1.

0 ELECTRICAL ROOM AND SUBSTATION

1.1 Electrical Room 1441-ERR-001 Foundation
1.1.1 Structural System Description
This section describes the analysis and design of the structural support of the electrical room, which
is composed of isolated footings and pedestals.

Overturning, sliding, contact area, and allowable soil pressure have been verified on the support of
the electrical room.

1.1.2 Geometric Definition

The electrical room support is a square isolated footing, with side dimensions of 1.60 m, and a
thickness of 0.60 m as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

Figure 1: Electrical Room – Plan

Figure 2: Electrical Room Foundation – Plan and Section B

1.1.3 Structural Analysis
1.1.3.1 Design Loads

Dead Load (D)

The weight of the electrical room and the equipment, per square metre, is assumed as 3.56 kPa and
the weight for the grating is assumed as 0.49 kPa. The critical load on a pedestal is:

3.56 kPa × 3.5 m × 1.9 m= 23.67 kN (2.41 t).

Live Load (L)

From the Structural Design Criteria reported by Bechtel (2017) live load is considered to be 4.9 kPa
(500 kg/m2).

4.9 kPa × 3.5 m × 1.9 m= 32.59 kN (3.32 t).

Snow Load (S)

From the Structural Design Criteria reported by Bechtel (2017) snow load is considered to be 1.2 kPa
(125 kg/m2).

1.2 kPa × 3.5 m × 1.9 m= 7.98 kN (0.81 t).

Wind Load (L)

The wind load was calculated by the Simplified Procedure according NCh432 Section 6. Table 1
shows the coefficients defines by NCh432.
Table 1. Wind coefficients
Description Value Comments

I 1.0 Category II according NCh3171 Section 6.1

Exposition Category C NCh432 Section 7.6.4

 1.29 NCh432 Section 6 (Table 2)

kzt 1.0 NCh432 Section 7.7

General Specifications for Site Condition
V 65 km/h
reported by Bechtel (2012)

𝑝𝑠 = 𝜆 × 𝑘𝑧𝑡 × 𝐼 × 𝑝𝑠30 = 1.29 × 𝑝𝑠30 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

NCh432 Table 1 provides ps30 values.

According the General Specifications for Site Condition reported by Bechtel (2012) the minimum
design wind pressure is:
𝑘𝑔𝑓⁄
𝑝𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 931.6 𝑁⁄𝑚2 (95 𝑚2 )
Seismic Load (E)
The total weight is considered as due to the dead load and 25% of the live load; therefore, the total
load is 42.55 kN. A modal analysis was performed to obtain the fundamental vibration period shown
in Table 2.
Table 2: Seismic Parameters for the Electrical Room Support
Description Value Comments / Section NCh2369 Standard

Category C1 (4.3.2) and according to

I 1.2 Attachment 4 from structural design criteria
reported by Bechtel (2017)
T* 0.188 s (X –Y direction) Calculated in SAP2000

𝜉 0.05 Reinforced concrete (Table 5.5)

R 3 Isostatic structure (Table 5.6)

The seismic coefficients for the maximum and minimum periods are:

2.75𝑥0.34 0.2 1.00 0.05 0.4

For period in both direction: 𝐶= (0.188) (0.05) = 0.33
3

The seismic coefficients must be less than the 𝐶𝑚á𝑥 indicated in Table 5.7 of the NCh 2369, where:

𝐶𝑚á𝑥 = 0.75 × 0.28 = 0.21

Then the seismic coefficient to be used for the calculation shall be Cmax.

𝑄0 = 0.21 × 1.20 𝑥 𝑃

𝑄0 = 0.252 × 29.95𝑘𝑁

𝑄0 = 7.55𝑘𝑁 (0.77 𝑡)

The coefficient for the vertical seismic according with Nch2369 Section 5.5 is:

𝐶𝑣 = 2(𝐴𝑜/3𝑔)

𝐶𝑣 = 0.23

𝑄𝑣 = 0.21𝑥 29.95𝑘𝑁 = 6.29 𝑘𝑁 (0.64 𝑡)

The Table 3 shows the acting loads on the pedestal P-.

Table 3.Acting loads on pedestal
Table 4 shows factored forces used on pedestal design.
Table 4: Factored Forces
Bending
Axial Force Shear Force
Moment
Pedestal Type
Pu Tu Vux Vuz Mux Muz
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN m) (kN m)
Support structure
84.43 0 10.59 10.59 29.81 29.81
pedestal

1.1.4 Structural Design

Stability
Table 5 and Table 6 show stability for the isolated foundation F-401.
Table 5: Overturning Stability Result

Overturning Safety Factor Contact Area (%) Maximum

Support Type Pressure
0.6D±E (kPa)
Static Seismic 0.6D±E Static Seismic
0.6D±W
Support
structure N/A 2.8 1.6 100 97.01 57.13 98.07
foundation

Table 6. Sliding Stability Results

Sliding Safety Factor

Support Type
0.6D±E
Static Seismic
0.6D±W
Support structure
N/A 6.9 4.1
foundation
The stability was verified. The base reinforcement requirements are presented in Table 7.
Pedestal Reinforcement Design
Footing Reinforcement Design
Punching Shear
Final Design
Table 7: Foundation F-401 Reinforcement
Pedestal
Longitudinal reinforcement 8 Ø18
Transversal reinforcement Ø10 @100 mm
Footing

X-Direction Ø16 @200 mm both faces

Y-Direction Ø16 @200 mm both faces
1.2 Cable tray support
1.2.1 Structural System Description
This section describes the analysis and design of the tray support, including its foundation.

