Design of strap footing

SBF1
Working Load carry by column A (PA)= 222.08 KN Factored load (PAu)= 333.12
Working Load carry by column B(PB)= 319 KN Factored load (PBu)= 478.80
sizeof column A x-dir A 300 mm
y-dir A 300 mm
size of column B x-dir B 300 mm
y-dir B 300 mm
c/c distance between column A & B (x')= 4.275 m
consdering;
unit weight of soil (We)= 20 KN/m2
Angle of repose (φ) = 30 degree
safe bearing of capacity of soil(sqc)= 100 KN/m2
characteristic strength of concrete(fck)= 20 N/mm2
characteristic strength of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2

1. Depth of foundation:
((1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛φ))^2
h= 𝑄�/𝑊𝑒 ∗

= 0.556 ≅ 1m
The base of foundation is located at the depth of 1m below which soil is not subjected to seasonal volumn
changes caused by alternate wetting and drying;

2. Footing dimensions:

assuming selfweight of footing=10% of (PA+PB)

Total service load= (PA+PB)+10% of (PA+PB)
= 595.408 KN
Required area of footing (Af)= 5.95 m2

or; L1B1 +L2B2 = 5.95 m2 …….(i)

where; L1,B1 :- length and width of footing under exterior column A

L2,B2 :- length and width of footing under interior column B
considering ; B1=B2=B= 2m
L1+L2 = 2.977 m …….(ii)

c/c distance between column A & B (x)= 4.275 m

c.g. of column loads from the axis of column A (x')= (𝑃𝐵∗𝑥)/(𝑃𝐴+𝑃𝐵)
x'= 2.52 m
Thus, the distance of c.g. of column loads from the left edge column A (x")= 2.671 m
distance of the centroid of the whole area from the left edge of column A;

L1B1*L1/2+L2B2*( x-dirA/2+x)=(L1B1+L2B2)*x" …….(iii)

 (L1^2)/2+L2*( (x-dirA)/2+x)=(L1+L2)*x"
(L1^2)/2+L2*( (x-dirA)/2+x)= 7.952
(L1^2)/2+ 4.425 L2 = 7.95
substituting the value of L1 as L1= 2.977 -L2
L2^2 + 2.896 L2 + -7.04 = 0
L2 = 1.575 m
L1 = 1.402 m
consider ; L1= 1.402 m L2 = 1.57 m

3. Design of footing slab

 a. Thickness of the footing based on moment:
The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering singly reinforced balanced section;
Pu = net upward ultimate soil pressure
= 136.364 KN/m2
The width of beam is considered as the max width of pedestal = 350 mm
Cantilever projection of the footing slab = 0.825 m
Maximum bending moment per meter width = 92.81 KNm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu;
k fck b d^2 = 92.81 k= 0.133 ( for Fe= 500

d= 186.79 mm
b.Thickness of footing based on one way shear
The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering that the shear is resisted without
shear reinforcement as follows;
𝑉�,𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝜏�𝑐 𝑏� �
or; d= (𝑉�,𝑚𝑎𝑥)/(𝜏�𝑐 𝑏�)

where; Vu,max= maximum ultimate shear per unit width at a section at distance d from the face of beam
= Pu(0.5B-0.5b-d)
here; Pu= 136.36 KN/m2
B= 2.00 m
b= 350.00 mm
Taking ; bo= 1.00 m
𝜏�𝑐 = shear strength of concrete in foundaation
= k which may be taken as 1.0 for assumed total depth ≥ 300mm *shear strength of concrete
which may be taken as its minimum value of 0.36 N/mm2 on consideration that the
flexural reinforcement shall be small due to large depth of foundation slab on shear consideration
= 0.36 N/mm2
Therefore; �∗𝑏0= (𝑃�(0.5𝐵−0.5𝑏−�)∗𝑏�)/(𝜏�𝑐∗𝑏�)

