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Cause & Effect Matrix

Programming Language Editor


(CEMPLE)
Version 2

User’s Guide

Triconex Corporation
A Siebe Group Company
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies,
names and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No
part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written
permission of Triconex Corporation.

©1998 Triconex Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Cause & Effect Matrix Programming Language Editor (CEMPLE), TriStation


1131 and TRICON are trademarks of Triconex Corporation in the USA and other
countries.
Microsoft, Windows and NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Triconex is a registered trademark of Triconex Corporation in the USA and other
countries.
All other brands or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective owners.

Document No. 9720067-001


Printed in the United States of America.
CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................. 5


About This Manual ......................................................................................... 5
Overview of CEM and CEMPLE ..................................................................... 6
Traditional CEM Methodology .................................................................... 6
Automated CEM Called CEMPLE .............................................................. 6
CEMPLE Functionality ........................................................................ 7
CEMPLE Features .............................................................................. 7
CEMPLE Training ...................................................................................... 8
Summary of Chapters ................................................................................ 8
Related Documents ................................................................................... 9
User Experience Requirements .................................................................... 9
Installing the CEMPLE Add-on ...................................................................... 9
Document Conventions ............................................................................... 10
How to Contact Triconex ............................................................................. 11
Regional Offices ....................................................................................... 11
Triconex Corporate Headquarters ........................................................... 11
Sales Department .................................................................................... 11
Technical Support .................................................................................... 12
Telephone ......................................................................................... 12
Fax .................................................................................................... 12
24-Hour Bulletin Board System (BBS) ............................................... 12
Triconex Internet Web Site ................................................................ 13

Chapter 2 Functional Description .............................................................. 15


Main Components ........................................................................................ 16
Matrix ....................................................................................................... 16
FBD Network ............................................................................................ 17
Internal Variables .............................................................................. 18
Variable Detail Table ................................................................................ 19
Limits of CEM Programs .............................................................................. 20
Evaluation of CEM Programs ...................................................................... 21
ii

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools ............................................ 23


CEMPLE Default Options ............................................................................ 24
CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar .......................................................................... 25
Pop-up Menu for FBD Detail ................................................................... 25
Main Menu Commands ........................................................................... 26
Shortcut Keys .................................................................................... 26
Table of CEMPLE Tools .......................................................................... 28
Selecting Logic Sheet Templates ............................................................ 31
Recommended Sheet Template Sizes ............................................. 31
Editing a Matrix ............................................................................................ 32
Cause Headers & Rows .......................................................................... 33
Intersections ............................................................................................ 33
Effect Headers & Columns ...................................................................... 33
Defining Variable Names ......................................................................... 34
Editing Gestures ...................................................................................... 35
Selecting Cells in a Matrix ................................................................. 35
Editing Cells ...................................................................................... 36
Sizing, Hiding & Unhiding Cells ........................................................ 36
Editing the Variable Detail Table ................................................................ 39
Editing Gestures ...................................................................................... 39
Limitations ......................................................................................... 40
Assigning Variables to Unconnected Terminals ...................................... 40
Changing the Names of Existing Variables ............................................. 40
Sharing Cause States & Effect States ..................................................... 41
Editing the FBD Network ............................................................................ 42
Limitations ............................................................................................... 43

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs ................................................ 45


Setting CEMPLE Default Options ............................................................... 46
Creating a Function ..................................................................................... 47
Creating a Function Block .......................................................................... 48
Creating a Simple Matrix ............................................................................. 49
Steps to Follow ........................................................................................ 50
Creating a Matrix with Intersection Functions .......................................... 53
Steps to Follow ........................................................................................ 54
Creating a Matrix with Cause Header Functions ...................................... 57
Steps to Follow ........................................................................................ 58
Creating a Matrix with Effect Header Functions ....................................... 61
Steps to Follow ........................................................................................ 62
Monitoring an Instance View ...................................................................... 64
Monitor Colors ......................................................................................... 65
iii

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features ..................... 67


Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks .......................................... 68
Structural Requirements .......................................................................... 68
Attribute Assignments .............................................................................. 69
Number of Inputs ............................................................................... 69
Number of Outputs ............................................................................ 70
Sharing Cause States & Effect States ........................................................ 71
Sharing a Cause Header State ................................................................ 71
Sharing an Effect Header State ............................................................... 72
Using the View Manager .............................................................................. 74
Viewing Intermediate FBD & ST Code ........................................................ 75
Printing Variable Location Lists ................................................................. 76

Appendix A CEM-Specific Error Messages .................................................. 77

Glossary ................................................................................................................. 81

Index ....................................................................................................................... 85
iv
CHAPTER 1

Introduction

This chapter introduces the Cause & Effect Matrix Programming Language Editor
(CEMPLE), an optional editor in the TriStation 1131 Developer’s Workbench for
developing safety shutdown applications.The following topics are covered:
• About this manual
• Overview of CEM and CEMPLE
• User experience requirements
• Installing the CEMPLE add-on
• Document conventions
• How to contact Triconex

About This Manual


This manual is a Triconex user’s guide which provides the following types of
information about the use of CEMPLE:
• Overview of CEMPLE features
• Description of editing tools
• Instructions for developing CEM programs
• Instructions for using advanced techniques and accessory features
• Glossary definitions of CEMPLE terms
6 Overview of CEM and CEMPLE

Overview of CEM and CEMPLE


This section provides background information about traditional CEM
methodology and introduces the world’s first automated implementation of this
methodology, called CEMPLE.

Traditional CEM Methodology


Cause and Effect Matrix (CEM) is a methodology that is commonly used
throughout the process control industry to define Emergency Shutdown (ESD)
strategies. For decades, process control engineers worldwide have been planning
ESD strategies with hand-drawn CEMs on graph paper or non-interactive
spreadsheet programs. CEMs are frequently used for applications like fire and gas
systems for which the programming logic is simple, but the volume of inputs and
outputs that need to be controlled is high. In its simplicity, CEM is readily
understood by a broad range of plant personnel from process control engineers to
maintenance operators.
The CEM methodology allows you to easily associate a problem in a process with
one or more actions that must be taken to correct the problem. The problem is
known as a cause and the action is known as an effect. In a typical CEM, a cause is
represented by a row in the matrix and an effect is represented by a column. An X
in the intersection of a cause row and an effect column establishes a relationship
between the cause and the effect, as shown in the diagram below:

Automated CEM Called CEMPLE


The traditional CEM method is time-consuming and subject to errors caused by
misinterpretation of the CEM or inaccurate coding. Consequently, in the early
1990’s, the world’s major petrochemical producers and supporting industries led
the demand for an automated CEM, and the Triconex International User’s Group

Chapter 1 Introduction
Overview of CEM and CEMPLE 7

answered the call. At that time, the R & D group at Triconex Headquarters in
Irvine, California was in the process of developing the leading-edge TriStation
1131 Developer’s Workbench which initially offered three standard programming
language editors as it moves toward the goal of hardware platform independence.
With the second major release of TriStation 1131, Triconex automates the CEM
methodology by adding the revolutionary Cause & Effect Matrix Programming
Language Editor (CEMPLE) to its existing suite of language editors.

CEMPLE Functionality
CEMPLE provides a matrix with two dimensions which are specifically intended
for the development of safety shutdown applications:
• Each Cause Row (horizontal dimension) maps a cause to one or more
effects.
• Each Effect Column (vertical dimension) maps one or more causes to an
effect.
In a CEM, causes are typically represented by BOOL program input variables and
effects are represented by BOOL program output variables. Once a CEM is
defined, it automatically generates an FBD program which implements the ESD
strategy.

CEMPLE Features
The main features offered by CEMPLE are:
• Invocation of pre-defined and user-defined functions and function blocks
for evaluation of cause and effect data.
• Support for up to 99 Cause Rows, 99 Effect Columns, and a maximum of
1000 active intersections in CEM
• Use of FBD as the intermediate language
• Use of CEM program instances in conjunction with FBD and LD program
instances
• Instance view monitoring with active causes, intersections and effects
displayed in your choice of colors
• Named views for specific sets of causes and effects

Chapter 1 Introduction
8 Overview of CEM and CEMPLE

CEMPLE Training
In addition to the how-to and reference material provided by this manual, Triconex
offers training classes internationally to speed the transition from manual and non-
interactive matrixes to state-of-the-art CEM programming with CEMPLE. For
information about training, please contact the Customer Satisfaction Group at
Triconex Headquarters in Irvine California. See “Technical Support” on page 12
for phone numbers.

Summary of Chapters
This manual is organized into the following chapters:
• Chapter 1, “Introduction” — Provides background information about CEM
methodology; briefly defines the CEMPLE product; lists requirements for
user experience; gives instructions for installing CEMPLE; and tells how to
contact Triconex.
• Chapter 2, “Functional Description” — Describes the main components of
CEMPLE; states the limits of CEM programs; and explains how they are
evaluated.
• Chapter 3, “CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools” — Describes the basic
options, tools and techniques that CEMPLE provides for editing of CEMs.
• Chapter 4, “Developing CEMPLE Programs” — Explains how to set CEM
default options and create CEM functions and function blocks; provides
step-by-step instructions for creating four types of matrixes; and shows how
to monitor the execution of a matrix.
• Chapter 5, “Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features” — Provides
information you need to define your own functions and function blocks;
explains how to share the values of cause state and effect state variables
elsewhere in your logic; and provides tips on using the View Manager,
viewing intermediate code and printing cross-reference listings.
• Appendix A, “CEM-Specific Error Messages” — Lists CEM-specific error
messages with causes and solutions.
• “Glossary” — Gives brief definitions of CEM-specific terms used in the
manual.
• Index

Chapter 1 Introduction
User Experience Requirements 9

Related Documents
The following Triconex manuals contain information that is relevant to the use of
CEMPLE:
• TriStation 1131 User’s Guide
• TRICON Planning & Installation Guide
• Triconex Libraries

User Experience Requirements


To effectively use CEMPLE, it is assumed that you already know how to use the
TriStation 1131 Developer’s Workbench and that you are familiar with Microsoft
Windows NT 4.0.

