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 TEST CODE: 305

Head Office : Sree Sindhi Guru Sangat Sabha Association, # 4-1-1236/1/A, King Koti, Abids, Hyderabad – 500001

ESE – 2018 Mains Test Series

Mechanical Engineering
Test – 5 on IC Engines, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
+ Power Plant Engineering (Paper – I)

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 300

QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions

There are EIGHT questions divided into two sections.

Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.

Question No.1 and Question No.5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, any THREE are to be
attempted choosing at least ONE from each section.

The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.

Attempts of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a question
shall be counted even if attempted partly.

Any page or portion of the page left blank in the QCA Booklet must be clearly struck off.

Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a question, they must be clearly indicated.

Diagrams/Figures, wherever required, shall be drawn in the space provided for answering the
question itself.

Unless otherwise mentioned, symbols and notations have their usual standard meanings.

Answers must be written in ENGLISH only.

1
 :2: ESE-2018 Mains Test Series

SECTION - A

01(a). A boiler plant incorporates an economiser and air preheater and generates steam at 40 bar and
300C with fuel of heating value 33000 kJ/kg burned at a rate of 500 kg/h. The temperature of
feed water is raised from 40C to 125C in the economiser and the flue gases are cooled at the
same time from 395C to 225C. The flue gases then enter the air preheater in which the
temperature of combustion air is raised by 75C. A forced draught fan delivers the air to the air
preheater at a pressure of 1.02 bar and a temperature of 16C with a pressure rise across the fan of
180 mm of water. The power input to the fan is 5 kW and it has mechanical efficiency of 78 %.
Neglecting heat losses and taking cp as 1.01 kJ/kgK for flue gases.
Calculate :
(i) the mass flow rate of air.
(ii) the temperature of flue gases leaving the plant.
(iii) the mass flow rate of steam. (12 M)

01(b). In an absorption type refrigerator, the heat is supplied to the generator by steam of 2 bar pressure
with 0.9 dry. The evaporator temperature is -10C. The outside temperature is 45C. Find the
maximum COP.
If the refrigerator load is 20 TR, and actual COP is 70% of the maximum, find the mass of the
steam supplied per hour.
Properties of water is given below.
Pressure (bar) Saturation temperature (C) hf (kJ/kg) hg (kJ/kg)
2 120.2 504.7 2706.3
(12 M)

01(c). In a cold air refrigerator, working on Bell-Coleman cycle, air is drawn into the cylinder of the
compressor at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 5C. It is compressed to 800 kPa. The
air is then cooled to 25C.The expansion and compression follow the law PV1.35 = C. Sketch the
P-v and T-s diagrams and determine the COP. Take cp = 1 kJ/kgK and cv = 0.713 kJ/kgK.
(12 M)
01(d)(i). Why is the ideal regenerate cycle not practicable? (6 M)

01(d)(ii). How is the maximum pressure of steam cycle fixed up. (6 M)

01(e). Explain how flue gases are analyzed in an Orsat apparatus with a neat sketch. (12 M)

02(a). In a cogeneration plant, the power load is 5.6 MW and the heating load is 1.163 MW. Steam is
generated at 40 bar and 500C and is expanded isentropically through a turbine to a condenser at
0.06 bar. The heating load is supplied by extracting steam from the turbine at 2 bar, which is
condensed in the process heater to saturated liquid at 2 bar and then pumped back to the boiler.
Compute:
(i) the steam generation capacity of the boiler in tonne per hour,
(ii) the heat input to the boiler in kW,
(iii) the fuel burning rate of the boiler in tonne per hour if a coal of calorific value 25 MJ/kg is
burned and the boiler efficiency is 88%,
(iv) the heat rejected to the condenser,
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 :3: Mechanical Engineering _ TEST - 3
(v) the rate of flow of cooling water in the condenser if the temperature rise of water is 6C.
Neglect pump work.
Properties of saturated steam
P (bar) Tsat (C) hf (kJ/kg) hg (kJ/kg) sf (kJ/kgK) sg (kJ/kgK)
0.06 36.16 149.79 2416.0 0.5208 8.3358
2 120.23 504.70 2706.7 1.5301 7.1271
For superheated steam
P (bar) T (C) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kgK)
40 500 3445.3 7.0901
(20 M)
02(b)(i). Explain the salient differences between Otto cycle and Atkinson cycle. (10 M)

02(b)(ii). Explain the working principle of regenerative stirling cycle? (10 M)