Soil allowable pressure has been verified for the structures.

1.2.2 Geometric Definition

The cable tray support is a tubular profile of 4x4x1/4’’ and the foundation has a width of 0.60 m and
a thickness of 0.50 m as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Figure 3: Tray Support – Plan

Figure 4: Tray Support – Section A

1.2.3 Numerical Model
A structural 2-D model with the software Sap2000 has been performed for the lateral pressure
verification on the soil. The model is illustrated in Figure 5. The wall and its foundation were modelled
with shell elements. Lateral springs are modelled to represent soil rigidity; see Item 5.4 foundation
springs in the geotechnical design basis reported by Golder (2017).

Figure 5: Numerical 2D Model of the Structure

1.2.4 Structural Analysis

1.2.4.1 Design Loads

Dead Load (D)

The weight of the steel support in a span of 1 m is:

1.08 kN/m × 2.4 m = 2.60kN (0.27 tn).

Live Load (L)

The live load is considered to be 0.98kPa (100 kg/m2).

0.98 kPa × 2.4 m × 0.55 m= 1.29 kN (0.13t).

Seismic Load (E)
A modal analysis was performed to obtain the fundamental vibration period shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Seismic Parameters for the Substation

Description Value Comments / Section Nch2369 Standard

Category C2 (4.3.2)
I 1.0

T* 0.06 s Calculated in SAP2000

𝜉 0.03 Concrete and steel (Table 5.5)

R 3 Isostatic structure (Table 5.6)

The seismic coefficients is:

2.75𝑥0.35 0.2 1.00 0.05 0.4
For period in X-direction: 𝐶= ( ) ( ) = 1.31
3 0.06 0.03

The seismic coefficients must be less than the 𝐶𝑚á𝑥 indicated in Table 5.7 of the NCh 2369, where:

𝐶𝑚á𝑥 = 0.75 × 0.34 = 0.255

The seismic coefficient used for the calculation was C max. Thus, for each support, the shear at the
base was estimated as:

𝑄0 = 0.255 × 𝑃 = 0.255 × 4.428 𝑘𝑁

𝑄0 = 1.13 𝑘𝑁 (0.12 𝑡)

The force was applied at two-thirds of the height of the column as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Seismic Load applied (kN)

1.2.5 Structural Design
1.2.5.1 Allowable Pressure on Soil
Vertical Pressure
The maximum settlement results in a soil pressure that is less than the allowable pressure as per the
geotechnical design basis reported by Golder (2017). Figure 7 shows the foundation settlement
envelope. The model to calculate the lateral earth pressure is shown in Figure 8. Lateral bearing
capacity is assumed as half of the vertical bearing capacity whose value is 2000 kPa.
𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑘 × ∆𝑠 = 36000 × 0.6479𝑥10−3 𝑚 = 23.32 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ≤ 0.5 𝑥 2000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝜎𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑘 × ∆𝑠 = 1100000 × 0.058𝑥10−3 𝑚 = 64 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ≤ 0.5 𝑥 2000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3

Max. Def. = 0.6479

Figure 7: Settlement Envelope on Foundation (mm)

Lateral Pressure
𝐹 0.69
= = 15.33𝑘𝑃𝑎 < 0.5 × 2000𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 1000𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐴 0.6𝑚 × 0.075𝑚

Figure 8: Join Reaction to Calculate Lateral Pressure on Soil (kN)

1.2.5.2 Deformations in the Structure

Seismic Deformations
According to Section 6.1 of standard NCh2369, the lateral deformations were calculated as follows:

𝑑𝑋 = 𝑑0 + 𝑅1 × 𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑋 = 0 + 3 × 0.32 𝑚𝑚 = 9.3 𝑚𝑚

The maximum deformation was calculated to be:

𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.015𝑥1.05 𝑚 = 15.8 𝑚𝑚.

Thus, the seismic deformations are less than those allowable. The maximum horizontal deformation
is shown in Figure 9
 Max. Def. = 0.32 mm

Figure 9: Maximum Horizontal Deformation due to Seismic Load

Verification of Element Ratio

Figure 10 shows the ratios of the elements, which indicate the relationship between the acting forces
and resistant forces. Values lower than unity indicate conformity with the element.

Figure 10: Ratios in the Structure

All the elements have ratios lower than unity.

The design of the connection between the footing and column is detailed in Appendix A.
Footing Reinforcement Design
Error! Reference source not found. shows the vertical bending moments.

Figure 11: Vertical bending moments (kN-m)

Due to low bending moments on foundations, the longitudinal reinforcement is determined by the
minimum ratio.

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0015

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0015 × 50𝑐𝑚 × 100𝑐𝑚 = 7.5𝑐𝑚2

Foundation Reinforcement: ( 12@ 150 mm at bottom face in longitudinal direction).

Due to low bending moments on foundations, the transversal reinforcement is determined by the
minimum ratio.

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0015

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0015 × 50𝑚 × 100𝑐𝑚 = 7.5𝑐𝑚2

Foundation Reinforcement: ( 12 @ 150 mm at bottom face in transversal direction).

Final Design
The reinforcement requirements are presented in Table 9.
Table 9: Reinforcement Requirements

Foundation

Longitudinal reinforcement Ø12 @150 mm (both face)

Transversal reinforcement Ø12 @150 mm (both face)