or, d= 0.2266 m
Therefore; the thickness of footing is governed by one way shear.
Hence; d= 226.65 mm
and , D= 226.65 mm + clear cover of 50mm + (assumed diameter)/2
Providing 12 mm φ at a clearcover = 50 mm
D= 282.65 mm
consider; D= 550 mm
effective depth (d) = 494 mm
A uniform thickness of 550 mm upto a distance of 494 mm
and then it is reduced linearly to 200mm at the edge; (from the face of footing beam)
Provided overall depth (D) = 550 mm d= 494 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.380
Percentage of steel required
pt % 0.089 % < pt,lim = 0.758 % ( for Fe=
 Ast = 442.01 mm2
Spacing of 12 mm φ bar 255.86 mm c/c

Provided spacing of 12 mm φ bar @ 150 mm c/c

Actual area of steel provided = 753.96 mm2

percentage of steel provided (Pt% provided) = 0.153 % rebar percent OK
For the development length , the following conditon should be satisfied,
Length of bar beyond the face of beam > Ld
0.5(B-b)-clearcover of 25mm > Ld = 0.87𝐹𝑦Φ⁄4τ𝑏�

= 800 > = 679.688 mm ( for Fck= 20

Hence, it is safe τbd= 1.2
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd
= 592.8 mm2
spacing of 12 mm dia required 190.78 mm c/c
provided spacing of 12 mm dia 150 mm c/c
Design of strap beam
The maximum bending moment for the strap beam will occur where the shear force is zero.
Let , zero shear force occur at a distance x''' from left edge of column A;
x''' = 1.221 m (from left edge) x''' = 1.7556 m
Maxiumum B.M = -153.48 KNm Maxiumum B.M =
Then, Maximum Bending Moment (Mu,max) = -348.47064 KNm
Consider
The width of beam is considered as the max width of pedestal = 350 mm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu,
Mu = k fck b d^2 ……. (iv) k= 0.133 ( for Fe= 500

d = 612 mm
let , 20 mm ∅ at a clearcover of = 50 mm
overall depth = 671.80 mm
Provide an overall depth of = 700 mm
Thus, effective depth = 640 mm
𝑀�/(𝑏�^2)= 2.431

pt % = 0.672 % < pt,lim = 0.758 % ( for Fe=

Therefore, Ast = 1505.16 mm2
Provide 3 20 mm ∅ + 2

Provded Ast = 1570.75 mm2 provided pt% =

Check for shear

S.F. at distance 'd' from the face of the column A = -76.76 KN

S.F. at distance 'd' from the face of the column B = 222.44 KN
Nominal shear stress at column A = 0.34 N/mm2
Nominal shear stress at column B = 0.99 N/mm2

percentage of steel provided (pt%) = 0.701 %

permissible shear stress (𝜏𝑐) = 0.544 N/mm2
nominal shear reinforcement is enough at column A
shear reinforcement is require at column B
Spacing shear reinforcement ;

2 - legged stirrups of dia 8 mm ∅

Sv = 515.08 mm c/c min of 0.75d = 480 mm
min. shear reinforcement criteria
259.26 mm c/c
Provide shear stirrups of 2- legged stirrups of 8mm dia @ 150mmc/c
 ((1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛φ))^2
𝑄�/𝑊𝑒 ∗

(𝑃𝐵∗𝑥)/(𝑃𝐴+𝑃𝐵)
(𝑃𝐵∗𝑥)/(𝑃𝐴+𝑃𝐵)

<
 (𝜏𝑣)

(𝜏𝑐)

𝑀�/(𝑏�^2)=

<

(𝜏𝑐)

∅
KN
KN
 N/mm2 )

h of concrete

ace of footing beam)

500 N/mm2 )
N/mm2 )
N/mm2

(form right edge)

-348.47 KNm

N/mm2 )

500 N/mm2 )

20 mm ∅

0.701 %
& 450 mm
�1
 PA= 333.12 KN PA+PB= 811.92 PB = 478.8
x= 4.275 m

x''= 2.67 m
Y
X

B = 2 m 0.35

X
�1 = 1.402 m �2 = 1.57
Y
fig: strap beam footing

PA = 333.12 KN PB = 478.8

272.73 KN/m 272.73 KN/m

264.05

49.2984904 49.29849
40.91 (+)