02(c). In a reversed Carnot refrigeration system of 1TR cooling capacity running on perfect gas, heat is
absorbed at –10C and rejected at 50C. The maximum pressure ratio is 5 and the pressure at inlet
to the isentropic process is standard atmospheric pressure. Find the states at all the points of the
cycle, mass flow rate, volume flow rates and COP. Take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg-K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K
and =1.4. Plot the cycle on P-V and T–S diagrams. (20 M)

03(a). An impulse reaction turbine operates under the following conditions: Mean diameter of the blades
is 100 cm. The rotational speed is 3000 r.p.m. the velocities of entry and exit at fixed blades are
100 m/sec and 250 m/sec respectively. The degree of reaction is 0.35. The expansion efficiency is
90%. Carry over factor is 0.9. Due to losses at inlet to the blades, the available energy is reduced
to V02 / 2 1000  where V0 is the absolute velocity of exit from one set of blades or entry to the
other set of blades and  is the carry over factor or co-efficient. This gives gain in kinetic energy
 
in the fixed blades equal to Vi2  V02 / 2 / 1000 . The steam enters and leaves the moving blades
at absolute angles equal to 20 and 120 to the direction of motion of blades. Determine the power
developed for a mass flow rate of 1 kg/sec and also find the stage efficiency. (20 M)

03(b). The following data were obtained from a test on a single cylinder 4 – stroke diesel engine:
Cylinder bore = 15 cm, Stroke = 25 cm, Area of indicator diagram = 450 sq.mm, Length of
indicator diagram = 50 mm, Indicator spring rating 1.2 mm for a pressure of 9.81 N/cm2. Engine
speed = 400 rpm, Brake torque = 225 Nm, fuel consumption = 3 kg/hr, Calorific value of fuel =
44200 kJ/kg. Cooling water flow rate = 4 kg/min., Cooling water temperature rise = 42C,
Specific heat of cooling water = 4.187 kJ/kg.K
Determine:
(i) The mechanical efficiency
(ii) Brake thermal efficiency
(iii) Specific fuel consumption and
(iv) Draw heat balance in kW. (20 M)
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 :4: ESE-2018 Mains Test Series
03(c). An air-conditioned space is maintained at 27C DBT and 50 per cent RH. The ambient conditions
are 40C DBT and 27C WBT. The space has a sensible heat gain of 14kW. Air is supplied to the
space at 7C saturated.
Calculate:
(i) Mass of moist air supplied to the space in kg/h
(ii) Latent heat gain of space in kW
(iii) Cooling load of the air washer in kW if 30 per cent of the air supplied to the space is fresh,
the remainder being recirculated.
Properties of moist air are:
Sp.Hu.(ω) Enthalpy
Condition DBT C WBT RH %
g.w.v/kg.d.a kJ/kg d.a
Outside 40 27 –– 17.2 85
Inside 27 –– 50 11.2 56.1
Supply 7 –– 100 6.2 23.0

Room

ambient Air
condition washer
(6+6+8 =20M)

04(a)
(i). Water at 30C flows into a cooling tower at the rate of 1.15 kg per kg air. Air enters the tower at
the DBT of 20C and a relative humidity of 60% and leaves it at a DBT of 28C and 90% relative
humidity. Makeup water is supplied at 20C.
Determine:
(i) the temperature of water leaving the tower,
(ii) the fraction of water evaporated, and
(iii) the approach and range of the cooling tower.
Properties of air are:
DBT (C) RH (%) WBT (C) Enthalpy (kJ/kg d.a) Sp. Humidity (kg w.v./kg d.a.)
20 60 15.2 43.0 0.0088
28 90 26.7 83.5 0.0213
(14 M)

04(a)(ii). What are the functions of steam drum in water tube boiler? (6 M)

04(b)(i). Draw the line diagram and characteristics of a fuel injection system of diesel engine. (8M)

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 :5: Mechanical Engineering _ TEST - 3
04(b)
(ii). A 2-liter, four-cylinder engine is equipped with multipoint port fuel injection, having one injector
per cylinder. The injectors are constant-flow devices, so the fuel flow rate into the engine is
controlled by injection pulse duration. Maximum power is obtained at wide open throttle, when
injection duration is continuous. At this condition, engine speed is 5800 RPM with stoichiometric
air fuel ratio and an inlet pressure of 101 kPa. At idle condition, the engine speed is 600 RPM
with stoichiometric air fuel ratio and an inlet pressure of 30 kPa. Volumetric efficiency can be
considered 95% and density of air as 1.2 kg/m3 at all conditions.
Calculate:
(a) Fuel mass flow rate through an injector.
(b) Injection pulse duration in seconds at idle conditions.
(c) Injection pulse duration in degrees of engine rotation at idle conditions. (12M)

