourrema
ine
d
be
c a
mevit
altomedi
cal
res
ear
chi
n
f
ast(
i.
e.woul
dnotfade)a
ndthecos
t
manyways.Fori
nst
anc
e,t
heywe
reus
ed
wasre
lati
vel
ylow.So,ove
rthefi
erce
tost
ainpr
evious
lyi
nvi
sibl
emicr
obesand
obj
ect
ionsofhisment
orHofmann,he
bac
teri
a,a
ll
owingre
sea
rcher
stoide
nti
fy
l
ef
tcol
legetogi
vebir
tht
othemode
rn
s
uchba
cil
l
iast
uberc
ulos
is,
c hol
era
,
c
hemic
al i
ndust
ry.
a
ndant
hra
x.Ar
ti
fi
ci
aldyesconti
nueto
pl
ayacr
ucia
lrol
etoday.And,i
nwhat
woul
dhavebeenpart
icul
arl
ypl
eas
ingt
o
Perki
n,t
heirc
urr
entusei
sinthes
ear
ch
foravacci
neagai
nstmal
ari
a.
18
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Page 19
Reading
Questions 1 – 7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

19/120
1 Micha
elFar
ada
ywa
sthef
ir
stpe
rsont
ore
cog
nis
ePe
rki
n’sa
bil
i
tya
sas
tude
ntof
chemi
str
y.
2 Mi
cha
elFa
rada
ysugge
ste
dPe
rki
nshoul
denr
oli
ntheRoya
lCol
l
egeo
fChe
mis
try.
3 Pe
rki
nemp
loye
dAugus
tWi
l
hel
m Hof
manna
shi
sas
sis
tant
.
4 Pe
rki
nwa
sst
il
lyoun
gwhe
nhema
det
hedi
scove
ryt
hatma
dehi
mri
cha
ndf
amous
.
5 Thet
ree
sfr
om wh
ichqui
ni
nei
sde
riv
edgr
owonl
yinSout
hAme
ri
ca.
6 Pe
rki
nhope
dtoma
nuf
act
ureadr
ugf
rom ac
oalt
arwa
stepr
oduc
t.
7 Pe
rki
nwa
sins
pir
edb
ythed
isco
ver
ie
soft
hef
amouss
cie
nti
stLoui
sPa
ste
ur.
1
9
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Page 20
Test 1
Questions 8 – 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
8 Bef
orePerki
n’sdi
scove
ry,wi
thwha
tgr
oupi
nsoci
et
ywa
sth
ecol
ourpur
ple
as
soci
ate
d?
9 Wha
tpot
ent
ia
ldi
dPe
rki
nimme
dia
tel
yunde
rst
andt
hathi
sne
wdyeha
d?
10 Wha
twa
sthena
mef
ina
ll
yus
edt
ore
fert
othef
ir
stcol
ourPe
rki
ninv
ent
ed?
11 Whatwasthena
meo
fth
epe
rsonPe
rki
ncons
ult
edbe
for
ese
tti
nguphi
sownd
ye
works
?
12 I
nwha
tcou
ntr
ydi
dPe
rki
n’sne
wlyi
nve
nte
dcol
ourf
ir
stbe
comef
ashi
ona
ble
?
13 Acco
rdingtothepas
sage,whi
chdi
sea
sei
snowbe
ingt
arg
ete
dbyr
ese
arch
ers
usi
ngs y
nthet
icdyes
?
20
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Page 21
Reading
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 on the following pages.
Questions 14–17
Re
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge2ha
sfi
vepa
ragr
aphs
,A–E.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–vii, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Se
eki
ngt
het
rans
mis
sionofr
adi
osi
gna
lsf
rompl
ane
ts
ii App
ropr
iat
ere
spo
nse
stos
igna
lsf
romot
herc
ivi
l
isa
ti
ons
iii Va
stdi
st
ance
stoEa
rth’
scl
ose
stne
ighbo
urs
iv As
sumpt
ionsun
der
lyi
ngt
hes
ear
chf
ore
xtr
a-t
err
est
ri
ali
nte
ll
ige
nce
v Re
asonsf
ort
hes
ear
chf
ore
xtr
a-t
err
est
ri
ali
nt
el
li
gen
ce
vi Knowl
edgeofe
xtr
a-t
err
est
ri
all
i
fef
orms
vii Li
kel
i
hoodofl
i
feo
not
herpl
ane
ts
Example Answer
Para
graphA v
14 Pa
ragr
aphB
15 Pa
ragr
aphC
16 Pa
ragr
aphD
17 Pa
ragr
aphE
2
1
9781107615502p001-
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Page 22
Test 1
I
STHEREANYBODYOUTTHERE?
TheSe
arc
hforExt
ra-
ter
res
tri
alI
nte
ll
ig
enc
e

The question of whether we are alone in the
Universe has haunted humanity for centuries,
but we may now stand poised on the brink of
the answer to that question, as we search for
radio signals from other intelligent civilisations.
This search, often known by the acronym SETI
(search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a
difficult one. Although groups around the world
have been searching intermittently for three
decades, it is only now that we have reached
the level of technology where we can make a
determined attempt to search all nearby stars
for any sign of life.
A
Thepr ima r
yr e asonf ort hes ea r
c hi sba si
cc urios i
ty–t hes amec ur iositya boutt hena tura l
worldtha tdr i
ve sa llpur escienc e. Wewa ntt ok nowwhe therwea rea lonei nt heUni vers e.
Wewa ntt ok nowwhe therlifee vol vesna tur al
lyi fgive nther i
ghtc ondi tions, orwhe the rther
e
i
ss ome thingve r
ys pe cial
a boutt heEa r
tht oha vef osteredtheva r
ie t
yofl i
fef ormst ha t
wes eea roundusont hepl ane t
. Thes implede tecti
onofar a
dios igna l willbes uffi
c i
e ntt o
answe rthismos tba si
cofa l
l que stions .I
nt hi ss ens e,SETIisa not herc ogi nt hema chine ry
ofpures c i
e ncewhi chi scont inua ll
ypus hingoutt hehor izonofourk nowl edge .
Howe ve r,
thereareot he rreas onsf orbe ingi nt erest
e di nwhe therlif
ee xis
tse lsewhe re.Fore xampl e,
weha veha dc ivil
isa ti
ononEa r
thf orpe r
ha psonl yaf ewt hous andye a r
s ,andt het hre atsof
nuclearwa ra ndpol lutionove rthel as tfewde ca desha vet ol
dust ha tours urviva l
ma ybe
tenuous .Wi l
lwel a sta nothert wot hous andye arsorwi llwewi peour se l
ve sout ?Si nc ethe
l
ifet
imeofapl ane tlikeour siss e ve ralbil
li
onye ars,wec anexpec ttha t,ifothe rcivi
lisa t
ions
dos urvivei nourga l
a xy,t
he irage swi llr
angef romz erotos everalbi l
li
onye a
rs .Thusa ny
othercivili
s at
iont ha twehe a rfromi slikel
yt obef arolder,ona ve r
a ge, thanour sel
ve s .The
me r
ee xi
s t
e nceofs uc hac ivilisationwi l
ltellust ha tlong-terms urviva lispos s ibl
e ,
a ndgi ves
uss omec ausef oropt i
mi s
m. Iti
se ve npos s i
blet ha ttheolde rci
vi l
isationma ypa ssont he
bene f
it
soft he i
re xpe r
iencei nde ali
ngwi tht hrea tstos urvivalsuc ha snuc l
e arwa ra ndgl obal
poll
ution, andot he rt hreatstha tweha ven’ tye tdi scove r
ed.
B
I
ndi scussingwhe t
herwea real
one ,mostSETIs c i
enti
s t
sadoptt wogr oundr ules.
First
,
UFOs( Uni denti
fiedFlyingObj e
cts)a r
ege neral
lyignoreds incemos tscientis
tsdon’t
considerthee videnceforthe mtobes tr
onge nought obe arseri
ousc ons i
de r
ati
on
(
a l
thoughi tisalsoimpor t
anttok eepanope nmi ndi nc a
sea nyre a
ll
yc onvi nci
nge vi
dence
eme r
gesint hefuture).Second,wema keave ryc onservati
vea ssumptiont hatwea re
l
ook i
ngf oral i
feformtha ti
spr e
ttywe ll
li
k eus ,
sinceifitdiffe
rsradical
lyfromuswema y
wellnotrec ogniseitasal i
fefor
m, quit
ea partfr
omwhe t
herwea rea bl
et oc ommunicate
22
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Page 23
Reading
wit
hit.I
notherwords,t
helifefor
mwea relooki
ngformaywe l
l havetwogree
nhe ads
andsevenfi
ngers
,butitwil
l never
the
lessr
e se
mbleusinthati
ts houl
dc ommuni
catewit
h
i
tsfel
l
ows ,
beinter
estedintheUniverse
,li
veonapl a
netorbit
ingas t
arli
keourSun,and
per
hapsmos tr
est
ri
c t
ivel
y,ha veachemi
str
y, l
i
keus,base
donc arbonandwater
.
23/120
Evenwhe nwema ket heseassumpt ions,ourunde rst
andingofotherli
feformsi ssti
l
l
severelyli
mited.Wedonote venk now, f
ore x
ampl e
,howma nysta
rsha vepl a
ne t
s,andwe
cert
ainlydonotk nowhowl ik
e l
yiti sthatli
fewillar
isenatural
l
y,gi
ve nther i
ghtconditi
ons
.
Howe ve r
,whe nwel ookatthe1 0
0bi l
li
ons t
a r
sinourga lax
y( t
heMi l
kyWa y),and100
bil
li
onga lax
iesintheobs er
vableUni ver
se,itseemsinconc ei
vabl
ethata tleas
toneof
theseplanetsdoesnotha veal i
fef ormoni t;i
nf act
,thebe s
teducatedgue sswec an
ma k
e, usi
ngt heli
tt
lethatwedok nowa boutthec ondit
ionsforcar
bon-ba sedli
fe,l
eadsus
toestimatethatperhapsonein1 00 ,
0 00star
smi ghthaveal i
fe-
bear
ingpla netorbi
ti
ng
i
t.Tha tmeanst ha
tourne ar
e stneighbour sarepe r
haps1 00li
ghtyear
sa wa y,whichis
almostne x
tdoorina str
onomic al
te rms.
D
Ana l
ienc ivil
isationc ouldc hoos ema nydi ffe
rentwa ysofs endi ngi nforma ti
ona cros st he
galaxy,butma nyoft he see i
the rrequiretoomuc he ne rgy, orelsea res everel
ya ttenua ted
whiletrave rsi
ngt heva stdi s
ta ncesa crosst hega l
axy. Itt urnsoutt ha t,
foragi vena mount
oftransmi ttedpowe r,radiowa vesi nthef requencyr a nge1 000to3 00 0MHzt ravel t
he
greatestdis t
a nce ,ands oa llsea r
che stoda teha vec onc entrat
e donl ook i
ngf orradiowa ves
i
nt hisfreque nc yr ange. Sofa rthereha vebe enanumbe rofs earche sbyva riousgr oups
aroundt hewor l
d, i
ncludi ngAus tr
a l
ians earchesus ingt her a
diot el
e scopea tPa r
k es,Ne w
SouthWa les.Unt ilnowt hereha venotbe e nanyde tectionsf romt hef ewhundr eds tars
whichha vebe ens earche d.Thes caleofthes ear
che sha sbe eni nc reaseddr ama t
icallys ince
1992,whe ntheUSCongr essvot edNASA$ 1
0mi ll
ionpe ryearfort e nye arstoc onduc ta
thoroughs earc hfore xtra-t
errestri
al l
if
e.Muc hoft hemone yint hispr ojectisbe i
ngs pe nt
onde ve l
opi ngt hes pe cialhardwa rene ede dtos earchma nyfreque nc i
esa tonc e.Thepr oject
hast wopa rt
s .Onepa rtisat argeteds earchus i
ngt hewor l
d’sla rges tradi
ot e l
escope s, the
Ame rican-ope ratedt el
e scopei nAr eci
bo, Pue r
toRi coa ndt heFr e ncht ele
s copeinNa nc y
i
nFr anc e.Thi spa rtoft hepr ojectiss ear
c hingthene are st1000l ikelys tar
swi t
hhi gh
sensiti
vityf ors ignalsint hef r
e quenc yrange1 000to3 00 0MHz .Theot he rpa r
toft he
projectisa nundi re
c t
eds ear
c hwhi c hismoni tori
nga llofs pacewi thal owe rs ensiti
vity, usi
ng
thes mall
e rant enna sofNASA’ sDe e pSpa ceNe twor k.
E
The r
ei sconsiderablede bateove rhowwes houldr eactifwede t
e ctasignalfr
oma na l
ien
civi
li
sa t
ion.Everybodya gre esthatwes houldnotr eplyimme diately.Quiteapartfromt he
i
mpr actica
li
tyofs endi ngar eplyove rs uchl argedistance satshor tnotice,i
trai
se sahos t
ofethicalquesti
onst hatwoul dha vet obea ddressedbyt hegl obal communitybe forea ny
repl
yc ouldbes ent .Woul dthehuma nr acefa cethec ult
ur eshoc kiffacedwithas uperi
or
andmuc holdercivili
s at
ion?Luc k
il
y, the r
eisnour genc ya boutthis .
Thes tar
sbe ing
searcheda rehundr edsofl ightyearsa wa y,s oittakeshundr e
dsofye a
rsfortheirs i
gnal t
o
reachus ,andafur therfewhundr edye arsforourr eplytor eacht hem. I
t’snotimpor tant,
then,ifthere’
sade l
ayofaf e
wye ar
s, orde cade s
, whilethehuma nr acedebatesthe
questionofwhe the rtore ply,andpe rha psc aref
ullydra f
tsar eply.
2
3
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Page 24
Test 1
Questions 18–20

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 18–20 on your answer sheet.
18 Wha
tist
hel
i
fee
xpe
cta
ncyofEa
rth
?
19 Whatk
indo
fsi
gna
lsf
rom ot
heri
nte
ll
ige
ntci
vi
li
sat
ion
sar
eSETIs
cie
nti
st
sse
arc
hing
f
or?
20 How ma
nys
tar
sar
ethewor
ld’
smos
tpowe
rfulr
adi
ote
les
cope
sse
arc
hing?
Questions 21–26
Dot
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntsa
gre
ewi
tht
hevi
ewsoft
hewr
it
eri
nRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge2
?
In boxes 21–26 on your answer sheet, write
YES i
fthest
ate
mentagre
eswiththevi
ewsoft
hewrit
er
NO i
fthest
ate
mentcontr
adi
ct
st hevi
ewsoft
hewri
ter
NOT GIVEN i
fiti
simposs
ibl
etosaywh a
tthewri
te
rthi
nksa
boutt
hi
s
21 Al
i
enciv
il
is
ati
onsma
ybea
blet
ohe
lpt
hehuma
nra
cet
oove
rco
mes
eri
ous
pr
obl
ems.
22 SETIs
cie
nti
st
sar
etr
yingt
ofi
ndal
i
fef
ormt
hatr
ese
mbl
eshu
mansi
nma
nywa
ys.
23 TheAme
rica
nsa
ndAus
tra
li
ansha
veco
-ope
rat
edonj
oi
ntr
ese
archp
roj
ect
s.
24 Sof
arSETIs
cie
nti
st
sha
vep
icke
dupr
adi
osi
gna
lsf
roms
eve
ral
sta
rs.
25 TheNASAp
roj
ecta
ttr
act
edcr
it
ici
smf
roms
omeme
mbe
rsofCongr
ess
.
26 I
fas
igna
lfr
om out
ers
pacei
sre
cei
ved,i
twi
l
lbei
mpor
tantt
ore
spondpr
ompt
ly.
24
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Page 25
Reading
READING PASSAGE 3

Passage 3 below.
Thehi
st
oryoft
het
ort
ois
e
I
fyougoba
ckf
are
nou
gh,e
ver
ythi
ngl
i
ved t
heirr
emoteance
stor
s.The
ydo n
’teve
n
i
nthes
ea.Atva
riouspoi
ntsi
nevol
uti
ona
ry comeashor
etobreed
.Theydo,however
,
hi
st
ory,ent
erpri
si
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
swi
thi
n s
ti
llbr
eat
heai
r,havi
ngneve
rd e
v e
lope
d
manydif
fer
en ta
nima
lgr
oupsmove
dout a
nythi
ngequi
val
entt
othegil
l
so fthe
ir
ont
otheland,s
ometi
meseventoth
e e
arl
ie
rmar
inei
nca
rnat
ion.Tur
tl
eswent
mostpar
che dd
ese
rts
,ta
kingthe
irown ba
cktot
heseaaver
ylongti
mea goa
nd,
pr
iva
tes
eawa
terwi
tht
hemi
nbl
ooda
nd l
i
kea
llve
rte
bra
ter
etur
nee
stot
hewa
ter
,
ce
ll
ula
rfl
ui
ds.I
na dd
iti
ontother
ept
il
es, t
heybrea
thea
ir
.Howeve
r,the
yar
e ,i
no ne
bi
rds
,mamma l
sandinsect
swhic
hwe r
espe
ct,l
essf
ull
ygi
venbac
ktothewa t
er
s
eeal
lar
oundus,ot
hergro
up st
hathave t
hanwhale
sordugon
gs,f
ort
urt
le
sst
il
ll
ay
s
ucce
ededouto
fwa t
erinc
ludescor
pions
, t
hei
reggsonbe
aches
.
s
nai
l
s,cr
ust
ace
anss
ucha
swood
li
cea
nd The
rei
sevi
denc
etha
tal
lmode
rn
l
andcra
bs,mi
ll
ip
ede
sandcent
ipe
des
, t
urt
le
sarede
sce
ndedfr
om at
err
est
ri
al
s
pide
rsandva
rio
usworms
.Andwe a
ncest
orwhi
chli
vedbe
for
emostofthe
mustn’
tfor
gett
hepla
nts,wi
t
houtwho
se di
nosa
urs.Therearet wok eyf o s
sil
s
pr
iorin
vasi
onofth
elandnon
eoftheo
the
r ca
ll
edProganochelys quenstedti and
mi
gra
ti
onsco
uldha
veh
appe
ned. Palaeochersis talampayensis d
ati
ng
Mo vi
ngf
rom wat
ertol
andinvol
ved f
rome
arl
ydino
sau
rtimes,whi
chappe
ar
ama
jorre
des
ignofe
veryas
pectofli
fe, t
obecl
oset
otheance
str
yo fa
llmo
dern
i
ncludi
ngbrea
thi
nga ndr
epr
oducti
on. t
urt
lesan
dtor
toi
ses
.Youmightwo n
der
Nevert
hel
ess
,ago odnumberof how wecant
el
lwh e
the
rfos
sila
nimal
s
t
horoughgoi
nglandani
mal
slat
ertur
ned l
i
vedonlan
do ri
nwate
r,espe
cia
ll
yif
a
round,abandone
dthei
rhar
d-ear
ned onl
yfr
agment
saref
ound.Someti
mes
t
err
est
ri
alr
e-t
ool
i
ng,a
ndr
etur
nedt
o i
t’
sobvi
ous
.Icht
hyo
saur
swe
rer
ept
il
i
an
thewat
era
gain.Se
alshaveonl
ygone con
tempora
ri
esoft
hed i
nosa
urs,wit
hfins
partwa
yback.Theyshow uswha
tthe a
nds t
rea
mlin
edbodi
es.Thefos
s i
l
slook
i
nte
rme
dia
tesmightha
vebeenl
i
ke,on l
i
ked ol
phi
nsandt
heysur
el
yli
vedli
ke
t
hewaytoext
remecasess
uchaswhale
s dol
phi
ns,i
nthewat
er.Wit
htu
rtl
esi
tisa
a
nddug
ongs
.Wh
ale
s(i
ncl
udi
ngt
hes
mal
l l
i
ttl
ele
ssobvi
ous
.Onewa
ytot
el
li
sby
whal
eswecalldolphi
ns)andd
ugongs, me
asur
ingthebone
softhe
irf
ore
li
mbs.
wi
ththe
ircl
osec ousi
nsthemana
tee
s, Wa l
terJ
o ycea
ndJa
cquesGaut
hie
r,
ceas
edtobela
ndc r
e a
tur
esal
toge
ther atYa
leUni
ver
sit
y,obt
ai
nedthr
ee
andreve
rte
dtoth
ef ul
lmari
nehabi
tsof meas
ureme
ntsinth
esepa
rti
cul
arbo
nes
2
5
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Page 26
Test 1
of71s
peci
esofl
i
vin
gtur
tl
esa
ndt
ort
ois
es. no
t.I
fyoud
rawoutt
hef
ami
l
ytr
eeo
f
The
yus
edaki
ndoft
ri
ang
ula
rgr
aphpa
per a
llmod
ernt
urt
le
san
dtor
toi
ses
,ne
arl
y
t
opl
ott
het
hre
eme
asur
eme
ntsa
gai
nst a
llt
hebr
anch
esa
rea
qua
ti
c.To
day’
s
onea
not
her
.Al
lthel
andt
ort
ois
espe
cie
s l
andt
ort
ois
escons
ti
tut
eas
ingl
ebr
anch
,
f
ormedati
ghtcl
uste
rofpoi
ntsintheupp
er dee
plynes
tedamongbra
nchescons
ist
in
g
pa
rtoft
hetr
iang
le;a
llt
hewatertur
tl
es ofaqua
ti
cturt
le
s.Thi
ssugge
stst
hat
cl
ust
erint
hel
owerpar
tofthetri
angul
ar mode
rnl
andtort
ois
esha
venots
taye
d
gr
aph.The
rewasnoover
lap,e
xceptwh e
n onl
andcont
in
uousl
ysi
ncet
heti
meo fP.
t
heya
dde
dsomes
peci
est
hats
pendt
ime quenstedti a
ndP. talampayensis.Ra
the
r,
bothi
nwat
erandonla
nd.Sur
eenough, t
hei
rances
tor
swereamongt
hos
ewh o
t
h e
seamph
ibi
ouss
peci
esshow u
ponthe wentba
cktothewat
er,a
ndt
heythe
nre-
t
ri
ang
ulargra
phapproxi
matel
yhal
fwa y eme
rge
db ac
ko nt
othel
andi
n(r
ela
ti
vel
y)
be
tweenthe‘we
tcluste
r’ofl
andtor
toi
ses mor
erece
ntti
mes.
a
ndt
he‘
drycl
ust
er’ofs
eat
urt
le
s.Then
ext To
rtoi
sest
her
efor
ere
pre
senta
s
tepwastodete
rminewhe reth efos
sil
s r
emar
kabl
edoubl
ere
tur
n.I
nc ommo n
f
el
l.Thebone
so fP. quenstedti a
ndP. wi
thal
lmammal
s,re
pti
l
esandbir
ds,the
ir
talampayensis l
eaveu
sinn odoubt.Thei
r r
emotea
nc e
stor
swe r
emarin
ef i
sha
n d
pointsonthegr apharer
ighti
nt hethi
ck be
for
ethatvar
iousmoreo
rlessworm-l
ike
ofthedryclus
ter
.Bot
hthes
efoss
il
swe r
e cr
eat
ure
sst
ret
chi
ngb ack,st
il
li
nthesea,t
o
dry-
lan
dt or
toi
ses
.Theycomefr
omt heer
a t
hepri
meva
lbact
eri
a.Laterance
stor
sli
ved
be
for
eourt
urt
le
sre
tur
nedt
othewa
ter
. onl
anda
nds
taye
dthe
ref
orave
ryl
ar
ge
Youmightt
hink
,ther
efor
e,t
hatmode
rn nu
mb erofgene
rat
i
ons
.Lat
erance
stor
sst
i
ll
l
andt
ort
ois
eshaveproba
blyst
aye
do n e
volve
db acki
ntot
hewat
eran
db eca
me
l
andeve
rsi
ncetho
see
arl
yter
rest
ri
al s
eatu
rtl
es.Andf
ina
ll
ytheyret
urn
edye
t
t
imes
,asmostmammal
sdidaf
terafe
wof a
gai
ntothela
ndastor
toi
ses
,someof
t
hem we
ntba
ckt
othes
ea.Bu
tappa
rent
ly wh
ichno
wli
vei
nthedr
ies
tofde
ser
ts.
26
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Page 27
Reading