Installing the CEMPLE Add-on


The model 7222 CEMPLE is an add-on product for any of the following models of
the TriStation 1131 Developer’s Workbench:

Model 7202 V2.0 TriStation 1131, Version 9 License (per System)


Model 7212 V2.0 TriStation 1131, Version 9 Upgrade (per System)
Model 7242 V2.0 TriStation 1131, Workstation License (per Station)
Model 7252 V2.0 TriStation 1131, Workstation License Upgrade (per Station)

The setup program on the CEMPLE CD installs all of the necessary components
for using CEMPLE with TriStation 1131. See the Getting Started manual for
installation instructions. Please contact Triconex for more information about the
available CEMPLE Add-on and TriStation 1131 Developer’s Workbench
products.

Chapter 1 Introduction
10 Document Conventions

Document Conventions
This manual uses the following conventions:

Example of convention Description


Select TRICON as the target Bold type indicates buttons, menu commands,
platform. names of dialog boxes, windows, tabs,
functions and function blocks, miscellaneous
Type UpDown1 and press GUI elements; and text that must be entered
enter. exactly as shown.
Click OK.
Select the desired Project Words in italics indicate placeholders for
Name from the Project information you must supply, such as a
Directory. filename. Italic type is also used occasionally
for emphasis within text.
SIN(A) * COS(B) Examples of Structured Text language appear
in the Courier fixed-pitch font.
CTRL+ ENTER Keyboard keys are in small caps. When a plus
sign (+) appears between two key names, press
both keys at the same time.
Cause & Effect Matrix If a term has an acronym, the term is spelled
Programming Language out only the first time it occurs within a
Editor (CEMPLE) chapter, with its acronym shown in
parenthesis. Thereafter, only the acronym is
used in that chapter.

Note Instructions or Notes contain supplementary information.


selections can be undone at
any step.

! CAUTION Cautions contain information about potential


Sample use of caution format. data loss

! WARNING Warnings contain information about potential


Sample use of this format. damage to equipment or harm to personnel.

Chapter 1 Introduction
How to Contact Triconex 11

How to Contact Triconex


Sales information and technical support for TriStation 1131 is available at any of
the following regional offices, as well as the Triconex World Headquarters.

Regional Offices
Americas Sales & Service Middle East Sales & Service
Phone: +1-409-935-3555 Phone: +971-4-314-949
Fax: +1-409-935-3881 Fax: +971-4-314-780
European/African Sales & Service Great Britain
Phone: +33-1-34-43-26-26 Phone: +44-1753-684680
Fax: +33-1-34-43-26-27 Fax: +44-1753-686061
Asia-Pacific Sales & Service
Phone: +65-738-5488
Fax: +65-738-5188

Triconex Corporate Headquarters


Triconex Corporation
15091 Bake Parkway
Irvine, CA 92618
USA
1-800-325-2128
1-949-699-2100

Sales Department
Sales hours are 08:30 to 17:00 Pacific Standard Time (PST).
Sales Phone: +949-699-2107
Sales Fax: +949-768-6601

Chapter 1 Introduction
12 How to Contact Triconex

Technical Support
Before contacting Technical Support, please try to solve your problem by using
this manual or the on-line Help system for the CEMPLE programming language
editor.

Telephone
You can reach Triconex Technical Support by phone between 08:30 am. and 5:00
PST, Monday through Friday at:
• +800-325-2128
• +949-699-2100
When you call, you should be at your computer and have your documentation with
you. Be prepared to provide the following information:
• Product version number—found by selecting About TriStation 1131 in the
Help menu
• Type of computer
• Software version number of Windows NT
• Exact wording of any messages that have appeared on the screen
• What you were doing when the problem occurred
• How you tried to solve the problem

Fax
You can fax questions or comments regarding technical support to +949-768-6601.

24-Hour Bulletin Board System (BBS)


Use the Triconex Bulletin Board to download customer reference documents or
upload diagnostic files for evaluation.
BBS Numbers: +949-768-4383 or +768-4425
Protocol: BPS, 8, N, 1 (where BPS = 9600 or 14400)

Chapter 1 Introduction
How to Contact Triconex 13

Triconex Internet Web Site


Use the Triconex Internet Web Site to read and download the latest information
about Triconex Corporation and Triconex products.
Web page address: http://www.triconex.com

Chapter 1 Introduction
14 How to Contact Triconex

Chapter 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 2

Functional Description

This chapter provides basic information about CEM functionality, covering the
following topics:
• Main components
• Limits of CEM programs
• How CEM programs are evaluated
16 Main Components

Main Components
The CEM editor window is divided into three panes, as shown in the illustration
below:
• Matrix
• Variable Detail Table
• FBD Network

Matrix

FBD Network

Variable Table

Matrix
CEMPLE provides a matrix with two dimensions which are specifically intended
for the development of safety shutdown applications:
• Each Cause Row (horizontal dimension) maps a cause to one or more
effects.
• Each Effect Column (vertical dimension) maps one or more causes to an
effect.
In a CEM program, causes are typically represented by BOOL program input
variables and effects are represented by BOOL program output variables. In the

Chapter 2 Functional Description


Main Components 17

example shown above, LEVEL_1_LOW is a BOOL program input (VAR_IN) and


UNIT_1_ALARM is a BOOL program output (VAR_OUT).

FBD Network
For each Cause, active (non-empty) Intersection, and Effect in the matrix,
CEMPLE generates an FBD network. When you select a Cause, Intersection or
Effect, the FBD Network pane displays the applicable FBD network. In the
example below, the intersection of Cause Row 1 and Effect Column 1 is selected.
It invokes the TON function block, so the FBD Network displays the TON function
block and the variables that are connected to it.

Note It is possible to select multiple rows, intersections or columns of a matrix,


but when you do, the FBD Network pane stops updating its display.

Intersection

FBD Network

In the FBD Network, you can double-click variable names to bring up the
Properties dialog box, where you can change the Var Type and Data Type of
user-declared variables. See the next section called “Internal Variables” on page 18
for a description of the other variables that CEMPLE automatically declares.

Chapter 2 Functional Description


18 Main Components

Internal Variables
See page 33 for Each FBD network operates by means of internal BOOL variables which are
related definitions. automatically declared by CEMPLE. There are three kinds of internal variables, all
of which begin with underscore characters (as shown in the example below):

Cause Variable Transfers the cause state (TRUE or FALSE) evaluated by a


Cause Header to a row of intersection cells. A sample Cause
Variable name is _C01B.
Saves the state (TRUE or FALSE) calculated in an
Intersection Intersection Cell. The states of all the intersections in a
Variable column are OR’d together to determine the state of the effect.
A sample Intersection Variable name is called _C01E01B.
Transfers the effect state (TRUE or FALSE) to the Effect
Effect Variable
Header. A sample Effect Variable name is _E01B.

Open the ExCEM In the illustration that follows, network views for the first Cause Header,
project on your Intersection and Effect Header in a basic CEM show how the internal variables
TriStation 1131 operate. CEMPLE automatically moves the result of the Cause Header evaluation
CD, and display to the Cause Variable (_C01B), processed by the MOVE function, and saved in the
CemExample1 to Intersection Variable (_C01E01B). Then all of the Intersection Variables in the
see these networks.
column are OR’d together to generate the effect state which is automatically
transmitted by the internal Effect Variable (_E01B) to the Effect Header.

Cause Variable

Intersection Variable

Visible in FBD inter-


mediate code only

Effect Variable

Chapter 2 Functional Description


Main Components 19

Since internal variables begin with underscores, you cannot directly access them
elsewhere in the CEM or pass their values to other program instances. However, if
you do want to access the value of an internal variable elsewhere, you can specify
a new variable into which CEMPLE will copy the internal variable’s value. For
more information, see “Sharing Cause States & Effect States” on page 71.

Variable Detail Table


The Variable Detail Table lists the inputs and outputs of the FBD network that is
generated by the selected part of the matrix. In the example below, Cause Header
01 is selected, and it invokes the user-defined LVLALRM function block, so the
Variable Detail Table displays LVLALRM and the variables that are connected
to it.

Variable Detail Table

White cells in the Variable Detail Table are modifiable, but gray cells are not. As
shown in the illustration above, the Variable Detail Table contains the following
fields:

Chapter 2 Functional Description


20 Limits of CEM Programs

Loc Gives the coordinates for the location of an element in terms of


cause row and/or effect column. For example, the name C01 in
the Loc column identifies Cause Row 1 (shown above), whereas
the name C02E02 would identify the intersection of Cause Row
2 and Effect Column 2.
Terminal Lists the names of the input and/or output terminals for the
function or function block invoked by the selected cause header,
effect header, or intersection header.

Note Extensible functions do not have terminal names.

VarName Shows the names of the variables connected to the terminals of


the selected function/function block. Only variables named by
the user are shown, whereas the internal variables declared by
CEMPLE are hidden.
VarType Tells whether the connected variable is a VAR, VAR_IN or
VAR_OUT.

Note VAR_IN_OUT variables are not permitted in CEM


programs, function blocks that are invoked by CEM programs, or
any safety program or function block.