04(c). In an air-conditioned space, 5 kg/s of fresh air at 45C, 30% relative humidity mixes with 45 kg/s
of recirculated air at 25C, 50% RH. The mixed air flows over a cooling coil whose apparatus
dew point is 12C and bypass factor is 0.15.
Determine the conditions at the outlet of cooling coil RSH and RLH.
The saturation pressures of water vapour at required temperatures are
12C 0.014016 bar
25C 0.03166 bar
45C 0.09584 bar
Empirical equation for enthalpy of moist air is
h = 1.005t + W (2500+1.88 t) kJ/kg; p = 1.01325 bars (20 M)

SECTION – B

05(a). With a neat sketch discuss the construction and working of Electrolux refrigerator. (12 M)

05(b)
(i). Gaseous propane mixes with air, both supplied at 500 K, 0.1 MPa. The mixture goes into a
combustion chamber and state of products of combustion at exit is 1300 K, 0.1 MPa. The products
analyzed on a dry basis are 11.42% CO2, 0.79% CO, 2.68% O2, and 85.11% N2 on volume basis.
Find the equivalence ratio of the combustion process. (8 M)

(ii). Explain the term flash point of a fuel used in a combustion engine. (4 M)

05(c). Derive an expression for the COP of an ideal gas refrigeration cycle with a regenerative heat
exchanger. Express the result in terms of the minimum gas temperature during heat rejection (Th),
maximum gas temperature during heat absorption (T1) and pressure ratio for the cycle (p2/p1).
(12 M)

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 :6: ESE-2018 Mains Test Series
05(d)(i). What are the functions of condenser in steam power plant? (6 M)

05(d)(ii). What is an emergency governor? When does it operate? (6 M)

05(e). Discuss the air-fuel ratio requirements of a petrol engine automobile for starting and warm up,
idling and low load, normal power range, maximum power range and acceleration. State how
these requirements are achieved. (12 M)

06(a)
(i). An unknown hydrocarbon fuel, CxHy, was allowed to react with air. An Orsat analysis was made
of a representative sample of the product gases with the following result: CO2 12.1%, O2 3.8%
and CO 0.9%. Determine:
(i) The chemical equation for the actual reaction,
(ii) The composition of the fuel,
(iii) The air fuel ratio during the test, and
(iv) The excess or deficiency of air used. (12 M)

06(a)
(ii). Why are downcomers fewer in number and bigger in diameter while risers are more in number
and smaller in diameter? (8 M)

06(b). The evaporation and condensation temperatures of a 20 tons refrigeration plant are –8 C and
30C, respectively. The refrigerant is superheated to –2C before leaving the evaporator coil and
the compression process is assumed to be isentropic. The refrigerant is sub-cooled by 5C before
it enters the expansion valve. The compressor is double-cylinder, single-acting with the stroke as
1.5 times the bore. Work out the following:
(i) Sketch the vapour compression cycle on P-H and T-S diagrams
(ii) Theoretical power input to compressor
(iii) Theoretical coefficient of performance
(iv) Theoretical bore and stroke
(v) Volumetric efficiency of compressor, if clearance volume is 2%
Use the following table with the symbols having their usual meanings. The compressor runs at
1000 rpm.
T P v hf hg sf sg cp l cpg

C bar m3 kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ
kg kg kg kg  K kg  K kg  K kg  K

–8 2.35 0.08 28.72 184.67 0.1149 0.7007 – 0.610

30 7.45 0.02 64.59 199.62 0.2400 0.6853 1.235 0.733
(20 M)

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 :7: Mechanical Engineering _ TEST - 3
06(c)
(i). Explain Air standard analysis being adopted for I.C. engine cycles. State the assumptions made
for the analysis of air standard cycles. (10 M)

06(c)
(ii). In an air standard diesel cycle, the pressure and temperature of air at the beginning of compression
are 200 kPa and 300 K respectively, while after the completion of heat addition, products of
combustion are at T = 1500 K and P = 7.0 MPa. Find the compression ratio, the thermal
efficiency and the mean effective pressure. (Take the ratio of specific heats of air as 1.4) (10 M)