Questions 27–30
27 Wha
tha
dtot
rans
ferf
roms
eat
ola
ndbe
for
eanya
nima
lsco
uldmi
gra
te?
28 WhichTWO pr
oces
sesa
rement
ione
dast
hos
einwhi
cha
nima
lsha
dtoma
kebi
g
change
sast
heymove
dont
oland?
29 Whi
chphy
sic
alf
eat
ure
,po
sse
sse
dbyt
hei
rance
stor
s,dowha
lesl
ack?
30 Whi
cha
nima
lsmi
ghti
cht
hyos
aur
sha
ver
ese
mbl
ed?
Questions 31–33
Dot
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntsa
gre
ewi
tht
hei
nfor
mat
iongi
veni
nRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge3?
TRUE i
fth
es t
ate
mentagr
eeswitht
heinfor
mat
ion
FALSE i
fth
es t
ate
mentcont
radi
ctst
heinf
ormat
ion
NOT GIVEN i
fth
ereisnoi
nfor
ma t
iononthi
s
31 Tur
tl
eswe
rea
mongt
hef
ir
stgr
oupofa
nima
lst
omi
gra
teb
ackt
othes
ea.
32 I
tisal
waysdif
fi
cultt
ode
ter
minewhe
rea
nani
mall
i
vedwhe
nit
sfos
sil
i
sedr
ema
ins
ar
eincompl
ete
.
33 Thehabi
ta
tofi
cht
hyo
sau
rsca
nbede
ter
mine
dbyt
hea
ppe
ara
nceoft
hei
rfos
sil
i
sed
re
ma i
ns.
2
7
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Page 28
Test 1
file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

Questions 34–39
Complete the flow-chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
Method of determining where the ancestors of

turtles and tortoises come from
Step 1
71s
pecie
sofli
vi
ngtur
tl
esandtor
toi
seswer
eexa
mine
dan
dat
ota
lof34
wer
etakenf
romthebone
softhei
rforel
i
mbs.
Step 2
Theda
tawa
sre
cor
dedo
na35 (
nece
ssa
ryf
orc
ompa
ri
ngt
hei
nfor
mat
io
n).
Out
come:La
ndt
ort
ois
eswe
rer
epr
ese
nte
dbyade
nse36 ofpoi
ntst
owa
rds
t
hetop.
Se
atur
tl
eswe
reg
roupe
dtoge
the
rint
hebo
ttompa
rt.
Step 3
Thesa
meda t
awa
scol
l
ect
edf
roms
omel
i
ving37 s
pec
iesa
nda
dde
dtot
he
ot
herr
esul
ts
.
Out
come:Thepoi
ntsf
orthe
sespeci
estur
nedoutt
obeposit
i
one
dabou
t38
upt
hetr
iang
lebet
weenthel
andtor
toi
sesandt
heseat
urt
le
s.
Step 4
Bone
sofP. quenstedti a
ndP. talampayensis we
ree
xami
nedi
nas
imi
l
arwa
yandt
he
re
sul
tsa
dded.
Outc
ome
:Th
epos
it
ionoft
hepo
int
sindi
cat
edt
hatbot
hthe
sea
nci
entc
rea
tur
eswe
re
39 .
28
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Page 29

10/14/12
Reading
Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.
Accor
dingt
othewr
it
er,t
hemos
tsi
gni
fi
cantt
hi
nga
boutt
ort
ois
esi
stha
t
At
heyar
ea bl
et oadaptt
olif
einext
remel
ydryenvir
onments
.
Bt
hei
ror
igina
llif
ef or
m wasak i
ndofpri
mevalbact
eri
a.
Ct
heyhavesomu chincommonwi t
hseatur
tl
es.
Dt
heyhavema dethetra
nsi
ti
onfromseatola
ndmo retha
no n
ce.
2
9
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Page 30

Test 1
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout20mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of
some tourist facilities.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
30
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09

Page 31
Writing
WRITING TASK 2
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout40mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
Wr
it
eaboutt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
c:
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign
language at primary school rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Gi
v er
easonsforyourans
wera
ndi
ncl
udea
nyr
ele
vante
xampl
esf
romyourown
knowl
edgeo rexpe
rie
nce.
Wr
it
eatl
eas
t25
0wor
ds.
3
1
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Page 32
Test 1
SPEAKING
PART 1
Theexa
mineras
kstheca
ndi
dat
eabouthi
m/he
rse
lf,hi
s/
herho
me,wor
kors
tudi
esa
nd
ot
herf
amil
i
artopi
cs.
EXAMPLE
Games
•Whatgamesarepopul
arinyourcount
ry?[Why?]
•Doyouplayanygames?[Wh y/
Wh ynot?]
•How dopeopl
elea
rntoplaygamesinyourcoun
try?
•Doyouthinki
t’si
mporta
ntforpeopl
etop l
ayga
me s
?[Wh
y/Wh
ynot
?]
PART 2
Describe an open-air or street Youwi llha

v etota
lkab outthetopi
c
market which you enjoyed visiting. foronetotwomi n
utes.Yo uh a
veo ne
minutetothinkaboutwh atyoua r
e
You should say:
goingtosay.Yo ucanma k esome
where the market is
notestohelpyouify ouwi sh
.
what the market sells
how big the market is
and explain why you enjoyed
visiting this market.
PART 3
Discussion topics:
Shopping at markets
Example questions:
Dop eopl
ei nyo urc ountryenj
oygoingtoopen-a
irma r
ketsthatse
llt
hin
gsli
kefoodor
cl
othesoro ldob j
ects?Wh i
chtypeofma r
ketismo r
ep opula
r?Wh y?
Doy outhinkma r
ke tsaremoresuit
ablepl
acesforsel
li
ngc ert
aint
ypesofthi
ngs
?Wh i
ch
ones
?Whydoyout hinkthi
sis?
Doy outhinky oungp eopl
efeelt
hesamea bouts
h oppi
nga tmarket
sasolde
rpeopl
e?
Whyi sthat?
Shopping in general
Example questions:
Whatdoy out hinka r
et h
ea dvan
tage
sofb uyi
ngt
hing
sfromshopsrat
hert
hanmarket
s?
How doesa dv ertis
inginf
luencewhatpeopl
echoos
etobuy?I
sthistr
ueforeve
ryone
?
Doy outhinkt ha tanyrecentchange
sinthewaypeopl
eli
veha
vea f
fect
edgene
ral
shoppi
ngh abits?Wh yisthis?
32

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Page 33
Te
st2
LISTENING
Complete the form below.
Accommodation Form – Student Information
Example
Typ
eofa
ccommo
dat
i
on: h
all ofr
esi
denc
e
Na
me: Anu1
Da
teofbi
rt
h: 2
Cou
ntr
yofor
igi
n: I
ndi
a
Cou
rseofs
tudy: 3
Numb
erofye
arspl
anne
dinha
ll
: 4
Pr
efe
rre
dca
ter
inga
rra
nge
ment
: ha
lfbo
ard
Spe
cia
ldi
et
aryr
equi
reme
nts
: no5 (
red
)
Pr
efe
rre
droomt
ype
: as
ingl
e6
I
nte
res
ts: t
he7
ba
dmi
nton
3
3
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Page 34
Test 2
Pr
ior
it
ie
sincho
iceofh
all
: t
obewi
thot
hers
tude
ntswhoa
re
8
t
oli
veo
uts
idet
he9
t
oha
vea10 a
reaf
ors
oci
al
is
ing
Con
tactph
onen
umbe
r: 66
7549
34
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Page 35
Listening
Questions 11–13
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Parks and open spaces
Name of place Of particular interest Open
Ha
ll
andCommon s
our
ceo
fRi
verOus
e 24hou
rs
Hol
tIs
land ma
nydi
ff
ere
nt be
twe
en12
11 a
nd
Longf
ie
ldCoun
tryPa
rk r
eco
nst
ruc
ti
onofa da
yli
ghtho
urs
2,
000-
yea
r-ol
d
13 wi
th
a
cti
vi
ti
esf
orch
il
dre
n
Questions 14–16
Longfield Park
14 Aspa
rtofMonda
y’sa
cti
vi
ty,vi
si
tor
swi
l
l
Ap re
parefo
odwi t
hh e
rbs.
B meetawell
-knownherba
li
st
.
Cd yecl
othwithher
bs.
15 Fort
hea
cti
vi
tyonWe
dne
sda
y,
Aonl
ygr oupbook
ingsar
eaccep
ted.
Bvi
si
torsshoul
dbookinadva
nce.
Cat
ten
da ncei
sfre
e.
16 Fort
hea
cti
vi
tyonSa
tur
day,vi
si
tor
ssho
uld
Ac omeinsui
ta
blecl
othi
ng.
B makesur
etheyar
ea bl
etosta
yfort
h ewhol
eday
.
Ctellt
hera
ngersbe
foretheeve
ntwhatthe
ywisht
odo.
3
5
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Page 36
Test 2
Questions 17–20
Label the map below.
Write the correct letter, A–I, next to questions 17–20.
Hinchingbrooke Park
Lake
17 bi
rdhi
de
18 do
g-wa
lki
nga
rea
19 f
lowe
rga
rde
n
20 wo
ode
dar
ea
36
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Page 37
Listening
Questions 21–24
Self-Access Centre
21 St
ude
ntswa
ntt
oke
ept
heSe
lf-
Acce
ssCe
ntr
ebe
caus
e
At
heyenj
oythevar
iet
yofequi
pment
.
Bt
heyl
ikebe
ingabl
etowo rkont
hei
rown.
Ci
tisa
nimporta
ntpartoft
hei
rst
udi
es.
22 Somet
eac
her
swo
uldpr
efe
rto
Ac l
osetheSelf
-Acce
ssCentr
e .
B movetheSelf
-AccessCe
ntreels
ewh
ere.
Cr e
str
ictacce
sstotheSel
f-
Acc es
sCent
re.
23 Thes
tude
nts
’ma
inconce
rna
boutus
ingt
hel
i
bra
rywoul
dbe
At
hesizeoft
hel
ibr
ary.
Bdi
ff
icul
tyi
nget
ti
nghelp.
Ct
helackofmat
eri
al
s.
24 TheDi
rect
orofSt
udi
esi
sconc
erne
dabout
At
hecos
tofupgra
dingthecent
re.
Bt
hel
ackofspa
ceinthec e
ntr
e.
Ct
hedi
ff
icu
ltyi
nsupervi
si
ngthecent
re.

3
7
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Page 38
Test 2
Questions 25–30
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Necessary improvements to the existing Self-Access Centre
Equipment
Re
pla
ceco
mput
erst
ocr
eat
emor
espa
ce.
Resources
Thele
velo
fthe25 ma
ter
ial
s,i
npa
rti
cul
ar,s
houl
dbemo
recl
ear
ly
shown.
Upd
atet
he26 col
l
ect
io
n.
Bu
ysome27 a
ndd
ivi
det
hemup.
Use of the room
Sp
eakt
othet
eac
her
sandor
gani
sea28 f
ors
upe
rvi
si
ngt
hece
ntr
e.
I
nst
al
lan29 .
Re
str
ictpe
rsona
lus
eof30 onc
omput
ers
.
39/120
10/14/12
38
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09
Page 39
Listening
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Business Cultures
Power culture
Cha
ract
eri
st
icsofor
gan
isa
ti
on •s
mal
l
•31 po
wers
our
ce
•f
ewr
ule
sandpr
oce
dur
es
•commun
ica
ti
onby32
Adv
ant
age
: •ca
nactqui
ckl
y
Di
sadv
ant
age
: •mi
ghtno
tact33
Sui
ta
blee
mpl
oye
e: •nota
fra
idof34
•doe
sn’
tne
edj
obs
ecur
it
y
Role culture
Cha
ract
eri
st
icsofor
gan
isa
ti
on: •l
arge
,ma
ny35
•s
peci
al
is
edde
par
tme
nts
•r
ule
sandp
roc
edur
e,e
.g.j
ob
36 a
ndr
ule
sfor
di
sci
pl
ine

3
9
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Page 40
Test 2
Adva
nta
ges
: •e
conomi
esofs
cal
e
•s
ucce
ssf
ulwhe
n37
a
bil
i
tyi
simpor
tant
Di
sadva
nta
ges
: •s
lowt
ose
ewhe
n38 i
s
ne
ede
d
•s
lowt
ore
act
Sui
t
abl
eempl
oye
e: •va
lue
sse
cur
it
y
•do
esn
’twa
nt39
Task culture
Cha
ract
eri
st
icsofor
gani
sat
i
on: •pr
oje
ctor
ie
nta
ted
•i
ncompe
ti
ti
vema
rke
torma
kingpr
oduc
t
wi
t
hsho
rtl
i
fe
•al
otofde
lega
ti
on
Adva
nta
ge: •40
Di
sadva
nta
ges
: •noe
con
omi
esofs
cal
eors
peci
al
e
xpe
rti
se
Sui
t
abl
eempl
oye
e: •l
i
kest
owor
king
roups

10/14/12
40
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Page 41
Reading
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
Passage 1 below.
A Hear
ingi
mpa
irme
ntorot
hera
udi
tor
yfunc
tionde
fic
iti
nyoungc
hil
dre
nca
nha
veama
jori
mpa
ct
onthei
rde
velopmentofspe
echandcommuni
cat
ion,r
esul
ti
nginadet
ri
ment
alef
fectonthe
ir
abi
l
ityt
olear
na ts
chool.
Thisi
sli
kel
ytohavemajorc
onseque
ncesf
orthei
ndi
viduala
ndthe
popul
ati
ona
sawhole.TheNewZe a
landMini
str
yofHe a
lthhasf
oundfr
omre s
earc
hcar
ri
edout
overt
wodecade
stha
t6 –1
0% ofc
hil
dreni
nthatcount
ryareaf
fec
tedbyhea
ringlos
s.
B Apr
eli
mina
rys
tudyi
nNe
wZe
ala
ndha
sshownt
hatc
las
sroomnoi
sepr
ese
ntsama
jor
c
oncer
nforte
acher
sa ndpupi
ls
.Moder
nt e
achi
ngprac
tic
es,theorga
nis
a t
ionofdesk
s
i
nthecl
ass
room,poorcla
ssr
oomacous
tic
s,andmec
hanical
me ansofvent
ila
tions
uchas
a
ir-
condi
ti
oni
ngunit
sallcont
ri
but
etothenumberofc
hildre
nunabl
etocompr
ehendt
he
t
eacher
’svoi
ce.
Educat
ionrese
arc
her
sNe l
sonandSolihaveal
sosugge
ste
dthatr
ece
nt
t
rendsinlea
rni
ngoft
eninvol
vecol
l
aborati
vei
nter
act
ionofmul
ti
plemi
ndsa
ndt ool
sasmuch
a
si ndi
vidua
lposs
essi
onofinf
orma
tion.
Thisal
lamountst
ohei
ghtene
dact
ivi
tyandnoi
se
l
eve
ls,whi
chhavethepot
enti
alt
obepar
ti
cul
arl
yser
iousf
orchi
l
drenexper
ienc
ingaudi
tor
y
f
unct
iondef
ici
t.Noi
sei
nclas
sroomsc
anonlyex
ace
rbatet
hei
rdi
ffi
cul
tyincompre
hendi
ng
a
ndpr
oce
ssi
ngve
rba
lcommuni
cat
ionwi
thot
herc
hil
dre
nandi
nst
ruc
tionsf
romt
het
eac
her
.
C Chi
l
dre
nwi
tha
udi
tor
yfunc
tionde
fic
ita
repot
ent
ial
l
yfa
il
ingt
ole
arnt
othe
irma
ximum
pot
ent
ial
beca
useofnoi
seleve
lsgener
ate
dincl
ass
rooms.Theef
fect
sofnoi
seontheabil
i
ty
ofc
hil
dre
ntolea
rnef
fec
tive
lyi
ntypic
alcl
ass
roomenvi
ronment
sarenowthesubj
ectof
i
ncr
eas
ingconce
rn.TheInt
erna
ti
onalI
nst
it
uteofNois
eContr
olEngi
nee
ring
(
I–I
NCE),ont
headviceoft
heWor l
dHeal
thOrgani
zat
ion,
hasest
abl
i
shedanint
erna
tiona
l
work
ingpart
y,whi
chi
ncl
ude
sNe
wZe
ala
nd,
toe
val
uat
enoi
sea
ndr
eve
rbe
rat
ionc
ont
rol
for
sc
hoolrooms.
D Whi
l
ethede
tri
ment
ale
ffe
ctsofnoi
sei
ncl
ass
rooms
itua
tionsa
renotl
i
mit
edt
ochi
l
dre
n
ex
peri
enci
ngdis
abi
lit
y,t
hosewi
thadis
abi
li
tytha
taff
ect
sthei
rpr
ocess
ingofs
peec hand
ver
balcommuni
cat
ioncoul
dbeext
reme
lyvul
nera
ble
.Theaudi
tor
yfuncti
onde
fic
itsin
ques
tioni
ncl
udehea
ri
ngimpa
irme
nt,
aut
ist
ics
pec
trumdi
sor
der
s(ASD)a
nda
tte
nti
onde
fic
it
di
sorder
s(ADD/ADHD).

E Aut
ismi
scons
ide
redane
urol
ogi
cal
andge
net
icl
i
fe-
longdi
sor
dert
hatc
aus
esdi
scr
epa
nci
es
i
nthewa
yinf
orma
tioni
spr
oce
sse
d.Thi
sdi
sor
deri
scha
rac
ter
ise
dbyi
nte
rli
nki
ngpr
obl
ems
wi
thsoci
ali
magi
nati
on,s
ocia
lcommunic
ati
ona ndsoc
ial
int
era
cti
on.Accor
dingtoJanz
en,
t
hisa
ffe
ctst
heabil
i
tytounders
tanda
ndr e
lat
eintypi
cal
waystopeopl
e,unders
tandevent
s
andobje
ctsint
heenvir
onment
,andunde
rst
andorre
spondtos
ens
orys
timuli
.Auti
smdoes
notal
l
owl ea
rni
ngorthi
nki
nginthesa
mewaysasinchi
ldr
enwhoar
ede
ve l
opingnor
mal
ly.
4
1
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09
Page 42
Test 2
Auti
sti
cs pe
ctr
umdisorde
rsoft
enre
s ul
tinmaj
ordi
ff
icul
ti
esi
ncompre
hendi
ngverba
l
i
nfor
mationandspe
ec hproc
essi
ng.Thoseex
peri
enci
ngthes
edis
order
soft
enf
indsounds
suchascrowdnoi
seandthenois
egene
rat
edbyma chine
rypai
nfulanddist
ress
ing.
Thisis
dif
fi
cul
ttosci
ent
if
ica
ll
yquanti
fyass
uchext
ra-
sens
or ysti
mul
ivarygrea
tlyfr
omonea ut
ist
ic
i
ndi
vidua
l t
oanother
.Butachi
ldwhofi
ndsanyt
ypeofnoi
seinthe
irc
lass
roomorl
ear
ning
s
paceint
rusi
veisli
kel
ytobeadver
sel
yaff
ect
edi
nthei
rabi
l
itytopr
ocessi
nfor
mati
on.
F Thea
tte
nti
onde
fic
itdi
sor
der
sar
eindi
cat
iveofne
urol
ogi
cal
andge
net
icdi
sor
der
sanda
re
c
harac
teri
sedbydif
fi
cul
ti
eswit
hsust
aini
ngat
tent
ion,
eff
ortandpe
rsi
ste
nce,or
gani
sat
ion
s
kil
l
sa nddisi
nhi
bi
ti
on.Chi
ldr
enex
peri
enci
ngthes
edisor
dersfi
ndi
tdi
ffi
cul
ttoscr
eenout
uni
mport
anti
nfor
ma t
ion,a
ndfoc
usonever
ythi
ngint
heenvir
onmentrat
herthana t
tendi
ng
toasi
ngl
eact
ivit
y.Backgr
oundnoi
sei
nthecla
ssr
oombe
c omesamajordis
trac
tion,whic
h
c
ana
ffe
ctt
hei
rabi
l
ityt
oconc
ent
rat
e.
G Chi
l
dre
nex
per
ienc
inga
naudi
tor
yfunc
tionde
fic
itc
anof
tenf
inds
pee
cha
ndc
ommuni
cat
ion
ver
ydif
fi
cul
ttois
ola
tea
ndproc
esswhe nsetagai
nsthi
ghle
velsofbac
kgroundnois
e.
Thesel
evel
scomefr
omout
si
dea c
tivi
ti
est
ha tpe
netr
atet
hecla
ssroomstr
uctur
e,f
rom
t
eac
hingac t
ivi
ti
es,andot
hernoi
sege
nera
tedinsi
de,
whichc
anbeexa
cerba
tedbyroom
r
ever
bera
tion.Str
ate
giesa
reneede
dtoobtai
ntheopt
imumcl
ass
roomconst
ruct
ionand
per
hapsacha
ngeinc
las
sroomc ul
tur
eandme
thodsofte
achi
ng.Inpar
ti
cul
ar,
thee
ffec
ts
ofnoi
sycl
ass
roomsa
nda ct
ivi
ti
esonthos
eex
peri
enci
ngdisa
bil
i
tiesi
nthef
ormofaudi
tor
y
f
uncti
ondef
ici
tne
e dt
hor
oughi
nve
s t
igat
ion.I
tisprobablet
hatmanyundi
agnose
dchil
dre
n
e
xis
tinthee
ducat
ionsys
temwi
th‘
invis
ible
’disabi
l
iti
es.Thei
rnee
dsarele
ssli
kel
ytobeme t
t
hant
hos
eofc
hil
dre
nwi
thk
nowndi
sabi
l
iti
es.
H TheNewZe
ala
ndGove
rnme
ntha
sde
vel
ope
daNe
wZe
ala
ndDi
sabi
l
itySt
rat
egya
ndha
s
e
mba
rke
donawi
de-
rangi
ngc
ons
ult
ati
onpr
oce
ss.
Thes
tra
tegyr
ecogni
sest
hatpe
opl
e
e
xpe
rie
nci
ngdis
abili
tyf
acesi
gni
fi
cantba
rri
ersi
nac
hievi
ngaful
lqual
i
tyofl
if
einar
eassuch
a
satt
it
ude
,educat
ion,e
mployme
ntandaccesst
oservi
ces
.Obje
cti
ve3oft
heNe wZeal
and
Disa
bil
itySt
rat
egyisto‘
Provi
detheBes
tEduca
tionforDisa
bledPeople’byi
mprovi
ng
educat
ionsothata
llc
hil
dren,
youthl
ear
ner
sanda dul
tle
arnerswi
ll
ha veequa
lopport
uni
ti
es
t
ole
arnanddeve
lopwit
hinthei
ral
re
adyexi
sti
ngl
ocal
school
.Forasuc
c e
ssful
educat
ion,
t
hel
earni
ngenvi
ronme
ntisvit
all
ysi
gni
fi
cant
,soanyef
for
ttoi
mprovethi
sisli
kel
ytobeof
gr
eatbe
nef
itt
oal
lchi
l
dre
n,bute
spe
cia
ll
ytot
hos
ewi
tha
udi
tor
yfunc
tiondi
sabi
l
iti
es.
I Anumbe
rofc
ount
ri
esa
rea
lre
adyi
nthepr
oce
ssoff
ormul
ati
ngt
hei
rowns
tanda
rdsf
or
t
hecont
rola
ndr e
ducti
onofcl
ass
roomnoi
se.NewZe a
landwil
lpr
obablyf
oll
owt
hei
r
e
xampl
e.Theli
ter
atur
etodat
eonnois
einschool
roomsappea
rstofoc
usonthee
ffe
ctson

s
chool
chi
ldr
eningene
ral
,the
irt
eache
rsandthehe
ari
ngimpai
red.Onl
yli
mit
eda t
tent
ion
a
ppear
stohavebee
ngiventothos
es t
udent
sexpe
rie
nci
ngtheotherdi
sabi
l
iti
esi
nvolvi
ng
a
udit
oryf
uncti
ondefi
ci
t.I
tisimper
a t
ivetha
tthenee
dsofthe
s ec
hil
drena
retak
eni
nto
a
ccounti
ntheset
ti
ngofappropri
ateint
ernat
iona
lst
anda
rdstobepromul
gat
edinf
utur
e.
42
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09
Page 43
Reading
Questions 1–6
Re
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge1ha
sni
nes
ect
i
ons
,A–I.
Whi
chs
ect
ionc
ont
ai
nst
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
i
on?
Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 1–6 on your answer sheet.
1 a
nacco
untofan
ati
ona
lpo
li
cyi
ni
ti
at
ive
2 ad
esc
ript
iono
fagl
oba
lte
ame
ffor
t
3 ah
ypot
hes
isa
stooner
eas
onbe
hindt
hegr
owt
hincl
ass
roomnoi
se
4 ad
ema
ndf
ors
uit
abl
ewor
ldwi
der
egul
at
ions
5 al
istofme
dica
lco
ndi
ti
onswhi
chpl
aces
omechi
l
dre
nmor
eatr
iskf
romno
iset
han
ot
hers
6 t
hee
sti
mat
edpr
opor
ti
onofchi
l
dre
ninNe
w Ze
ala
ndwi
tha
udi
t
orypr
obl
ems
Questions 7–10
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
7 Forwhatpe
riodoft
i
meha
she
ari
ngl
ossi
nschool
chi
l
dre
nbe
ens
tudi
edi
nNe
w
Zeal
and?
8 I
naddi
ti
ont
oma
chi
ner
ynoi
se,wha
tot
hert
ypeofnoi
seca
nups
etch
il
dre
nwi
th
a
uti
sm?
9 Wh att
ermi
susedt
ode
scr
ibet
hehe
ari
ngpr
obl
emsofs
chool
chi
l
dre
nwhi
chh
ave
notbee
ndia
gnos
ed?