DataType Shows the data type of the connected variable.


Monitor This field is visible only in an instance view. A box that must be
checkmarked if you want to monitor the value of the variable in
an instance view.
Value This field is visible only in an instance view. The value of a
variable during TRICON execution or emulation.
Description User-defined text that describes an individual variable.

Limits of CEM Programs


A CEM program can support a maximum of:
• 99 Cause Rows
• 99 Effect Columns
• 1000 active (non-empty) Intersections

Chapter 2 Functional Description


Evaluation of CEM Programs 21

Evaluation of CEM Programs


The parts of a CEM program are evaluated in the following order, as shown in the
illustration below:
1 Cause Headers are evaluated from top to bottom.
2 Effect Columns are evaluated from left to right in this manner:
• Each intersection is evaluated from bottom to top.
• The states of the evaluated intersections are OR’d together to determine
the effect state.
• The Effect Header is evaluated.

Note To understand how a particular CEM program is evaluated, it may help to


view the intermediate FBD code. To do this, build the program and then select
Intermediate FBD Code from the Element menu.

Chapter 2 Functional Description


22 Evaluation of CEM Programs

Chapter 2 Functional Description


CHAPTER 3

CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools

This chapter describes the basic options, tools and techniques that CEMPLE
provides for editing of CEMs. The following topics are covered:
• CEMPLE options
• CEMPLE menus and toolbar
• Editing the Matrix
• Editing the Variable Detail Table
• Editing the FBD Network
24 CEMPLE Default Options

CEMPLE Default Options


Before you begin programming, CEMPLE allows you to set default options that
apply to all of the CEMs that you will create. Setting these options in advance can
save you a lot of time and effort in the long run. To do this, go to the Project menu
and select the TriStation 1131 Options command. Then click the CEM Editor tab
(shown below) and select the following options as needed:
Defaults can be Cause Header Adds the Input column and Function column to the Cause
over-ridden for
Functions ON by Header. The Function column allows you to invoke pre-
individual CEM
Default defined or user-defined functions and function blocks,
programs if desired.
using a drop-down list.
Effect Header Adds the Output column and Function column to the
Functions ON by Effect Header. The Function column allows you to invoke
Default pre-defined or user-defined functions and function blocks,
using a drop-down list.
Intersection Functions Allows you to invoke pre-defined and user-defined
ON by Default functions and function blocks from Intersections, using a
drop-down list.
Default Number of Sets the initial number of intersection rows in each CEM.
Intersection Rows
Default Number of Sets the initial number of intersection columns in each
Intersection Columns CEM.
Default Monitor Colors Sets the initial colors for active areas of a matrix when you
display an instance view for monitoring in a control panel.
You may select different colors or the same color for Cause
Headers, Effect Headers and Intersections—the drop-down
list for each contains eight colors. Red is the CEMPLE
default for all matrix areas. See related information in the
section called “Monitor Colors” on page 65.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar 25

CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar


To help you edit CEM programs, TriStation 1131 provides commands that you can
select from a pop-up menu, main menu and toolbar.

Pop-up Menu for FBD Detail


Press the right mouse button while the cursor is in the FBD detail window to
displays a pop-up menu (shown below), either for a selected element or when no
particular element is selected. A description of the pop-up commands follows.

Pop-up Commands
Properties for Brings ups the Properties dialog box for the selected
<element> element, which can be a function, function block or variable.
Edit/View Source Displays the source code for the selected element. For user-
created functions and function blocks only, the source code
may be edited.
Automatic Naming Displays the Automatic Naming dialog box for the selected
element.
Toggle Terminal Toggles the polarity of the selected function or function
Polarity block terminal. When the polarity is inverted, a small circle
will appear at the terminal connection.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


26 CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar

Main Menu Commands


The CEMPLE main menu appears above the toolbar as follows, and the diagram
on the following page shows the commands which are accessible from it. (Menus
and commands which are common to all TriStation 1131 views are described in
the TriStation 1131 User’s Guide and Help system.)

Note For each toolbar button, a ToolTip description is displayed if you rest the
cursor on the button.

Shortcut Keys
In the CEMPLE main menu, underlined characters are shortcut keys to be used in
the typical manner of Windows applications:
• For a menu item, use ALT + <underlined character> to open the menu.
• For a command within a menu, type the <underlined character> of the
desired command.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar 27

CEMPLE Menus & Commands


(grayed-out commands are common to all TriStation 1131 views)

File Edit TRICON Project Element

New Project... Undo Edit Configuration Directory... Save


Open Project... Redo Build Configuration Description... Description...
Save Project... Edit Session Journal Rebuild Configuration Security... Comment Macros...
Save As... Cut Compile All Project Elements History... Declarations...
Close Project... Copy Emulator Control Panel Project Options... Build
Backup Project Shift+Ctrl+B Paste TRICON Control Panel TriStation 1131 Options... Intermediate FBD Code
1 <previously opened project> Find/Replace... TRICON Diagnostic Panel Intermediate ST Code
2 <previously opened project> Insert Rows View Download History... Element Options...
Print... Insert Columns Change State to Download All
Print Preview... Delete Rows
Print Reports... Delete Columns Change Sheet Template...
Print Setup...
Exit

View Tools Window Help

View Manager Update Selected Function Cells Cascade TriStation 1131 Help
Zoom Annotate Instance Tile Horizontal Tip of the Day
Size/Hide Selected Columns Tile Vertical Keyboard Shortcuts
Size/Hide Selected Rows Close All Sample Projects
Show All Rows/Columns Arrange Icons Technical Support
Show Effects for Selected Causes Show Properties Sheet About TriStation 1131...
Show Causes for Selected Effects Show Message Bar TriStation 1131 Logo...
Hide Effects not for Selected Causes (Vertical Message Bar)
Hide Causes not for Selected Effects (Horizontal Message Bar)
Hide Message Bar
1 PROGRAM: <program name>

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


28 CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar

Table of CEMPLE Tools


The table that follows describes the main menu commands which are specific to
CEMPLE and the tools in the CEMPLE toolbar which correspond to these
commands.
Edit Menu
Command Description
Undo Available in a future release. Reverses the last action
performed when editing a project element (program,
function, or function block).
Redo Available in a future release. Reverses the last Undo
command. This must be done before any other
editing is done.
Edit Session Journal Available in a future release. Opens a dialog box
which displays a sequential list of actions undertaken
during the most recent edit session. Any previous
state during the current edit session can be recovered
and displayed by selecting from the list.
Cut Cuts (deletes) a selected cell from the current sheet
and places them on the clipboard, erasing the
previous contents.
Copy Copies a selected cell from the current sheet and
places them on the clipboard, erasing the previous
contents.
Paste Pastes the current contents of the clipboard into the
current element.
Find/Replace Finds and/or replaces complete variable names only
when you select the Act On...Names option. Finds
and/or replaces any characters in Comments or
Descriptions when you select the Act On...Com-
ments option. The action buttons are Find, Find
Next, Replace and Replace All.
Insert Rows Adds a specified number of rows, before or after the
row that you indicate.
Insert Columns Adds a specified number of columns, before or after
the column that you indicate.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar 29

Edit Menu
Command Description
Delete Rows Deletes a specified number of rows, before or after
the row that you indicate.

Delete Columns Deletes a specified number of columns, before or


after the column that you indicate.

Element Menu
Command Description
Save <element> Saves the open element but not the entire project.

Description... Gives identifying information about the project


creator, creation date, etc. and allows you to select
read/write status and enter descriptive text.
Comment Macros... Allows you to select macros for use in comments that
you may want to include in your logic.
Declarations... Lists all of the variables in your matrix and allows
you to manipulate them in various ways. Also lets
you declare variables before placing them on the
logic sheet, and lets you select the Safety or Control
process option for the matrix.
Build <element> Updates and compiles the current project element
(program, function, function block) without linking it
to the project configuration.
Intermediate FBD Displays source code that is generated in the
Code Function Block Diagram (FBD) language when the
current element is compiled.
Intermediate ST Displays source code that is generated in the
Code Structured Text language when the current element is
compiled.
Element Options For the current matrix, allows you to select Cause
Header, Effect Header and Intersection functions and
modify the sheet template.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


30 CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar

View Menu
Command Description
View Manager Saves the current view of the matrix layout for later
loading. Each view includes the widths of columns
and the heights of rows. For more information, see
“Using the View Manager” on page 74.
Zoom Allows you to select the zoom view of your matrix
from preset and custom views.
Size/Hide Selected Adjusts the size of columns in your current matrix, to
Columns a number you specify, to the content of elements in
the matrix, or to the default size. Can also hide and
unhide the columns you specify.
Size/Hide Selected Adjusts the size of rows in your current matrix, either
Rows to a number you specify or to the default size. Can
also hide and unhide the rows you specify.
Show All Rows/ Shows all rows and columns that you have previously
Columns hidden.
Show Effects for Ensures that the effects of all the causes you have
Selected Causes selected are visible.
Show Causes for Ensures that the causes of all the effects you have
Selected Effects selected are visible.
Hide Effects not for Hides any effects that are not associated with the
Selected Causes causes you have selected.
Hide Causes not for Hides any causes that are not associated with the
Selected Effects effects you have selected.