07(a). The following data apply to a gas turbine set employing a separate power turbine, regenerator and
intercooler between two stage compression:
Isentropic efficiency of compression each stage : 80%
Isentropic efficiency of compressor turbine : 88%
Isentropic efficiency of power turbine : 88%
Turbine to compressor transmission efficiency : 98%
Pressure ratio in each stage of compression : 3:1
Temperature after intercooler : 297 K
Air mass flow rate : 15 kg/s
Regenerator effectiveness : 80%
Regenerator gas-side pressure loss : 0.1 bar
Maximum turbine temperature : 1000 K
Ambient temperature : 327 K
Ambient pressure : 1 bar
Calorific value of the fuel : 43.1 MJ/kg
Calculate:
(i) The net power output,
(ii) Specific fuel consumption,
(iii) Overall thermal efficiency.
Assume that the pressure losses in the air-side of the regenerator and combustion chamber are
accounted for in the compressor efficiency. Assume Cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K, a = 1.4,, Cpg = 1.147
kJ/kg K, g = 1.33. (20 M)

07(b)
(i). Define the following terms in connection with two stroke I.C. engine.
(i) Delivery ratio
(ii) Scavenging ratio
(iii) Trapping efficiency
(iv) Charging efficiency
(v) Purity of charge (2  5 = 10 M)

07(b)
(ii). What are the desirable properties of refrigerant which are used in vapor compression refrigeration
system. (10 M)

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 :8: ESE-2018 Mains Test Series
07(c). Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 0.8
and 0.14 MPa. Each stage operates on an ideal vapour-compression refrigeration cycle with
refrigerant R–134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle
takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where both streams enter at about
0.32MPa. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle is 0.05kg/s, determine
(i) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle.
(ii) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor,
and (iii) the coefficient of performance of this cascade refrigerator.
Properties of refrigerant can be taken from the table given below where the symbols have their
usual meanings.
T P vf vg hf hg sf sg cpg
3 m3 kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ
C bar 103  m kg kg kg  K kg  K kg  K
kg kg

-18 1.4 0.7396 0.1358 28.09 239.64 0.1148 0.9438 0.7541

2 3.2 0.7763 0.0646 54.55 251.61 0.2141 0.9303 0.8043
32 8.0 0.8478 0.0251 96.48 260.62 0.3573 0.9181 0.8555
(20 M)

08(a)(i). Explain the phenomenon of abnormal combustion in IC engine. How the degrees of abnormality
of combustion are determined and explain its significance? (10 M)

08(a)(ii). Discuss the basic properties that a lubricant should possess to meet the lubrication requirements
of internal combustion engines. (10 M)

08(b)(i). Define Carburetion and explain the factors which influence it. How does choke flow occur in
the system. (10 M)

08(b)
(ii). The temperature of air decreases with altitude and is given by the expression : t = ts – 0.0065h,
where h is altitude in meters and ts is the temperature at sea level in oC.
The air pressure decreases with altitude as per the relation:
h = 19220log10(1.013/P) where, P is in bar.
Determine the air – fuel ratio at 6000 m altitude in a carburetor adjusted to give an air – fuel ratio
of 15:1 at sea level where the air temperature is 300K and pressure 1.013 bar. (10 M)
08(c)
(i). A turbojet power plant uses aviation keroscene having a calorific value of 43 MJ/kg. The fuel
consumption is 0.18 kg per hour per N of thrust, when the thrust is 9 kN. The aircraft velocity is
500 m/s and the mass of air passing through the compressor is 27 kg/s. Calculate the air-fuel ratio
and overall efficiency. (11 M)
08(c)
(ii). Define (a) approach (b) range and (c) cooling efficiency of a cooling tower. (9 M)

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ESE-2018 MAINS TEST SERIES

Question Cum Answer Booklet (QCAB)
Mechanical Engineering Test-5 Paper-I
IC Engines, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning + Power Plant Engineering
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 300

305 28-04-2018

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 This Question-cum- Answer (QCA) Booklet contains 72 pages. Immediately on receipt of booklet, please
check that this QCA booklet does not have any misprint or torn or missing pages or items, etc. If so, get it
replaced by a fresh QCA booklet.
 Candidates must read the instructions on this page and the following pages carefully before attempting
the paper.
 Candidates should attempt all questions strictly in accordance with the specified instructions and in the
space prescribed under each question in the booklet. Any answer written outside the space allotted may
not be given credit.
 Question Paper in detachable form is available at the end of the QCA booklet and can be removed and
taken by the candidates after conclusion of the exam

For filling by Examiners only

Question No. Page No. Marks
1 4
Signature of the Invigilator
2 12
3 19

4 27

5 35 Signature of the Student

6 42 Marks Secured
7 50 after Scrutiny

8 60

Grand Total
::1::
 QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions:

There are EIGHT questions divided into two sections.

Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.

Question No.1 and Question No.5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, any THREE are to
be attempted choosing at least ONE from each section.

The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.

Attempts of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly.

Any page or portion of the page left blank in the QCA Booklet must be clearly struck off.

Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a question, they must be clearly indicated.