10 Whatpar
toft heNe
w Ze
ala
ndDi
sabi
l
it
ySt
rat
egya
imst
ogi
ves
chool
chi
l
dre
nequa
l
oppor
tuni
ty?
4
3
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201212:
09
Page 44
Test 2
Questions 11 and 12
Choose TWO letters, A–F.
Write the correct letters in boxes 11 and 12 on your answer sheet.
Thel
i
stbe
low i
ncl
ude
sfa
ctor
sco
ntr
ibut
ingt
ocl
ass
roomn
ois
e.
Whi
chTWO a
reme
nti
one
dbyt
hewr
it
eroft
hepa
ssa
ge?
A curre
ntteachingme t
hod
s
Be choi
ngcor r
idors
C cooli
ngsy s
tems
Dlargeclasssizes
Eloud-voi
cedt eache
rs
F play
groun dgames
Question 13
Wha
tist
hewr
it
er’
sove
ral
lpu
rpos
einwr
it
ingt
hi
sar
ti
cl
e?
At
ocomp ar
edif
fer
entmethodsofd e
ali
ngwit
ha ud
it
oryprobl
ems
Bt
oprovi
desol
uti
onsforoverl
yn oi
sylea
rni
ngenvi
ronment
s
Ct
oin
cr e
aseaware
nessofthesit
uati
onofchi
ldr
enwithaudi
tor
yp r
obl
ems
Dt
opromoteNew Zeal
andasamo de
lforot
hercount
ri
estofol
lo
w

10/14/12
44
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Page 45
Reading
READING PASSAGE 2
Passage 2 below.
Venus in transit
June 2004 saw the first passage, known as a ‘transit’,
of the planet Venus across the face of the Sun in
122 years. Transits have helped shape our view of
the whole Universe, as Heather Cooper and Nigel
Henbest explain
A On8J une2 004,

mo rethanhal
fthepop
ulat
i
ono fthewo r
ldweretr
eatedt
oar are
as
tronomicaleve
nt.Foroversixhou
rs,
theplane
tVe nusste
adi
lyinc
he di
t
swa yo v
erthe
su
rfaceo ft
heSu n.Thi
s‘trans
it
’ofVenuswa sthefi
rs
tsince6De cember1
88 2
.Ont h
at
occa
sion,th
eAme ri
canastr
onomerProf
essorSi
mo nNe wcombledap ar
tyt
oSo uth
Afri
catoo bse
rvethee ve
n t
.Theywerebasedatag i
rl
s’schoo
l,where–iti
sa l
l
eged–the
combi
ne dforc
eso fthr
ees c
hoolmi
st
res
sesoutper
formedtheprof
essi
onal
swiththe
accu
racyo fthei
robserva
tio
ns.
B Forcent
uri
es,tr
ansi
tsofVe n
ush aved r
awne xplorersandastr
onome r
sa l
iketoth
e
fo
urcorner
so fthegl
obe.Andy ouc anputital
ld ownt oth
ee xt
raord
inarypolymat
h
EdmondHa l
ley.InNovemb e
r1 677,Hall
eyo bservedat r
ansi
toftheinnermostpl
anet
,
Me r
cury,
fromt h
ed es
olat
eisl
ando fStHe l
e n
aint heSo ut
hPac i
fi
c.Her eal
isedt
hat,
fr
omd i
ffer
entlat
it
udes,t
hepassageo fth
ep lanetacrossth
eSu n’
sd i
scwo uldappea
rto
di
ffe
r.Bytimingthetr
ansi
tfromtwowi d
ely-separ
a t
edlocat
ions,
teamso fastr
onomers
coul
dcalcu
lat
et hepar
all
axangle–t heapparentdiff
e r
enceinposi
ti
ono fan
ast
rono
micalbodyd u
etoad i
ffere
nc eintheobse r
ver’sposi
ti
on.Calcul
ati
ngthisang
le

wou
ldal
l
owa s
tro
nomer
stomeasur
ewhatwast
henth
eu l
ti
mat
egoal
:t
hedis
tan
ceo
f
t
heEar
thfr
omtheSun
.Thisd
ist
ancei
skno
wnasthe‘as
tro
nomi
cal
unit
’orAU.
C Hal
leywasa warethattheAUwa soneo fthemo stfu
ndame nt
a l
ofa l
last
ron
omical
measur
eme nt
s.JohannesKep l
er,
intheearly17hc
t ent
ury,h
a dshownthatthe
di
st
ancesofthep l
anet
sf r
omt heSungovernedthe i
rorbi
t
alspeeds,whichwereeasil
y
measur
abl
e.Bu tno-o
n ehadfoundawa yt ocal
cu l
ateaccur
a t
ed i
sta
ncestotheplan
e t
s
f
romtheEa rt
h.Theg oalwastome asur
et heAU;t hen,knowingtheorbi
tal
speedsof
al
lt
heo t
herplanet
sroundtheSu n,t
hescaleoftheSo l
arSystemwo uldfal
li
ntoplac
e .
However,Hall
eyreal
isedthatMe r
curywa ssofa rawaythatit
sp ar
all
axangl
ewo uldbe
ve
ryd i
ff
ic
ultt
od ete
rmine.AsVe nuswa sc l
ose
rt otheEarth,i
tsparal
l
axa ng
lewo ul
db e
l
arge
r,andHa l
leyworkedo u
tthatbyu s
ingVe nusitwouldbep ossi
bl
etome asu
rethe
4
5
9781107615502p001-
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09
Page 46
Test 2
Sun’
sd i
st
anceto1par
tin500
.Bu tt
he r
ewa sap robl
em:tr
ansi
tsofVen u
s,unl
i
k ethos
e
ofMe r
cury
,arera
re,o
ccur
ri
nginp a
irsrough
lye i
ghtyea
rsapartever
yh und
redo rso
yea
rs.Nevert
hel
ess
,heaccur
ate
lypredict
edthatVe n
uswo ul
dc r
ossthefaceoftheSun
i
nboth1761and1769–tho
ughh edi
dn ’
tsurvi
vetos e
ee i
th
er.
D In
spir
edb yHa ll
ey’ss u
g g
e st
i
ono fawa ytopindownt hescal
eo ft
heSo la
rSy stem,
t
eamso fBr i
t
isha ndFre n
c hast
ro no
me rssetoutone xpedi
t
ionstopl
a c
esa sdiverseas
In
diaandSiberia.Bu tt
h i
ngswe ren’thel
pedb yBrit
ainandFranceb ei
ngatwa r.Th e
per
sonwh od eservesmo stsymp at
hyistheFr enchastr
onomerGu i
ll
aumeLeGe nt
il
.
Hewa sthwa rt
edb yt h
ef actt
ha tth
eBr it
i
shwe r
eb esi
egi
ngh i
sobservat
ionsi
tea t
Pondi
cherryinIndia.Fleei
ngo naFr enchwa rshi
pc r
ossi
ngtheIndianOc ean,LeGe nti
l
sawawo nder
ful t
ransi
t–b utthes hi
p’spi
tchingandroll
i
ngr u
ledoutanya t
temp tat
makingaccurateobse r
vati
ons.Un daunted
, heremainedsout
ho fth
ee quat
o r
,kee pi
ng
hi
ms e
lfbusyb ystudyingtheisl
an d
so fMa uri
ti
usandMa da
gascarbeforeset
ti
n goff
t
oo bser
vethen exttransi
tinthePh il
ippi
nes.Ir
onical
l
ya ft
ertr
a v
ell
i
ngn earl
y5 0,
0 0
0
ki
lometr
es,hi
sv iewwa scloudedo u
ta tt
hel a
stmo ment,averydis
piri
t
ingexpe r
ience.
E Wh i
l
etheearl
yt r
ansitti
mingswe reasprec
isea si
nst
rume n
tswouldal
low,the
measur
ementswe red og
g edbyt h
e‘ b
lac
kd r
op ’ef
fect
.Wh enVe nusbegi
nstocros
sthe
Sun’
sdis
c,i
tlookss mearedn otci
rcul
ar–wh i
c hmakesitdif
fi
cul
ttoesta
b l
i
shti
mings
.
Thi
sisduetod i
ff
racti
ono fli
ght.Thesecon
dp robl
emisthatVenuse x
hibi
tsahal
oo f
l
ig
htwh e
nitisseenju s
toutsi
det heSun’
sdisc.Wh i
l
ethisshowedastr
onome r
sthat
Venuswassu r
roundedb yathicklayerofgas
e sre
fract
i
n gsunl
i
ghtaroundit
,bot
h
ef
fect
sma d
ei ti
mp ossi
bletoob t
ainaccu
rat
etimings.
F Butast
ronomersl
abou r
edh a
rdtoanal
ysether
e su
lt
softhes
ee xpedi
t
ionstoobserv
e
Venustr
ansit
s.Joha
nnFr anzEnck
e,Direc
toroftheBerl
inObservat
ory
, f
ina
ll
y
de
termi
nedav alu
ef ortheAUb as
edo nal
lthe
s epar
all
axmea s
urement
s :
15
3 ,
340
,000km.Re asonabl
ya c
cur
atefort
hetime,th
atisqui
teclo
setotoday’sval
ueof
14
9 ,
597
,870km, det
erminedbyrad
ar,whic
hh asnows u
pers
ed e
dtransi
t
sa nda l
lot
her

m
t
he
eth
Uo
nd
s
i
vei
n
ra
sc
ec
tu
o
dr
aa
c
yy
..
TT
hh
ee
pA
aU
r
ali
l
as
xa
pc
ro
i
ns
cm
i
pi
l
ecc
mae
na
bsu
er
i
en
g
xt
er
o
nd
d,
e
dan
t
odm
th
e
eab
sa
us
ri
s
eo
tf
eh
h o
dw
i
staw
ne
ces
c
sa
t
ol
e
t
hestars
.Ifwelookatast
arinJanua
ry–wh enEart
hisatonepoin
tinit
sorbit–itwil
l
se
emt obeinad i
ff
ere
ntpos
it
ionfr
omwh er
eitappear
ssi
xmo nthsl
ater
.Kn owingthe
widt
hofEa r
th’
sorbi
t,
thepar
all
axshi
ftl
etsast
ronomerscal
cul
atethedi
stan
ce.
G J
une2004’
stran
sitofVe n
u swast
husmoreofa
nastr
onomi
cal
spect
acl
eth
a na
s
cie
nti
fi
cal
lyimp
ortantevent
.Buts
uchtr
ansi
t
shavepave
dthewayforwhatmight
p
rovetobeoneofthemo stvi
ta
lbr
eakt
hro
ughsi
nthecos
mos–d e
tec
ti
ngEa r
th-
si
zed
p
lanet
sorb
iti
ngot
h e
rs t
ars
.
46
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Page 47
Reading
Questions 14–17
Re
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge2ha
sse
venpa
ragr
aph
s,A–G.
Whi
chpa
rag
raphc
ont
ai
nst
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
i
on?
Write the correct letter, A–G, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.
14 e
xampl
esofdi
ff
ere
ntwa
ysi
nwhi
cht
hep
ara
ll
axpr
inci
pl
eha
sbe
ena
ppl
i
ed
15 ade
scr
ipt
i
onofa
neve
ntwhi
chpr
eve
nte
dat
rans
itobs
erva
ti
on
16 as
tat
eme
nta
boutpo
tent
ia
lfut
uredi
scov
eri
esl
eadi
ngonf
romt
rans
itobs
erva
ti
ons
17 ade
scri
pti
onofphysi
calst
ate
sc onn
ect
edwi
thVe
nuswhi
che
arl
yas
tronomi
cal
i
nst
rument
sfai
le
dt oovercome
Questions 18–21
Look at the following statements (Questions 18–21) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 18–21 on your answer sheet.
18 Heca
lcula
tedth
edist
anceoft
heSunf r
omtheEa
rthba
sedonob
ser
vat
ionsof
Venuswithafa
irdegr
eeofaccur
acy.
19 Heunde
rst
oodthatthedi
st
anceoft
heSunf
romt
heEa
rthcoul
dbewor
kedo
utby
compar
ingobs
e r
vati
onsofat
rans
it
.
20 Here
ali
sedt
hatt
hetimeta
kenbyapl
ane
ttogor
oundt
heSunde
pend
soni
t
s
di
st
ancefr
om theSun.
21 Hewi
tne
sse
daVe
nust
rans
itbutwa
suna
blet
oma
kea
nyca
lcul
at
ions
.
List of People
A EdmondHa
ll
ey
BJ
oha
nne
sKe
ple
r
C Gui
l
laumeLeGe
nti
l
DJ
oha
nnFr
anzEncke
4
7
9781107615502p001-
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Page 48
Test 2
Questions 22–26
Dot
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntsa
gre
ewi
tht
hei
nfor
mat
iongi
veni
nRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge2?

22 Ha
ll
eyo
bse
rve
donet
ran
sitoft
hepl
ane
tVe
nus
.
23 LeGe
nti
lma
nag
edt
oobs
erv
eas
econdVe
nust
rans
it
.
24 Thes
hapeo
fVe
nusa
ppe
arsdi
st
ort
edwh
eni
tst
art
stop
assi
nfr
ontoft
heSun.
25 Ea
rlya
str
onome
rss
uspe
cte
dtha
tth
eat
mos
phe
reo
nVe
nuswa
stoxi
c.
26 Thepar
all
axpri
nci
pl
eal
lowsa
str
onome
rst
owor
koutho
wfa
rawa
ydi
st
ants
tar
s
ar
efrom t
heEart
h.
49/120
48
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Page 49
Reading
READING PASSAGE 3
Passage 3 below.
A neuroscientist reveals
how to think differently
I
nthel
astde
cadear
evol
uti
onha
soccu
rre
dint
hewa
ytha
tsci
ent
is
tst
hi
nka
boutt
hebr
ain.
Wenow know t
hatt
hede
cis
ionsh
uma
nsma
keca
nbet
race
dtot
hef
ir
ingp
att
ernsofne
uron
s
i
nspe
cif
icpa
rtsoft
hebr
ain.The
sedi
scove
ri
esha
vel
edt
othef
iel
dknowna
sneuroeconomics,
whi
c hstudi
est
hebra
in’
ssecr
etst
osucce
ssinanecon
omicenvi
ron
mentt
hatde
mand
s
i
nnovat
ionandbei
ngabl
etodothi
ngsd
iff
ere
ntl
yfr
omc ompe
ti
tors
.Abrai
ntha
tcand
othi
sis
a
nicon
ocl
ast
i
cone
.Br
ief
ly,a
niconoclast i
sape
rso
nwhodo
ess
ome
thi
ngt
hatot
her
ssa
yca
n’t
bedone
.
Thi
sde
fin
iti
oni
mpl
i
est
hati
conocl
ast
sar
edi
ff
ere
ntf
romo
the
rpe
opl
e,b
utmor
epr
eci
sel
y,i
t
i
sthe
irb
rai
nst
hata
redi
ff
ere
nti
nthr
eedi
st
inctwa
ys:pe
rce
pti
on,f
earr
espons
e,a
nds
oci
al
i
nte
ll
ige
nce
.Ea
choft
hes
eth
reef
unct
i
onsu
ti
li
zesadi
ff
ere
ntc
ircui
tint
hebr
ai
n.Na
ysa
yer
s
mi
ghts
ugge
stt
hatt
hebr
aini
sir
rel
eva
nt,t
hatt
hi
nki
ngi
nanor
igi
nal
,eve
nre
vol
uti
ona
ry,
wayismoreamatt
erofpe
rsona
li
tyt
hanbrai
nfunct
ion
.Bu tt
hefie
ldofne
uroeco
nomi
cswa
s
bor
noutofther
eal
iz
ati
ont
hatth
ephysi
calworki
ngsofthebrai
nplac
eli
mit
ati
onsont
hewa
y
wema
kede
cis
ions
.Byunde
rst
andi
ngt
hes
econs
tra
int
s,webe
gint
ounde
rst
andwhys
ome
pe
opl
ema
rcht
oadi
ff
ere
ntdr
umbe
at.

Thef
ir
stt
hingt
ore
ali
zei
stha
ttheb
rai
nsuf
fer
sfr
oml
i
mit
edr
esou
rce
s.I
tha
saf
ixe
dene
rgy
budget
,aboutt
hes
ameasa40wattl
i
ghtbul
b,soi
tha
se vol
vedt
owo r
kaseffi
ci
entl
yas
poss
ibl
e.Thisi
swher
emostpe
opl
earei
mpededfr
omb e
inganico
nocl
ast
.Forexa
mp l
e,wh
en
conf
ron
tedwi
thi
nfor
mat
ions
tre
ami
ngf
romt
hee
yes
,th
ebr
ai
nwi
l
lint
erpr
ett
hi
sinf
orma
ti
on
i
nthequ
icke
stwa
ypos
sibl
e.Thusi
twi
l
ldr
awonb
othpa
ste
xpe
rie
ncea
nda
nyot
hers
our
ce
ofi
nfor
mat
ion,s
ucha
swh
atot
herpe
opl
esa
y,t
oma
kes
ens
eofwh
ati
tiss
eei
ng.Th
isha
ppe
ns
a
llt
het
ime.Thebrai
ntake
sshor
tcut
stha
tworksowe l
lwear
eh a
rdl
yeverawa
reofthe
m.
Wethi
nkourper
cepti
onsoft
heworlda
rere
al,butt
heyar
eonl
yb i
ol
ogi
cala
ndel
ect
ri
cal
r
umbl
i
ngs
.Pe
rce
pti
oni
snots
impl
yapr
odu
ctofwha
tyo
ure
yesore
arst
rans
mitt
oyo
urb
rai
n.
Mor
eth
ant
hephy
sica
lre
ali
tyofph
otonsors
oundwa
ves
,pe
rce
pti
oni
sapr
oduc
toft
hebr
ai
n.
Per
cept
ioni
scent
ralt
oiconocl
asm.Icon
ocl
ast
sse
ethingsdi
ff
ere
ntl
ytoot
herpeopl
e.The
ir
br
ainsd
onotfa
lli
ntoeff
ici
encypit
fal
l
sasmuchastheaver
ageper
son’
sbra
in.I
conocl
ast
s,ei
the
r
be
caus
ethe
ywe
rebo
rnt
hatwa
yort
hroughl
ear
nin
g,ha
vef
oundwa
yst
owor
kar
oundt
he
pe
rce
ptu
als
hor
tcut
stha
tpl
agu
emos
tpe
opl
e.Pe
rce
pti
oni
sno
tsome
thi
ngt
hati
sha
rdwi
red
4
9
9781107615502p001-
176.
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201212:
09
Page 50
Test 2
i
nt
oth
ebr
ain.I
tisal
ear
nedpr
oce
ss,whi
chi
sbo
thacu
rsea
nda
noppor
tuni
t
yfo
rcha
nge
.The
br
ainf
ace
sthef
unda
ment
alpr
obl
emofi
nte
rpr
eti
ngphy
sica
lst
imul
ifr
omt
hes
ens
es.Eve
ryt
hing
t
hebra
ins
ees
,hear
s,o
rt oucheshasmul
ti
pl
eint
erpre
tat
ions
.Theonetha
tisul
ti
mat
el
yc ho
sen
i
ssi
mplyt
hebra
in’
sbesttheor
y.Inte
chni
calt
erms,the
sec o
nje
ctur
eshavet
hei
rba
sisi
nthe
s
tat
is
ti
call
i
kel
i
hoodofonei
nte
rpr
eta
ti
onove
rano
the
ran
dar
ehe
avi
l
yin
flue
nce
dbypa
st
e
xpe
rie
ncea
nd,i
mpor
tant
l
yfo
rpot
ent
i
ali
conocl
ast
s,wha
tot
herpe
opl
esa
y.
Thebe
stwa
ytos
eet
hingsdi
ff
ere
ntl
ytoot
herpe
opl
eist
obomba
rdt
heb
rai
nwi
tht
hings
i
thasneve
renc oun
ter
edbefor
e.Novelt
yrel
eas
est
hepe
rcept
ualpr
oces
sfromthechai
ns
ofpas
texper
ienceandfor
cesthebr
aintomakene
wjudgment
s.Succ
essf
uli
conocl
ast
s
ha
vea
next
raor
dina
rywi
l
li
ngne
sst
obee
xpos
edt
owh
ati
sfr
esha
nddi
ff
ere
nt.Obs
erva
ti
on
ofi
con
ocl
ast
sshowst
hatt
heye
mbr
acen
ove
lt
ywhi
l
emos
tpe
opl
eavo
idt
hin
gst
hata
re
di
ff
ere
nt.
Thepr
obl
em wi
thnov
elt
y,h
owe
ver
,ist
hati
tte
ndst
otr
igge
rthebr
ai
n’sf
ears
yst
em.Fe
ar
i
sama
jori
mpe
dime
ntt
othi
nki
ngl
i
kea
nic
onocl
asta
nds
topst
hea
ver
agepe
rsoni
nhi
s
t
racks
.Th
erea
rema
nyt
ype
soff
ear
,butt
het
wot
hati
nhi
bi
tico
nocl
ast
i
cthi
nki
nga
ndpe
opl
e
ge
ner
all
yfi
nddiff
icul
ttode
alwit
har
efear of uncertainty a
ndfear of public ridicule. The
sema
y
s
eemli
ketr
ivi
alphobi
as.Bu
tfea
rofpubl
ics peaking,wh ichev
eryo nemu std of romt imeto
t
ime
,af
fl
ict
sone
-thi
rdoft
hepop
ula
ti
on.Thi
sma
kesi
ttooc
ommont
obeco
nsi
der
edame
nta
l
di
sor
der
.Iti
ssi
mpl
yaco
mmonv
ari
anto
fhuma
nna
tur
e,on
ewhi
chi
conocl
ast
sdonotl
et
i
nhi
bi
tthe
irr
eac
tions
.
Fi
nal
l
y,tob es uc ces sfuli
conocla
s t
s,indi
vi
dual
smu stsel
lthe
iri
dea
stoo
therpeopl
e.This
i
swh e
resocial intelligence co
me sin.Soci
ali
nte
ll
ige
n c
eistheabi
li
t
ytounder
sta
nda nd
ma
nagepe
opl
einab
usi
nes
sse
tti
ng.I
nthel
astde
cadet
her
eha
sbe
ena
nexpl
osi
onof