Tools Menu
Command Description
Update Selected Updates selected out-of-date elements which are
Function Cells marked with a red X in the active window.
Annotate Instance Updates the Tagname column of the Variable Detail
Table with the tagnames connected to the selected
instance of this CEM.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


CEMPLE Menus & Toolbar 31

Selecting Logic Sheet Templates


For CEM programs, logic sheets are selected only for the sake of printing. When
you start a new CEM program in the Project Directory, TriStation 1131
automatically provides a default logic sheet (Sheet Template B). If desired, you can
select a different kind of sheet using the Change Sheet Template command,
accessible from CEMPLE’s Element Options dialog box. Select from the
following standard-size drafting sheets:

Sheet A 8.5" x 11"


Sheet A, Portrait 8.5" x 11"
Sheet B 11" x 17"
Sheet B, Portrait 11" x 17"
Sheet C 17" x 22"
Sheet C, Portrait 17" x 22"
Sheet D 22" x 34"
Sheet D, Portrait 22" x 34"

After selecting a sheet template, use the Build command in the Element menu to
apply it to the matrix.

Note The only printable portion of a CEM is the matrix—neither the FBD
Network pane nor the Variable Detail Table can be printed. If a matrix does not
fit on a single sheet, multiple sheets will be printed.

Recommended Sheet Template Sizes


For optimal printed images of CEM programs, Triconex recommends using the
sheet templates and printer setups shown below:

Printer Setup

Sheet Template Paper Size Orientation

Small Matrix Sheet A 8.5” x 11” Landscape


- 15-20 rows
- 10-15 columns
Medium Matrix Sheet B 11” x 17” Landscape
- 20-60 rows
- 15-60 columns

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


32 Editing a Matrix

Editing a Matrix
This section explains how to edit the basic elements of a CEM matrix:
• Cause Headers
• Cause Rows
• Intersections
• Effect Headers
• Effect Columns
The section also explains how to define variable names and use editing gestures.

Effect
Column

Effect Header

Intersection

Cause Header

Cause
Row

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


Editing a Matrix 33

Cause Headers & Rows


See page 68 for A Cause Header always includes an Input column and a Description column. If
details about Cause you enable Cause Header Functions, the Cause Header will include:
Header Functions.
• A Function cell that allows you to invoke a pre-defined or user-created
function or function block
• A Cause cell that allows you to specify an optional variable to receive the
cause state evaluated by the Function cell
A Cause Row includes both the Cause Header and the associated set of
intersections in the matrix.

Intersections
See page 68 for The Intersection of a Cause Header and an Effect Header is present in every matrix.
details about Inter- In the simplest type of matrix, Intersections consist only of the MOVE function
section Functions. (represented by an X), which moves the cause state results to the Effect Header for
processing. However, if you enable Intersection Functions, each Intersection cell
will provide access to:
• A drop-down list of pre-defined functions and function blocks
• Any user-defined function or function block which you have initialized
properly

Effect Headers & Columns


See page 68 for An Effect Header always includes an Output column and a Description column.
details about Effect If you enable Effect Header Functions, the Effect Header will include:
Header Functions.
• A Function cell that allows you to invoke a pre-defined or user-created
function or function block
• A Effect cell that allows you to specify an optional variable to receive the
effect state evaluated by the intersection
An Effect Column includes both the Effect Header and the associated set of
Intersections in the matrix.

Note See “Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks” on page 68 for details
about the Cause Header Functions, Intersection Functions, and Effect Header
Functions mentioned above.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


34 Editing a Matrix

Defining Variable Names


To define a variable name, place the cursor in the appropriate cell of the matrix,
type the name and press ENTER. CEMPLE does the rest, assigning default values
to the variable parameters and displaying the associated network in the FBD
Network pane. Variable names can be defined in white cells within any of the
following columns and rows, as shown in the illustration below:
• Cause
• Input
• Effect
• Output

The Description fields give you a chance to annotate individual cause inputs and
effect outputs, whereas the Comments field allows you to summarize the results
of Cause Row evaluation.

Note You can change the default values of variables using the FBD Network
pane. For instructions, see “Editing the FBD Network” on page 42.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


Editing a Matrix 35

Editing Gestures
CEMPLE provides a complete set of gestures for selecting, editing, sizing and
hiding the various parts of a matrix. Details about these activities follow.

Selecting Cells in a Matrix


There are seven different parts of a CEM matrix that you can select by clicking the
selection buttons indicated below. The numbered selection buttons in the
illustration correspond to the numbers given in this table:

1 Select all cause headers Click upper left cell in Cause Header area
2 Select a single cause header Click leftmost cell in Cause Header row
3 Select all effect headers Click top left cell in Effect Header area
4 Select a single effect header Click top cell in Effect Header Column
5 Select all intersections Click top left cell in Intersection area
6 Select all intersections in row Click labelled cell at left of Intersection Row
7 Select all intersections in column Click labelled cell atop Intersection Column

3 4

7
1 5
2

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


36 Editing a Matrix

Selecting Multiple Cells


To select a cell To select discontiguous cells of a matrix simultaneously: select a cell, hold down
without entering the CTRL key and click the various rows or columns that you wish to select.
edit mode, use the
right mouse button. To select contiguous cells simultaneously in a column or a rectangular pattern:
select the first cell, hold down the SHIFT key and click the last cell in the desired
area.

Editing Cells
Editing of cells in a matrix can be accomplished using four gestures:

Enter edit mode Click directly over the text in an editable cell, then edit the
contents.

Note Clicking in the cell but away from existing text or the
dropdown button will select the cell but will not cause it to
enter edit mode.

Complete a cell entry Press the TAB key or ENTER key to complete a cell entry and
move the cursor to the next cell to the right.
Move to the next cell Press the TAB key or ENTER key to move the cursor to the
next cell to the right.
Delete contents of a Select a cell or group of cells (but do not place in edit mode)
cell or group of cells and press the DELETE key.

Note To select a cell, click in the cell but away from


existing text and/or the dropdown button.

Sizing, Hiding & Unhiding Cells


There are four ways to manipulate the display of cells in a matrix:
• Change their size—that is, the width of columns or the height of rows
• Hide rows or columns so they’re not displayed at all
• Unhide hidden rows or columns to the display
• Restore the default sizes of columns or rows

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


Editing a Matrix 37

In general, the actions you can take to manipulate cell display are:
• Dragging boundaries to change their width or height or restore the default
size
• Double-clicking thickened boundaries to unhide hidden columns or rows
• Using the Size/Hide commands on the View menu to change the width or
height and hide or unhide selected cells
Dragging and double-clicking the boundaries must be done with the blank
selection buttons or the labelled buttons for rows and columns 1, using the double-
arrow cursor. This screen shows the blank and labelled buttons as well as the
thickened boundaries that demarcate some types of hidden rows and columns:

Blank selection
buttons

Thickened boundary
for hidden column EO4

Hidden Effect Row

Hidden Cause Column


Thickened boundary
for hidden row C02 Labelled
buttons

1.
Labelled buttons for rows are called C01, C02, C03, etc. Labelled buttons for
columns are called E01, E02, E03, etc.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


38 Editing a Matrix

The following table provides details about sizing, hiding and unhiding cells using
the drag and double-click techniques.

Note Each action described in this table can also be performed using the Size/
Hide commands on the View menu. See “Table of CEMPLE Tools” on page 28 for
descriptions of these commands.

Drag column boundary to left or right until desired


Change width of column
width is achieved.
Drag column boundary to left so that column is
Restore default size of column
almost hidden, then release mouse button.
Drag row boundary up or down until desired
Change height of row
position is reached.
Drag row boundary upward so that row is almost
Restore default size of row
hidden, then release mouse button.
Drag column boundary to left until it meets the
Hide a column altogether
nearest boundary.
For an Effect Header column, double-click the
thickened column boundary.
Unhide a column For a Cause Header column, double-click the
boundary between the currently displayed columns
and the hidden column.
Drag row boundary up until it meets the nearest
Hide a row altogether
boundary.
Unhide a row Double-click the thickened row boundary.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


Editing the Variable Detail Table 39

Editing the Variable Detail Table


The Variable Detail Table allows you to add and modify variables for application-
specific purposes in three ways:
• Assigning variables to unconnected terminals
• Changing the names of existing variables
• Sharing the values of cause state and effect state variables
These tasks are described in the pages that follow. However, before you undertake
them, you need to understand the editing gestures that CEMPLE allows for the
Variable Detail Table.

Editing Gestures
In the Variable Detail Table, white cells are editable, and gray cells are not. The
following table describes the gestures that allow you to edit the Variable Detail
Table:

Enter edit mode Click directly over the text in an editable cell.
Select cell without 1. Click in a cell but away from existing text or away from
entering edit mode the dropdown button.
2. Click in a cell using the right mouse button.
Display Properties Double-click away from text in an editable cell, or
dialog box anywhere in a static cell.
Display FBD Network Use the arrow keys or mouse to select any user-defined
for a variable variable for display in the FBD Network pane.
Resize a column In the heading row, use the double-arrow cursor to drag the
column boundary to the left or right.
Hide a column In the heading row, use the double-arrow cursor to drag the
column boundary to the left until the column disappears.
Unhide a column In the heading row, locate the double-arrow cursor on the
boundary behind which the column is hidden. Then
double-click to unhide it.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


40 Editing the Variable Detail Table

Limitations
Selection of multiple cells is not allowed in the Variable Detail Table.