(-)

-292.21 -214.75
fig: shear force diagram(KN)
-153.475 -348.47
-149.02

-38.82

3.07

84.549
fig: Bending moment diagramKNm)
 350 3-20 mm dia +
mm 2-20 mm dia

3-16mm dia

700 mm

fig: section @ X-X

3-20 mm dia+
12mm dia bar@ 150mmc/c bothways 2-20 mm dia
3-16mm dia

550 mm
200 c
mm o

fig: section @Y-Y

3-20 mm dia +
2-20 mm dia

2-L-stirrups of 8mmφ @150 mm c/c

3-16mm dia
�2
c
o
KN

KN
3-16mm dia
700 mm
Design of strap footing
SBF1
Working Load carry by column A (PA)= 240.95333 KN Factored load (PAu)= 265.04867
Working Load carry by column B(PB)= 211 KN Factored load (PBu)= 232.14
sizeof column A x-dir A 300 mm
y-dir A 300 mm
size of column B x-dir B 300 mm
y-dir B 300 mm
c/c distance between column A & B (x')= 3.45 m
consdering;
unit weight of soil (We)= 20 KN/m2
Angle of repose (φ) = 30 degree
safe bearing of capacity of soil(sqc)= 150 KN/m2
characteristic strength of concrete(fck)= 25 N/mm2
characteristic strength of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2

1. Depth of foundation:
((1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛φ))^2
h= 𝑄�/𝑊𝑒 ∗

= 0.833 ≅ 1m
The base of foundation is located at the depth of 1m below which soil is not subjected to seasonal volumn
changes caused by alternate wetting and drying;

2. Footing dimensions:

assuming selfweight of footing=10% of (PA+PB)

Total service load= (PA+PB)+10% of (PA+PB)
= 497.185333333 KN
Required area of footing (Af)= 3.31 m2

L1B1 +L2B2 = 3.31 m2 …….(i)

L1,B1 :- length and width of footing under exterior column A

L2,B2 :- length and width of footing under interior column B
considering ; B1=B2=B= 1.7 m
L1+L2 = 1.950 m …….(ii)

c/c distance between column A & B (x)= 3.45 m

c.g. of column loads from the axis of column A (x')= (𝑃𝐵∗𝑥)/(𝑃𝐴+𝑃𝐵)
x'= 1.61 m
the distance of c.g. of column loads from the left edge column A (x")= 1.761 m
distance of the centroid of the whole area from the left edge of column A;

L1B1*L1/2+L2B2*( x-dirA/2+x)=(L1B1+L2B2)*x" …….(iii)

(L1^2)/2+L2*( (x-dirA)/2+x)=(L1+L2)*x"
(L1^2)/2+L2*( (x-dirA)/2+x)= 3.433
(L1^2)/2+ 3.6 L2 = 3.43
substituting the value of L1 as L1= 1.950 -L2
L2^2 + 3.301 L2 + -3.06 = 0
L2 = 0.756 m
L1 = 1.194 m
L1= 2.100 m L2 = 1.50 m

3. Design of footing slab

a. Thickness of the footing based on moment:
The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering singly reinforced balanced section;
Pu = net upward ultimate soil pressure
= 110.781 KN/m2
The width of beam is considered as the max width of pedestal = 300 mm
Cantilever projection of the footing slab = 0.7 m
Maximum bending moment per meter width = 54.28 KNm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu;
k fck b d^2 = 54.28 k= 0.23 ( for Fe= 500

d= 97.16 mm
b.Thickness of footing based on one way shear
The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering that the shear is resisted without
shear reinforcement as follows;
𝑉�,𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝜏�𝑐 𝑏� �
or; d= (𝑉�,𝑚𝑎𝑥)/(𝜏�𝑐 𝑏�)