knowledgeaboutthesoc
ial
br a
inandhowt
heb r
ai
nwo r
kswhengroupscoor
dina
tede
cis
ion
making.Neurosci
encehasreveal
edwhi
chbr
ainci
rcu
it
sarer
espons
ibl
eforfunct
i
onsl
ike
unders
tandi
ngwha
to t
herpe
oplet
hink,empat
hy,fa
ir
ness,andsoci
ali
dent
it
y.Thesebr
ai
n
r
e gi
onspla
yk e
yrol
esinwheth
erpeoplecon
vinceot
her
so fthe
iri
deas
.Percept
ioni
s
i
mpo
rta
nti
nsoci
alco
gni
ti
ont
oo.Thepe
rce
pti
onofs
ome
one
’se
nthus
ias
m,orr
eput
ati
on,
ca
nma
keorbr
eakad
eal
.Und
ers
tandi
nghowpe
rce
pti
onbe
come
sint
ert
wine
dwi
ths
oci
al
de
cis
ionma
kings
howswhys
ucc
ess
fuli
con
ocl
ast
sar
esor
are
.
I
conoc
las
tscr
eat
ene
w op
por
tuni
ti
esi
neve
rya
reaf
roma
rti
st
ice
xpr
ess
iont
ote
chnol
ogyt
o
bus
ine
ss.The
ysuppl
ycr
eat
i
vit
yandi
nno
vat
ionnote
asi
l
yac
compl
i
she
dbyc
ommi
tt
ees
.Rul
es
a
ren’
timpor
tan
ttot
hem.I
con
ocl
ast
sfa
cea
li
ena
ti
ona
ndf
ai
lur
e,b
utca
nal
sobeama
jora
sse
t
t
oanyor
gani
zat
ion.I
tiscr
uci
alf
ors
ucce
ssi
nan
yfi
el
dtounde
rst
andhowt
hei
con
ocl
ast
ic
mi
ndworks.
50
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Page 51
Reading
Questions 27–31
Write the correct letter in boxes 27–31 on your answer sheet.
27 Ne
uro
econ
omi
csi
saf
iel
dofs
tudywhi
chs
eekst
o
Acaus
each a
ngeinhows ci
ent
is
tsunde
rst
andbra
inchemis
try.
Bunde
rsta
n dhow gooddeci
si
onsaremadeint
hebrai
n.
Cunde
rstandhow thebra
ini
sli
nkedtoachi
eve
mentincompeti
ti
vef
iel
ds.
Dt
racethespeci
fi
cf i
ri
ngpat
ter
nsofneuron
sindi
ffe
rentar
easofth
eb r
ai
n.
28 Acc
ordi
ngt
othewr
it
er,i
conoc
las
tsa
redi
st
inct
ivebe
caus
e
At
heycr
eateu
nu sualbr
ainci
rcui
ts.
Bt
hei
rbr
ainsf
unctiondif
fer
entl
y.
Ct
hei
rpe
rsona
lit
ie
sa redi
sti
ncti
ve.
Dt
heymakedeci
sionseasi
ly.
29 Acc
ordi
ngt
othewr
it
er,t
hebr
ainwor
kse
ffi
ci
ent
l
ybe
caus
e
Ai
tusestheeyesqui
ckly.
Bi
tint
erpr
etsdat
alogi
call
y.
Ci
tgenerat
esit
sowne nergy.
Di
trel
iesonprevi
ousevents.
30 Thewr
it
ers
ayst
hatp
erce
pti
oni
s
52/120
A acomb i
nat
ionofphot
onsands oundwaves
.
B are
li
ableprodu
ctofwha ty
oursensestr
ans
mit
.
C ares
ultofbrai
nproce
sses.
D aprocessweareusual
l
yco ns
ciousof.
31 Acc
ordi
ngt
othewr
it
er,a
nico
nocl
ast
ict
hinke
r
Acent
ral
i
sesperce
ptualthi
nkinginonepartoft
heb r
ain.
Ba
voidscogni
ti
vetra
ps .
Chasabrai
nthati
sh a
rdwi r
edf orl
ear
ning.
Dhasmoreopport
unit
iesthantheaver
agep e
rson.
5
1
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Page 52
Test 2
Questions 32–37
Dot
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntsa
gre
ewi
tht
hecl
ai
msoft
hewr
it
eri
nRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge3?
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
32 Exp
osur
etodi
ff
ere
nte
vent
sfor
cest
heb
rai
ntot
hin
kdi
ff
ere
ntl
y.
33 I
con
ocl
ast
sar
eun
usua
ll
yre
cept
i
vet
one
wex
per
ie
nce
s.
34 Mos
tpe
opl
ear
etoos
hyt
otr
ydi
ff
ere
ntt
hi
ngs
.
35 I
fyout
hinki
nani
conocl
ast
i
cwa
y,youca
nea
sil
yove
rco
mef
ear
.
36 Whe
nconc
erna
boute
mba
rra
ssme
ntma
tte
rsl
ess
,ot
herf
ear
sbe
comei
rr
ele
van
t.
37 Fe
arofpubl
i
csp
eaki
ngi
sap
sych
ologi
cali
l
lne
ss.
Questions 38–40
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A–E, below.

Write the correct letter, A–E, in boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet.
38 Thi
nki
ngl
i
keas
ucce
ssf
uli
conoc
las
tisd
ema
ndi
ngb
eca
usei
t
39 Theconce
ptoft
hes
oci
albr
aini
sus
efu
ltoi
con
ocl
ast
sbe
caus
eit
40 I
con
ocl
ast
sar
ege
ner
all
yana
sse
tbe
cau
set
hei
rwa
yoft
hin
king
Ar
equi
resbot
hpe
rce
ptua
lands
oci
ali
nte
ll
ig
ences
kil
l
s.
Bf
ocus
esonhow g
roupsde
cideona
nact
i
on.
C wor
ksi
nma
nyf
iel
ds,b
otha
rti
st
ica
nds
cie
nti
fi
c.
Dl
eave
soneope
ntocr
it
ici
sma
ndr
eje
cti
on.
Ei
nvol
vesu
nde
rst
andi
nghowor
gani
sat
ion
sma
nag
epe
opl
e.
52
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Page 53
Writing
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout20mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone
calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.
Wr
it
eatl
eas
t15
0wor
ds.
UK telephone calls, by category, 1995–2002

Ca
llt
ype
: Loc
al–f
ixe
dli
ne
Na
ti
ona
landi
nte
rna
ti
ona
l–f
ixe
dli
ne
Mob
il
es(
allca
ll
s)

1996 1997
100
90
80
70
)
s
n
60
illio
(b 50
s
te
u
in 40
M
30
20
10
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
5
3
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Page 54
Test 2
WRITING TASK 2
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout40mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
Wr
it
eab
outt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
c:
Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory

part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving
the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children).
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Giver
eason
sforyouran
swe
randi
ncl
udea
nyr
el
eva
nte
xamp
lesf
romy
ourown
knowl
edgeore
xperi
ence
.
Wr
it
eatl
eas
t250wor
ds.

54
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Page 55
Speaking
SPEAKING
PART 1
Theexa
minera
skstheca
ndi
dat
eab
outhi
m/h
ers
elf
,hi
s/
herh
ome
,wor
kors
tudi
esa
nd
ot
herfa
mil
ia
rtopi
cs.
EXAMPLE
Giving gifts
•Whendopeoplegi
veg ift
sorprese
ntsinyourcount
ry?
•Doyoueverta
keagi ftwh e
nyo uvi
sitsomeonei
nthei
rhome?[
Why/
Whynot
?]
•Whendi
dy oulas
tr e
ce i
veagift
?[Wh atwasit
?]
•Doyouenj
o yl
ookingf orgi
ft
sforpeople
?[Wh y/
Wh ynot
?]
PART 2
Describe something you did that Youwi l

lha
vet
ota
lkaboutt
hetopi
c
was new or exiting. foronetot
wominut
es.Youha
veo ne
minut
etot
hinka
bo u
twhatyouar
e
You should say:
goi
ngtosa
y.Youc anmakesome
what you did
not
estohe
lpyouifyouwish.
where and when you did this
who you shared the activity with
and explain why this activity was
new or exciting for you.
PART 3
Discussion topics:
Doing new things
Example questions:
Wh ydoy out hinks o
mepe opl
eli
kedoi
ngn e
wt hi
ngs
?
Wh atpr
o bl
emsca np eopl
ehav
ewhe nthe
ytrynewactivi
ti
esf
orthefi
rs
tti
me?
Doy outh i
nki t’sbe s
tt odone
wt hi
ngsonyourowno rwitho
the
rp e
ople
?Why?
Learning new things
Example questions:
Wh atki
ndso ft hingsd och i
l
drenlea
rntodowhentheyar
ev e
ryy oun
g?Ho wimpor
tant
ar
et he
set hi
ngs ?
Doy outh i
nkch i
ldr e
na ndadul
tsle
arntodone
wt hi
ngsi
nt h
es a
mewa y?Howist
heir
l
earni
ngs tyl
edi fferent?
Somepe oples ayt h a
titismoreimport
antt
obeabl
etole
arnnewt hi
ngsn owt
hani
twa s
i
nthepa st.Doy oua gr
eeordisagr
eewitht
hat
?Wh y?
5
5
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Page 56
Te
st3
LISTENING
Questions 1–5
Apartments Facilities Other Information Cost
Rose Garden s
tudi
ofl
at Example
Apartments e
nte
rta
inme
ntpr
ogr
amme
:
Gr
eekda
nci
ng £219
Blue Bay l
arges
alt
-wa
ter -j
ust1 me
tre
s £275
Apartments s
wimmi
ngpool f
rombe
ach
-n
ears
hops
2 t
err
ace wa
ter
spor
ts £490
Apartments
The Grand -Gr

eekpa
int
ings -o
ver
loo
king4 5£
-3 -n
earas
upe
rma
rke
tand
adi
sco
56
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Page 57
Listening
Questions 6–10
GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS
Insurance Benefits Maximum Amount
Ca
nce
ll
at
ion 6£
£600.Addi
ti
ona
lbe
nef
ita
ll
owsa7 t
o
Hos
pit
al
t
rave
ltor
esor
t
58/120
8 Upt
o£1
000.De
pendsonr
eas
on
d e
par
tur
e
Pe
rso
nalb
elo
ngi
ngs Upt
o£3
000;£
500f
orone9
Na
meo
fAs
sis
tantMa
nage
r:Be
n10
Di
rectpho
nel
i
ne:0
8126054321
6
5
7
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Page 58
Test 3
Questions 11–13
Winridge Forest Railway Park
11 Si
mon’
sid
eaf
orat
hemepa
rkca
mef
rom
A hi
schil
dhoodhobby.
B hi
sin
teres
tinla
ndsca
pedes
ign.
C hi
svisi
ttoanot
herpar
k.
12 Whe
nthe
yst
art
ed,t
hef
ami
l
yde
cid
edt
oope
nthepa
rkon
lywhe
n
A t
hewe
athe
rwa
sexpe
cte
dtobegoo
d.

Bt
hechi
l
drenwer
en’
tats
chool
.
Ct
her
ewe r
efewe
rfar
min
gcommit
ment
s.
13 Si
nceop
eni
ng,t
hepa
rkha
sha
d
A 50,
000vi
si
tors.
B 1,
000,
000vis
it
ors.
C 1,
500,
000visi
tor
s.
58
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Page 59
Listening
Questions 14–18
Wha
tiscu
rre
ntl
ythema
ina
reaofwor
kofe
achoft
hef
oll
owi
ngp
eop
le?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–H, next to
questions 14–18.
Area of work
Aa
dve
rti
si
ng
Ba
nima
lca
re
C bui
l
ding
De
duca
ti
ona
lli
nks
Ee
ngi
nema
int
ena
nce
60/120
F f
ooda
nddr
ink
Gs
ale
s
Hs
taf
fi
ng
People
14 Si
mon(
thes
pea
ker
)
15 Li
z
16 Sa
rah
17 Dunc
an
18 J
udi
t
h
Questions 19 and 20
Write ONE WORD AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.
Feature Size Biggest challenge Target age group
Ra
il
way 1
.2km Ma
kingt
unne
ls
Go-
Kar
tar
ena 19 m2 Re
mov
ingmo
unds 20
ont
het
rack ye
ar-
olds
5
9
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Page 60
Test 3
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Study Skills Tutorial – Caroline Benning
Di
sse
rta
ti
ont
opi
c:t
he21
St
rengt
hs: •22
•comp
ute
rmode
ll
ing
We
akne
sse
s: •l
ackofba
ckgr
oundi
nfor
mat
ion
•poor23 s
kil
l
s
Possible strategy Benefits Problems
pe
ergr
oupdi
scus
sion i
ncr
eas
es24 di
sse
rta
ti
onst
endt
o
cont
ai
nthes
ame
25
us
ethe26 pr
ovi
dess
truct
ure
d l
i
mit
ed27
s
ervi
ce pr
ogr
amme
cons
ults
tudys
kil
l
s a
reagoo
dsou
rceof ca
nbet
oo28
books r
efe
ren
ce
Re
comme
nda
ti
ons
: •us
eaca
rdi
nde
x
•r
eada
llno
tes29
Ne
xtt
utor
ialda
te: 30 J
anua
ry
60
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Page 61
Listening
Questions 31 and 32
31 Theowne
rsoft
heunde
rgr
oundhou
se
Ah a
dnoe xpe
rie
nceofl i
v i
nginarur
alare
a.
B werei
nte
res
tedinenvironment
ali
ssues
.
C wante
daprofess
ionalproje
ctmanage
r.
32 Wha
tdoe
sthes
pea
kers
aya
boutt
hes
it
eoft
hehous
e?

A Thela n
dwa squi
techea
p.
B Stonewa sb
e i
ngext
ract
ednear
by.
CI twa sinacompl
ete
lyunspoi
l
tare
a.
6
1
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Page 62
Test 3
Questions 33–40
Th
eUn
der
gro
undHo
use
Design

•Bui
lti
ntheear
th,wit
htwofl
oors
•Thesout
h-f
acingsi
dewascons
truc
tedoft
wol
aye
rsof33
•Phot
ovo
lta
ict
il
eswe
rea
tta
che
d
•Al
aye
roff
oam wa
sus
edt
oimpr
ovet
he34 oft
hebui
l
ding
Special features
•Toi
ncr
eas
ethel
i
ght
,thebui
l
dingha
sma
nyi
nte
rna
lmi
rr
orsa
nd
35
•I
nfut
ure
,theh
ous
ema
ypr
oducemo
re36 t
hani
tne
eds
•Re
cycl
edwo
odwa
sus
edf
ort
he37 o
fth
ehou
se
•Thesyst
emf
orp
roc
ess
ingdome
sti
c38 i
sor
gani
c
Environmental issues
•Theuseofl
arg
equa
nti
ti
eso
f39 i
ncon
str
uct
io
nwa
s
e
nvi
ronme
nta
ll
yha
rmf
ul
•Butt
heh
ous
ewi
l
lha
vepa
idi
ts‘
env
ironme
nta
lde
bt’wi
t
hin40
62
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Page 63
Reading
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
Passage 1 below.

Iti
sno teasytobes ys
temati
ca
Attitudes to language
ndobject
iveaboutlanguagest
udy.Popularli
ngui
sti
cde
bate
regula
rlyd et
eri
ora
tesintoi
nv e
ctiveandpolemic.Lan gua
gebel
on gst
oe veryone
,somost
peoplef e
eltheyhavear i
ghttoho l
da nopi
n i
ona boutit
.Andwh enopini
onsd i
ffe
r,emot
ion
s
canr unhigh.Argume nt
sc anstar
tase as
il
yo vermin orpoi
nt
so fusa
gea so ve
rma j
orpol
i
cies
oflinguist
iceducat
ion.
Langua
ge,mo re
over,isav e r
ypub licb e
haviour
,soiti
seasyfordi
ffe
rentus
agestob enote
d
andcri
ti
cis
ed.Nopa rto fsoc i
et
yo rs ocialb
ehavio
urisexe
mpt:li
ngui
sti
cfact
orsinf
luence
how wejudgepersonal
ity,intel
l
igence ,soci
alst
atus
,educa
ti
onalst
andar
ds,j
oba pt
it
ude,
andmanyot h
erareasofi denti
tyan ds oci
alsurvi
val
.Asaresu
lt
,itiseas
ytoh u
rt,andtobe
hurt
,wh e
nlanguageus eisu nfee
li
n glyatt
acked.
Ini tsmos tg ene r
alsense,pres
cri
pti
vismist heviewtha
to nevari
etyo fla
nguagehasan
i
n he ren
tlyhig herva l
uethano t
hers
,andth att
h i
so u
ghttobeimp osedo nthewh ol
eof
thes peec hc ommuni ty.Th evi
ewi spropoundede s
peci
all
yinrela
ti
o ntog r
amma rand
vo cabulary,a ndf re
quentlywithref
erencetop r
o nu
nci
ati
on.Th evarie
tywh ichisfav
ou r
ed,
i
nt hisaccou nt,isusuall
yav ersi
onofthe‘ st
andard’wri
tt
enlanguag e
,e sp
ecial
l
ya s
enc ounteredi nl i
te
ratur
e,orintheformal s
p okenla
nguagewh i
chmo stclo
sel
yr ef
lec
tsthis
style.Adh erent stothi
sv ari
et
ya r
es ai
dtos peakorwrit
e‘co r
rect
ly’;devia
ti
onsf r
omi tar
e
saidt ob e‘inc orre
ct’.
Allth ema inlanguage shavebe e
ns tudiedprescri
pti
vel
y,e speci
al
lyint he18thcent
ury
app roacht othewr i
ti
n gofgr amma rsa ndd i
cti
onari
es.Th eaimso fthesee a
rlygra
mma r
ians
we ret hreefol
d:(a)the ywa ntedtocod i
fythep ri
ncipl
esofth e
irlanguages,toshowthat
therewa sas ys t
em be neat
ht hea pparentchaoso fusage
,( b)theywa ntedame ansof
settl
ingdi sputesov erusage,a nd( c)theywa ntedtopointoutwh attheyf el
ttobecommo n
errors,inor de rt
o‘ i
mp r
ove’t helangu a
g e
.Th eau t
hori
ta
riann a
tureo ftheapproac
hisbest
cha racter
isedbyi tsr el
ia
nceo n‘rules’ofg r
amma r
.Someu sage
sa re‘p r
escri
bed’
,tobe
l
e a
r nta ndf ol
loweda c cura
tel
y ;othersa r
e‘ pr
o s
cribe
d’,tob eavoided.Inthisear
lyper
iod,
therewe ren oha l
f-me as
ures: usagewa se i
therri
ghtorwr ong,an ditwa sthetas
ko ft
he
gramma riannots implyt oreco r
da lt
ernati
ves,buttop r
on ouncejudgeme ntuponthem.
Theseat
ti
tudesaresti
l
lwithus ,andtheymo ti
vat
eawi de
sprea
dc once
rnt hatlingui
s t
ic
sta
ndar
dss houl
db emaint
ained.Ne ver
the
les
s,thereisanalt
ernat
ivepoi
nto fv i
ewt h at
i
sc onc
ernedles
swi t
hs t
and a
rdsth a
nwi t
hthefacts ofl
ingui
st
icusage
.Th i
sa pproachi s
summaris
edi nt
hes t
ate
me ntthatiti
sthetaskoftheg ra
mma ri
antodescribe, notprescribe
6
3
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Page 64
Test 3
–t orecor dthefact
sofl i
nguisti
cdiversi
ty,andn o
ttoa t
temp ttheimpossibl
eta
skso f
evaluat
ingl angua
gev ari
ati
ono rh al
ti
nglanguagechange.Inth esecondh al
fofthe18th
century,wea l
readyfi
nda dvoc at
eso ft
hisv i
ew,sucha sJose phPries
tl
ey,wh os
eRudiments
of English Grammar (1761)insist
sthat‘t
h ecusto
mo fspea
k ingistheorigi
nal
ando nl
y
j
us tsta
n dardo fanylanguage
’ .Lingui
sti
cissues,i
tisargued,c an
n otbesolv
edb ylogi
c
andl e
gislati
on.Andthisv i
ewh asbecomet hetene
to fthemo dernli
n g
u i
st
icapproa
cht o
gramma ti
calanal
ysis
.
I
nourownt
i
me,t
heoppo
sit
ionbe
twe
en‘
des
cri
pt
ivi
st
s’a
nd‘
pre
scr
ipt
i
vis
ts’ha
sof
ten
65/120
becomeextr
eme ,wit
hboths i
de spai
nti
ngu n
realp
ict
uresoftheothe
r.Descri
pti
ve
grammari
anshav ebee
npresentedasp e
oplewhod onotc a
reaboutst
anda
rds,beca
use
ofthewaytheys eeal
lfor
mso fusageasequal
l
yv al
i
d.Pr e
scri
pti
vegra
mma ri
anshave
beenpre
sent
eda sbli
ndadherentstoah i
st
ori
caltr
adi
ti
on.Th eoppos
it
ionhasevenbee
n
prese
nte
dinq ua
s i
-pol
i
ti
calte
rms–o fradi
call
ibe
ral
is
mv sel
it
is
tconser
vat
ism.
64
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Page 65
Reading
Questions 1–8
Dot
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntsa
gre
ewi
tht
hecl
ai
msoft
hewr
it
eri
nRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge1?
YES i
fth
est
at
eme
nta
gre
eswi
tht
hecl
ai
mso
fthewr
it
er

NO i
fthest
at
ementcont
radi
ctst
hec l
ai
mso ft
hewrit
er
NOT GIVEN i
fiti
simpos
sibl
etosa
ywh a
tthewrit
erth
inksa
boutt
his
1 The
rea
reun
der
sta
nda
bler
eas
onswh
yar
gume
ntso
ccura
boutl
angua
ge.
2 Peopl
efee
lmo r
est
rong
lya
boutl
angu
agee
duca
ti
ont
hana
bouts
mal
ldi
ff
ere
nce
sin
l
anguageusa
ge.
3 Ourasse
ssme
ntofape
rson’
sint
el
li
genc
eisa
ffe
cte
dbyt
hewa
yheo
rsheus
es
l
angua
ge.
4 Pr
escr
ipt
ivegr
amma
rbookscos
tal
oto
fmon
eyt
obu
yint
he18t
hce
ntur
y.
5 Pr
escr
ipt
ivi
sms
ti
lle
xis
tst
oda
y.
6 Accor
din
gtode
scr
ipt
i
vis
tsi
tispoi
ntl
esst
otr
ytos
topl
angua
gecha
nge
.
7 De
scr
ipt
ivi
smonl
yapp
ear
eda
fte
rthe18
thce
ntur
y.
8 Bot
hde
scr
ipt
ivi
st
sandpr
escr
ipt
ivi
st
sha
vebe
enmi
sre
pre
sent
ed.
6
5
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Page 66
Test 3
Questions 9–12
Complete the summary using the list of words, A–I, below.
Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 9–12 on your answer sheet.