Diagrams/Figures, wherever required, shall be drawn in the space provided for answering the
question itself.

Unless otherwise mentioned, symbols and notations have their usual standard meanings.

Answers must be written in ENGLISH only.

DONT'S:
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Do ot sig the Lette W iti g uestio s, if set i any paper by name, nor append your roll number to it.
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5. Do not leave behind your Question-Cum-Answer-Booklet on your table unattended, it should be handed over to the
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DO’S :

1. Read the instructions on the cover page and the instructions specific to this Question Paper mentioned on the next page of
this Booklet carefully and strictly follow them.
2. Write your Roll number and other particulars, in the space provided on the cover page of the Question-Cum-Answer-Booklet.
3. Write legibly and neatly. Do not write in bad/illegible handwriting.
4. For rough notes or calculations the last two blank pages of this booklet should be used. The rough notes should be crossed
through afterwards.
5. If you ish to a el a y o k, d a you pe th ough it o ite Ca elled a oss it, othe ise it ay e alued.
6. Hand over your Question-Cum-Answer-Booklet personally to the invigilator before leaving the examination hall.
7. Candidates shall be required to attempt answer to the part/sub-part of a question strictly within the pre-defined space. Any
attempt outside the pre-defined space shall not be evaluated.

::2::
::3::
 SECTION - A Candidates
must not
write on this
01(a). A boiler plant incorporates an economiser and air preheater and generates steam at 40 bar
margin
and 300C with fuel of heating value 33000 kJ/kg burned at a rate of 500 kg/h. The
temperature of feed water is raised from 40C to 125C in the economiser and the flue
gases are cooled at the same time from 395C to 225C. The flue gases then enter the air
preheater in which the temperature of combustion air is raised by 75C. A forced draught
fan delivers the air to the air preheater at a pressure of 1.02 bar and a temperature of 16C
with a pressure rise across the fan of 180 mm of water. The power input to the fan is 5 kW
and it has mechanical efficiency of 78 %. Neglecting heat losses and taking cp as
1.01 kJ/kgK for flue gases.
Calculate :
(i) the mass flow rate of air.
(ii) the temperature of flue gases leaving the plant.
(iii) the mass flow rate of steam. (12 M)

:: 4 ::
 Candidates
must not
write on this
margin

01(b). In an absorption type refrigerator, the heat is supplied to the generator by steam of 2 bar
pressure with 0.9 dry. The evaporator temperature is -10C. The outside temperature is
45C. Find the maximum COP.
If the refrigerator load is 20 TR, and actual COP is 70% of the maximum, find the mass of
the steam supplied per hour.
Properties of water is given below.
Pressure (bar) Saturation temperature (C) hf (kJ/kg) hg (kJ/kg)
2 120.2 504.7 2706.3
(12 M)

:: 5 ::
 Candidates
must not
write on this
margin

:: 6 ::
01(c). In a cold air refrigerator, working on Bell-Coleman cycle, air is drawn into the cylinder of Candidates
the compressor at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 5C. It is compressed to must not
write on this
800 kPa. The air is then cooled to 25C.The expansion and compression follow the law
margin
PV1.35 = C. Sketch the P-v and T-s diagrams and determine the COP. Take cp = 1 kJ/kgK
and cv = 0.713 kJ/kgK.
(12 M)

:: 7 ::
 Candidates
must not
write on this
margin

01(d) (i) Why is the ideal regenerate cycle not practicable? (6 M)

:: 8 ::
 Candidates
must not
write on this
margin

01(d) (ii) How is the maximum pressure of steam cycle fixed up. (6 M)

:: 9 ::
 Candidates
must not
write on this
margin

01(e). Explain how flue gases are analyzed in an Orsat apparatus with a neat sketch. (12 M)

:: 10 ::
 Candidates
must not
write on this
margin

:: 11 ::
02(a). In a cogeneration plant, the power load is 5.6 MW and the heating load is 1.163 MW. Candidates
Steam is generated at 40 bar and 500C and is expanded isentropically through a turbine to must not
write on this
a condenser at 0.06 bar. The heating load is supplied by extracting steam from the turbine at
margin
2 bar, which is condensed in the process heater to saturated liquid at 2 bar and then
pumped back to the boiler. Compute:
(i) the steam generation capacity of the boiler in tonne per hour,
(ii) the heat input to the boiler in kW,
(iii)the fuel burning rate of the boiler in tonne per hour if a coal of calorific value 25 MJ/kg
is burned and the boiler efficiency is 88%,
(iv) the heat rejected to the condenser,
(v) the rate of flow of cooling water in the condenser if the temperature rise of water is 6C.
Neglect pump work.
Properties of saturated steam
P (bar) Tsat (C) hf (kJ/kg) hg (kJ/kg) sf (kJ/kgK) sg (kJ/kgK)
0.06 36.16 149.79 2416.0 0.5208 8.3358
2 120.23 504.70 2706.7 1.5301 7.1271

