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2014101704

Assignment No.1

1. What is a digital image and how is it composed?

Digital image is a two dimensional array of numbers. Each cell of a digital image is called a pixel and
the number representing the brightness of the pixel is called a digital number. As a two-dimensional
(2D) array, a digital image is composed of data in lines and columns.

2. What are the major advantages of digital images over traditional hard copy images?

The advantage of digital image over traditional image are:


 The images do not change with environmental factors as hard copy pictures and photographs
do.
 The images can be identically duplicated without any change or loss of information. .
 The images can be mathematically processed to generate new images without altering the
original images.
 The images can be electronically transmitted from or to remote locations without loss of
information.

3. Describe the tristimulus colour theory and princinple of RGB additive colour composition.

Tristimulus system, a system for visually matching a color under standardized conditions against the
three primary colours—red, green, and blue; the three results are expressed as X, Y, and Z,
respectively, and are called tristimulus values.

The additive primary colors are red, green and blue (RGB). Combining one of these additive primary
colors with equal amounts of another one results in the additive secondary colors of cyan, magenta
and yellow. Combining all three additive primary colors in equal amounts will produce the color white.

4. Explain the relationship between primary colours and complementary colours using a diagram.

Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue


In traditional color theory (used in paint and pigments), primary colors are the 3 pigment colors that
cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. All other colors are derived from
these 3 hues.

Secondary Colors: Green, orange and purple


These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors.

Tertiary Colors: Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green & yellow-green


These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. That's why the hue is a two
word name, such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange.
5. What is a false colour composite? Explain the principle of using colours as a tool to visualize spectral
information of multi-spectral images.

If the image bands displayed in red, green and blue do not match the spectra of these three primary
colors, a false color composite (FCC) image is produced. False color composite (SFCC) in which the
near-infrared band is displayed in red, the red band in green and the green band in blue

6. How is a pseudo colour display generated? What are the merits and disadvantages of pseudo colour
display?

A pseudo color image is generated by assigning each grey level to a unique color. Pseudo color
display results in the loss of the numerical sequential relationship of the image Digital Numbers. It is
therefore no longer a digital image; it is an image of symbols.
The advantage of pseudo colour display is also its disadvantage. When a digital image is displayed in
greyscale, using its DNs in a monochromic display, the sequential numerical relationship between
different DNs is effectively presented. This crucial information is lost in a pseudo colour display
because the colours assigned to various grey levels are not quantitatively related in numeric
sequence. Indeed, the image in a pseudo colour display is an image of symbols;it is no longer a digital
image! We can regard the grey-scale B/W display as a special case of pseudo colour display in which a
sequential grey scale based on DN levels is used instead of a colour scheme. Often, we can use a
combination of B/W and pseudo colour display to highlight important information in particular DN
ranges in colours over a grey-scale background
References:

Liu, J. G., Mason, P. J. (2009). Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing [PDF File].
Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Kurt Nassau
Consultant. Research Scientist, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 1959–89.
Author of The Physics and Chemistry of Color.

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