The language debate

Accor
dingt
o9 ,t
her
eisonl
yonecor
rectf
ormofl
ang
uage
.Li
ngu
ist
swhot
ake
t
hi
sapp
roa
cht
ola
ngua
gepl
aceg
rea
timp
ort
anceongr
amma
ti
cal10 .
Conve
rse
ly,t
hevi
ewo
f11 ,s
ucha
sJos
ephPr
ie
stl
ey,i
sth
atgr
amma
rsho
uld
beba
sedon12 .
A de
scr
ipt
ivi
st
s Bl
angua
gee
xpe
rts Cpopu
lars
pee
ch
Df
orma
lla
ngua
ge Ee
val
uat
ion F r
ule
s
G mode
rnl
i
ngu
ist
s Hpr
esc
rip
ti
vi
st
s I cha
nge
Question 13
Wha
tist
hewr
it
er’
spur
pos
einRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge1?
At
oargueinf
avourofap art
icul
ara
pproacht
owr i
ti
ngdict
iona
rie
sandgr
amma
r
books
Bt
opre
s e
ntahist
ori
calaccountofdi
ff
eri
ngvie
wso fla
nguage
Ct
odescri
bet
hediff
erencesbetwee
ns p
okenandwr i
t
tenla
nguage
Dt
oshow how acer
tai
nv i
ewo flan
guagehasbee
nd i
scre
dit
ed
66
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Page 67
Reading
READING PASSAGE 2
Passage 2 below.

Tidal Power
Undersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to
become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too
early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are
that they will play a significant role in the future
A Oper
ati
ngont
hes a
meprinci
pl
easwindtur
bine
s,thepowerinse
aturbi
nes
comesfr
omti
dalcurr
ent
swhichtur
nbla
dessimil
artos
h i
ps’pr
opel
l
ers,
b
ut,unl
i
kewi
nd,t
het
ide
sar
epr
edi
cta
blea
ndt
hepowe
rinputi
scon
sta
nt.
Thet
ech
nol
ogyr
ais
est
hepr
ospe
ctofBr
it
ai
nbe
comi
ngs
elf
-suf
fi
ci
enti
n
r
ene
wabl
eene
rgya
nddr
ast
ica
ll
yre
duci
ngi
tsca
rbo
ndi
oxi
dee
mis
sio
ns.I
f
t
i
de,windandwavepowerareal
lde
vel
oped
,Bri
ta
inwouldbeabl
etoclos
e
g
as,coal
andnucl
earpowerpl
ant
sandexpo
rtr
enewabl
epowertooth
er
p
art
sofEur
ope
.Un
li
kewi
ndp
owe
r,whi
chBr
it
ai
nor
igi
nal
l
yde
vel
ope
dan
d
t
hena
ban
done
dfor2
0ye
arsa
ll
owi
ngt
heDut
cht
oma
kei
tama
jori
ndu
str
y,
u
nde
rse
atur
bine
scou
ldbe
comeabi
gexpor
tea
rne
rtoi
sl
andna
ti
onss
uch
a
sJa
pana
ndNe
w Ze
ala
nd.
B Ti
dals
it
esha
vea
lre
adybe
eni
dent
if
iedt
hatwi
l
lpr
oduc
eones
ixt
hormor
e
o
ftheUK’
spowe
r–a
nda
tpr
ice
scompe
ti
ti
vewi
thmo
der
nga
stur
bin
esa
nd
u
nde
rcu
tti
ngt
hos
eoft
hea
lre
adya
il
ingnucl
eari
ndus
try.Ones
it
eal
one
,the
Pentl
andFir
th,be
tweenOrkne
yandmainl
andScot
la
nd,coul
dprodu
ce10%
ofthecount
ry’sel
ect
ri
ci
tywit
hbanksoft
urbi
nesunde
rthesea
,andan
othe
r
a
tAl
der
neyi
nth
eCha
nne
lIs
landst
hre
eti
mest
he1
,200me
gawa
tt
sof
Br
it
ai
n’sl
arge
sta
ndne
wes
tnu
cle
arpl
ant
,Si
zewe
llB,i
nSuf
fol
k.Ot
her
s
it
eside
nti
fie
dincl
udetheBri
st
olCh
anne
landt
hewes
tcoastofScot
la
nd,
p
art
icul
arl
ythechanne
lbet
we e
nCampbel
t
ownandNort
her
nIrel
and.
C Wor
konde
signsf
ort
hene
wtur
binebl
ade
sands
it
esa
rewe
lla
dva
nce
d
a
ttheUni
ver
sit
yofSout
hampt
on’
ssu
sta
ina
blee
ner
gyr
ese
archgr
oup.Th
e
f
ir
stst
ati
onisexpect
edtobei
nst
al
le
doffLyn
mo ut
hinDevonshor
tl
yto
t
estt
hetechnol
ogyinaven
tur
ejoi
nt
lyf
unde
db ythede
par
tmentofTra
de
a
ndI
ndu
str
yan
dtheEur
ope
anUni
on.AbuBa
krBa
haj
,i
ncha
rgeoft
he
So
utha
mpt
onr
ese
arc
h,s
aid:‘
Thepr
ospe
ctsf
ore
ner
gyf
romt
i
dalc
urr
ent
s
a
ref
arbe
tte
rtha
nfr
om wi
ndbe
caus
ethef
lowso
fwa
tera
repr
edi
ct
abl
e
a
ndcons
tant
.Thet
echnol
ogyforde
ali
ngwi
ththehos
ti
lesal
inee
n vi
ronment
u
nde
rtheseaha
sbeendevel
ope
dintheNor
thSeaoi
lindus
tryandmu ch
6
7
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Page 68
Test 3
i
sal
rea
dyk
nowna
boutt
urbi
nebl
adede
sign,be
cau
seofwi
ndpo
wera
nd
s
hippr
ope
ll
ers
.The
rea
reaf
ewt
ech
nica
ldi
ff
icul
ti
es,b
utIb
eli
evei
nthe
ne
xtf
ivet
ote
nye
arswewi
l
lbei
nst
al
li
ngcomme
rci
alma
rinet
urbi
nef
arms
.’

Sout
hamptonhasbeenawarde
d£ 215,
000overthr
eeyear
stodevel
op
thet
urbi
nesandisworki
ngwithMa r
ineCurr
entTurbi
nes
,asubsi
dia
ryof
ITpower,ontheLynmouthproj
ect
.EUr e
sear
chh asnowide
nti
fi
ed106
pot
ent
ia
lsi
t
esf
ort
ida
lpo
wer
,80%r
oundt
hecoa
stsofBr
it
ai
n.Theb
est
s
it
esa
rebe
twe
eni
sl
andso
rar
oundhe
avi
l
yinde
nte
dcoa
stswh
eret
her
ear
e
s
tro
ngt
ida
lcur
rent
s.
D Ama
rin
etur
bin
ebl
aden
eedst
obeonl
yonet
hi
rdo
fth
esi
zeofawi
nd
ge
ner
atort
opr
oducet
hre
eti
mesa
smuchpowe
r.Th
ebl
ade
swi
l
lbea
bout
20me
tre
sindi
ame
ter
,soa
roun
d30me
tre
sofwa
teri
sre
qui
re
d.Un
li
ke
windpower
,ther
ea r
eunli
kel
ytobeenvi
ronment
alobj
ect
io
ns.Fi
shandothe
r
cr
eatur
esa
rethoughtun
li
kelyt
obeatri
skfromtherel
at
ive
lysl
ow-t
urni
ng
bl
ade
s.Ea
cht
urbi
newi
l
lbemo
unt
edonat
owe
rwhi
chwi
l
lco
nne
ctt
othe
na
ti
ona
lpowe
rsup
plygr
idv
iaunde
rwa
terca
ble
s.Thet
owe
rswi
l
lst
ickoutof
t
hewa
tera
ndb
eli
t,t
owa
rns
hipp
ing
,anda
lsobede
signe
dtobel
i
fte
dout
oft
hewa
terf
orma
int
ena
ncea
ndt
ocl
eans
eawe
edf
romt
hebl
ade
s.
E DrBa
haj
hasdonemos
twor
kont
heAl
der
neys
it
e,whe
ret
her
ear
e
powe
rfulcur
rent
s.Thes
ingl
eunde
rse
atur
binef
arm woul
dpr
oducef
armor
e
powe
rtha
nne
ede
dfort
heCh
anne
lIs
landsa
ndmo
stwou
ldbef
edi
ntot
he
Fr
enc
hGr
ida
ndber
e-i
mpor
tedi
ntoBr
it
ai
nvi
atheca
bleunde
rth
eCha
nne
l.
F On
ete
chni
cald
iff
icul
tyi
sca
vit
at
ion,whe
rel
owpr
ess
urebe
hindat
urn
ing
bl
adeca
use
sai
rbu
bbl
es.The
seca
nca
usevi
bra
ti
ona
ndda
maget
hebl
ade
s
oft
het
urbi
nes
.DrBa
hajs
aid
:‘Weha
vet
ote
stanumbe
rofbl
adet
ype
sto
a
voi
dth
isha
ppe
ningora
tle
astma
kes
urei
tdo
esn
otda
maget
het
urbi
nes
orre
duceper
forma
nce.Ano
the
rsli
ghtcon
cerni
ssubme
rgeddeb
risf
loa
ti
ng
i
ntotheb
lade
s.Sofarwedonotkno
wh ow muchofapr
oble
mitmight
be
.Wewi
l
lha
vet
oma
ket
het
urbi
nesr
obus
tbe
caus
ethes
eai
sahos
ti
le
e
nvi
ronme
nt,buta
llt
hes
ignst
hatweca
ndoi
tar
ego
od.
’
68
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Page 69
Reading
Questions 14–17
70/120
Re
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge2ha
ssi
xpa
ragr
aphs
,A–F.
Whi
chpa
rag
raphc
ont
ai
nst
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
i
on?
Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 t
hel
oca
ti
onoft
hef
ir
stt
ests
it
e
15 awa
yofbr
ingi
ngt
hepowe
rpr
odu
cedo
nones
it
eba
cki
nt
oBr
it
ai
n
16 ar
efe
rencet
oapr
evi
ousa
tte
mptbyBr
it
ai
ntof
inda
nal
te
rna
ti
ves
our
ceofe
ner
gy
17 me
nti
onoft
hepos
sibi
l
it
yofa
ppl
yi
ngt
ech
nol
ogyf
roma
not
heri
ndus
try
Questions 18–22
Choose FIVE letters, A–J.
Write the correct letters in boxes 18–22 on your answer sheet.
Whi
chFIVE oft
hef
oll
owi
ngcl
ai
msa
boutt
ida
lpowe
rar
ema
debyt
hewr
it
er?
AI
tisamor
ere
li
abl
esour
ceo
fene
rgyt
hanwi
ndpowe
r.
BI
twoul
dre
pla
cea
llot
herf
ormsofe
ner
gyi
nBr
it
ai
n.
CI
tsi
ntr
oduct
ionha
scomea
sar
esul
tofp
ubl
i
cpr
ess
ure
.
DI
twoul
dcutdownona
irp
oll
uti
on.
EI
tco
uldco
ntr
ibut
etot
hecl
osu
reofma
nye
xis
ti
ngpo
wers
tat
ionsi
nBr
it
ai
n.
F I
tcou
ldbeame
ansofi
ncr
eas
ingna
ti
ona
lincome
.
GI
tcoul
dfa
ceal
oto
fre
sis
tancef
romot
herf
ueli
ndus
tri
es.
HI
tcoul
dbes
oldmor
eche
apl
ytha
nanyo
the
rtypeo
ffue
l.
I I
tcou
ldcompe
nsa
tef
ort
hes
hor
tag
eofi
nl
ands
it
esf
ore
ner
gypr
oduc
ti
on.
J I
tisbe
stpr
oduce
dint
hevi
ci
ni
tyofcoa
stl
i
neswi
thp
art
icul
arf
eat
ure
s.
6
9
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Page 70
Test 3
Questions 23–26
Label the diagram below.
An Undersea Turbine
Whol
etowe
rca
nber
ais
ed
f
or23 a
ndtheext
ract
i
on
ofs
eawe
edf
romt
hebla
des
Ai
rbubbl
esr
esul
tfr
om Se
ali
fenoti
nda
nge
rduet
othe
t
he25 be
hindb
lade
s. f
actt
hatbl
ade
sar
ecompa
rat
i
vel
y
Th
isi
skno
wna
s26 24
70
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Page 71
Reading

READING PASSAGE 3
Passage 3 below.
I
nfo
rma
ti
ont
heo
ry–t
heb
igi
dea
Information theory lies at the heart of everything – from DVD players
and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most
fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of
communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has
therefore had a major impact on our lives
AI
nApri
l 2002ane
venttoo
kplacewhi
chdemons
trat
edoneofthemanyappl
ica
ti
ons
ofi
nformati
ont
heor
y.Th es
p a
cepr
obe
,VoyagerI,l
aun
chedin197
7 ,ha
ds e
ntbac
k
s
pect
acul
ari
mage
sofJ
upi
te
randSa
tur
nandt
hens
oar
edo
utoft
heSol
arSys
temona
one
-wa
ymi
ssi
ont
othes
tar
s.Af
ter25ye
arsofe
xpo
sur
etot
hef
ree
zingt
empe
rat
ure
s
ofde
eps
pace
,theprob
ewasbe
ginn
ingtoshowit
sage.Se
nsor
san
dcir
cui
tswe
re
ont
hebr
inko
ffai
li
ngandNASAexper
tsre
ali
sedt
hatt
heyhadt
odoso
me t
hi
ngor
l
osecon
tactwi
tht
hei
rpr
obef
ore
ver
.Thes
olu
ti
onwa
stog
etame
ssa
get
oVoya
ger
It
oins
truc
titt
ous
esp
are
stocha
nget
hef
ail
i
ngpa
rts
.Wi
t
hthep
rob
e12b
il
li
on
ki
l
ome
tre
sfr
om Ea
rth,t
hiswa
snota
nea
syt
ask.Byme
ansofar
adi
odi
shbe
longi
ng
t
oNASA’sDe e
pSpaceNet
wor
k,t
heme s
sagewasse
ntouti
ntot
hedept
hsofspa
ce.
Eve
ntr
ave
ll
ingatt
hespe
edofl
i
ght
,itt
ookover11ho
urst
oreachi
tst
arget
,fa
r
be
yondt
heor
bitofPl
uto
.Ye
t,i
ncr
edi
bl
y,t
hel
i
ttl
epr
obema
nage
dtohe
art
hef
ain
t
ca
llf
rom i
tsh
omep
lane
t,a
nds
ucc
ess
ful
l
yma
det
hes
wit
chov
er.
BI
twasthelonge
st-di
st
ancerepa
irjobinhi
stor
y,andatriumphfortheNASA
eng
inee
rs.Butital
sohigh
li
ghte
dt heast
oni
shi
ngp owero ft
het
e chni
que
sd ev
elop
ed
byAme r
icancommunicati
onsengine
erClaud
eSh a
n non,whohadd i
edjus
tay e
ar
e
arl
i
er.Bor
nin1
916i
nPe
tos
key,Mi
chi
gan,Sha
nnons
howe
dane
arl
yta
len
tfor
ma
thsa
ndf
orbui
l
dingga
dge
ts,a
ndma
debr
eakt
hroughsi
nthef
ounda
ti
onsof
comp
ute
rte
chnol
ogywhe
nst
i
llas
tude
nt.Whi
l
eatBe
llLa
bor
ato
rie
s,Sha
nno
n
dev
elo
pedinfor
ma t
iont
heor
y,butshun
nedther
esul
ti
ngaccl
ai
m.I
nt he1940
s,
hesi
ngle
-hande
dlycrea
teda
nenti
resci
enceofcommuni
cat
ionwhi
chh a
ssince
i
nve
igl
edi
tswa
yint
oahos
tofa
ppl
i
cat
io
ns,f
rom DVDst
osa
tel
l
it
eco
mmuni
cat
io
ns
t
oba
rco
des–a
nya
rea
,ins
hor
t,wh
ereda
tah
ast
obeco
nve
yedr
api
dl
yye
t
a
ccur
ate
ly.
7
1
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Page 72
Test 3
C Thi
sal
lse
emsli
ghtye
arsawayfr
omthedown-
to-
ear
thus
esSha
nnonor
igi
nal
l
y
hadf
orhiswor
k,whichbe
ganwhe
nh ewasa22-y
ear
-ol
dgr
adua
tee
ngine
eri
ng
st
udenta
tthepre
sti
gi
ousMass
achus
ett
sIns
ti
tut
eofTechnol
ogyi
n1939.Hesetou
t
wit
hana pp
are
ntl
ysimpl
eai
m:topi
nd o
wnthep r
eci
semeani
ngoft
heconcep
t
o
f‘i
nfor
mat
ion’
.Themos
tba
sicf
ormofi
nfor
mat
ion,Sha
nnona
rgue
d,i
swh
ethe
r
s
ome
thi
ngi
str
ueorf
als
e–whi
chca
nbeca
ptur
edi
nthebi
nar
yun
it
,or‘
bit
’,o
fthe
f
orm 1o
r0.Ha
vingi
dent
i
fie
dthi
sfunda
ment
aluni
t
,Sh
anno
nse
tabo
utde
fini
ng
o
ther
wis
evaguei
dea
sabouti
nfor
mati
onandhowtotrans
miti
tfr
omp la
cetopla
ce.
I
nthepr
oce
sshedis
cover
edsomethi
ngs
urpr
isi
ng:i
tisal
wayspos
sibl
etogua
rante
e
i
nfor
mat
ionwi
l
lge
tthr
oug
hra
ndo
min
ter
fer
ence–‘
noi
se’–i
nt
act
.
D Noi
seus
ual
l
yme
ansunwa
nte
dsoun
dswhi
chi
nte
rfe
rewi
thge
nui
nei
nfor
mat
ion.
I
nforma
ti
ont
heor
ygener
ali
sesthi
side
aviat
heoremsth
atca
ptur
etheef
fect
sof
n
oisewit
hmat
hemat
i
calpreci
si
on.Inpar
ti
cul
ar,Sha
nnonshowedt
hatnoi
sese
ts
al
i
mitont
her
atea
twhi
chi
nfor
mat
ionca
npa
ssa
longco
mmuni
cat
io
ncha
nne
ls
whi
l
ere
mai
ni
nge
rro
r-f
ree
.Thi
sra
ted
epe
ndsont
her
el
at
ives
tre
ngt
hso
fth
esi
gna
l
a
ndno
iset
rave
ll
in
gdownt
hecommun
ica
ti
onch
ann
el,a
ndoni
t
sca
paci
t
y(i
ts
‘
bandwi
dth’
).Ther
esul
ti
ngl
i
mit
,gi
veninuni
tsofb
it
spersec
on d,ist
heabs
olut
e
maxi
mum rat
eofer
ror
-fr
eec
ommunica
ti
ongive
nsi
gnal
str
engtha ndnoi
sel
eve
l.The
t
ri
ck,Sha
nnons
howe
d,i
stof
indwa
ysofpa
cka
gingup–‘
codi
ng’–i
nfo
rma
ti
ont
o
c
opewi
tht
her
ava
gesofn
ois
e,whi
l
est
ayi
ngwi
thi
nth
ein
for
mat
ion-
car
ryi
ngca
paci
t
y
–‘
bandwi
dth’–oft
hecommun
ica
ti
ons
yst
emb
ein
gus
ed.
E Ove
rt heye
arssci
ent
is
tsha
ved evi
sedmanysuchco
dingmet
hods
,an dthe
yhave
provedcruci
ali
nmanytechnol
ogi
calf
eat
s.TheVoya
g e
rspa
cecr
afttr
ansmi
tt
ed
d
atau
sin
gcode
swh
icha
dde
donee
xtr
abi
tfore
ver
ysi
ngl
ebi
tofi
nfor
mat
ion;t
he
r
esul
twa
sane
rrorr
ateofj
ustonebi
tin10,
000–a
nds
tunni
ngl
ycl
earp
ict
ure
sof
th
eplanets
.Othe
rcode
shaveb
ecomepar
to fe
ver
ydayli
fe–suchast
heUnive
rsa
l
Produ
c tCode
,orba
rcode
,whichus
esasimpl
eerr
or-
detec
ti
ngsys
temtha
tensur
es
s
upe
rma
rke
tche
ck-
outl
ase
rsc
anr
eadt
hep
ricee
veno
n,s
ay,acr
ump
ledba
gof
c
ris
ps.Asr
ece
ntl
yas199
3,e
ngi
nee
rsma
deama
jorbr
eakt
hrou
ghbydi
sco
ver
ing
s
o-ca
ll
edt
urbocode
s–whi
chc
omev
erycl
oset
oSha
nno
n’sul
ti
mat
eli
mitf
ort
he
ma
ximum r
atetha
tdat
acanbetr
ans
mit
te
dre
li
abl
y,a
ndnowpl
ayake
yrol
eint
he
mobi
l
evi
deophonere
volut
i
on.
F Sha
nnona
lsol
ai
dthef
oun
dat
ionsofmor
eef
fi
ci
entwa
ysofs
tor
ingi
nfor
mat
ion
,by
s
tri
ppi
ngouts
upe
rfl
uous(
‘re
dund
ant
’)bi
tsf
romda
tawhi
chcont
ri
but
edl
i
tt
ler
eal
i
nfor
ma t
ion.Asmobi
lephonet
extmess
age
sli
ke‘
ICNCU’s how,i
ti
softe
np oss
ibl
e
t
oleaveoutalotofd
atawit
houtl
osi
ngmuchmea
ning.Aswi
t
herr
orcor
rect
ion
,
h
owe
ver
,the
re’
sal
i
mitbe
yondwhi
chme
ssa
gesbe
comet
ooa
mbi
guous
.Sha
nnon
s
howe
dho
wtoca
lcul
at
ethi
sli
mit
,ope
ningt
hewa
ytot
hede
signofcomp
res
sion
me
thod
stha
tcr
am ma
ximu
minf
orma
ti
oni
ntot
hemi
ni
mums
pace
.
72
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Page 73

Reading
Questions 27–32
Re
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge3ha
ssi
xpa
ragr
aphs
,A–F.
Whi
chpa
rag
raphc
ont
ai
nst
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
i
on?
Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 27–32 on your answer sheet.
27 a
nexpl
ana
ti
onoft
hef
act
orsa
ffe
cti
ngt
het
rans
mis
sionofi
nfor
mat
ion
28 a
nexa
mpl
eofh
ow unne
ces
sar
yinf
orma
ti
onca
nbeomi
tt
ed
29 ar
efe
rencet
oSha
nnon’
sat
ti
tudet
ofa
me
30 de
tai
l
sofama
chi
neca
pabl
eofi
nte
rpr
eti
ngi
ncompl
et
einf
orma
ti
on
31 ade
tai
l
eda
ccou
ntofa
nin
cide
nti
nvol
vi
ngi
nfo
rma
ti
ont
heor
y
32 ar
efe
rencet
owha
tSha
nno
nini
ti
al
lyi
nte
nde
dtoa
chi
evei
nhi
sre
sea
rch
7
3
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Page 74
Test 3
Questions 33–37
TheVoy
age
r1Spa
cePr
obe
•Thepr
obet
rans
mit
tedpi
ctur
esofbot
h33 a
nd ,t
henl
eft
t
he34 .
•Thef
ree
zingt
empe
rat
ure
swe
ref
oundt
oha
veane
gat
ivee
ffe
ctonp
art
soft
he
s
pacepr
obe
.
•Sci
ent
is
tsf
ear
edt
hatbot
hthe35 a
nd we
rea
boutt
ost
opwo
rki
ng.
•Theonl
yhopewastotel
lthepr
obetore
placethem wi
th36 –butdi
st
ance
madecommuni
cat
ionwi t
hthep
robedif
fi
c ul
t
.
•A37 wa
sus
edt
otr
ans
mitt
heme
ssa
gea
tthes
pee
dofl
i
ght
.
•Theme
ssa
gewa
spi
cke
dupbyt
hepr
obea
ndt
hes
wit
chove
rtoo
kpl
ace
.
74
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Page 75
Reading
Questions 38–40
Dot
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntsa
gre
ewi
tht
hei
nfor
mat
iongi
veni
nRe
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge3?