Vu,max= maximum ultimate shear per unit width at a section at distance d from the face of beam
= Pu(0.5B-0.5b-d)
here; Pu= 110.78 KN/m2
B= 1.70 m
b= 300.00 mm
Taking ; bo= 1.00 m
shear strength of concrete in foundaation
k which may be taken as 1.0 for assumed total depth ≥ 300mm *shear strength of concrete
which may be taken as its minimum value of 0.36 N/mm2 on consideration that the
flexural reinforcement shall be small due to large depth of foundation slab on shear consideration
= 0.36 N/mm2
Therefore; �∗𝑏0= (𝑃�(0.5𝐵−0.5𝑏−�)∗𝑏�)/(𝜏�𝑐∗𝑏�)

or, d= 0.1647 m
Therefore; the thickness of footing is governed by one way shear.
Hence; d= 164.72 mm
and , D= 164.72 mm + clear cover of 50mm + (assumed diameter)/2
Providing 10 mm φ at a clearcover = 40 mm
D= 209.72 mm
consider; D= 300 mm
effective depth (d) = 255 mm
A uniform thickness of 300 mm upto a distance of 255 mm
and then it is reduced linearly to 200mm at the edge; (from the face of footing beam)
Provided overall depth (D) = 300 mm d= 255 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.835
Percentage of steel required
pt % 0.200 % < pt,lim = 0.9475 % ( for Fe=
Ast = 510.01 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm φ bar 153.99 mm c/c

Provided spacing of 10 mm φ bar @ 100 mm c/c

Actual area of steel provided = 785.38 mm2
percentage of steel provided (Pt% provided) = 0.308 % rebar percent OK
For the development length , the following conditon should be satisfied,
Length of bar beyond the face of beam > Ld
0.5(B-b)-clearcover of 25mm > Ld = 0.87𝐹𝑦Φ⁄4τ𝑏�

= 675 > = 566.406 mm ( for Fck= 20

Hence, it is safe τbd= 1.2
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd
= 306 mm2
spacing of 10 mm dia required 256.66 mm c/c
provided spacing of 10 mm dia 200 mm c/c
Design of strap beam
The maximum bending moment for the strap beam will occur where the shear force is zero.
Let , zero shear force occur at a distance x''' from left edge of column A;
x''' = 1.919 m (from left edge) x''' = 1.2326 m
Maxiumum B.M = -122.09 KNm Maxiumum B.M =
Then, Maximum Bending Moment (Mu,max) = -122.09199 KNm
Consider
The width of beam is considered as the max width of pedestal = 300 mm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu,
Mu = k fck b d^2 ……. (iv) k= 0.23 ( for Fe= 500

d = 266 mm
let , 16 mm ∅ at a clearcover of = 25 mm
overall depth = 299.04 mm
Provide an overall depth of = 300 mm
Thus, effective depth = 450 mm
𝑀�/(𝑏�^2)= 2.010

pt % = 0.515 % < pt,lim = 0.9475 % ( for Fe=

Therefore, Ast = 695.74 mm2
Provide 2 12 mm ∅ + 6

Provded Ast = 1432.52 mm2 provided pt% =

Check for shear

S.F. at distance 'd' from the face of the column A = -220.18 KN

S.F. at distance 'd' from the face of the column B = 175.30 KN

Nominal shear stress at column A = 1.63 N/mm2

Nominal shear stress at column B = 1.30 N/mm2

percentage of steel provided (pt%) = 1.061 %

permissible shear stress (𝜏𝑐) = 0.540 N/mm2
shear reinforcement is require at column A
shear reinforcement is require at column B
Spacing shear reinforcement ;

2 - legged stirrups of dia 8 mm ∅

Sv = 110.90 mm c/c min of 0.75d = 337.5 mm
min. shear reinforcement criteria
302.47 mm c/c
Provide shear stirrups of 2- legged stirrups of 8mm dia @ 200mmc/c
KN
KN
 N/mm2 )

h of concrete

ace of footing beam)

