Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
This white paper from the Business
Transformation Services group and global
mobile strategy services at SAP identifies how
adopting a design thinking (DT) approach
can accelerate the generation of better
enterprise mobility strategies and use cases.
The approach provides a way to bridge the gap
between knowing that enterprise mobility is
critical and understanding what needs to be
done to realize the value of mobility for a
specific business and meet the need of its
user groups.
3 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
Enterprise mobility
Enterprise Mobility:
Commitment but No Direction
4 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
THE biggest challenges
Mobile technology pervades all aspects This asymmetry also impacts To successfully deliver an enterprise
of our lives, revolutionizing our personal enterprise mobility. Consumers have an mobility strategy, IT departments
and work lives. The average smartphone understanding of what’s possible; their must work with a multitude of
user downloaded 37 apps in 2012, expectations are fueled by relatively stakeholders, where everyone is an
spanning most aspects of life (such as mature business-to-consumer (B-2-C) expert user. “Mobile means different
entertainment, education, travel, health, applications. However, the requirements things to different people... CIOs and
finance, and business)3 and used mobile that will help to define their enterprise other leaders need to make sure that
apps for 166 minutes4 per day; this is 2.5 mobility use cases are typically fuzzy. they are prepared at various levels ¬
times as long as the average American To compound this, enterprise mobility from infrastructure to strategy and
spends for meals5. has few killer app case studies or customer service for those
benchmarks to help businesses [subjective] differences”7. That
Although our appetite for mobile understand the value proposition of means that the strategy must
application is clear, there are still few mobile use cases. This typically results in holistically manage the entire
“killer apps”. Only 26% of all downloaded IT departments being asked to address lifecycle of a mobile portfolio,
apps end up being used frequently6, ill-defined user needs with continuously including both solutions and services
indicating that in many areas the evolving mobile technologies. How do across innovation, evaluation,
use cases for mobile apps are still you plan in such an environment? solution design, roll-out, adoption,
crystallising. Users are exploring and optimization. Ultimately, the
technology and applications and strategy must focus on the subject;
becoming expert in knowing what is in other words it must address the
not wanted. needs of specific user groups – and
address them in a way that makes
sense both from an IT and business
point of view.
3. cf. Statista.com: Popular categories in the App Store by number of apps, Jan 2013
4. cf. The Wall Street Journal: The Technology Journal Report (August 27, 2012)
5. cf. US Bureau of Labor statistics, 2011: www.bls.gov/tus/current/eating.htm
6. cf. Localytics Statistics, March 2011: www.localytics.com/blog/2011/26percent-of-mobile-app-users-are-either-fickle-or-loyal/
7. cf. The Wall Street Journal: CIO Journal of August 13, 2012: The Morning Download: Meeting the Mobile Challenge
5 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
APPLYING DESign thinking
Problems that are difficult to solve Traditional analytical approaches to How does design thinking differ?
because both the problem and the tackle the wicked problem of enterprise Design thinking is a user-centric
solution are initially unknown have been mobility strategy typically result in approach specifically geared towards
termed “wicked problems”. Based on the frustration. Analysis depends on a solid solving wicked problems. In contrast with
statistical evidence previously discussed, foundation of data, but wicked problems other problem-solving approaches,
the definition of an enterprise mobility are associated with incomplete, design thinking initially focuses on
strategy and development of a portfolio contradictory, and ever-shifting data. problem definition, instead of analyzing
of mobile use cases clearly falls into the Other strategic methods, such as potential solutions8. It offers a process to
category of wicked problems. Imagine analyzing leading adopters or best find solutions that users will love, and
life before Googling: Did you know you practices, prove to be inadequate. They which are technologically feasible and
needed it before it was there? Could you base mobile strategy initiatives on viable for the business.
live without it now? If you answered both simple outside-in analysis, summarizing
questions with “no,” the wickedness of solutions that are available in the market. While design thinking itself is not new –
creating a mobile portfolio becomes While there is nothing wrong in having been developed at Stanford in the
apparent. The aim is to create solutions understanding what the market already 1980’s and well applied to a multitude of
– that will have users in awe for a latent, provides, innovative enterprise mobility business challenges, applying design
unarticulated business problem. is certainly not the outcome. thinking to develop a mobile strategy is
still a fairly novel approach; but one that
has proven to be successful for leading
enterprises.
8. Harvard Business Review describes design thinking as innovation “powered by a thorough understanding, through direct observation,
of what people want and need in their lives and what they like or dislike about the way particular products are made, packaged, marketed,
sold, and supported.”