For superheated steam

P (bar) T (C) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kgK)
40 500 3445.3 7.0901
(20 M)

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02(b) (i) Explain the salient differences between Otto cycle and Atkinson cycle. (10 M) Candidates
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02(b) (ii) Explain the working principle of regenerative stirling cycle? (10 M) Candidates
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02(c). In a reversed Carnot refrigeration system of 1TR cooling capacity running on perfect gas, Candidates
heat is absorbed at –10C and rejected at 50C. The maximum pressure ratio is 5 and the must not
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pressure at inlet to the isentropic process is standard atmospheric pressure. Find the states at
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all the points of the cycle, mass flow rate, volume flow rates and COP. Take cp = 1.005
kJ/kg-K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg-K and =1.4. Plot the cycle on P-V and T–S diagrams.
(20 M)

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03(a). An impulse reaction turbine operates under the following conditions: Mean diameter of the
blades is 100 cm. The rotational speed is 3000 r.p.m. the velocities of entry and exit at fixed
blades are 100 m/sec and 250 m/sec respectively. The degree of reaction is 0.35.
The expansion efficiency is 90%. Carry over factor is 0.9. Due to losses at inlet to the
blades, the available energy is reduced to V02 / 2 1000  where V0 is the absolute velocity
of exit from one set of blades or entry to the other set of blades and  is the carry over
factor or co-efficient. This gives gain in kinetic energy in the fixed blades equal to
 
Vi2  V02 / 2 / 1000 . The steam enters and leaves the moving blades at absolute angles
equal to 20 and 120 to the direction of motion of blades. Determine the power developed
for a mass flow rate of 1 kg/sec and also find the stage efficiency. (20 M)

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03(b). The following data were obtained from a test on a single cylinder 4 – stroke diesel engine: Candidates
Cylinder bore = 15 cm, Stroke = 25 cm, Area of indicator diagram = 450 sq.mm, Length of must not
indicator diagram = 50 mm, Indicator spring rating 1.2 mm for a pressure of 9.81 N/cm2. write on this
margin
Engine speed = 400 rpm, Brake torque = 225 Nm, fuel consumption = 3 kg/hr, Calorific
value of fuel = 44200 kJ/kg. Cooling water flow rate = 4 kg/min., Cooling water
temperature rise = 42C, Specific heat of cooling water = 4.187 kJ/kg.K
Determine:
(i) The mechanical efficiency
(ii) Brake thermal efficiency
(iii) Specific fuel consumption and
(iv) Draw heat balance in kW. (20 M)

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03(c). An air-conditioned space is maintained at 27C DBT and 50 per cent RH. The ambient
conditions are 40C DBT and 27C WBT. The space has a sensible heat gain of 14kW. Air
is supplied to the space at 7C saturated.
Calculate:
(i) Mass of moist air supplied to the space in kg/h
(ii) Latent heat gain of space in kW
(iii) Cooling load of the air washer in kW if 30 per cent of the air supplied to the space is
fresh, the remainder being recirculated.
Properties of moist air are:
Sp.Hu.(ω) Enthalpy
Condition DBT C WBT RH %
g.w.v/kg.d.a kJ/kg d.a
Outside 40 27 –– 17.2 85
Inside 27 –– 50 11.2 56.1
Supply 7 –– 100 6.2 23.0

Room

ambient Air (6+6+8 =20M)

condition washer

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04(a) (i) Water at 30C flows into a cooling tower at the rate of 1.15 kg per kg air. Air enters the
tower at the DBT of 20C and a relative humidity of 60% and leaves it at a DBT of 28C
and 90% relative humidity. Makeup water is supplied at 20C.
Determine:
(i) the temperature of water leaving the tower,
(ii) the fraction of water evaporated, and
(iii) the approach and range of the cooling tower.
Properties of air are:
DBT (C) RH (%) WBT (C) Enthalpy (kJ/kg d.a) Sp. Humidity (kg w.v./kg d.a.)
20 60 15.2 43.0 0.0088
28 90 26.7 83.5 0.0213
(14 M)

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04(a) (ii) What are the functions of steam drum in water tube boiler? (6 M) Candidates
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04(b) (i) Draw the line diagram and characteristics of a fuel injection system of diesel engine.
(8M)

