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1 Topic 2
Aim
Theory
2 Apparatus 3-5
Procedure
3 Observation data 6
5 Conclusion 7
Discussion
References
1
TOPIC: CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST ( CBR TEST)
AIMS:-
To determine the CBR value for a soil under consideration as a pavement foundation. This value
is a percentage comparison with the standard crushed rock from California. Thus this test is a
comparison test.
THEORY:-
California Bearing Ratio is obtained by measuring the relationship between force and penetration
when a cylindrical plunger is made to penetration the soil at a standard rate. The CBR value is
used to quantify the response of the pavement foundation and sub-grade to loading. The standard
crushes rock from California values are as follows:
It should be noted that this test was created by the California Division of Highways in the 1930’s
and such as is an empirical test and does not provide any data regarding properties of the soil
except as to compare its resistance to penetration to the base crushed rock’s resistance to
penetration.
It is important to relies that the CBR test is but one step in the road pavement foundation design
process; the test allow road Engineer to design the capping layer (if needed) and the sub-base
layer by determining the strength of the underlying soil. By knowing this the Engineer can
determine if this strength is adequate to handle the desired road design or if additional
procedures need to be done to increase this strength.
2
APPARATUS:
loading machine ( a loading press) prepared soil sample in CBR mould with collar
3
PROCEDURE:
1. Sieve the sample through BS 37.5 mm sieve and take about 6kg.
2. Determine the moisture content of the sample . ( Ask your lecturer incharge)*
3. Weight the mould with its base plate.
4. Place the filter paper in the mould. Compact soil in 5 layers. Each layer with 62 blows of
4.5kg rammer with free falling height of 450 mm.
4
7. Place loading plate (with center slot) of not less than 4.5 kg on the compacted sample to
give the desired surcharge.
8. Perform penetration test with loading machine.
9. Bring the penetration plunger in contact with sample surface and apply a load so that full
contact between sample and plunger is established. This should be taken as zero load.
10. Place the reminder surcharge weight so that total surcharge weight equals to 5kg
11. Set the reading dial gauge to zero.
13. Plot the penetration resistance (kPa) versus penetration (mm) graph.
14. Calculate the CBR value for 2.5mm and 5.0mm and state the CBR value.
5
RESULT:-
Sample details:
6
Conclusion and Discussion :-
Since the sample was compacted in the compacting machine only once and was tested in
the CBR machine there will be different layers of compaction within the test sample. The
samples appear to compress much more (have more penetration) on the first test and less after
the sample has been flipped over and retested on test 2. This would indicate that there are many
more voids in test 1 than test 2 since many of the voids were removed during test 1.
After test 1 (and before test 2) the soil will be at it’s highest compaction along the
horizontal plane at point A and the amount of compact will decrease until reaching it’s lowest
compaction along the horizontal plane at point B. In other words the compact will steadily
decrease from point A to point B. After test 2 was performed the sample will have high
compression along the horizontal planes at both points A & B and lowest compaction in the
center.9
Additionally, the downward force will include periodic increases and decreases in the
force as vehicles move over it. This will have duel effects on the sample as the upward force will
increase to deal with the increase in force in the downward direction. In real-life situations the
sample will be subjected to constant ‘squeezing and release’ time and time again at random
intervals as traffic moves over it.
REFERENCE:-
1. http://www.scribd.com/doc/22293861/California-bearing-ratio-Report
2. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/84748462/CALIFORNIA-BEARING-RATIO-_-CBR-_-
TEST
3. http://armyengineer.tpub.com/EN54537/EN545370124.htm
4. http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/naptf/att07/2002%20TRACK%20P.pdf/P-62.pdf
5. http://www.scribd.com/doc/23493754/California-Bearing-Ratio
6. http://www.efka.utm.my/thesis/IMAGES/3PSM/2010/GEO-
1/qotrunnadaaa060178d10ttt.pdf.pdf