500 N/mm2 )
N/mm2 )
N/mm2

(form right edge)

-108.25 KNm

N/mm2 )

500 N/mm2 )

16 mm ∅

1.061 %
& 450 mm
 PA= 265.048667 KN PA+PB= 497.18533 PB = 232.13667
x= 3.45 m

x''= 1.76 m
Y
X

B = 1.7 m 0.3

X
�1 = 2.100 m �2 = 1.50
Y
fig: strap beam footing

PA = 265.048667 KN PB = 232.13667

188.33 KN/m 188.33 KN/m

90.89

130.439667 -50.355
28.25 (+)

(-)

-236.80 -141.25
fig: shear force diagram(KN)

-122.092 -108.25
-101.58
 37.77

2.12

52.967
fig: Bending moment diagramKNm)
 300 3-12 mm dia
mm

2-16mm dia

300 mm

fig: section @ X-X

3-12 mm dia
10mm dia bar@ 100mmc/c bothways
2-16mm dia

300 mm
200 c
mm o

fig: section @Y-Y

3-12mm dia

2-L-stirrups of 8mmφ @200 mm c/c

2-16mm dia
KN

KN
2-16mm dia
300 mm
 1
Design of raft foundation
service Load in column B A
Pa = 1168.95 KN
Pb = 844.98 KN
Pc = 2427.243 KN
Pd = 1840.85 KN 19.68 m
size of all column = 400mm*400mm
consdering;
unit weight of soil (We)= 20 KN/m2
Angle of repose (φ) = 30 degree
safe bearing of capacity of soil(sqc)= 100 KN/m2 A C
characteristic strength of concrete(fck)= 20 N/mm2 1m
characteristic strength of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2

1. Depth of foundation:
((1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛φ))^2
h= 𝑄�/𝑊𝑒 ∗

≅
1
= 0.556 1m
The base of foundation is located at the depth of 1m below which soil is not subjected to seasonal volumn
changes caused by alternate wetting and drying;

Total load on the columns = 6282.023 KN

eccentricity along x-dir is obtained by taking moment of column loads about the grid 1-1,
x-bar = 4.677 m
x-bar from edge of grid 1-1 = 4.877 m
Thus; ex = 1.418 m
eccentricity along y-dir is obtained by taking moment of column loads about the grid B-B,
y-bar = 13.371 m
y-bar from edge of grid B-B = 13.571 m
Thus; ey = 3.156 m

Moment of inertia

Ix-x = 9482.27 m4
Iy-y = 3464.06 m4
area of raft slab(A)= 262.2497 m2
Therefore;
Mx = Pey = 19825.205 KNm
My = Pex = 8905.950 KNm
P/A = 23.954 KN/m2
soil pressure at different points is as follows:
� = 𝑃/𝐴±𝑀𝑦/𝐼𝑦 𝑥±𝑀𝑥/𝐼𝑥 𝑦
 i. corner B-2
σ B-2= 57.744 KN/mm2 < 100 KN/mm2

ii. corner A-2

σ A-2= 16.598 KN/mm2 < 100 KN/mm2

iii. corner B-1

σ B-1= 45.416 KN/mm2 < 100 KN/mm2

iv. corner A-1

σ A-1= -11.529 KN/mm2 < 100 KN/mm2

The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficent of 1/10 and L as center of column distance;

For strip A-A;

Mmax = 198.645 KNm

For strip B-B;

Mmax = 691.099 KNm

here;
depth of the raft will be governed by two way shear.