Assigning Variables to Unconnected Terminals


When you use a function or function block in a matrix, CEMPLE automatically
connects some of the terminals to internal variables, but not all of them. For
example, when the TON function block is used in an intersection, CEMPLE
automatically connects variables to the topmost input and output terminals only.
An additional input terminal called PT—used to designate the preset time for the
TON—is left unconnected by CEMPLE, as shown in Sample 1 below. Therefore
you need to define a variable with an initial value for PT by clicking the white
editable cell in the VarName column (to the right of PT in the Terminal column),
typing in a variable name, and pressing TAB or ENTER. CEMPLE then displays this
variable in the FBD Network, as shown in Sample 2 below.
Sample 1 — Internal variables that CEMPLE automatically connects

Sample 2 — User-defined variable called ALRM_DELAY appears in FBD Network

Changing the Names of Existing Variables


The Variable Detail Table allows you to change the names of existing variables
which are displayed in white editable cells by:
• Typing over the original names
• Selecting other names from the drop-down list in the cell

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


Editing the Variable Detail Table 41

Sharing Cause States & Effect States


Internal variable One of the ways that CEMPLE stores and transmits cause states, intersection states
names are dis- and effect states is to automatically declare its own internal variables. Each internal
played in the FBD variable has a Var Type of Local and begins with an underscore—for example,
Network pane.
_C01B. Like other variables in TriStation 1131 which begin with underscores,
CEMPLE’s internal variables are not directly accessible. However, CEMPLE does
allow you to declare your own variables for sharing the values of internal cause
state and effect state variables elsewhere in your logic. You may enter the names
for such variables in blank cells of the Variable Detail Table, and modify their
properties using the Properties dialog box which is accessible from the FBD
Network pane. For detailed instructions, see “Sharing Cause States & Effect
States” on page 71.

Note The values of Intersection state variables cannot be shared.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


42 Editing the FBD Network

Editing the FBD Network


The FBD Network pane displays the function or function block which is invoked
by the selected Cause Header, Intersection or Effect Header. The following
example shows the TON function block for the selected (blackened) Intersection
Row:

CEMPLE allows you to edit the elements displayed in the FBD Network pane by
using the following gestures (see next page for limitations):

Display Properties dialog box1 Double-click the desired element.

Display Declarations for CTRL-double-click the desired variable.


<program name> dialog box
Open FBD source for editing CTRL-double-click the desired function or
function block. Applies only to user-defined
functions and function blocks.
Display Library Element Viewer CTRL-double-click the desired function. Applies
only to pre-defined functions and function
blocks.
1. Can be used to change the Data Type or Var Type of user-defined variables.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


Editing the FBD Network 43

Limitations
Editing the elements displayed in the FBD Network pane is subject to these
limitations:
• The names of user-defined variables cannot be changed, though their data
type and variable type are modifiable.
Internal variable • The properties of internal variables which are automatically declared by
names begin with CEMPLE cannot be changed, and for that reason, the Properties dialog box
underscores, as in for these variables is always grayed out.
_C01E01B.
• Variables of the In/Out Var Type (VAR_IN_OUT) are not permitted in
CEM programs, function blocks that are invoked by CEM programs, or any
safety program or function block.
• Selection of multiple elements is not allowed.
• Wires cannot be selected.
• Double-click zoom functionality is disabled.

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


44 Editing the FBD Network

Chapter 3 CEMPLE Options & Editing Tools


CHAPTER 4

Developing CEMPLE Programs

Programming with CEMPLE allows users to define process system alarms and
shutdown actions in a very simple, easy-to-understand manner. To help you
develop CEM programs that use many of the available features, this chapter
provides step-by-step instructions for creating four types of matrixes. The
instructions, based on the sample project called ExCemple.pt2 found on the
TriStation 1131 CD, cover the following topics:
• Setting CEM default options
• Creating a function
• Creating a function block
• Creating a simple matrix
• Creating a matrix with Intersection Functions
• Creating a matrix with Cause Header Functions
• Creating a matrix with Effect Header Functions
• Monitoring the execution of a matrix

Note If you installed CEMPLE on your hard disk using the default directories, the
ExCEM.pt2 sample project should be located under C:\Program
Files\Triconex\TS1131\_tricon\Examples.
46 Setting CEM Default Options

Setting CEM Default Options


Before you create the sample programs described in this chapter, you should set
your CEM default options as shown below:
• Select TriStation 1131 Options from the Project menu
• Select the CEM Editor tab in the dialog box
• Make sure that no checkboxes are selected
• Set the Default Number of Cause Rows to 10
• Set the Default Number of Effect Columns to 10
• Leave the Default Monitor Colors on red

If you do not set these default options for the number of Cause Rows and Effect
Columns before you begin programming, you could end up having to use the Size/
Hide commands, or equivalent editing gestures, more than necessary. See “Sizing,
Hiding & Unhiding Cells” on page 36 for details.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Function 47

Creating a Function
This section explains how to create a function called LVLALRM (shown below)
that will be invoked by matrixes described in upcoming sections.
User-created functions that will be invoked by matrixes can be created at any stage
during matrix development, but to work well with the step-by-step instructions in
this chapter, you should create this function now and invoke it from a matrix later.

▼ Step-by-step instructions for creating the LVLALRM function:


1 Create the function shown above in the FBD language.
2 In the FBD editor, select the Declarations command on the Element menu.
3 In the Declarations dialog box, select the Attributes tab and set the following
options:
• Under Application Type, click Safety and Control
• Under CEM Features, check Enable for Use in Cause Header with 2
Inputs
4 Close the Declarations dialog box.
5 Select the Build command from the Element menu and ensure that the function
compiles successfully.
For further information, see “Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks” on
page 68.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


48 Creating a Function Block

Creating a Function Block


This section explains how to create a function block called SHUTDOWN (shown
below) that will be invoked by matrixes described in upcoming sections.
User-created function blocks that will be invoked by matrixes can be created at any
stage during matrix development, but to work well with the step-by-step
instructions in this chapter, you should create this function block now and invoke
it from a matrix later.

▼ Step-by-step instructions for creating the SHUTDOWN function block:


1 Create the function block shown above in the FBD language.
2 In the FBD editor, select the Declarations command on the Element menu.
3 In the Declarations dialog box, select the Attributes tab and set the following
options:
• Under Application Type, click Safety and Control
• Under CEM Features, check Enable for Use in Effect Header with 2
Outputs
4 Close the Declarations dialog box.
5 Select the Build command from the Element menu and ensure that the function
block compiles successfully.
For further information, see “Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks” on
page 68.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Simple Matrix 49

Creating a Simple Matrix


In the simplest type of matrix, causes are directly mapped to effects. An “X” in an
intersection associates a cause with an effect such that when the cause is TRUE,
then the effect is TRUE; and when the cause is FALSE, then the effect is FALSE.
The simple matrix you will create in this section will resemble CemExample1
found in the ExCEM.pt2 project on the TriStation 1131 CD, as shown in the
illustration below.

Outputs to
Field

MOVE
Functions

Inputs from
Field

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


50 Creating a Simple Matrix

Steps to Follow
▼ These steps help you create a simple matrix that controls five unit alarms.
1 Assuming that you have already created a TriStation 1131 project, go to the
Project Directory and click the New button.
2 In the Name field, type CemExample1 as the name for the new matrix.

A CEM is always a 3 Select the Cause Effect Matrix editor, noting that the Program element is pre-
program—never a selected and cannot be changed.
function or function
block. 4 Select the Safety option rather than the Control option, because the purpose of
the matrix is to turn on unit alarms when necessary.
5 This matrix will have five causes and five effects, so it is useful to adjust the
number of cause rows and effect rows which are displayed. From the View
menu, select the command Size/Hide Selected Columns and complete the
dialog box as follows:
You should already
have set the default
to 10 Effect Col-
umns. See page 46.

6 From the View menu, select the command Size/Hide Selected Rows and
complete the dialog box as follows:
You should already
have set the default
to 10 Cause Rows.
See page 46.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Simple Matrix 51

The resulting empty matrix should look like this:

7 Click the cause cell in the first cause row, type the input name LEVEL_1_HI
and press Enter.
8 Click the description cell in the first cause row, type the statement “TRUE =
Fluid level in Tank 1 is high” and press Enter.
9 Click the effect cell in effect column 1, type UNIT_1_ALARM and press
Enter.
10 Click the description cell in effect column 1, type “High level alarm indicator
for Tank 1” and press Enter.
11 Associate Cause C01 with Effect E01 by clicking the intersection cell so that an
X appears in the cell. At this time, the variable table and FBD Network pane
should display the data shown below:

The input and output to this MOVE function are local variables defined by
CEMPLE that you cannot change. (In more complex matrixes, the Variable
Detail Table contains elements that can be modified in various ways. See the
upcoming sections for instructions and examples.)

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


52 Creating a Simple Matrix

12 Repeat steps 7 through 11 for Cause Rows 2 through 5 and Effect Columns 2
though 5. When you are finished, the matrix should look like the one shown at
the beginning of this section.
13 Select the Build command from the Element menu. If you have followed the
above instructions correctly, the message bar will say there are no errors and no
warnings. If you do have errors, double-click on the error message to find the
error location.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Matrix with Intersection Functions 53

Creating a Matrix with Intersection Functions


In the simple matrix you created in the previous section, causes were directly
mapped to effects. However, in some situations, when a cause becomes TRUE, you
may want to execute some additional logic before turning on the effect. For
example, you could delay turning on the effect for a few milliseconds. This can be
accomplished by enabling Intersection Functions, which allow you to specify a
function or function block in the intersection area rather than an X. An intersection
function can monitor the cause state as well as other criteria to determine what the
effect state should be. The sample matrix you will create in this section will use the
TON function block to delay the effect. This matrix will resemble CemExample2
found in the ExCEM.pt2 project on the TriStation 1131 CD, as shown in the
illustration below.

Intersection
Functions

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


54 Creating a Matrix with Intersection Functions

Steps to Follow
The matrix you will create in this section builds upon the simple one you created
in the previous section. The new matrix will add Intersection Functions and specify
the pre-defined TON function block.