6 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
how to apply Design thinking
360-degree
Research Ideation
Validation
Scoping
Synthesis
Prototyping Implementation
The design thinking approach has 1. SCOPING By applying an iterative, design thinking
seven steps: approach the telco used creative
1. S coping: Identify the “design Frame the Issue techniques to explore a wider brief and
challenge” Defining a mobile vision is the first step in finally defined an enterprise-wide
2. 360-degree research: Gather new a DT mobile approach. Based on SAP’s approach for enterprise mobility that
perspectives on the challenge and experience, assuring that the scope of the included not only employees but also
increase empathy with users vision is wide enough is the most customers. Widening the scope of the
3. Synthesis: Analyze and interpret data important critical success factor during challenge enabled the telco to define a
to identify the unarticulated needs the scoping phase. Typically, companies vision for enterprise mobility that resulted
4. Ideation: Generate a high volume of start by defining their enterprise mobility in the development of a suite of mobile
ideas with a focus on innovative challenge in terms of transposing current apps that enabled a huge range of users,
solutions practice onto a mobile device. across multiple processes, and multiple
5. P rototyping: Creating quick rough This unimaginative approach will not only technologies. In this case applying design
models of the target fail to unearth opportunities to apply thinking to a wide scope challenge
6. Validation: Sharing prototypes with end mobile technology to enable innovation, generated substantially more value than
users and testing viability, desirability, but also narrow the definition of tacking the initial question would have.
and feasibility enterprise mobility to focus on an
7. I mplementation: Deriving the details incremental evolution and generate a
for a mobility action plan modest return on investment. This was
SAP’s starting point when it was asked to
help define an enterprise mobility use
case for a top-tier European telco.
The company’s initial goal was to define a
mobile strategy that improved the
usability of the traditional SAP workplace
for occasional users.
7 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
how to apply Design thinking
Define the Audience Align Objectives and Drivers to Explore 2. 360-DEGREE RESEARCH
Enterprise mobility strategy can’t be Viable Options for Enterprise Mobility Explore Context and History
defined by IT alone. Identifying and Defining viable potential solutions is a key Understanding the history of mobile
engaging users and a diverse stakeholder tenet of any design thinking exercise. initiatives within a company provides a
group in problem framing and solution Viable solutions are those which a good input into the design thinking
exploration is key to delivering real business can deliver in line with success research phase. Although many
business value. criteria, so it’s logical that all design companies may not have an explicit
thinking evaluations consider how the mobility strategy, this rarely means that
In practical terms, this means challenge and solution relate to corporate their organizations are enterprise mobility
understanding which user groups may strategy and key performance indicators greenfield projects. For example, SAP has
have the biggest positive impact on your (KPIs). You can only succeed if you know been working with a manufacturer of
organization’s overall business strategy how success is going to be measured. high-tech measuring systems that asked
and long-term goals. Let’s say your for help defining its formative steps into
strategic business focus for the coming When considering enterprise mobility enterprise mobility. Searching the Apple
years is growth, and your key uses cases, organizations should map app store indicated that the customer
performance drivers have been defined their objectives to the value drivers that had more experience in mobile apps than
as “increased sales” and “customer will influence these objectives. It should it realized, as it had already launched 18
satisfaction”. be remembered that value can be defined mobile apps of which its “mobility
from two perspectives: strategy” had no knowledge. The ease of
To identify your target users, create a list developing mobile apps and the
of all key players who impact your Tangible value increasing autonomy of line of business
performance drivers in some way. In our •• For example: sales performance, (LoB) over IT spend means that there are
specific example introduced above, these customer satisfaction, service usually multiple silos of mobile solutions
could be internal groups such as business efficiency and projects with every company.
development, marketing, customer Intangible value Ignoring these when developing an
services, sales executives, and service •• For example: convenience, fun/ enterprise mobility strategy means that
technicians, as well as external groups coolness, brand awareness, HR existing expertise and learning curves are
such as distributors and, of course, your branding not tapped into, and economies of scale
customers. Put your focus on the for existing solutions are not exploited –
groups that: an approach that is shortsighted and
•• Have mobile access, FOR EXAMPLE a ultimately leads to a fragmented mobile
device and the potential to use it (not portfolio with a massive TCO.
in a space where using a mobile device
is hazardous or not possible) Find Other Attempts to Solve
• Require business-relevant information Same Issue
while on the go, OUTSIDE BUSINESS The research phase should never be
hours, or where using wired devices is limited to an introspective view of your
impossible, or impractical own company. Understanding industry
best practice, apps that enable core
processes, and looking cross-industry,
“Enterprise mobility strategy can’t triggers fresh thinking and can often
generate innovative ideas for mobile use
be defined by IT alone. Identifying cases.
and engaging users and a diverse
stakeholder group in problem
framing and solution exploration
is key to delivering real
business value”.
8 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
how to apply Design thinking
3. SYNTHESIS SAP convinced the client to tackle the For many participants this prioritization of
problem using a design thinking quantity over quality may be difficult to
Synthesis defines the gap between the approach. Though initially apprehensive, comprehend, especially if their day jobs
problem and the solution space. the client recognized that its mobile focus on quality and precision.