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04(b) (ii) A 2-liter, four-cylinder engine is equipped with multipoint port fuel injection, having
one injector per cylinder. The injectors are constant-flow devices, so the fuel flow rate
into the engine is controlled by injection pulse duration. Maximum power is obtained at
wide open throttle, when injection duration is continuous. At this condition, engine
speed is 5800 RPM with stoichiometric air fuel ratio and an inlet pressure of 101 kPa.
At idle condition, the engine speed is 600 RPM with stoichiometric air fuel ratio and an
inlet pressure of 30 kPa. Volumetric efficiency can be considered 95% and density of
air as 1.2 kg/m3 at all conditions.
Calculate:
(a) Fuel mass flow rate through an injector.
(b) Injection pulse duration in seconds at idle conditions.
(c) Injection pulse duration in degrees of engine rotation at idle conditions. (12M)

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04(c). In an air-conditioned space, 5 kg/s of fresh air at 45C, 30% relative humidity mixes with Candidates
45 kg/s of recirculated air at 25C, 50% RH. The mixed air flows over a cooling coil must not
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whose apparatus dew point is 12C and bypass factor is 0.15. margin
Determine the conditions at the outlet of cooling coil RSH and RLH.
The saturation pressures of water vapour at required temperatures are
12C 0.014016 bar
25C 0.03166 bar
45C 0.09584 bar
Empirical equation for enthalpy of moist air is
h = 1.005t + W (2500+1.88 t) kJ/kg; p = 1.01325 bars (20 M)

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 SECTION – B Candidates
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05(a). With a neat sketch discuss the construction and working of Electrolux refrigerator. (12 M) margin

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05(b) (i) Gaseous propane mixes with air, both supplied at 500 K, 0.1 MPa. The mixture goes into
a combustion chamber and state of products of combustion at exit is 1300 K,
0.1 MPa. The products analyzed on a dry basis are 11.42% CO2, 0.79% CO, 2.68% O2,
and 85.11% N2 on volume basis. Find the equivalence ratio of the combustion process.
(8 M)

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\5(b) (ii) Explain the term flash point of a fuel used in a combustion engine. (4 M)

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05(c) Derive an expression for the COP of an ideal gas refrigeration cycle with a regenerative Candidates
heat exchanger. Express the result in terms of the minimum gas temperature during heat must not
rejection (Th), maximum gas temperature during heat absorption (T1) and pressure ratio for write on this
margin
the cycle (p2/p1). (12 M)

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05(d) (i) What are the functions of condenser in steam power plant? (6 M)

05(d) (ii) What is an emergency governor? When does it operate? (6 M)

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05(e). Discuss the air-fuel ratio requirements of a petrol engine automobile for starting and warm Candidates
up, idling and low load, normal power range, maximum power range and acceleration. State must not
how these requirements are achieved. (12 M) write on this
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06(a) (i) An unknown hydrocarbon fuel, CxHy, was allowed to react with air. An Orsat analysis
was made of a representative sample of the product gases with the following result:
CO2 12.1%, O2 3.8% and CO 0.9%. Determine:
(i) The chemical equation for the actual reaction,
(ii) The composition of the fuel,
(iii) The air fuel ratio during the test, and
(iv) The excess or deficiency of air used. (12 M)

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06(a) (ii) Why are downcomers fewer in number and bigger in diameter while risers are more in Candidates
must not
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06(b). The evaporation and condensation temperatures of a 20 tons refrigeration plant are –8 C Candidates
and 30C, respectively. The refrigerant is superheated to –2C before leaving the must not
write on this
evaporator coil and the compression process is assumed to be isentropic. The refrigerant is
margin
sub-cooled by 5C before it enters the expansion valve. The compressor is double-cylinder,
single-acting with the stroke as 1.5 times the bore. Work out the following:
(i) Sketch the vapour compression cycle on P-H and T-S diagrams
(ii) Theoretical power input to compressor
(iii) Theoretical coefficient of performance
(iv) Theoretical bore and stroke
(v) Volumetric efficiency of compressor, if clearance volume is 2%
Use the following table with the symbols having their usual meanings.
The compressor runs at 1000 rpm.