38 Theconceptofdes
cribi
ngsome
thinga
strueorf
als
ewa st
hest
art
ingpo
intf
or
Shannoninhisat
temptst
osendmessa
gesoverdi
st
ance
s.
39 Thea
mountofinf
ormati
onthatca
nb ese
nti
nag i
venti
mepe
rio
disd
ete
rmi
ned
wi
thr
efer
encetothesi
gnalst
rengt
handnoi
sel
evel
.
40 Pr
oductshavenow be
endevel
ope
dwh ichca
nconve
ymor
einf
orma
ti
ont
han
Shannonhadant
ici
pat
edaspossi
bl
e.
7
5
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Page 76
Test 3
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout20mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen
and Italy in 2000 and projections for 2050.
Wr
it
eatl
eas
t150wor
ds.
76

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Page 77
Writing
WRITING TASK 2
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout40mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
Wr
it
eaboutt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
c:
Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing
the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have
little effect on public health and that other measures are required.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Gi
v er
easonsforyourans
wera
ndi
ncl
udea
nyr
ele
vante
xampl
esf
romyourown
knowl
edgeo rexpe
rie
nce.
Wr
it
eatl
eas
t25
0wor
ds.
7
7
79/120
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Page 78
Test 3
SPEAKING
PART 1
Theexa
mineras
kstheca
ndi
dat
eabouthi
m/he
rse
lf,hi
s/
herho
me,wor
kors
tudi
esa
nd
ot
herf
amil
i
artopi
cs.
EXAMPLE
Telephoning
•How of
tendoyouma kete
lephonecal
l
s?[Why/Whyn ot
?]
•Whodoyouspendmostt i
met al
kin
gtoo nt
hetel
ephone
?[Wh y?]
•Whendoyout hi
nkyou’l
lnextmakeatel
ephonecal
l
?[Wh y?
]
•Doyous ome
ti
me spr
efertosendatextmes
sageins
tea
do ft
ele
phoni
ng?[
Why/
Whyn
ot?
]
PART 2
Describe a journey [e.g. by car, Youwi llha

v etota
lkab outthetopi
c
plane, boat] that you remember well. foronetotwomi n
utes.Yo uh a
veo ne
minutetothinkaboutwh atyoua r
e
You should say:
goingtosay.Yo ucanma k esome
where you went
notestohelpyouify ouwi sh
.
how you travelled
why you went on the journey
and explain why you remember this
journey well.
PART 3
Discussion topics:
Reasons for daily travel
Example questions:
Whydope oplene edt otraveleve
r yd
ay ?
Whatpr obl
emsc anpe op
leh avewhentheyareonthe
irda
il
yjour
neyt
owo r
korschool
forexamp l
e?Wh yi sthis
?
Somep eoples ayt h atdai
lyjourneysl
ikethe
sewil
lnotbesocommonint
hefut
ure
.Do
youa gr
eeo rdi sagree ?Wh y?
Benefits of international travel
Example questions:
Whatdoy out hinkp e
opleca
nlearnfr
omtrave
ll
ingt
oothe
rcountr
ie
s?Why?
Cantravelma k eap osi
ti
vedi
ffer
encetot
heeconomyofacountr
y?How?
Doy outhinkas oc iet
yc anbe
nefi
tifi
tsmembersha
veexper
ie
nceoftr
ave
ll
ingt
oot
her
count
ri
es ?Inwha twa ys?
80/120
78
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Page 79
Te
st4
LISTENING
Questions 1–4
Health Centres
Name of centre Doctor’s name Advantage
TheHa
rve
yCl
i
nic Example e
spe
cia
ll
ygoodwi
th1
Dr Gr
een
The2 DrFul
l
er of
fer
s3 a
ppo
int
ment
s
He
alt
hPr
act
ice
TheShor
eLa
ne Dr4
He
alt
hCe
ntr
e
Questions 5–6
Choose TWO letters, A–E.
Whi
chTWO oft hef o
llowingar
eof
fer
edf
reeofcha
rgea
tSh
oreLa
neHe
alt
hCe
ntr
e?
Aa cupuncture
Be mployme ntme di
cal
s
Cs port
sinjurytherapy
Dt r
a v
eladvice
E vacci
nat
ions

7
9
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Page 80
Test 4
Questions 7–10
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Talks for patients at Shore Lane Health Centre
Subject of talk Date/Time Location Notes
Gi
vi
ngup 25
th r
oom4 us
efulf
orpe
opl
ewi
t
h
s
mok
ing Fe
bru
arya
t a
sthmao
r7
7p
m pr
obl
ems
He
alt
hye
ati
ng 1stMa
rcha
t t
he8 a
nyonewe
lco
me
5p
m (
Shor
eLa
ne)
Avo
idi
ngi
nj
uri
es 9thMa
rcha
t r
oom6 f
ora
ll10
dur
inge
xer
cis
e 9

80
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Page 81
Listening
Questions 11–13
Label the diagram below.
Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–E, next to
questions 11–13.
Ae
lect
ri
ci
tyi
ndi
cat
or
Bon
/of
fswi
t
ch
Cr
ese
tbut
ton
Dt
i
mec
ont
rol
E wa
rni
ngi
ndi
cat
or
Water Heater
central heating
radiators
hot water
11
13
12

8
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Page 82
Test 4
Questions 14–18
Whe
rec
ane
achoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
te
msbef
ound?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–G, next to
questions 14–18.
Locations
Ai
nboxonwa
shi
ngma
chi
ne
Bi
ncupboa
rdonl
andi
ng
Ci
nche
sto
fdr
awe
rs
Dne
xtt
owi
ndowi
nli
vi
ngr
oom
Eons
hel
fbyba
ckdoo
r
F o
ntopoft
el
evi
si
on
Gund
erki
tche
nsi
nk
14 pi
l
lows
15 wa
shi
ngpo
wde
r
16 ke
y
17 l
i
ghtbul
bs
18 ma
p
Questions 19 and 20
Thebe
stpl
acet
opa
rki
nto
wn–ne
xtt
othes
tat
io
n
Ph
onen
umbe
rfort
ake
awa
ypi
zza
s–19
Ra
il
waymus
eum cl
ose
don20
84/120
82
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Page 83
Listening
SECTION 3 Questions 21 – 30
Questions 21 and 22
21 I
nhe
rhomecoun
try
,Ki
raha
d
Acomplet
edacourse
.
Bdonetwoyearsofacour
se.
Cf
oun dherco
ursedif
fi
cul
t.
22 Tos
ucce
edwi
tha
ssi
gnme
nts
,Ki
raha
dto
Ar ea
df as
ter.
B writ
efaste
r.
Cc hangeherwayoft
hinki
ng.
Questions 23–25
Complete the sentences below.
23 Ki
rasa
ystha
tle
ctur
ersa
ree
asi
ert
o t
hant
hos
einhe
rhome
cou
ntr
y.
24 Pa
ulsugges
tst
hatKi
rama
ybemor
e t
hanwhe
nshewa
sst
udyi
ng
be
fore.
25 Ki
ras
ayst
hats
tud
ent
swa ntt
odis
cus
sthi
ngst
hatwo
rryt
hemort
hat
the
mv erymuc
h.

8
3
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Page 84
Test 4
Questions 26–30
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
26 How di
dthes
tude
ntsd
othe
irpr
act
i
cals
ess
ions
?
27 I
nthes
econds
eme
ste
rhow of
tendi
dKi
rawor
kinahos
pit
al
?
28 How mu
chf
ull
-t
imewor
kdi
dKi
radodu
ringt
heye
ar?
29 Ha
vingco
mpl
et
edt
heye
ar,howdo
esKi
raf
eel
?
30 I
naddi
ti
ont
othel
ang
uag
e,wha
tdoove
rse
ass
tude
ntsne
edt
obe
comef
ami
l
iar
wi
th?
84
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Page 85
Listening
Questions 31–36
Wildlife in city gardens
31 Wha
tle
dtheg
rou
ptocho
oset
hei
rtopi
c?
A The
ywe
reconcer
nedaboutt
hedecl
i
neo fonespe
cie
s.
B The
ywe
rei
nter
est
edintheef
fect
sofcit
yg r
owth.
C The
ywa
nte
dtoinves
ti
gatearec
entphe
no meno
n.
32 Thee
xactpr
opor
ti
onofl
andde
vot
edt
opr
iva
tega
rde
nswa
sco
nfi
rme
dby
Acons
ult
ingsomeoffi
ci
aldocument
s.
Bt
aki
nglarge-
sca
lephot
os.
Cdi
scuss
ionswit
htowns ur
veyor
s.
33 Thegr
oupa
ske
dga
rde
nowne
rst
o
At
akepartinfor
malint
ervi
ews.
Bke
e parecor
do fa
nimalst
heys a
w.
Cgetinc
on t
actwhentheysaw arar
espe
cie
s.
34 Thegr
oupma
det
hei
rob
ser
vat
ionsi
nga
rde
ns
A whi
chhadala
rgenumberofa
nimals
pecie
s.
B whi
cht
heyconsi
der
edtobere
pres
entat
iv
e.
C whi
chhadst
abl
epopul
at
ionso
frar
ea ni
mals.
35 Thegr
oupd
ide
xte
nsi
ver
eadi
ngon
A wildl
ifeprobl
e msinrura
lare
as.
Bu rbana ni
ma lpopul
at
ions
.
Cc urrentgardeningpr
acti
ces
.
36 Thes
pea
kerf
ocus
esont
hre
eani
mals
pec
iesb
eca
use
A al
otofdat
ahasbe
enobta
ine
daboutt
hem.
Bthegrou
pwe r
emosti
nte
rest
edi
nthem.
Ct
heybe
sti
ndi
cat
edg
ene
ralt
rend
s.
8
5
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Page 86
Test 4
Questions 37–40
Animals Reason for population Comments

increase in gardens
37 s
uit
abl
est
ret
che
sofwa
ter ma
ssi
vei
ncr
eas
ein
ur
banpopu
lat
io
n
He
dge
hogs s
afe
rfr
om 38 e
asyt
o39
wh
eni
nci
ti
es t
hema
ccur
ate
ly
So
ngt
hrus
hes –ava
rie
tyof40 l
ar
ges
urv
eys
tar
ti
ngs
oon
t
oea
t
–mor
ene
sti
ngpl
ace
s
a
vai
l
abl
e
86
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Page 87
Reading
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
Passage 1 below.
The life and work of Marie Curie

Ma ri
eCu rieisprobablythemo stfa mouswo ma n
sci
enti
stwh oh asev erli
ve d.Bo rnMa r
iaSk l
o dows ka
i
nPo landin1 867,sheisf amo usfo rherwo rko n
rad
ioacti
vity,andwa stwi ceawi nnero ftheNo bel
Pri
ze.Wi thh erhusband,Pi erreCu ri
e,a n
dHe nr
i
Becquerel,shewa sa wa rdedt he1 903No bel Prizefor
Physic
s, andwa sthens olewi nnero fthe1 911No bel
Pri
zeforCh emist
ry.Sh ewa sthef i
rstwo ma nt owi na
Nob el
Pr i
ze.
Fromc h i
l
d hoo
d, Ma ri
ewa sre ma r
ka b
lefo rh er
pro
d i
gi
ou sme mo r
y, anda tthea geo f16wo nag old
med al
onc omp l
et
iono fhe rse co
n darye d
u cati
on .Be ca
u sehe rfath
erlosthi
ss av
ingsthrough
badinvestme nt
,sheth enh adt otakewo r
ka sat eacher.Fromh erearni
ngsshewa sa b
leto
fi
nanceh ersiste
rBr onia’sme di
cal st
udiesinPa r i
s,ontheu nderstand
ingthatBroniawo ul
d,i
n
tu
rn,lat
erh elphertog eta ne ducation.
In189 1thispromisewa sf ul
fi
ll
eda ndMa riewe nttoPa risandb egantostudyatthe
Sorbonne( t
heUn iversi
tyo fPa ri
s).Sh eo f
tenwo r
kedfa rint
ot henightandli
vedo nli
tt
l
emo r
e
th
anb reada ndb ut
tera ndte a.Shec amef irstint h
ee xami n
a t
ioninthep hys
icals
ciencesin
1893,andin1 894wa sp lace dseco ndinthee x aminati
oni nma themati
c a
lsci
e n
ces.Itwa snot
unt
ilth
es pringofthaty eart hatshewa sint
ro ducedt oPierreCu ri
e.
Theirma rri
agein1 895ma r
kedt hes t
arto fap artne
r s
h i
pth a
twa ss oont
oa chi
ev er
e su
lt
so f
worldsi
gnif
ican
ce.Fo l
l
o wingHe n
riBecquerel
’sdi
sco v
eryin1896o fan ewp henomenon, whic
h
Ma r
ielat
ercall
ed‘radi
oa c
ti
v i
t
y’,MarieCuri
ed eci
dedtofindoutiftheradioact
ivi
tydi
scove r
ed
i
nu rani
umwa stob efoundino t
herel
eme nt
s.Shed i
scovere
dthatthiswa strueforth
orium.
Turni
ngheratt
e nt
iontomineral
s,shefoundherinte
restdra
wnt op i
tchblen
d e
,ami ner
a l
whoser ad
ioact
i
vit
y, s
uperi
ortothatofpureurani
um, coul
db eexpl
a i
nedo nlybythepresence
i
ntheo reofsmallquant
iti
esofanu nknownsubsta
nc eofveryhighac t
i
v i
t
y .Pi
e r
reCu r
iejoi
ned
herintheworkthatsheh adundert
akentoresol
vethisprobl
em, a
n dthatl
e dtothedis
cove r
y
ofthenewe l
eme nt
s,poloni
uma ndradiu
m.Wh i
lePierr
eCu ri
ed e
v ot
edh i
ms el
fc hi
efl
yto
t
hep hysi
calst
udyo fth
en ewr adi
ati
ons,Mari
eCu ri
es t
ruggl
edtoo bt
a i
np ureradi
umint he
metall
i
cs t
ate
.Th i
swa sa chi
evedwiththehel
po fthechemistAndré-LouisDe bi
erne,oneo f
8
7
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Page 88
Test 4
Pier
reCu ri
e ’
sp u pi
ls
.Ba sedo nther esult
so fthi
sr esearch,Ma ri
eCu r
ierec
e i
vedh erDo ct
orate
ofSc i
en ce,andi n1 903Ma r
iean dPierresh aredwi t
hBe cque relt
heNo b
elPrizef orPh ysi
csfor
t
hed isco v
e r
yo fr adi
oa ct
ivi
ty.
Th eb i
rthso fMa rie’stwod aughters,Ir
è nea ndEv e,i
n1 897a nd1 904fai
ledtoi nterr
upt
herscien t
if
icwo rk.Sh ewa sappo i
ntedlecturerinp hys
icsatth eÉc ol
eNo rma l
eSu péri
eurefor
gi
rl
si nSè vres,Fr ance( 1900)
,an dint
rod ucedame thodoftea chi
ngb asedone xpe ri
me ntal
demo nstrat
ions.I nDe cemb er190 4shewa sa ppoi
ntedc hi
efa ssi
stanti
nthelab oratorydire
cted
byPie rreCu ri
e .
Th es uddend e at
ho fh e
rh usbandin1 90 6wa sab it
terblowt oMa r
ieCurie,butwa sals
oa
t
urningp ointinh ercar eer
:hence f
o r
ths hewa stod evotea l
lhe renergytocomp leti
nga lone
t
hes cien t
i
ficwo rkthattheyh adu nder
ta k
en .OnMa y1 3,1906 ,shewa sappoint
e dtot he
prof
e ssorshi
pt hath adb eenlef
tv acanto nh erhusband’sd eat
h ,becomingthef i
rstwo ma nto
t
eac ha ttheSo rbo nne.In19 1
1s hewa sawa r
dedt heNo belPr i
zeforCh emist
ryf orth eiso
lat
ion
ofap uref ormo fradi
u m.
Du ringWo rl
dWa rI ,Ma r
ieCu ri
e,wi t
ht heh el
po fherd aug h
terIrène,d
e vot
e dh ersel
ftothe
developme nto ftheu seo fX-radiogr
ap hy,i
n cl
udingthemo bi
leu ni
tswh i
chca met ob ek nown
as‘Littl
eCu ri
es’,u s
edf orthetreatmen tofwo und edsoldi
ers.In1 918theRa diumI nstit
ute,
who ses ta
ffI r
è neh adjoined,begantoo pera t
eine arnest
,andb ecameac entrefo rnuc l
ear
physi
c sa ndc hemi st
ry.Ma ri
eCu r
ie,nowa tthehighestpointofh erfamea nd,from1 922,a
memb e roft heAc ademyo fMe di
cine,researchedt hechemistryo fradi
oact
ives ub s
tancesa nd
t
heirme di
ca lappli
c a
ti
o ns.
In1 921, accomp an i
edb yhertwod augh t
ers,Ma ri
eCu ri
ema deat ri
umph ant
jou r
n eytothe
UnitedSt atestor ais
ef undsforre se
arc honr adium.Wo ment herep r
esent
edh erwi thag r
amo f
radi
umf orh erca mpaign.Ma ri
ea lsoga velecturesinBe l
g i
um, Brazil
,Spai
na ndCz echoslova
kia
and,ina ddit
ion,h adthes at
isf
actionofs eei
n gthed evel
o pmento ftheCu ri
eFo unda t
ionin
Pari
s, andt heina ugur
a ti
onin19 32inWa rsawo ftheRa di
umI n s
ti
tute,whereh ers i
sterBroni
a
becamed ir
e ct
o r
.
On eo fMa ri
eCu r
ie’sou t
st
a ndi
nga c h
ieveme ntswa stoh aveu nderst
oodthen e edto
accumu lateintenser adio
a c
tiv
es ources, n
oto nl
yt otreatil
ln
e ssbuta l
sotoma int
a i
na n
abunda ntsupp l
yf orresearch.Th eexistenceinPa risattheRa di
umI nsti
t
uteo fas tocko f1.5
gramso fradiumma dead eci
si
v ec o
ntribut
iontot hesucce s
so fthee xperi
men t
su n d
e rt
aken
i
ntheye ar
sa r
ound1 930
.Th i
swo r
kp r
e p
a r
edthewa yforthed i
scover
yo ftheneutro
nb y
Si
rJame sChadwicka nd,a
bovea l
l
,forthediscov
e r
yin1934b yIrèneandFré d
éri
cJ ol
iot
-
Curi
eofa rt
i
fic
ialr
a d
ioact
ivi
ty
.Af ewmo nt
hsa f
terthi
sdis
cov e
ry,Ma r
ieCu r
iediedasar e
sul
t
ofl
eukaemiacausedb yexposur
etoradiat
ion.Shehado f
tenc ar
ri
edtesttubescontai
ni
ng
rad
ioac
tivei
sotopesi
nh erpocket
,remarki
ngo ntheprett
yblue-gr
eenli
ghttheyg a
v eoff
.
Hercontr
ibut
iontophysi
cshadb eenimme nse
, n
otonlyinherownwo rk
,theimp or
tan
ce
ofwhichhadb ee
nd emonstr
atedbyh e
rtwoNo belPri
zes,butbecau
seo fherinf
luenceon
subs
equentgenerat
ionsofnucl
earphysi
cist
sa ndchemist
s.
88
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Page 89
Reading
Questions 1–6
TRUE i
fth
es t
ate
mentagr
eeswitht
heinfor
mat
ion
FALSE i
fth
es t
ate
mentcont
radi
ctst
heinf
ormat
ion
NOT GIVEN i
fth
ereisnoi
nfor
ma t
iononthi
s
1 Ma
rieCu
rie
’shu
sba
ndwa
saj
oi
ntwi
nne
rofbot
hMa
ri
e’
sNobe
lPr
ize
s.
2 Ma
riebe
camei
nte
res
tedi
nsci
encewh
ens
hewa
sachi
l
d.
3 Mari
ewasa bl
etoa
tte
ndt
heSor
bonn
ebe
caus
eofhe
rsi
st
er’
sfi
nan
cia
l
con
tri
but
ion
.
4 Ma
ries
top
pedd
oingr
ese
archf
ors
eve
ralye
arswhe
nhe
rchi
l
dre
nwe
rebor
n.
5 Ma
riet
ooko
vert
het
eac
hingpo
sit
i
onh
erhus
ban
dha
dhe
ld.
6 Ma
rie
’ss
ist
erBr
oni
ast
udi
edt
heme
dica
lus
esofr
adi
oac
ti
vi
ty.

8
9
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Page 90
Test 4
Questions 7–13
Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Marie Curie’s research on radioactivity
•Whe
nur
ani
um wa
sdi
scove
redt
ober
adi
oact
ive
,Ma
rieCur
ief
oundt
hatt
he
e
leme
ntca
ll
ed7 ha
dthes
amepr
ope
rty.
•Ma
riea
ndPi
err
eCur
ie’
sre
sea
rchi
ntot
her
adi
oac
ti
vi
tyo
fthemi
ner
alkn
own
a
s8 l
edt
othedi
scove
ryoft
wone
wel
eme
nts
.
•I
n191
1,Ma
rieCur
ier
ece
ive
dre
cogn
it
ionf
orhe
rwor
kont
hee
leme
nt
9 .
•Ma
riea
ndI
rèneCur
iede
vel
ope
dX-
rad
iogr
aphywhi
chwa
sus
eda
same
dica
l
t
echni
quef
or10 .
•Ma
rieCur
ies
awt
hei
mpo
rta
nceofcol
l
ect
ingr
adi
oac
ti
vema
ter
ialbo
thf
or
r
ese
archa
ndf
orca
sesof11 .
•Ther
adi
oact
ivema
ter
ials
tocke
dinPa
ri
scon
tri
but
edt
othedi
scov
eri
esi
nthe
1930
soft
he12 a
ndofwha
twa
sknowna
sar
ti
fi
ci
alr
adi
oact
iv
it
y.