▼ These steps help you create a matrix that controls five unit alarms with the
help of the pre-defined TON (Timer On) function block.
1 In your TriStation 1131 project, go to the Project Directory and select
CemExample1.
2 Select the Copy To command and type the name CemExample2 in the To New
Name field.
3 This program will specify the pre-defined TON function block to delay turning
on the Effect. Before you can specify TON, you need to enable Intersection
Functions. To do this, select the Element Options command from the Element
menu and click the Enable Intersection Functions option. The matrix now
includes a drop-down list of pre-defined functions and function blocks:
The default
Intersection
Function is MOVE.

Note In addition to pre-defined elements, drop-down lists in the intersection cells


of a matrix include any user-created functions and function blocks for which
appropriate attributes have been declared. See page 47 and page 48 for details.

4 Specify the TON function block for Cause Row 1 (CO1) and Effect Column 1
(EO1) by selecting TON from the drop-down list in the intersection cell. With

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Matrix with Intersection Functions 55

this intersection selected, the Variable Detail Table and FBD Network pane
should display this data:

5 The Cause Variable (_C01B) and the Effect Variable (_C01E013) shown above
are local variables created automatically by CEMPLE for this matrix only. In
addition, you need to define a variable name for the PT (time) input to the TON
function. To do this, place the cursor in the appropriate white cell of the Var
Name column, enter the input name ALRM_DELAY, and press ENTER. This
input name is now displayed in the Variable Detail Table and FBD Network
pane, as shown below:

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


56 Creating a Matrix with Intersection Functions

6 In the FBD Network, double-click the ALRM_DELAY input to bring up the


Properties dialog box. Set the value of the input in the Declarations tab as
shown here:

7 Repeat steps 4 through 6 for the Intersections of the next four Cause Rows and
Effect Columns. When you are finished, the matrix should look like the one
shown at the beginning of this section.
8 Select the Build command from the Element menu. If you have followed the
above instructions correctly, the message bar will say there are no errors and no
warnings. If you do have errors, double-click on the error messages to find the
error locations.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Matrix with Cause Header Functions 57

Creating a Matrix with Cause Header Functions


In a typical CEM, the cause is the input to the Cause Row. However, some
applications may require you to:
• Use multiple process values as the inputs to a Cause Row
• Specify a function or function block that evaluates the process values to
determine the actual cause state
The sample CEM that you will create in this section specifies two inputs to the
LVLALRM function, which you should already have created in “Creating a
Function” on page 47. Follow the step-by-step instructions below to create a matrix
that resembles CemExample3 found in the ExCEM.pt2 project on the TriStation
1131 CD, like the one shown here:

Cause Header
Functions

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


58 Creating a Matrix with Cause Header Functions

Steps to Follow
The matrix you will create here builds upon the one you created in the previous
section, which included Intersection Functions. The new matrix will add Cause
Header Functions and specify the LVLALARM function you created earlier.

▼ These steps help you create a matrix that controls five unit alarms with the
help of the pre-defined TON (Timer On) function block and the user-defined
LVLALRM function, which allows two process inputs.
1 In your TriStation 1131 project, go to the Project Directory and select
CemExample2.
2 Select the Copy To command and type the name CemExample3 in the To New
Name field.
3 In the CemExample3 program, select the Element Options command from the
Element menu and check the box for Enable Cause Header Functions. The
matrix now includes the Function and Cause columns:

4 For each of the five Cause Rows, you need to select the LVLALARM function
from the drop-down list in the Function column, as shown here:

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Matrix with Cause Header Functions 59

LVLALRM is available for selection in the Function column of the Cause


Header because you declared the appropriate attributes when you created the
function, enabling it for use in a Cause Header with two inputs. See “Creating a
Function” on page 47 for details.

Note In addition to pre-defined elements, the drop-down list in the Function


column of a Cause Header includes any user-created functions and function blocks
for which appropriate attributes have been declared. See page 47 and page 48 for
details.

When you defined 5 Each input now contains a second, empty cell where you can specify a second
LVLALARM, you input to the LVLALARM function. In the empty cells for Inputs 1-5, type in the
specified two inputs variable names LEVEL_1_LOW through LEVEL_5_LOW respectively. The
(see page 47). Variable Detail Table and the FBD Network should now appear as follows,
assuming that the fifth Cause Row is selected:

Bypass inputs are 6 Notice that the BYP (Bypass) terminal of the LVLALARM function is
often used when a unconnected at this time. It is represented by a blank cell in the VarName
unit is undergoing column of the Variable Detail Table—the same is true for Cause Rows 1-4 as
maintenance. well. To connect the BYP terminals to variables, type the variable names
BYP_LEV_1 through BYP_LEV_5 in the blank VarName cells adjacent to the

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


60 Creating a Matrix with Cause Header Functions

BYP terminal for each Cause Row. CEMPLE applies the default Data Type of
BOOL and the default Var Type of Input to each of the new variables, as
shown here for Input 5:

7 Check to ensure that the matrix now looks like the one shown at the beginning
of this section.
8 Select the Build command from the Element menu. If you have followed the
above instructions correctly, the message bar will say there are no errors and no
warnings. If you do have errors, double-click on the error messages to find the
error locations.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Matrix with Effect Header Functions 61

Creating a Matrix with Effect Header Functions


In all of the matrixes you created in the preceding sections, the effect is the output
of the Effect Column. However, you can use Effect Header functions and function
blocks in either of these two ways:
• To process the effect state before setting the outputs of the Effect Column
• To set multiple outputs for the Effect Column
The sample CEM that you will create in this section specifies the SHUTDOWN
function block which you should already have created in “Creating a Function
Block” on page 48. Follow the step-by-step instructions below to create a matrix
like CemExample4 found in the ExCEM.pt2 project on the TriStation 1131 CD,
like the one pictured here:

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


62 Creating a Matrix with Effect Header Functions

Steps to Follow
The matrix you will create here builds upon the one you created in the previous
section, which included Cause Header Functions. The new matrix will add Effect
Header Functions and specify the SHUTDOWN function block with two outputs,
which you created earlier.

▼ These steps help you create a matrix that controls five unit alarms with the
help of TON, the LVLALRM function, and the user-created SHUTDOWN
function block which provides two output signals.
1 In your TriStation 1131 project, go to the Project Directory and select
CemExample3.
2 Select the Copy To command and type the name CemExample4 in the To New
Name field.
3 In the CemExample4 program, select the Element Options command from the
Element menu and check the box for Enable Effect Header Functions. The
matrix now includes the Effect and Function columns:

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Creating a Matrix with Effect Header Functions 63

4 For each of the five Effect Columns, you need to select the SHUTDOWN
function block from the drop-down list in the Function column, as shown here:

SHUTDOWN is available for selection in the Function column of the Effect


Header because you declared the appropriate attributes when you created the
function block, enabling it for use in an Effect Header with two outputs. See
“Creating a Function Block” on page 48 for details.

Note In addition to pre-defined elements, the drop-down lists in the Function


column of an Effect Header includes any user-created functions and function
blocks for which appropriate attributes have been declared. See page 47 and page
48 for details.

When you defined 5 Each Effect Column now contains a second, empty cell where you can specify
SHUTDOWN, you a second output from the SHUTDOWN function block. In the empty output
specified two out- cells of Effect Headers 1-5, type in the variable names UNIT_1_DOWN
puts (see page 48). through UNIT_5_DOWN respectively. The Variable Detail Table and the
FBD Network should now appear as follows, assuming that the fifth Effect
Column is selected:

6 As you can see above, CEMPLE automatically connected your second output
variable to the STRT_SHUTDOWN terminal of the SHUTDOWN function

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


64 Monitoring an Instance View

block. At the same time, CEMPLE automatically assigned the default Data
Type of BOOL and the default Var Type of Output to the UNIT_5_DOWN
variable, as shown below. CEMPLE also applied these properties to the other
four output variables that you defined.

7 Check to ensure that the matrix now looks like the one shown at the beginning
of this section.
8 Select the Build command from the Element menu. If you have followed the
above instructions correctly, the message bar will say there are no errors and no
warnings. If you do have errors, double-click on the error messages to find the
error locations.

Monitoring an Instance View


This section explains how to monitor an instance view of a matrix using the
CemExample1 program you created in “Creating a Simple Matrix” on page 49:
1 Go to the TRICON Configuration editor and create a program instance for
CemExample1 called P1.
2 Use the Connections Wizard to automatically create tag names for the
variables in P1. Select the Unaliased Memory point type for the tag names.
3 Go to the Emulator Control Panel and select the Connect, Download All and
Run commands.
4 Select the P1 instance name from the tree and click the Instance View
command or tool to see a full matrix display.
5 In the Variable Detail Table, click the desired boxes in the Mon (Monitor)
column so that TRUE or FALSE values will appear in the adjacent Value
column.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


Monitoring an Instance View 65

6 Double-click any Cause Variable in the Variable Detail Table to bring up the
Properties dialog box.
Red is the default 7 In the Set Value field, enter the value “TRUE” or “1” and click the Confirm
color for active button—then watch the Cause Row and Effect Column go active and turn red,
areas. as shown below. Note that TRUE also appears in the Value column of the
Variable Detail Table for the LEVEL_1_HI input.

Instance
View

Active Areas
Shown in Red

Monitor Colors
Red is the default color for active areas of a matrix being monitored in an Instance
View, but you can select other colors using either of these facilities:
• Element Options dialog box for individual CEM programs
• CEM Editor tab of the TriStation 1131 Options dialog box to set initial
colors for all CEM programs that you create in a project

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


66 Monitoring an Instance View

Colors must be selected before downloading your project to the TRICON


controller or to the Emulator.