T P v hf hg sf sg cp l c pg
C bar m3 kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ
kg kg kg kg  K kg  K kg  K kg  K
–8 2.35 0.08 28.72 184.67 0.1149 0.7007 – 0.610
30 7.45 0.02 64.59 199.62 0.2400 0.6853 1.235 0.733
(20 M)

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06(c) (i) Explain Air standard analysis being adopted for I.C. engine cycles. State the assumptions
made for the analysis of air standard cycles. (10 M)

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06(c) (ii) In an air standard diesel cycle, the pressure and temperature of air at the beginning of Candidates
compression are 200 kPa and 300 K respectively, while after the completion of heat must not
addition, products of combustion are at T = 1500 K and P = 7.0 MPa. Find the write on this
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compression ratio, the thermal efficiency and the mean effective pressure.
(Take the ratio of specific heats of air as 1.4) (10 M)

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07(a). The following data apply to a gas turbine set employing a separate power turbine,
regenerator and intercooler between two stage compression:
Isentropic efficiency of compression each stage : 80%
Isentropic efficiency of compressor turbine : 88%
Isentropic efficiency of power turbine : 88%
Turbine to compressor transmission efficiency : 98%
Pressure ratio in each stage of compression : 3:1
Temperature after intercooler : 297 K
Air mass flow rate : 15 kg/s
Regenerator effectiveness : 80%
Regenerator gas-side pressure loss : 0.1 bar
Maximum turbine temperature : 1000 K
Ambient temperature : 327 K
Ambient pressure : 1 bar
Calorific value of the fuel : 43.1 MJ/kg
Calculate:
(i) The net power output,
(ii) Specific fuel consumption,
(iii) Overall thermal efficiency.
Assume that the pressure losses in the air-side of the regenerator and combustion chamber
are accounted for in the compressor efficiency. Assume Cpa = 1.005 kJ/kg K, a = 1.4,
Cpg = 1.147 kJ/kg K, g = 1.33. (20 M)

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07(b) (i) Define the following terms in connection with two stroke I.C. engine. Candidates
(i) Delivery ratio must not
(ii) Scavenging ratio write on this
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(iii) Trapping efficiency
(iv) Charging efficiency
(v) Purity of charge (2  5 = 10 M)

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07(b) (ii) What are the desirable properties of refrigerant which are used in vapor compression
refrigeration system. (10 M)

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07(c). Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of Candidates
0.8 and 0.14 MPa. Each stage operates on an ideal vapour-compression refrigeration cycle must not
with refrigerant R–134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the write on this
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upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where both streams
enter at about 0.32MPa. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle is
0.05kg/s, determine
(i) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle.
(ii) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the
compressor, and
(iii) the coefficient of performance of this cascade refrigerator.
Properties of refrigerant can be taken from the table given below where the symbols
have their usual meanings.

T P vf vg hf hg sf sg cpg
3 m3 kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ
C bar 103  m kg kg kg  K kg  K kg  K
kg kg
-18 1.4 0.7396 0.1358 28.09 239.64 0.1148 0.9438 0.7541
2 3.2 0.7763 0.0646 54.55 251.61 0.2141 0.9303 0.8043
32 8.0 0.8478 0.0251 96.48 260.62 0.3573 0.9181 0.8555
(20 M)

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08(a) (i) Explain the phenomenon of abnormal combustion in IC engine. How the degrees of Candidates
abnormality of combustion are determined and explain its significance? (10 M) must not
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08(a) (ii) Discuss the basic properties that a lubricant should possess to meet the lubrication
requirements of internal combustion engines. (10 M)

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08(b) (i) Define Carburetion and explain the factors which influence it. How does choke flow Candidates
occur in the system. (10 M) must not
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08(b) (ii) The temperature of air decreases with altitude and is given by the expression:
t = ts – 0.0065h,
where h is altitude in meters and ts is the temperature at sea level in oC.
The air pressure decreases with altitude as per the relation:
h = 19220log10(1.013/P) where, P is in bar.
Determine the air – fuel ratio at 6000 m altitude in a carburetor adjusted to give an air –
fuel ratio of 15:1 at sea level where the air temperature is 300K and pressure 1.013 bar.
(10 M)

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08(c) (i) A turbojet power plant uses aviation keroscene having a calorific value of 43 MJ/kg. Candidates
The fuel consumption is 0.18 kg per hour per N of thrust, when the thrust is 9 kN. The must not
aircraft velocity is 500 m/s and the mass of air passing through the compressor is 27 kg/s. write on this
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Calculate the air-fuel ratio and overall efficiency. (11 M)

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08(c) (ii) Define (a) approach (b) range and (c) cooling efficiency of a cooling tower. (9 M) Candidates
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 Candidates
FEEDBACK SHEET must not
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(To be filled by examiner) margin

Rating on a scale of 1 to 10

(1 being the least and 10 being the highest)

1. Competency in understanding the question.

2. Competency in approach / methodology while answering

3. Competency in space management

4. Competency in drawing figures / circuits / block diagrams / graphs etc.

5. Competency in presentation and hand writing.

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