•Dur
inghe
rre
sea
rch,Ma
rieCu
riewa
sexp
ose
dtor
adi
at
io
nanda
sar
esu
lts
he
s
uff
ere
dfr
om 13 .
90
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Page 91
Reading
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26 which are based on Reading
Passage 2 below.
Young children’s sense of identity

A As
enseofsel
fde
vel
opsi
nyoun
gchil
dre
nb ydegr
ees
.Thepr
oces
scanusef
ull
ybe
t
houghto
fint
ermsoft
hegr
adu
alemergenceo
ftwosomewha
tse
par
atefeat
ure
s:
t
heself as a subject,a
ndt
heself as an object.Wi
l
li
amJ
ame
sint
roduce
dthed
ist
i
nct
ion
i
n1892
,andcont
empor
ari
esofhi
s,s
ucha
sCha
rl
esCoo
ley,a
dde
dtot
hede
vel
opi
ng
d
eba
te.Eve
rsi
ncet
henps
ychol
ogi
st
sha
vecon
ti
nue
dbui
l
dingo
nthet
heor
y.
B Accordi
ngtoJames
,ach il
d’sfi
rsts
tepo
nt her
oadtose
lf-
unde
rst
andi
ngcan
b eseenast
herecogni
ti
onthatheorsheexi
st
s.Thi
sisanaspe
ctoft
hesel
ftha
t
h ela
bell
ed‘
sel
f-
as-subj
ect’
,andhegaveitv
ari
ousel
ement
s.Thes
eincl
udeda
n
a
war
ene
sso
fon
e’sowna
gency(
i.
e.one
’sp
owe
rtoa
ct)
,anda
nawa
rene
ssofone
’s
d
ist
i
nct
ive
nes
sfr
om ot
herpe
opl
e.The
sef
eat
ure
sgr
adua
ll
yeme
rgea
sinf
ant
s
e
xpl
oret
hei
rwor
lda
ndi
nte
ractwi
thca
regi
ver
s.Cool
ey(
1902
)sugge
ste
dtha
ta
s
ens
eoft
hes
elf
-as
-subj
ectwa
spr
ima
ril
yconc
erne
dwi
thbe
inga
blet
oexe
rci
se
p
owe
r.Hep
rop
ose
dtha
tth
eea
rli
este
xampl
esoft
hi
sar
eani
nfa
nt’
sat
tempt
sto
c
ont
rolph
ysi
calo
bje
cts
,su
cha
sto
ysorhi
sorhe
rownl
i
mbs
.Thi
sisf
oll
owe
dby
a
tt
emp
tst
oaf
fectt
heb
eha
viourofot
herpe
opl
e.Fore
xampl
e,i
nfa
ntsl
ear
ntha
t
whe
nth
eyc
ryo
rsmi
l
esome
oner
esp
ondst
othe
m.
C Anot
herpowerf
uls
ourceofinfor
mati
onfori
nfa
ntsabo
utt
hee
ffe
ctst
heyca
n
h
aveontheworl
daroundthemispro
vide
dwh enot
her
smi
micthe
m.Many
p
are
ntss
pendal
otoft
ime
,pa
rti
cul
arl
yint
hee
arl
ymo
nths
,copyi
ngt
hei
rinf
ant
’s
vocal
iz
ati
onsa
ndexpre
ssi
ons
.Inaddi
ti
on,you
ngchi
ldre
ne nj
oyl
ooki
nginmir
ror
s,
wh e
rethemoveme
ntsthe
ycanse
earedepende
ntuponthe
irownmovement
s.
Thi
sisnott
osa
ytha
tinf
ant
sre
cogni
zet
her
efl
ect
io
nast
hei
rown i
mage(
ala
ter
d
eve
lop
ment
).Howe
ver
,Le
wisa
ndBr
ooks
-Gu
nn(
1979)s
ugge
stt
hati
nfa
nts
’
d
eve
lop
ingund
ers
tandi
ngt
hatt
hemove
ment
sthe
yse
eint
hemi
rr
ora
reco
nti
nge
nt
o
nthe
iro
wn,l
eadst
oagr
owi
nga
war
ene
sst
hatt
heya
redi
st
inctf
romot
herpe
opl
e.
Thi
sisbe
caus
ethe
y,a
ndonl
yth
ey,ca
ncha
nget
her
efl
ect
ioni
nthemi
rr
or.
D Thi
sunder
standi
ngtha
tchil
dre
ngai
nofthe
mse
lvesasact
iveagent
scont
inu
es
todeve
lopinthe
irat
tempt
stoco
-ope
rat
ewit
ho t
her
sinp l
ay.Dunn(198
8)poi
nts
o
utt
hati
tisi
nsuc
hda
y-t
o-da
yre
lat
io
nshi
psa
ndi
nt
era
cti
onst
hatt
hechi
l
d’s
u
nde
rst
and
ingofhi
s-orhe
rse
lfe
mer
ges
.Emp
iri
cal
inve
sti
gat
ion
soft
hes
elf
-as
-
s
ubj
ecti
nyoungchi
l
dre
nar
e,howe
ver
,ra
the
rsc
arceb
eca
useofdi
ff
icul
ti
eso
f
c
ommu
nica
ti
on:e
veni
fyoungi
nfa
ntsca
nre
fle
ctont
hei
rexp
eri
ence
,the
yce
rta
inl
y
c
ann
ote
xpr
esst
hisa
spe
ctoft
hes
elfd
ire
ctl
y.
9
1
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Page 92
Test 4
E Onc
echil
dre
nhaveacqui
redacer
tai
nle
velofsel
f-
awar
enes
s,the
yb e
gint
o
pla
cethe
mse
lvesinawho l
ese
rie
sofcat
e go
rie
s,whi
chtog
etherp
lays
ucha
n
i
mpor
tantpa
rti
nde
fini
ngt
hemuni
que
lya
s‘t
hems
elve
s’.Thi
sse
conds
tepi
nthe
de
vel
opmentofaf
ulls
ens
eofsel
fiswhatJ
amesca
ll
edt
he‘s
elf
-as
-obj
ect
’.Thi
shas
be
ensee
nbyma nytobet
heas
pectoft
hesel
fwhi
chismos
tinf
lue
ncedbysoci
al
e
leme
nts
,si
ncei
tisma
deupo
fsoc
ial
rol
es(
sucha
sst
ude
nt,br
othe
r,co
ll
eague
)and
ch
ara
cte
ris
ti
cswhi
chde
rivet
hei
rme
ani
ngf
romcompa
ris
onori
nte
ract
io
nwi
th
ot
herpe
opl
e(s
ucha
str
ust
wor
thi
nes
s,s
hyne
ss,s
por
ti
nga
bil
i
ty)
.
F Co
ole
yandotherr
ese
a r
cher
ssugge
ste
dac lo
seconne
cti
onbetwee
naperson’
sown
unde
rst
andi
ngofthei
rid
ent
i
tyando t
herpeo
ple
’sunde
rst
andi
ngofi
t.Cool
ey
be
li
eve
dtha
tpe
opl
ebui
l
dupt
hei
rse
nseo
fide
nti
t
yfr
omt
her
eact
ionsofot
her
s
t
othe
m,a
ndf
romt
hevi
ewt
heybe
li
eveot
her
sha
veoft
hem.Heca
ll
edt
hes
elf
-
a
s-obj
ectt
he‘
looki
ng-
gla
sss
elf
’,s
incepe
opl
ecomet
ose
ethe
mse
lve
sast
heya
re
r
efl
ect
edi
nothe
rs.Mead(
1934)wenteve
nfurt
her
,andsawthesel
fandthesoci
al
worl
dasi
nex
tri
cabl
yboun
dtoget
her
:‘These
lfi
sesse
nti
al
lyasoci
alst
ruct
ure
,and
i
tar
ise
sins
oci
ale
xpe
rie
nce… i
tisi
mpos
sibl
etoconce
iveofas
elfa
ris
ingou
tsi
de
ofs
oci
ale
xpe
rie
nce
.’
G Le
wisandBrook
s-Gunnar
guedtha
tanimpo
rta
ntdeve
lopment
almi
les
tonei
s
re
achedwhenchi
ldr
enbecomeabl
etor
ecogni
zet
hems e
lve
svis
ual
lywit
houtt
he
s
uppor
tofs
eei
ngcon
tinge
ntmove
ment
.Thi
sre
cogn
it
iono
ccur
sar
oundt
hei
r
s
econ
dbi
rt
hda
y.I
nonee
xpe
rime
nt,Le
wisa
ndBr
ook
s-Gun
n(1
979)da
bbe
dsome
r
edp
owde
ront
hen
ose
sofchi
l
dre
nwhowe
rep
layi
ngi
nfr
ontofami
rr
or,a
ndt
hen
ob
ser
vedhow of
tent
heyt
ouch
edt
hei
rnos
es.Thep
syc
hol
ogi
st
sre
asone
dtha
tif
t
hechi
l
dre
nkn
ew wh
att
heyus
ual
l
ylo
oke
dli
ke,t
heywoul
dbes
urpr
ise
dbyt
he
un
usua
lre
dma
rka
ndwoul
dst
artt
ouc
hingi
t
.Ont
heot
herha
nd,t
heyf
oundt
hat

ch
il
drenof15t
o1 8mont
hsaregene
ral
lynota
blet
ore
cogn
izet
hems
elve
sunl
ess
ot
hercuess
uchasmovementar
eprese
nt.
H Fi
nal
l
y,per
hapsth
emos tgr
aph
ice
xpr
ess
ionsofse
lf-
awa
rene
ssi
nge
ner
alca
n
bese
eninthedis
pla
ysofra
gewhi
charemostcommonfr
om18mont
hsto3
ye
arso
fage
.Inal
ong
itudi
nals
tudyofgr
oupsoft
hre
eorf
ourchi
l
dre
n,Br
ons
on
(
1975
)fou
ndt
hatt
hei
nte
nsi
tyoft
hef
rus
tra
ti
ona
nda
nge
rint
hei
rdi
sagr
eeme
nts
i
ncr
eas
eds
har
plybe
twe
ent
hea
geso
f1a
nd2ye
ars
.Of
ten
,thech
il
dre
n’s
di
sag
ree
ment
sinvol
vedas
truggl
eov
erat
oyt
hatnoneoft
hemh
adpl
aye
dwi
th
be
for
eora
fte
rthet
ug-
of-
war
:th
echi
l
dre
nse
eme
dtobed
isp
uti
ngowne
rsh
ipr
athe
r
t
hanwa
nti
ngt
opl
aywi
thi
t.Al
thou
ghi
tma
ybel
essma
rke
dino
the
rso
cie
ti
es,t
he
l
i
nkbe
twe
ent
hes
ens
eof‘
sel
f’a
ndof‘
owne
rshi
p’i
sano
tabl
efe
atur
eofchi
l
dhood
i
nWe
ste
rns
oci
et
ie
s.
92
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09
Page 93
Reading
Questions 14–19
Re
adi
ngPa
ssa
ge2ha
sei
ghtp
ara
gra
phs
,A–H.
Whi
chpa
rag
raphc
ont
ai
nst
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
i
on?
Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 14–19 on your answer sheet.
14 a
naccoun
toft
heme
thodu
sedbyr
ese
arch
ersi
napa
rti
cul
ars
tudy
15 t
her
oleofi
mit
ati
oni
nde
vel
opi
ngas
ens
eofi
dent
i
ty
16 t
hea
gea
twhi
chchi
l
dre
nca
nus
ual
l
yide
nti
fyas
tat
ici
mageoft
hems
elve
s
17 ar
eas
onf
ort
hel
i
mit
ati
onsofs
cie
nti
fi
cre
sea
rchi
nto‘
sel
f-
as-
subj
ect
’
18 r
efe
rencet
oapos
sibl
eli
nkbe
twe
encul
tur
eandapa
rti
cul
arf
ormofb
eha
viou
r
19 e
xamplesoft
hewi
der
angeoff
eat
ure
stha
tco
ntr
ibut
etot
hes
ens
eof‘
sel
f-
as-
obj
ect’

9
3
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Page 94
Test 4
Questions 20–23
Look at the following findings (Questions 20–23) and the list of researchers below.
Match each finding with the correct researcher or researchers, A–E.
Write the correct letter, A–E, in boxes 20–23 on your answer sheet.
20 As
ens
eofi
dent
it
yca
nne
verbef
orme
dwi
tho
utr
ela
ti
ons
hipswi
thot
herpe
opl
e.
21 Achi
l
d’sa
war
ene
ssofs
elfi
sre
lat
edt
oas
ens
eofma
ste
ryov
ert
hing
san
dpe
opl
e.
22 Atace
rta
ina
ge,chi
l
dre
n’ss
ens
eofi
dent
it
yle
adst
oag
gre
ssi
vebe
havi
our
.
23 Obs
erv
ingt
hei
rownr
efl
ect
ioncont
ri
but
est
ochi
l
dre
n’ss
elfa
war
ene
ss.
List of Researchers
AJ
ame
s
B Cool
ey
C Le
wisa
ndBr
ooks
-Gunn
D Me
ad
E Br
ons
on

94
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Page 95
Reading
Questions 24–26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
How children acquire a sense of identity
Fi
rst
,chi
l
dre
ncomet
ore
ali
set
hatt
heyc
anha
vea
nef
fectont
hewo
rlda
roundt
hem,
f
ore
xampl
ebyh
andl
i
ngob
jec
ts,orca
usi
ngt
hei
maget
omovewhe
nthe
yfa
cea
24 .Thi
sas
pec
tofs
elf
-awa
rene
ssi
sdi
ff
icu
ltt
ore
sea
rchd
ire
ctl
y,be
caus
eof
25 p
rob
lems
.
Se
condl
y,chi
l
dre
nst
artt
obe
comea
war
eofhowt
heya
revi
ewe
dbyot
her
s.One
i
mpor
tants
tagei
nthi
spr
oce
ssi
sth
evi
sua
lre
cogni
t
ionoft
hems
elve
swhi
chus
ual
l
y
occur
swh
ent
heyr
eacht
hea
geoft
wo.I
nWe
ste
rns
oci
et
ie
satl
eas
t,t
hed
eve
lopme
nt
ofs
elfa
war
ene
ssi
sof
tenl
i
nke
dtoas
ens
eof26 ,a
ndca
nle
adt
odi
spu
tes
.

9
5
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Page 96
Test 4
READING PASSAGE 3
Passage 3
Questions 27–30
Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A–F.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–vii, in boxes 27–30 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Comme
rci
alp
res
sur
eso
npe
opl
eincha
rge
ii Mi
xedvi
ewso
ncur
rentcha
nge
stomus
eums
iii I
nte
rpr
eti
ngt
hef
act
stome
etvi
si
tore
xpe
cta
ti
ons

iv Thei
nte
rna
ti
ona
ldi
mens
ion
v Col
l
ect
ion
soff
act
uale
vide
nce
vi Fe
werdi
ff
ere
nce
sbe
twe
enpu
bli
cat
tr
act
ion
s
vii Cur
rentr
evi
ewsa
nds
ugge
sti
ons
Example
Pa
ragr
aphA
27 Pa
ragr
aphB
28 Pa
ragr
aphC
29 Pa
ragr
aphD
30 Pa
ragr
aphEQuestions 31–36
96
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Page 97
Reading
The Development of
Museums
A Th
eco
nvi
ct
io
nth
ath
ist
ori
cal
rel
i
csp
rov
idei
nfa
ll
ib
let
est
i
mon
yab
outt
hep
asti
s
root
edi nthen i
neteent
ha nde arl
yt we n
ti
e thc ent
uri
es,wh enscien cewa sr
egarded
asob j
ecti
vea ndv al
uefree.Aso newr it
e rob ser
ves:‘Alt
houghi tisnowe vi
dentthat
art
efactsarea se as
il
ya l
tereda sch r
onicl
e s,publi
cfait
hintheirv eraci
tyendur
es:a
tangi
blereli
cs eemsipso facto real
.’Suc hc onvict
ionwa s
,u n
tilrecentl
y,r
efle
ctedin
mu s
e umd i
sp l
ays.Mu seumsu sedt olook–a nds omes t
il
ldo–mu chli
kestora
ge
roomso fobjectspackedto g
e t
h erinshowc as es:goodforscholarswh owa nt
edto
st
u d
yt hesub t
led i
ff
erencesind esign,butn otfortheordi
naryv i
s i
tor,t
owh omitall
l
oo k
e dali
ke.Simi l
arl
y,t
hei nformationacc omp anyi
ngtheo bj
ec t
so ftenmadelit
tl
e
sensetot h
el ayv i
si
tor
.Th ec ontentandf orma tofexplanat
ionsd atedbacktoatime
wh enthemu s
eu mwa sthee xclusi
v edoma ino fthescient
i
ficrese arche
r.
B Re
ce n
tly,howe ver,at
ti
tud
est owa rdsh i
st
orya n dthewa yitshouldb ep r
esent
ed
havea l
tered.Th ekeywo rdinh erit
aged ispl
a yisnow‘ experi
enc e’,t
hemo reexci
ti
ng
thebetterand,ifpossi
bl
e, i
nvo l
vinga l
lth
es enses.Go o
de xamp l
e softhisap
p r
oach
i
nt heUKa reth eJorvi
kCe ntreinYo r
k;t heNa ti
onalMu seumo fPh ot
ogr
aphy,Fil
m
andTe levi
sioninBr adfor
d;a ndtheI mperialWa rMu seuminLo nd
on .IntheUS
thetre
n de me r
g edmu chearl
ier:Wi l
li
ams burgh asbeenap r
ototypefo rma ny
heri
taged evelopme nt
sino t
herp art
so fthewo rl
d.Noo necanp redi
ctwh er
ethe
processwi l
le nd.Ons o-cal
l
edh er
it
a gesi
test her e-
enactmento fhi
storicaleven
ts
isi
ncreasinglyp opul
ar,andcomp u t
erswillsoonp r
ovidevirt
ualreal
it
ye xper
ienc
es,
wh i
chwi l
l presentvis
it
orswithav i
vidima geo fthep er
iodoft h
e i
rcho i
c e,
inwh i
ch
theythems el
v escana ctasifpa r
to fthehist
o ri
ca le
nvironmen t
.Suchd evel
opments
haveb eenc ri
ti
c i
sedasa nint
olerablev u
lgari
s at
ion,butthesuc c
e s
so fma n
yh i
st
ori
c a
l
themep arksa nds i
mil
arlocati
on ssuggeststhatth ema j
ori
tyo fthepub l
icdoesnot
sharethi
so pinion.
CI
nar el
atedd evelopme nt
,thesharpd i
s t
inct
ionb etwe e
nmu seuma ndhe ri
tagesit
es
ontheo neh and ,andthemep arkso ntheo t
he r,i
sg radual
lyevaporati
n g.Theyalre
a d
y
borrowide asa ndconceptsfromo n
ea nother.Fo rexamp l
e ,
mu seumsh aveadopte
d
stor
ylinesfo rex h
ibi
ti
ons,si
tesh avea ccepted‘theming’a sar el
evantt ool
,andtheme
parksaremo vingtowardsmo rea uthent
ici
tya ndr esearc
h -
basedp resentat
ions
.In
zoos,ani
ma lsa renolongerkep tincag e
s,b uting r
eatspac e
s, e
ithe
rint heo p
ena i
ror
inenormo usg reenhous
e s
,sucha sth ejungl
ea n dd e
sertenvir
o nmentsinBu rger
s’Zo o
inHo l
l
a nd.Th i
sp art
icul
artrendisre gar
de da son eofthema jordevelop ment
sinthe
present
ati
o no fn a
tural
h i
st
oryint hetwe nti
ethc entur
y.
9
7
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09
Page 98
Test 4
D Th
emep
ark
sar
eun
der
goi
ngo
the
rch
ang
es,
too
,ast
heyt
ryt
opr
ese
ntmo
res
eri
ous
so
c i
alandc ul
turalis
su es,an
dmo veawa yfromf ant
asy.Th i
sd evelopme nti
sa
r
esponsetoma rketforcesan d
, a
lt
hou ghmu s
e u
msa ndh eri
tag esi
teshav eas pe ci
al
,
r
atherdist
inct
, ro
letof ul
fil
,t
h eyarea l
sooperati
nginav e
ryc omp et
it
ivee nvi
ron ment,
wherevisi
torsma kec h o
icesonh owa ndwh eretospen dtheirfr
eet i
me .He ri
tagea nd
museume xpe rt
sd on othavetoinventstori
esandr e
cre at
eh i
s t
ori
calenv i
ronme nts
t
oa t
tractth
e i
rv i
si
tors:thei
ra s
setsarea l
readyinplace.Ho we ver
, e
xh i
bit
smu stbe
bot
hb asedona r
tefactsandf a
c t
saswek nowt hem,an datt
ra ct
i
ve l
yp r
e s
e nt
ed .Those
whoa r
ep rofessi
on a
llyengag e
dint heartofint
erpret
ingh i
storyarethusinad i
f f
icu
lt
posi
ti
on,asthe ymu ststeeran ar
rowc ou
rseb e
twe e
nt hed ema ndsof‘evidence ’
and‘at
tract
iven e
ss’,es p
ecial
lygiventheincreasi
ngnee dintheh eri
tageindustryfor
i
ncome -
g en
e r
a t
ingac t
ivi
ti
es.
EI
tcou l
dbec la
ime dthatino rdertoma kee v
erythi
nginher i
tagemo re‘real
’,h i
st
o ri
cal
accur
acymu stbeinc r
e as
ingl
ya l
tered.Forexamp l
e,Pithecanthropus erectus
i
sd epi
ct
e dina nIndon esi
anmu seumwi thMa layfaci
al f
eatures,becauset h
is
corr
espondstop ubli
cp ercepti
ons.Simil
arl
y,intheMu seumo fNa t
uralHis t
oryi n
Wa shi
ngton,Ne anderthalmaniss hownma kingad ominantg est
uretoh i
swi fe.Su ch
pr
e s
entati
onste l
lusmo r
ea boutcontemporarypercept
ionso fthewo rl
dt hana bout
ourancesto
rs.Th ereiso nec o
mp ensati
on,howe v
er,forthep rof
essional
swh oma ke

theseint
erpr
e t
a t
i
ons:i
fth eyd i
dn otprovi
detheint
e rpretat
ion ,visi
tor
swo ul
ddoi t
forthemselv
e s,bas
edo nt hei
ro wnideas,misconcepti
o nsa ndp rejudi
ces.An dno
ma tt
erhowe x ci
ti
ngthere sul
t,i
two uldcontai
nalo tmo reb iasth anthep r
esent
a t
ions
provi
dedb ye xper
ts.
F Hu
ma nb i
asisinevit
abl
e,bu tanothersourceofb i
asinth erep resen t
ati
ono fhis
tor
y
hastod owiththetransi
toryn atur
eo fthema t
eri
alsthe mse l
v es.Th esimplefactis
thatnoteverythi
ngfromh i
sto
rys urvi
vestheh i
st
ori
c alproce ss.Ca stl
es,pal
acesa nd
cathedral
shav ealongerlif
e s
pa nthanthedwe l
li
ngso fo rd
in aryp eopl
e.Th esame
appli
estothef ur
nish
ingsa ndo t
h e
rc ont
entsofthep remises .Inat ownl i
keLe ydenin
Ho l
land,whi
c hintheseve nte
en t
hc entu
rywa socc upiedbya pp ro
x i
ma t
elythesame
numb erofinhabi
tant
sa stod a
y, peopl
elive
dwi th
int hewa ll
e dto wn ,a
na reamo re
thanfi
v eti
me ssma l
l
ertha nmo dernLe yden.Inmo stoft h
eh ou sesseveralf
ami l
i
es
l
ivedtogetherincir
cums t
a ncesb eyondourimagin
a ti
on.Ye tinmu seums,fi
nep eri
od
roomsg iv
eo nlyanimag eo ftheli
fest
y l
eoftheu p
p erc l
asso fthatera.Nowo nder
thatpeopl
ewh ostr
ollar
o unde xhi
bit
ionsarefil
l
edwi thn ostalgi
a ;theevidencein
mu seumsindicat
esthatli
fewa ssomu chb ett
eri
nt hep ast.Th isn ot
ionisinduc
e dby
thebiasinit
sr epr
esent
a t
ioninmu se
umsa ndh er
it
a gec entres.
98
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Page 99
Reading
Write the correct letter in boxes 31–36 on your answer sheet.
31 Compa
redwi
tht
oda
y’smus
eums
,thos
eoft
hepa
st
A di
dn otpres
enthi
stor
yinad e
tai
l
edway.
B werenotp r
imari
l
yinte
n dedfort
hepubl
i
c.
C weremor ecle
arl
yorganise
d.
D pr
eservedit
emswi t
hg r
e a
tercar
e.
32 Acc
ordi
ngt
othewr
it
er,c
urr
entt
rendsi
ntheh
eri
ta
gei
ndus
try
A e
mp hasi
sepersona
linvol
vement
.
B ha
v ethe
iror
igi
nsinYo rkandLondon.
C r
elyonco mputeri
ma ges
.
D r
efl
e c
tminori
tytast
es.
33 Thewr
it
ers
ayst
hatmu
seums
,he
rit
ages
it
esa
ndt
hemepa
rks
A of
tenworki
ncl
osepart
ners
hip
.
B t
rytopr
eser
ves
epar
ateide
nti
ti
es.