Shear strength of concrete τc' = τc = 0.25√�𝑐� = 1.118 N/mm2

1 For the column B-2

perimeter bo = 2(d/2+d/2+300+d/2+300)
= 3d+1200
τv = 𝑉�/𝑏
��

1.118 = 1267470 1
(3d+1200)*d
d = 165.336 mm

2 for the column B-1

perimeter bo = 2(0.5d+300+0.5d+300)
= 2d+1200
τv = 𝑉�/𝑏
��

1.118 = 1753425 2
(2d+1200)*d
d = 175.16 mm
3 for the column A-1
perimeter bo = 2(0.5d+0.5d+300+0.5d+300)
= 3d+1200
τv = 𝑉�/𝑏
��

1.118 = 3640864.5 3
(3d+1200)*d
d = 214.06 mm

4 for the column A-2

perimeter bo = 2(0.5d+0.5d+300+0.5d+0.5d+300)
= 4d+1200
τv = 𝑉�/𝑏
��

1.118 = 2761275 4
(4d+1200)*d
d = 234.93 mm

overall depth D = 292.93 mm

adopt an overall depth D as = 460 mm

effective depth (d) = 402 mm

M/bd2 = 4.2765
pt% = 1.744 %
Ast = 7010.187 mm2/m

Minimum reinforcement in slabs = 0.12% (for deformed bar )

= 482.4 mm2/m
spacing of reinforcement providing 12mm bar;

= 234.452736 mm c/c
Providing 12mm bar @150mm c/c at bothways in top and bottom.
 X 2
10.94 m 1.5 m

B B

ex

ey
Y
20.83 m

D A

12.59 m 2
 300 mm

0.5d 0.5d

0.5d

0.5d

0.5d
 0.5d
0.5d

0.5d

0.5d
0.5d
0.5d

0.5d
 Working Load carry by column A120.6933 KN Factored load (PAu)= 132.7627 KN
Working Load carry by column B 157.1867 KN Factored load (PBu)= 172.9053 KN
sizeof column A x-dir A 300 mm
y-dir A 300 mm
size of column B x-dir B 300 mm
y-dir B 300 mm
c/c distance between column A & B (x')= 2.56 m
consdering;
unit weight of soil (We)= 20 KN/m2
Angle of repose (φ) = 30 degree
safe bearing of capacity of soil(sqc)= 77.88 KN/m2
characteristic strength of concrete(fck)= 25 N/mm2
characteristic strength of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2

1. Depth of foundation:
h=

= 0.432723 1m
The base of foundation is located at the depth of 1m below which soil is not subjected to seasonal volumn
changes caused by alternate wetting and drying;

2. Footing dimensions:

assuming selfweight of footing=10% of (PA+PB)

Total service load= (PA+PB)+10% of (PA+PB)
= 305.668 KN
Required area of footing (Af)= 3.924859 m2

or; L1B1 +L2B2 = 3.924859 m2 …….(i)

where;L1,B1 :- length and width of footing under exterior column A

L2,B2 :- length and width of footing under interior column B
considering ; B1=B2= 1.5 m
L1+L2 = 2.616573 m …….(ii)

c/c distance between column A & B (x)= 2.56 m

c.g. of column loads from the axis of column A (x')=
x'= 1.448099 m
Thus, the distance of c.g. of column loads from the left edge colum 1.598099 m
distance of the centroid of the whole area from the left edge of column A;

L1B1*L1/2+L2B2*( x-dirA/2+x)=(L1B1+L2B2)*x" …….(iii)

(L1^2)/2+L2*( (x-dirA)/2+x)=(L1+L2)*x"
 (L1^2)/2+L2*( (x-dirA)/2+x)= 4.181543
(L1^2)/2+ 2.71 L2 = 4.181543
substituting the value of L1 as L 2.616573 -L2
L2^2 + 0.186855 L2 + -1.517 = 0
L2 = 1.141628 m
L1 = 1.474944 m
consideL1= 1.5 m L2 = 1.5 m

3. Design of footing slab

a. Thickness of the footing based on moment:

