SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Presented by:
• ROHIT KUMAR
• ROHIT KUMAR SINGH
• CHANDRASHEKHAR YADAV
• SRIDHAR
• NABIR HUSSAIN
• SANTOSH GHIMIRAY
• HEMANT MEENA
SOLID WASTE
AND ITS
MANAGEMENT
 WASTE

• It is defined as:
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash,
refuse, garbage, junk) is any unwanted or useless
materials.
OR
“Any materials unused and rejected as
worthless or unwanted” and “A useless or
profitless activity; using or expending or
consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly”
 INTRODUCTION

• Since the beginning, Human kind has been

generating waste.
• It could be in the form of:
Bones
Other parts of animals they slaughter
Wood
• With the progress of civilization the waste
generated became of a more complex nature.
•At the end of 19th century (Industrial
revolution) there was rise in the world of
consumers.
•The increase in population and
urbanization was also largely
responsible for the increase in solid
waste
 TYPES OF WASTE

•Solid Waste
•Liquid Waste
•Gaseous Wastes
•Animal by-products
•Biodegradable waste
•Biomedical waste
•Bulky waste
•Business waste
•Chemical waste
•Clinical waste
•Coffee wastewater
•Commercial waste
•Construction and demolition waste (C&D
waste)
•Controlled waste
•Consumable waste
•Composite
 SOLID WASTE

•It is defined as:

“Non-liquid, non-soluble materials
ranging from municipal garbage to
industrial wastes that contain complex and
sometimes hazardous substances”
•Solid wastes also include:
•Sewage sludge
•Agricultural refuse
•Demolition wastes
•Mining residues
 TYPES
 Broadly there OF
are 3SOLID WASTE
types of waste which are
as follows:
1. Household waste is generally classified as
Municipal waste
2. Industrial waste as Hazardous waste
3. Biomedical waste or Hospital waste as
Infectious waste
 HAZARDOUS WASTE

•Industrial and hospital waste is considered

hazardous as they may contain toxic
substances.
•Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to
humans, animals, and plants. They are
Corrosive
Highly inflammable, or explosive
React when exposed to certain things e.g.
gases
 Household wastes that can be categorized as
hazardous waste include:
old batteries
shoe polish
paint tins
old medicines
medicine bottles.
 In the industrial sector, the major generators of
hazardous waste are the metal, chemical, paper,
pesticide, dye, refining, and rubber goods and
cement industries.
 Direct exposure to chemicals in hazardous
waste such as mercury and cyanide can be
fatal.
 CAUSES OF SOLID WASTE

• The main sources for solid wastes are domestic,

commercial, industrial, municipal, and agricultural
wastes.
• The composition of a city waste is as follows:
 Paper, wood, cardboard 53 %
Garbage 22 %
 Ceramics, glass, crockery 10 %
Metals 8 %
Rubber, plastics, discarded textiles 7 %
•The increase in the quantity of solid waste is
due to
 Overpopulation,
Affluence (material comfort)
Technological advancement
 EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE

a) Health Hazard
• If solid wastes are not collected and allowed to
accumulate, they may create unsanitary conditions.
• This may lead to epidemic outbreaks.
• Many diseases like cholera, diarrhea, dysentery,
plague, jaundice, or gastro-intestinal diseases may
spread and cause loss of human lives.
• In addition, improper handling of the solid wastes is
a health hazard for the workers who come in direct
contact with the waste
b) Environmental Impact

• If the solid wastes are not treated properly,

decomposition and putrefaction (decay) may take
place.
• The organic solid waste during decomposition may
generate obnoxious (intolerable) odors.
 WASTE MANAGEMENT

4 R’s CONCEPT
•Four Rs (Refuse, Reuse, Recycle and Reduce)
to be followed for waste management.
 REFUSE

•Instead of buying new containers from

the market, use the ones that are in the
house. Refuse to buy new items though
you may think they are prettier than the
ones you already have.
 REUSE

•Do not throw away the

soft drink cans or the
bottles; cover them
with homemade paper
or paint on them and
use them as pencil
stands or small vases.
 RECYCLE

•Use shopping
bags made of
cloth or jute,
which can be
used over and
over again.
 REDUCE
• Reduce the
generation of
unnecessary waste,
e.g. carry your own
shopping bag when
you go to the
market and put all
your purchases
directly into it.
 CONTROL MEASURES

•The main purpose of solid waste management

is to minimize the adverse effects on the
environment. The steps involved are:
Collection of solid wastes
Disposal of solid wastes
Utilization of wastes
 DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES

•Before the final disposal of the solid wastes,

it is processed to recover the usable resources
and to improve the efficiency of the solid
waste disposal system.
•The main processing technologies are
•compaction
•Incineration
•Manual separation.
 The appropriate solid waste disposal method
has to be selected, keeping in view the
following objectives:
1. Should be economically viable
2. Should not create a health hazard
3. Should not cause adverse environmental
effects
4. Should not result in unpleasant sight, odor,
and noise
 UTILIZATION OF WASTES

•The solid wastes can be properly utilized to

gather the benefits such as:
Conservation of natural resources
 Economic development
Generate many useful products
 Employment opportunities
Control of air pollution
 WASTE MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

• There are a number of concepts about waste

management which vary in their usage between
countries or regions.
Co-processing waste in the cement
industry : A solution to natural resource
prevention and total emission reduction
Benefits of co-processing
• to conserve natural (non-renewable) resources of energy and materials,
• to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in order to slow global
warming and demonstrate a positive impact on integrated
environmental indicators, such as the ecological footprint,
• to reduce the environmental impacts of the extraction (mining or
quarrying), transporting, and processing of raw material.
• to reduce dependence on primary resource markets,
• to save landfill space and reduce the pollution caused by the disposal
of waste, and
• to destroy waste completely eliminating potential future liabilities.
Process:
Current co-processing status of the Indian cement
sector

• The Indian cement industry is the second largest in the world with a
total installed cement capacity of about 320Mta, production of 220Mta
and approximately 181 kilns. During 2006-11, the annual growth rate
over the five-year period was nine per cent, according to the Cement
Manufacturers’ Association 2011 Annual Report. Infrastructure and
housing needs have provided development opportunities and the
government’s plan to double infrastructure expenditure is expected to
sustain industry growth at a similar pace in the coming years.
• After vibrant growth and technological advances over the past
decade, the Indian cement sector has become more efficient and is
ranked after Japan in terms of energy efficiency. A substantial level of
reorganisation has taken place in recent times with several instances
of consolidation which have also contributed to the implementation
of cutting-edge technologies.