C ha
vesimi
l
arexhi
bi
ts.
D a
rele
sseasyt
odist
i
ngui
sht
hanbe
for
e.
34 Thewr
it
ers
ayst
hati
npr
epa
ringe
xhi
bi
tsf
ormu
seu
ms,e
xpe
rts
A s
houl
dpursueas ingl
eobject
ive
.
B ha
vetodoac e
rtainamou ntofla
nguaget
ransl
at
ion.
C s
houl
dbefreefrom c omme r
cia
lconst
rai
nts
.
D ha
vetobal
ancec onfl
ict
ingpri
ori
ti
es.
35 I
npa
ragr
aphE,t
hewr
it
ers
ugge
stst
hats
omemus
eume
xhi
bi
ts
A f
ailtomatchvi
sit
orexpectat
ions
.
B a
reb as
edont h
ef a
lseassumpti
onsofprofessi
onal
s.
C r
ev e
almoreaboutpres
entb e
li
efstha
na boutthepas
t.
D a
ll
ow visi
tor
stoma kemo reuseofthei
rima g
inat
i
on.
36 Thepa
ssa
gee
ndsbyno
tingt
hatourv
iewo
fhi
st
oryi
sbi
ase
dbe
caus
e
A wefailt
ous eourimagi
nat
ion.
B onl
yve r
ydu ra
bleobj
ectsr
ema i
nfromthepast.
C wetendtoignorethi
ngstha
tdispl
eas
eu s
.
D museum exhib
itsf
ocustoomu chontheloca
larea
.
9
9
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Page 100
Test 4
Questions 37–40
37 Cons
ume
rspr
efe
rthe
mepa
rkswhi
cha
voi
dse
riousi
ssue
s.
38 Mor
epe
opl
evi
si
tmus
eumst
hant
hemep
ark
s.
39 Thebound
ari
esofLe
yde
nha
vec
hang
edl
i
ttl
esi
ncet
hes
eve
nte
ent
hce
ntur
y.
40 Mus
eumsca
ngi
veaf
als
eimpr
ess
ionofhowl
i
feus
edt
obe
.

10/14/12
100
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Page 101
Writing
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout20mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of
energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.
Wr
it
eatl
eas
t15
0wor
ds.

101
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Page 102
Test 4
WRITING TASK 2
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout40mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
Wr
it
eab
outt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
c:
Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not
important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Giver
eason
sforyouran
swe
randi
ncl
udea
nyr
el
eva
nte
xamp
lesf
romy
ourown
knowl
edgeore
xperi
ence
.

Wr
it
eatl
eas
t250wor
ds.
102
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Page 103
Speaking
SPEAKING
PART 1
Theexa
minera
skstheca
ndi
dat
eab
outhi
m/h
ers
elf
,hi
s/
herh
ome
,wor
kors
tudi
esa
nd
ot
herfa
mil
ia
rtopi
cs.
EXAMPLE
Bicycles
•How popul
arar
ebicyclesinyourhomet own?[Why?]
•How oft
endoyourideabi cycl
e?[Why /
Wh ynot?
]
•Doyout hi
nkt
hatbi
cy clesar
es ui
ta
b l
eforal
lage
s?[Why/
Whynot
?]
•Whatarethea
dvant
a gesofab i
cyclecomp a
redt
oac a
r?[
Why?
]
PART 2
Describe a person who has done a lot of Youwi l

lhavet
ot a
lkaboutthe
work to help people. t
opicf o
ronetotwomi nut
es.
Youh aveoneminut
etothink
You should say:
ab
ou twh a
tyouaregoi
ngt o
who this person is/was
sa
y.Yo uc a
nma kesomen ot
es
where this person lives/lived
t
oh elpyouifyouwish.
what he/she has done to help people
and explain how you know about this person.
PART 3
Discussion topics:
Helping other people in the community
Example questions:
Wh atar
es omeo ft hewa yspeopl
ec anhelpot
hersint
hecommuni
ty?Whic
hismost
i
mpo rt
ant?
Wh ydoy out hinks omepeopl
eliketoh e
lpothe
rp e
opl
e?
Somepe oples ayt h a
tpeopl
ehe l
pothersinth
ec ommunit
ymorenowtha
ntheydi
din
thepast
.Doy oua greeordisa
gree?Wh y?
Community Services
Example questions:
Wh att
yp esofs e
rv ices
,suchaslibrari
esorh e
alt
hce nt
res,areava
il
abletot
hepe
opl
e
whol i
veinyo urare a?Doyo uthinkthereareenougho fthem?
Wh i
chg roupsofpe opl
egeneral
lyn ee
dmo stsupportinac ommu ni
ty?Wh y?
Wh odoy out hinks houl
dpayfort heservi
cesthatareavail
abl
etothep e
opl
eina
communi ty?Sho uldi tbethegove r
nme ntorin
divi
dualp e
ople?
103
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Page 104
Gen
era
lTr
ain
ingRe
adi
nga
ndWr
it
in
g
Te
stA
READING
Read the text below and answer Questions 1–6.

HELB
Pr
i–
g
hts
,
fn
ri
ea
nc
d
lk
y,
exb
pa
e
rr
ie
ns
ce
er
v
n
oti
n
es
sg
en
tp
i
ae
.r
l s
on.
En
erg
yan
den
thu
sia
sma
nab
sol
ut
emu
st.
Sa
t& Su
nonly
.
Ca
llo
rdr
opi
natKi
ngs
wayCent
re,
Me l
bou
rn/
Roy
sto
n.
Te
l:0
176
324
272
9an
das
kfo
rth
eMa
nag
er.
Gr
ant
aHo
tel
requires a part-time silver
service waiter/waitress.
Onl
ya ppl
ic
ant
swi t
hexper
ie
nce
an
dg oodref
ere
n c
esneedappl
y.
Exce
llen
twages,meal
sonduty
.
Te
l:01
22351
468(
off
icehou
rs)
C WANTED f
rom J
anu
aryt
il
lJul
y,ana
nny/
car
erf
or
Toby,2yr
s.Fo
rma
lqu
ali
fi
cat
ion
snota
simp
ort
ant
a
sas
ens
ibl
e,wa
rma
ndi
mag
ina
ti
vea
ppr
oach.
Hour
s8.
30-
5.0
0Mon-
Fri
.
Ca
rdr
ive
res
sent
ia
l,nons
moke
r.
Refe
rencesre
quir
ed.
Forfurt
herdet
ai
lsphone
:0148088056a
fte
r6pm.
104
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Page 105
Reading
D Cleaner required for 12-floor modern office

block in the Station Road area, St Ives.
2h
our
spe
rda
y.Mo
nda
yst
oFr
ida
ys–
t
ofi
ni
shwor
kbe
for
eth
eof
fi
ceso
pen.
Wa
ges£80pe
rwe
ek.
Te
l:012
23932
921
E Ma
tur
e,e
xpe
rie
nce
d
107/120
Admi
nis
tra
tor
/Se
cre
tar
y
f
ors
oftf
urni
shi
ngcompany,worki
ng
wit
hint
hehot
eli
ndust
ry
Hour
s1p
m –5pm Mon–Fr
i
Ph
one
:MrSQui
nn013537
12516
F
FULL-
TIMECOOKf orane
wa n
de xc
it
in
gc a
févent
ure
.
Goodcon
dit
i
ons
.Pa
yandhour
scanbenegot
i
ated.
Appl
yRe
dCa
fe(
01863)720528
G
50-Seater Restaurant
TOLET
I
dea
lfo
rve
rye
xpe
rie
nce
dpe
rso
nlooki
ngt
o
s
tar
tupont
hei
rown.
Loca
tedo
nbus
yA1
0roa
d.
Re
plyBoxNo.P762,Ne
wma
rke
tNe
wsp
ape
rsLt
d.,
51Cambridge Roa
d,Ne
wma
rke
tCB83BN
105
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Page 106
General Training Reading and Writing
Questions 1–6
Look at the seven job advertisements, A–G, on page 104 and read the descriptions of
people below.
Whi
chi
sthemos
tsui
ta
blej
obf
ore
achpe
rson?
1 ape
rsonwi
t
htwos
mal
lchi
l
dre
nwhowa
ntsaf
ewho
ursawe
ekofu
nsk
il
le
dwor
kin

t
heearl
ymorni
ngs
2 aper
sonwit
hn oe
xper
ienceorqua
li
fi
cat
io
nswh
oisl
ooki
ngf
oras
hor
tte
rmf
ull
-
t
imejob,Mond
aytoFr
iday
3 al
i
vel
yst
ude
ntwi
thnoe
xpe
rie
nce
,whoca
nnotwor
konwe
ekda
ys.
4 apers
onwit
hmor
eth
an20y
ear
s’e
xpe
rie
ncei
nca
ter
ingwhowou
ldl
i
ket
oruna
bus
iness
.
5 aca
ter
ingcol
l
egeg
radua
tewhoi
snowl
ooki
ngf
orh
isf
ir
stf
ull
-t
imej
ob
6 aper
sonwithmanyyea
rs’e
xpe
rie
ncewor
kingi
nho
tel
swhoi
snowl
ooki
ngf
orwe
ll
-
pa
idpar
t-t
imeempl
oymenti
nahotel
106
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Page 107
Reading
INTERCITY Sleeper between London and Scotland

Mostticket
smaybeusedf
ortra
velbySleeper, Please note the photo can be alot
bigger if we lay out like this, rather
subj
ecttoavai
l
abi
l
it
y,andare
serva
ti
onina that having the intro paragraph in
t
wo -bert
hcabi
ncanbemadefor£25,e
x ceptin 2 columns underneath photo.
t
hec aseofSol
oandDuoti
ckets
,whichinclude

Sleeper r
eser
vati
onsinthef a
r e
.Thepr
ice
i
n cludesearl
ymor ningteaorcoffe
eandbi
scui
ts
.
Ac ont
inent
alorho tbre
akfastcanbeo
rder
edif
yo uwi sh.
Choos
efr
om ar
angeoft
icke
tst
osui
tyourj
our
ney.
A – SuperApex D – Saver
Onlya vai
l
ablef ortra
velaf
ter9am.Boo kat Th i
sf l
ex i
bleticke
tisv al
i
de veryd aya nd
l
east2we e
ksa headandtr
avelbetween canb eb oug htonth ed ayo ftr
avel.Yo ur
EdinburghorGl as
gow andLond onforthe ti
ck etal
lowss t
andardc l
asstrave
l ona ny
unbeatabl
epriceo f£59retur
n.Thi st
icke
t tr
ainb etwe en1 0a
ma n dmid ni
ght.Nos e
at
i
sn on-ref
unda bleunl
esstheservicei
s reservat
ionsa vail
able.Lo ndontoGl asgow
cancell
ed. orEd inburgh£ 95.
E – Solo
B – Apex Treaty ourselfande njoye xcl
usiveu seofa
Ar ealbargai
nf are
.On ly£69r e
turnbe t
ween Stand a
rdc abin.Soloi sani ncl
usi
v ereturn
EdinburghorGl a
sg ow andLondon .Great tr
av elti
c ke
twi thSleeper reser
vationsfor
valueSleeper t
ravelavai
labl
ebyb oo ki
ng oneo rb othd i
recti
on s.Ou t
wa rda ndreturn
atleastawe ekb eforeoutwardtravel. reservat
ionss houldb ema d eatthetime
Ticketrefund a
bleo npaymentofa25% ofb ooking.Th ejourn eymu s
tincludea
administr
ati
v echarge. Saturdayn ightawa y.£ 140-£160Lo n donto
Edinb ur
g h/
Gl asgowr eturn.
C – SuperSaver
Avail
ableri
ghtupt otheda yoft ra
ve la
nd F – Special
val
idanyd aye xceptthes
epe akd ays:al
l Spe ci
ali
sa ni ncl
usi
veret
urntr
av e
l
Fri
days,a l
so18 -
30De ce
mb er,31Ma r
ch pack a
gef ort wopeopl
eincl
udi
ngs l
eeper
and28Ma y.De part
uresbe t
we enmi dn
ight reservat
ionsf oroneorbot
hd i
recti
ons.It
and2a m countaspr e
v i
ousda y’sdepart
ures
. canme a
ns avi
ngsforbot
ho fyou.Ou t
wa r
d
Londont oGlasgow o rEdinburgh£ 82. andr et
urnr e
serva
ti
onsshoul
db ema deat
thetimeo fb ooki
ng.From£ 12
0.
G – Standard
Nott hecheapestopti
onbutava
il
abl
eu p
t
ot hetimeo ftrave
landval
idforal
ltr
ai
ns
anda tal
lti
me s.Youa r
eadvi
sedtotur
nu p
ea
rlyf ort
ravelonaFr i
day
.
107
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Page 108
Questions 7–14
Look at the seven types of train ticket, A–G, on page 107.
Forwhi
cht
ypeoft
rai
nti
cke
tar
eth
efol
l
owi
ngs
tat
eme
ntst
rue
?

7 The
rea
rea
dva
nta
gesi
fyoubo
okaj
our
neywi
t
haf
ri
end.
8 Youca
nnotus
ethi
sonaFr
ida
y.
9 Thi
sca
nbeus
edwi
thoutr
est
ri
cti
on.
10 Thi
sca
nonl
ybebo
oke
dupt
o7da
ysb
efor
ede
par
tur
e.
11 I
t’st
heche
ape
stt
icke
tava
il
abl
ebutt
her
eisar
est
ri
ct
ionond
epa
rtu
ret
ime
.
12 I
fyoudeci
denottot
rave
laf
teryouha
vebo
ughtt
het
icke
t,youca
nno
tge
tyou
r
mone
yb ack.
13 Thi
sisn
ota
vai
l
abl
eifyou’
ret
rave
ll
ingoutonaMonda
yan
dba
ckt
hene
xtda
y.
14 Youca
nno
tus
ethi
sti
cke
tforde
par
tur
esbe
twe
enmi
dni
ghta
nd10a
m.
108
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Page 109
Reading
FORMALDRESSCODEFORCOMPANYEMPLOYEES
AtTr
ans
it
Eur
ope
an,
thec
ompa
ny’
sobj
ect
ivei
nes
tabl
i
shi
ngaf
orma
ldr
essc
odei
stoe
nabl
eour
e
mpl
oye
estopr
oje
c tt
heprofe
ssi
onali
magetha
tisinkee
pingwit
htheneedsofourcl
i
entsand
c
ust
ome
rswhoseekourguida
nce,i
nput
,andprof
essi
onalse
rvi
ces.
Beca
us eouri
ndustr
yre
quire
sthe
a
ppear
anceoft
rus
tedbus
inessprof
ess
iona
lsandwes
ervec
li
ent
satours
iteonada
il
yba
sis
,amor
e
f
orma
ldre
sscodeisne
cessa
ryforourempl
oye
e s
.
For
mal
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ssCodeGui
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udgmenti
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ida
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hes
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aged.
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ver
sit
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ashi
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othi
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ner
all
yacce
pt a
ble
.However,
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epajack
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cei
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essCode
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ftheprobl
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s.
109
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Page 110
Questions 15–21
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

NOTES ON COMPANY DRESS CODE
Aim of formal dress code: t

opr
ese
nta15 t
ocl
i
ent
s
Acceptable types of formal clothing: j

acke
tors
uit
State of clothes: t
heymus
tbe16 a
ndi
ngoodco
ndi
ti
on
Footwear: t
enni
ssho
esa
ndop
ent
oes
hoe
sar
enota
ll
owe
d
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i
es,s
car
ves
,be
lt
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ewe
ll
eryma
ybewor
n
–t
hes
emus
tbe17 a
ndno
tbr
ight
lycol
our
ed
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voi
dwe
ari
ngt
oomuchma
keupa
ndpe
rfume
–t
hes
esome
ti
mesca
use18
Hats: h
atss
hou
ldnotbewor
n
–he
adc
ove
rsi
nli
newi
thr
eli
gi
ousr
eas
onsor19 a
rea
ll
owe
d
Dressing down: ca
sua
lcl
othi
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sal
l
owe
dons
omeFr
ida
ys
–cl
othi
ngwi
tht
he20 o
niti
sre
comme
nde
d
Breaking the dress code: i

fadvi
cei
sre
pea
tedl
yigno
red,a21 i
sgi
ven
110
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Page 111
Reading
J
LPRETAI
L:STAFFBENEFI
TS
Whatever your role, your pay range will be

extremely competitive and reviewed in the light
of your progress. In addition to your salary, you
will enjoy an array of excellent benefits from the
moment you join the company.
Paidholiday Spor
tsclubs
Th eholi
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eme ntisf ourwe eksp eryea
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111
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Page 112
Questions 22–27

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each
answer.
22 Pa
yincr
eas
esd
epe
ndont
he t
hate
achme
mbe
rofs
taf
fma
kes
.
23 Emp
loye
esmus
twor
kami
ni
mum of t
obee
li
gi
bl
eforape
nsi
on.
24 St
affma
yta
keah
oli
daya
toneoft
he pr
ovi
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hecompa
ny.
25 Thecompa
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lft
hes
eatp
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or a
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lay
s.
26 Thecompanygi
vesfi
nanci
alas
sis
tancef
orbo
the
duca
ti
ona
lcour
sesa
nd
aspar
tofsta
ffde
velopment
.
27 Empl
oyeesmaybeen
tit
le
dtoa i
fthe
yfi
ndt
hems
elve
sind
iff
icul
t
ci
rcumst
ance
s.
112
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Page 113
Reading

Read the text on pages 112 and 113 and answer questions 28–40.
OUT OF THE ASHES

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113
9781107615502p001-
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Page 114

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s
kil
loft
hei
ndi
vi
dua
lorcompa
nyha
dbe
en
a
sce
rta
ine
d,t
heyh
adt
opa
ssa
necon
omi
c
t
est
,ase
ver
yjobwa
sco
mpe
ti
ti
vel
yte
nde
red.
Thi
sha
sha
denor
mou
sbe
nef
it
sbe
caus
enot
onl
yha
vean
umbe
rofhi
ghl
yski
l
ledpe
opl
e
comet
othef
ore-wood ca
rver
sforexa
mp l
e,
f
oll
owi
ngint
hefoot
ste
pso fGri
nl
ingGibbons
-butma
nyoft
hem,f
ore
xamp
lepl
ast
ere
rs,
ha
ver
ele
arntt
hes
kil
l
soft
hes
eve
nte
ent
h
a
nde
ight
eent
hce
ntur
ieswhi
chca
nnowbe
ofus
etoot
hercount
ryho
useowne
rswh
en
t
hen
eeda
ris
es.
114
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201212:
09
Page 115
Reading
117/120
Questions 28–33
Thet
extonp
age
s11
3an
d114ha
sei
ghtpa
ragr
aph
s,A–H.
Whi
chpa
rag
raphscont
ai
nthef
oll
owi
ngi
nfor
mat
i
on?
Write the appropriate letters, A–H, in boxes 28–33 on your answer sheet.
28 t
hepr
oce
dur
efors
ort
ingt
hroug
hther
ema
insoft
hef
ir
e
29 how Uppa
rkl
ooke
daf
tert
hef
ir
e
30 i
mpr
ove
men
tsma
det
oth
ere
bui
l
tUpp
ark
31 t
hes
ele
cti
onofpe
opl
etoc
arr
youtt
her
epa
irwor
k
32 whyt
heNa
ti
ona
lTr
ustcho
set
ore
bui
l
dUp
par
k
33 how pe
opl
ere
act
edt
oth
ere
bui
l
tUppa
rk
Questions 34–37
Ans
wert
heq
ues
ti
onsbe
low.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 34-37 on your answer sheet.
34 Onwh
atda
tei
n1989s
houl
dtheor
igi
nalr
epa
irst
other
oofha
veb
eencompl
et
ed?
35 Bywha
tme
tho
dwe
ret
hingsr
escu
edi
mme
dia
tel
yfr
omt
hebur
ninghou
se?
36 Af
tert
hef
ir
e,wha
tdi
dthecons
erva
tor
sre
qui
rel
argequa
nti
ti
esofi
mme
dia
tel
y?
37 I
ntowha
tdi
dthecons
erva
tor
sputma
ter
ial
recove
redf
romt
hef
ir
e?
115
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201212:
09
Page 116

Questions 38–40
Write the correct letter in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
38 Thef
ir
ede
str
oye
d
Aa l
lthecont
entsofthegr
oundf l
oor
.
B mostofthecontent
softhebasement
.
Cthero ofo
ftheh ouse
.
Da l
lthecont
entsofthefi
rstf
loor
.
39 Oneoft
her
eas
onst
heNa
ti
ona
lTr
ustd
eci
dedt
ore
bui
l
dUppa
rkwa
stha
t
At heMe a
de-Feathe
rsto
nhaughfamil
ywa nt
edthe
mto.
Btheb ui
ldi
nga sitst
oodwa suns
o und.
Ct heywouldn’thavetopayfort
h erepa
ir
s.
D nothi
ngont hi
ss ca
lehadbeentr
iedbefor
e.
40 Someofthecr
aft
smena
ndwome
nempl
oye
dint
her
est
ora
ti
onofUppa
rkh
ave
bene
fit
edbe
cause
At
heywe r
everywe llpa
idford
oingint
ri
cat
ewo rk.
Bt
hei
rbusi
nesseshavebecomemo r
ec ompet
it
ive
.
Ct
heywe r
eabletowor kwit
hGr i
nl
ingGibbons
.
Dt
heyacqui
redskil
l
st he
ydidn’
thaveprevi
ousl
y.
116
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201212:
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Page 117
Writing
WRITING
WRITING TASK 1
Yous
houl
dspe
nda
bout20mi
nut
esont
hist
ask.
You are working for a company. You need to take some time off work and
want to ask your manager about this.
Write a letter to your manager. In your letter

• explain why you want to take time off work
117

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10/14/12 Cambridge IELTS 9

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WHAT IS THE TEST FORMAT?

Academic General Training

Academic Reading General Training Reading

Academic Writing General Training Writing

Total Test Time

General Training Reading

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General Training Writing

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HOW IS IELTS SCORED?

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0 Did not attempt the test – No assessable information provided.

MARKING THE PRACTICE TESTS

Listening and Reading

Questions which require letter / Roman numeral answers

Questions which require answers in the form of words or numbers

HOW SHOULD YOU INTERPRET YOUR SCORES?

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SECTION 1 Questions 1–10

Complete the notes below.

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• Number of hours per week: 12hou

SECTION 2 Questions 11–20

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

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Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Choose TWO letters, A–E.

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SECTION 3 Questions 21–30

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

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SECTION 4 Questions 31–40

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins

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In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Answer the questions below.

Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

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Answer the questions below.

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Write your answers in boxes 18–20 on your answer sheet.

In boxes 21–26 on your answer sheet, write

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Write your answers in boxes 27–30 on your answer sheet.

In boxes 31–33 on your answer sheet, write

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Complete the flow-chart below.