It involves studying the insight collected strategy project had stalled, and their To encourage a focus on volume design
during the research phase, links these mobile licenses seemed doomed to thinking, facilitators should consider
directly to user groups and their needs remain shelf-ware. Design thinking shifted using techniques such as setting time
and helps to identify areas of opportunity. the focus of the client’s investigation away limits for idea creation and collation, often
from technology and on to users’ needs. called “time boxing,” individual brain
Capture Target User Needs Over a five-day exercise the client used dumping and encouraging a fun
Various approaches can be used to design thinking techniques to identify new competitive atmosphere. Similarly,
capture user needs including the classic insight. For example, input from HR stressing the potential to repeatedly
“user journey” or “day in the life of” (DILO) showed that their engineers were iterate solutions will also remove the
scenario development. This approach was polarized into two groups: engineers pressure to find the one correct solution.
used effectively when SAP was working nearing retirement and new workers with
with a North American utility company to little experience. By creating personas for Combine, Expand, and Refine Ideas
evaluate mobile use cases for their field each of these groups, and defining a DILO Once a high volume of ideas have been
operatives. to reflect the key tasks carried out by generated, groups can thematically
these engineers, the company identified a cluster the ideas to identify if and how
The company had brought IT and mobile app use case that addressed the ideas can combine to create unique and
engineering stakeholders together to try risk of knowledge leaching and assured innovative options. It is important not to
and identify strong mobile use cases, but that engineering wisdom was captured look too deeply at ideas during this phase.
had generated little value from sitting and made accessible to all. Hours can be lost in discussions about
around a conference table and chewing the relative merits of mobile operating
the fat. Over three quarters of the use 4. IDEATION systems, when the real objective of
cases generated by these sessions ideation is to prioritize the ideas which
already appeared on the straw man list Ideation involves generating high volumes provide the best balance of viability,
prepared by IT in isolation from the of ideas and identifying those that should feasibility, and desirability from a high
business. All stakeholders were getting be shortlisted and taken on to the volume of ideas. Although filtering is
frustrated; they all knew that mobile could prototyping phase. When defining mobile important, facilitators should always
generate material value for their use cases it’s important to stress that a identify the group’s wildest idea, the one
company, but exactly how remained a quantity-focused approach rather than that was quickly discounted. This idea,
wicked problem and the company was a the quality-focused approach has the often referred to as a “dark horse”
long way from cost-justifying its greatest potential to identify real concept clearly challenges assumptions
investment in mobile technology. game-changing ideas. The value of a and can turn out to offer a viable,
quantity-driven approach does not merely if radical, solution. For example, a design
come from the idea that there are bound thinking workshop focused on defining a
to be better ideas in a larger pool of ideas. mobile production reporting app for an
Large pools of ideas also discourage automotive manufacturer, ultimately
emotional attachment to ideas. Ego (my diverged from this focus, and ran with a
idea) and subservience (my boss’s great dark horse idea to define a mobile
idea) become less of an issue and ideas collaborative tool that reduced rework
are considered based on merit, rather time and increased operational efficiency.
than authorship.
9 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
how to apply Design thinking
10 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
how to apply Design thinking
11 SAP
SAPThought
ThoughtLeadership
LeadershipPaper
Paper––SAP
SAPBusiness
BusinessTransformation
TransformationServices
Servicesand
andSAP
SAPGlobal
GlobalMobile
MobileStrategy
StrategyServices
Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
avoidance
Avoiding the
Pitfalls
In order to identify a solution which is During a recent mobile use case project On the group’s second attempt the
desirable from a user point of view, with a mega-CPG company, getting the project leads were determined to learn
feasible from a technology point of view, right level of stakeholder diversity was the from their experience. A design thinking
and viable from a business point of view, key factor that turned failure into success. approach was adopted, which involved
all these areas have to be represented Initially, the IT department had driven the users from the outset. The core IT team
within the team setup for a design enterprise mobility use case initiative and was joined by people from customer
thinking activity. Exclusion of any one of had looked at back-end systems to services, replenishment, field operatives,
these areas leads to solutions that are: identify over 26 use cases which it and corporate functions. They worked
•• Technologically not feasible (over 50% believed would benefit specific areas of through experience mapping and used
of mobile projects are escalated due to the business. Presenting the use cases to empathetic approaches to assure that the
security, and over 40% due to business stakeholders did not generate user was at the heart of each use case
integration issues9) the expected applause. There were and, in doing so, 26 use cases were
•• Not viable as they produce no business fundamental flaws in the IT department’s developed and validated by the
value (70% of apps built in 2011 will be thinking. The team concluded that it had stakeholders, of which 80% were net new.
obsolete by the end of this year10), or used the wrong methodology for The team discovered applications for
•• Not desirable when adopted by the identifying use case and had involved areas that had not even been dreamt of
user (60% of apps are deleted after users far too late in the process. by the core IT team, including an
their first use11) application that identified grey market
activity that had historically diluted the
Assuring a Diverse Team value that the CPG company had gained
As the utilities case study cited above from its trade promotions.
indicates, getting a high level of diversity
in your design thinking team assures that
your investigation reflects multiple
perspectives. Bringing together
perspectives creates both harmonies
and dissonance which both result in
creative outcomes that would not have
been discovered without a diverse team.
Investigate issues with diverse teams.
Varied expertise, experiences and
agendas combine to reveal new
questions and innovative solutions.
12 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
summary
In Summary
13 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
authors
14 SAP Thought Leadership Paper – SAP Business Transformation Services and SAP Global Mobile Strategy Services
© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
www.sap.com/contactsap
SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as
their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG
in Germany and other countries.
Please see
http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx#trademark
for additional trademark information and notices.