Note See the TriStation 1131 User’s Guide for details about the control panels
and enabling/disabling of variables.

Chapter 4 Developing CEMPLE Programs


CHAPTER 5

Advanced Techniques and


Accessory Features

This chapter describes the following advanced techniques for power programming
of complex CEMs:
• Designing CEM functions and function blocks
• Sharing cause states and effect states
The chapter also describes a few accessory features for added convenience:
• Using the View Manager
• Viewing intermediate FBD code and ST code
• Printing variable location lists
68 Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks

Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks


A CEM program may invoke either pre-defined functions and function blocks or
those that you design yourself. The facts you need to know in order to successfully
design your own CEM functions and function blocks fall into these two categories:
• Structural requirements
• Attribute assignments

Structural Requirements
To design a function or function block that will be invoked by a CEM program, you
need to know which part of the matrix will invoke it:
• A Cause Header
• An Intersection
• An Effect Header
After determining this, you need to structure your function or function block
according to the following requirements:

Type of Function
Usage Requirements
or Function Block
Cause Header Evaluates up to 9 process inputs of any 1. The topmost 1 to 9 input terminals
data types, in order to produce one may be specified to receive process inputs
BOOL output (the cause state). of any data types.
2. The topmost output terminal must be
of the BOOL data type.
Intersection Evaluates one BOOL input from a 1. The topmost input terminal must be of
Cause Row and produces one BOOL type BOOL.
output (the effect state).
2. The topmost output terminal must be
of type BOOL.
Effect Header Evaluates one BOOL input (the effect 1. The topmost input terminal must be of
state) and produce up to nine process type BOOL.
outputs which are directly related to the
2. The topmost 2 to 9 output terminals
effect state.
must be of type BOOL, DINT or REAL if
the Var Type is Output, or any data type
if the Var Type is Local.

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks 69

Attribute Assignments
After you have designed the logic for a CEM function or function block, you need
to enable it for invocation by a Cause Header, an Intersection or an Effect Header.
To do this, you need to assign an appropriate attribute by following these steps:
• Open the function or function block
• Select the Declarations command from the Element menu
• Select the appropriate option(s) from the Attributes tab as shown below:
See the TriStation
1131 User’s Guide
for information
about the Applica-
tion Type attribute.

After assigning the necessary attribute(s), you should use the Build command on
the Element menu.

Number of Inputs
The number of inputs you select when enabling the Cause Header attribute refers
to the number of process input variables that will be displayed in a Cause Header.
It does not necessarily refer to the total number of input terminals that the function
or function block provides.

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


70 Designing CEM Functions & Function Blocks

Number of Outputs
The number of outputs you select when enabling the Effect Header attribute refers
to the number of process output variables you wish to display in the Effect Header.
It does not necessarily refer to the total number of output terminals that the function
or function block provides.

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


Sharing Cause States & Effect States 71

Sharing Cause States & Effect States


Internal variable One of the ways that CEMPLE stores and transmits cause states, intersection states
names are dis- and effect states is to automatically declare its own internal variables. Each internal
played in the FBD variable has a Var Type of Local and begins with an underscore—for example,
Network pane.
_C01B. Like other variables in TriStation 1131 which begin with underscores,
CEMPLE’s internal variables are not directly accessible. However, CEMPLE does
allow you to declare your own variables for sharing the values of internal cause
state and effect state variables elsewhere in your logic.
Intersection states When you turn on the options for Cause Header Functions and/or Effect Header
cannot be shared. Functions, CEMPLE displays a Cause column and/or Effect column which appear
to contain blank cells. These cells are in fact used to transmit a cause state to the
Intersection or to transmit an effect state to the output variables. It is within these
blank cells that you can declare your own variables for sharing of cause states or
effect states, as explained in the sections that follow.

Sharing a Cause Header State


CemExample4 is When you use the Element Options dialog box to turn on the option called Enable
part of ExCEM.pt2 Cause Header Functions, CEMPLE displays a Cause column containing blank
on the TriStation white cells, as shown below in the CemExample4 program:
1131 CD.

In this example, you want to share the cause state—represented by the internal
variable named _C01B displayed in the FBD Network pane—elsewhere in the
program. To do this, you need to declare a new variable in the blank white cell
adjacent to the LVLARLM terminal. Place the cursor in the blank cell, type the
name CAUSE_STATE, and press ENTER. The new variable name then appears
under _C01B in the FBD Network pane and in the Cause column, as shown
below. This CAUSE_STATE variable is now ready for use elsewhere in the

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


72 Sharing Cause States & Effect States

matrix. To use this variable in another program instance, change its Var Type to
Output using the Properties dialog box.

Sharing an Effect Header State


CemExample4 is When you use the Element Options dialog box to turn on the option called Enable
part of ExCEM.pt2 Effect Header Functions, CEMPLE displays an Effect column containing blank
on the TriStation white cells, as shown below in the CemExample4 program:
1131 CD.

In this example, you want to share the effect state—represented by the internal
variable named _E01F1 displayed in the FBD Network pane—elsewhere in the

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


Sharing Cause States & Effect States 73

program. To do this, you need to declare a new variable in the blank white cell
adjacent to the EFFECT terminal. Place the cursor in the blank cell, type the name
SHARED_EFFECT, and press ENTER. The new variable name then appears in the
Effect row and in place of _E01F1 in the FBD Network pane, as shown below.
This variable is now ready for use elsewhere in the matrix or in another program
instance. (Though the internal variable named _E01F1 is no longer displayed in the
FBD Network pane, it continues to operate internally for storage and transmission
of the effect state.)

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


74 Using the View Manager

Using the View Manager


The View Manager dialog box, accessible from the View menu, saves the format
of the current matrix view so that it may be recalled later. The format includes:
• Widths of columns
• Heights of rows
• Hidden rows and columns
• Unhidden rows and columns
The View Manager can be helpful when you have a very large matrix that cannot
be displayed on the screen all at one time.

▼ Follow these basic steps to use the View Manager successfully:


1 Format the view you want to save by using:
• Commands on the View menu (described in “Table of CEMPLE Tools” on
page 28):
– Zoom
– Size/Hide Selected Columns
– Size/Hide Selected Rows
– Show All Rows/Columns
– Show Effects for Selected Causes
– Show Causes for Selected Effects
– Hide Effects not for Selected Causes
– Hide Causes not for Selected Effects
• Drag and double-click editing techniques described in “Sizing, Hiding &
Unhiding Cells” on page 36
2 Click the Save button, then type a name for the view you will save and click OK.
3 When is time to recall a particular view, select its name from the View
Manager’s list and click the Load button.

Note The View Manager saves the format of the current matrix layout, but does
not save variable names or other data which may change.

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


Viewing Intermediate FBD & ST Code 75

Viewing Intermediate FBD & ST Code


The Element menu provides three related commands for CEMPLE users:
• Build
• Intermediate FBD Code
• Intermediate ST Code
When you use the Build command to compile a CEM, TriStation 1131
automatically generates an FBD program which you can view in read-only form by
selecting the Intermediate FBD Code command. You can also view the ST source
code underlying the FBD program by selecting the Intermediate ST Code
command.
The read-only intermediate code can be used for:
• Debugging purposes
• Understanding how CEMs are evaluated
– For details, see “Evaluation of CEM Programs” on page 21
• Viewing the OR functions which are used in CEM evaluation but are not
displayed in the FBD Network pane
Use the Print • Printing the networks generated by a CEM
command on the
File menu. Note The only printable portion of a CEM is the matrix—neither the FBD
Network pane nor the Variable Detail Table can be printed.

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


76 Printing Variable Location Lists

Printing Variable Location Lists


When you print a CEM, TriStation 1131 includes a second sheet which lists the
location of each variable in the matrix, grouped according to Var Type. The
variable location list shown below is the one generated by the CemExample4
sample program found in the ExCEM.pt2 project on the TriStation 1131 CD:

Note Use the Print Preview command on the File menu to view a variable
location list without having to print it.

Chapter 5 Advanced Techniques and Accessory Features


APPENDIX A

CEM-Specific Error Messages

This appendix lists only the CEM-specific error messages that TriStation 1131
may generate. See the TriStation 1131 Help System for explanations of other error
messages.

CE0001 Matrix Error—No Defined Intersections


Cause: There are no defined intersections for the specified cause.
Solution: Define an intersection for the cause.

CE0002 Matrix Error—Intersections Defined for Undefined Cause


Cause: Intersections are defined for a cause which has not yet
been defined.
Solution: Define a cause for the already-defined intersections.

CE0003 Matrix Error—No Intersections Defined for Effect


Cause: No intersections are defined for the specified effect.
Solution: Define an intersection for the effect.

CE0004 Matrix Error—Intersections Defined for Undefined Effect Enn


Cause: Intersections have been defined for an effect which has not
yet been defined.
Solution: Define an effect for the intersections.

CE0005 Matrix Error—Out-of-date or invalid function (block) at nn


Cause: There is an out-of-date or invalid function or function
block at location nn in the matrix.
Solution: Update the function or function block at location nn.
78

CE0006 Matrix Error—The last row will not be deleted. The CEM must
have at least one row at all times.
Cause: Deletion of the only row in the matrix was attempted.
Solution: Ensure that at least one row exists in your matrix at all
times.

CE0007 Matrix Error—The last column will not be deleted. The CEM must
have at least one column at all times.
Cause: Deletion of the only column in the matrix was attempted.
Solution: Ensure that at least one column exists in your matrix at all
times.