The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering singly reinforced balanced section;
Pu = net upward ultimate soil pressure
= 92.62667 KN/m2
The width of beam is considered as the max width of pedest 300 mm
Cantilever projection of the footing slab 0.6 m
Maximum bending moment per meter widt33.346 KNm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu;
k fck b d^2 33.3456 k= 0.133 ( for Fe= 500 N/mm2 )

d= 100.1437 mm
b.Thickness of footing based on one way shear
The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering that the shear is resisted without
shear reinforcement as follows;

or; d=

where;Vu,max= maximum ultimate shear per unit width at a section at distance d from the face of beam
= Pu(0.5B-0.5b-d)
here; Pu= 92.62667 KN/m2
B= 1.5 m
b= 300 mm
Taking ; bo= 1m
= shear strength of concrete in foundaation
= k which may be taken as 1.0 for assumed total dep300mm *shear strength of concrete
which may be taken as its minimum value of 0.36 N/mm2 on consideration that the
flexural reinforcement shall be small due to large depth of foundation slab on shear consideration
= 0.36 N/mm2
Therefore;

or, d= 0.122786 m
Therefore;the thickness of footing is governed by one way shear.
Hence; d= 122.7855 mm
and , D= 122.7855 mm + clear cover of 50mm + (assumed diameter)/2
Providing 10 mm φ at a clearcover = 40 mm
D= 167.7855 mm
consider; D= 300 mm
effective depth (d) = 255 mm
A uniform thickness o 300 mm upto a distance of 255 mm
and then it is reduced linearly to 200mm at the edge; (from the face of footing beam)
Provided overall depth (D) = 300 mm d= 255 mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.512812
Percentage of steel required
pt % 0.120869 % pt,lim 0.9475 % ( for Fe= 415 N/mm2 )
Ast = 308.2149 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm φ bar 254.8141 mm c/c

Provided spacing of 10 mm φ bar @ 100 mm c/c

Actual area of steel provided = 785.375 mm2

percentage of steel provided (Pt% provide 0.308 % rebar percent OK
For the development length , the following conditon should be satisfied,
Length of bar beyond the face Ld
0.5(B-b)-clearcover of 25mm Ld =

= 575 = 566.41 mm ( for Fck= 20 N/mm2 )

Hence, it is safe τbd= 1.2 N/mm2
Distribution steel = 0.12% of bd
= 306 mm2
spacing of 10 mm dia required 256.66 mm c/c
provided spacing of 10 mm dia 200 mm c/c
Design of strap beam
The maximum bending moment for the strap beam will occur where the shear force is zero.
Let , zero shear force occur at a distance x''' from left edge of column A;
x''' = 1.303008 m (from left edge) x''' = 1.24446 m (form right edge)
Maxiumum B.M = -35.1282 KNm Maxiumum B.M = -82 KNm
Then, Maximum Bending Moment (Mu,max) -81.65 KNm
Consider
The width of beam is considered as the max width of pedest 300 mm
Equating Mu,lim to Mu,
Mu = k fck b d^2……. (iv) k= 0.133 ( for Fe= 500 N/mm2 )

d = 286.1045 mm
let , 16 mm at a clearcover of 25 mm
overall depth = 319.1045 mm
Provide an overall depth of = 350 mm
Thus, effective depth 317 mm
2.70846
 pt % = 0.72933 % pt,lim 0.9475 % ( for Fe= 500 N/mm2 )
Therefore, Ast = 693.5931 mm2
Provide 3 12 mm + 2 16 mm

Provded Ast = 741.39 mm2 provided pt% = 0.78 %

Check for shear

S.F. at distance 'd' from the face of the co -95.31 KN

S.F. at distance 'd' from the face of the co 150.05 KN

Nominal shear stress at column A 1.00225 N/mm2

Nominal shear stress at column B1.577855 N/mm2

percentage of steel provided (pt 0.779594 %

permissible shear str= 0.54 N/mm2
shear reinforcement is require at column A
shear reinforcement is require at column B
Spacing shear reinforcement ;

2 - legged stirrups of di 8 mm
Sv = 261.7397 mm c/c min of 0.75d 237.75 mm & 450 mm
min. shear reinforcement criteria
302.4732 mm c/c
Provide shear stirrups2- legged stirrups of 8mm dia @ 200mmc/c
to seasonal volumn
balanced section;

resisted without

face of beam

nsideration
m right edge)