CE0008 Matrix Error—The CEM cannot have more than 99 rows


Cause: Adding the designated number of rows will cause the
current matrix to exceed 99 rows.
Solution: Reduce the number of rows being added to ensure that the
current matrix will not exceed 99 rows.

CE0009 Matrix Error—The CEM cannot have more than 99 columns


Cause: Adding the designated number of columns will cause the
current matrix to exceed 99 columns.
Solution: Reduce the number of columns being added to ensure that
the current matrix will not exceed 99 columns.

CE0010 Matrix Error—Cause Header functions can be disabled only after


user-specified functions are removed and after either the input
or cause variable is removed when both are defined.
Cause: An attempt was made to disable Cause Header functions
either before removing user-created functions, or before
removing the Input or Cause Variable when both are
defined.
Solution: Remove user-created functions, and the Input or Cause
Variable if it is defined. Then disable Cause Header
Functions.

Appendix A CEM-Specific Error Messages


79

CE0011 Matrix Error—Effect Header functions can be disabled only after


user-specified functions are removed and after either the output
or effect variable is removed when both are defined.
Cause: An attempt was made to disable Effect Header functions
either before removing user-created functions, or before
removing the Output or Cause Variable when both are
defined.
Solution: Remove user-created functions, and the Output or Cause
Variable if it is defined. Then disable Effect Header
functions.

CE0012 Matrix Error—Disabling intersection functions will cause all


user-defined functions to be changed to “MOVE” functions and
all user-defined variables to be removed. Proceed to disable
intersection functions?
Cause: An attempt was made to disable Intersection Functions
before removing user-created functions or function blocks
and variables.
Solution: Make sure that you want to change all user-created
functions or function blocks to MOVE functions and
remove all user-created variables. Otherwise answer NO.

Appendix A CEM-Specific Error Messages


80

Appendix A CEM-Specific Error Messages


Glossary

Application Type The attribute of a program, function or function block that defines its use in a safety
and/or control application. See the TriStation 1131 Users’ Guide for details.

cause In CEM methodology, a cause is a problem to be solved by the matrix.

Cause Header The part of a Cause Row preceding the Intersection cells which always includes the
Cause and Description columns and may include the Input and Function
columns.

Cause Header A function or function block that may be selected from a drop-down list in the
Function Function column of a Cause Header.

Cause Row The horizontal dimension of a matrix which maps a cause to one or more effects.
Includes the Cause Header, Intersections and Comments.

cause state The TRUE or FALSE state resulting from evaluation by a Cause Header.

CEM1 A two-dimensional matrix for the development of safety applications, where


causes are represented by rows and effects are represented by columns.

CEM Features The attribute of a function or function block that defines whether the element may
attribute be used in a Cause Header, Intersection or Effect Header.

CEMPLE A language editor in the TriStation 1131 Developer’s Workbench that allows you
to develop CEMs for safety shutdown applications.

CEM program A TriStation 1131 program created in the CEM language using the CEMPLE
editor. Also known as a matrix.

effect In CEM methodology, an effect is an action that must be taken to solve a cause
(problem).

Effect Column The vertical dimension of a matrix which maps one or more causes to an effect.
Includes the Effect Header and Intersections.

1.
The acronym stands for Cause & Effect Matrix.
82 Glossary

Effect Header The part of an Effect Column above the Intersection cells which always includes
the Description and Effect columns and may include the Function and Output
columns.

Effect Header A function or function block that may be selected from a drop-down list in the
function Function row of an Effect Header.

effect state The TRUE or FALSE state resulting from evaluation by an Effect Header.

FBD Network The lower right quadrant of a CEM display that shows the FBD network generated
pane by the selected part of the matrix.

instance view The view of a selected program instance which you can display using the Instance
View command or tool button in the Emulator Control Panel or TRICON
Control Panel.

intermediate The FBD program that TriStation 1131 automatically generates when it compiles
FBD code a CEM.

intermediate ST The ST source code that underlies the FBD program which TriStation 1131
code automatically generates when compiling a CEM.

internal variable A variable that is automatically defined by CEM and cannot be modified by the
user. Every internal variable begins with the underscore character and is displayed
only in the FBD Network pane.

Intersection A cell in a matrix where a Cause Row intersects an Effect Column. In the simplest
type of matrix, an intersection consists only of the MOVE function. If the Enable
Intersection Functions option is selected, an intersection consists of a pre-defined
or user-created function or function block selected from a drop-down list.

Intersection A function or function block that may be selected from a drop-down list in the
Function Intersection cell of a Cause Row and an Effect Column.

matrix 1. A CEM program.


2. A traditional methodology for ESD applications which associates a problem
(cause) in a process with one or more actions (effects) that must be taken to correct
the problem.
3. A logic network whose configuration is an array of intersections of its input/
output leads, with elements connected at some of these intersections. (IEEE
Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms)
Glossary 83

pre-defined 1. In CEM, functions or function blocks that may be selected from drop-down lists
functions, in the cells of the Function column in a Cause Header or Effect Header, or in
function blocks Intersection cells.
2. Functions and functions blocks in the Standard, Triconex and TRICON
Libraries that TriStation 1131 automatically makes available for project
development.

Variable Detail The lower-left quadrant of a CEM display that lists the inputs and outputs of the
Table FBD network generated by the selected part of the matrix.

variable location A sheet that lists the location of each variable in a matrix, which TriStation 1131
list includes automatically each time a CEM is printed. May be viewed with the Print
Preview command on the File menu.

View Manager A CEM dialog box that saves the current format of a matrix so that it may be
recalled later. May be helpful for very large matrixes that cannot be displayed on
the screen all at one time.
84 Glossary
Index

A selecting in matrix 35
Application Type 47, 48, 69, 81 selection of multiple 36, 40
attribute assignments 69 CEM
Attributes tab 47, 48, 69 definition 81
Automatic Naming dialog box 25 CEM Editor tab 65
CEM Features attribute 47, 48
definition 81
B
CEM methodology 6
boundaries
CEM program
between cells 37
definition 81
bulletin board
CEMPLE
of Triconex 12
basic functionality 7
BYP (Bypass) terminal 59
default options 24
bypass inputs 59
definition 81
installation 9
C list of features 7
cause toolbar 28
definition 81 training 8
Cause and Effect Matrix (CEM) CEM-specific error messages 77
definition 6 colors for monitoring 24, 46
Cause Header 68 Comments field 34
definition 33, 81 contacting Triconex
Cause Header attribute 69 bulletin board 12
Cause Header Functions 57, 58 Technical Support 12
definition 81 web site 13
Cause Header Functions option 71 conventions
Cause Row used in document 10
definition 33, 81
cause state 71, 81
D
Cause Variable 55
Declarations dialog box 47, 48
cells
default color 65
boundaries between 37
default Intersection Function 54
deleting from matrix 36
default options 24, 46
hiding and unhiding 38
deleting cells 36
manipulating display of 36
Description fields 34
86 Index

document conventions 10 H
hiding and unhiding cells 38
E
editing gestures 35 I
for FBD Network pane 42 In/Out Var Type 43
for Variable Detail Table 39 installing CEMPLE 9
effect instance view
definition 81 definition 82
Effect Column for monitoring 24
definition 33, 81 how to monitor 64
Effect Header 68 intermediate code
definition 33, 82 FBD and ST 29
Effect Header Functions 61, 62 intermediate FBD code 75
definition 82 definition 82
Effect Header Functions option 71 intermediate ST code 75
effect state 71 definition 82
definition 82 internal variable 43, 73
sharing 41 definition 41, 82
Effect Variable 55 Internet Web site 13
Element menu 54, 58, 62, 69 Intersection 68, 71
Element Options command 54, 58, 62 definition 33, 82
Element Options dialog box 65, 71, 72 Intersection Function 53, 54
Emulator Control Panel 64 default 54
Enable Cause Header Functions option 58 definition 82
Enable Effect Header Functions option 62, 72 intersection state 41, 71
Enable Intersection Functions option 54
error messages 77
L
ExCEM.pt2 sample project 45
labelled buttons
for selecting rows and columns 37
F logic sheets 31
FBD editor 47, 48 LVLALRM function 47, 57, 58, 59, 62
FBD Network pane
definition 42, 82
M
editing gestures for 42
main menu commands 26
limitations 43
matrix
FBD source 42
definition 82
function
how to edit 32
creating 47, 68
Mon (Monitor) column
function block
of Variable Detail Table 64
creating 48, 68
monitor colors 24, 46
Function column
default 65
of Cause Header 59
of Effect Header 63
Index 87

P Triconex
polarity bulletin board 12
of terminals 25 headquarters 11
pop-up menu 25 technical support 12
pre-defined function blocks 83 Web site 13
pre-defined functions 83 TriStation 1131 Options dialog box 65
printer setups 31
U
R unhiding cells 38
regional offices 11
right mouse button V
menu accessible from 25 VAR_IN_OUT variable type 43
used to select cell in matrix 36 Variable Detail Table 83
definition 39
S editing gestures for 39
Safety and Control attribute 47 limitations 40
sample project variable location list 83
on CD 45 printing 76
selection buttons variable names
for cells in matrix 35, 37 changing 40
sheet templates 31 defining 34
shortcut keys 26 variables
SHUTDOWN function block 48, 61, 62, 63 assigning to unconnected terminals 40
simple matrix changing names 40
creating 49 View Manager 30, 74, 83
sizing cells 38 View menu 74
software support 11
W
T Web site 13
tagnames 30 wires
technical support 11, 12 in FBD network 43
terminal polarity 25
terminals
unconnected 40
TON function block 53, 54
tools
for CEMPLE 28
traditional CEM methodology 6
88 Index

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