INTRODUCTION

Cropland is crucial for supplying humans with biomass products, above all, food.
Globalization has led to soaring volumes of international trade, resulting in
strongly increasing distances between the locations where land use takes place
and where the products are consumed. Based on a dataset that allows tracing the
flows of almost 450 crop and livestock products and consistently allocating them
to cropland areas in over 200 nations, we analyze this rapidly growing spatial
disconnect between production and consumption for the period from 1986 to
2018. At the global level, land for export production grew rapidly (by about
100 Mha), while land supplying crops for direct domestic use remained virtually
unchanged

Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and

using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. Agronomy has come to
encompass work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology,
and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences
like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics.

Plant Breeding

This area of agronomy involves selective breeding of plants to produce the best
crops under various conditions. Plant breeding has increased crop yields and has
improved the nutritional value of numerous crops, including corn, soybeans,
and wheat. It has also led to the development of new types of plants. For example,
a hybrid grain called triticale was produced by crossbreeding rye and wheat.
Triticale contains more usable protein than does either rye or wheat. Agronomy
has also been instrumental in fruit and vegetable production research.

Biotechnology
Agronomists use biotechnology to extend and expedite the development of
desired characteristic. Biotechnology is often a lab activity requiring field testing
of the new crop varieties that are developed.

In addition to increasing crop yields agronomic biotechnology is increasingly

being applied for novel uses other than food. For example, oilseed is at present
used mainly for margarine and other food oils, but it can be modified to produce
fatty acids for detergents, substitute fuels and petrochemicals

Agronomic Crops
Agricultural commodities

Agricultural commodities are staple crops and animals produced or raised on

farms or plantations. Most agricultural commodities such as grains, livestock and
dairy provide a source of food for people and animals across the globe. However,
some agricultural commodities have purely industrial applications. The building
and furniture industries use lumber from trees, while manufacturers in several
sectors use latex from the rubber tree. Wool from sheep provides fabric for the
clothing industry and lanolin for skin- and hair-care products.

Some agricultural commodities serve as both a source of food and an industrial

ingredient. Both humans and animals consume corn, but the commodity is also
an important ingredient in fuel production. Similarly, humans eat the beef of
cows, while a variety of industries use beef hide, fats and bones to create
products. Virtually every living being on the planet depends on the agricultural
industry in one way or another. We eat the grains, fruits, vegetables and livestock
that farmers produce; build the frames of our houses from lumber; make clothes
from cotton and wool; and ride in cars with tires made from rubber. In addition,
over 1.3 billion people – nearly 20% of the global population – work in farming.
In some regions of the world, such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa,
farming employs more people than any other industry. The global impact of the
agricultural industry is enormous. According to the Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations, the economic value of the agriculture
industry, in constant 2010 dollars, is more than $3 trillion. With the world
population expected to climb from 7.5 billion to 11.8 billion by 2100, agricultural
commodities are likely to play an even bigger role in the decades ahead.

Agricultural commodities fall into one of six categories: Cereal Grains Oilseeds
Meat Dairy Other Soft Commodities Miscellaneous Agricultural Commodities
Cereal Grains Farmers grow these commodities as (a) a food source for humans,
(b) a food source for animals and (c) as a feedstock for fuels (in some cases).
The Commodity.com Guide to Agricultural Commodities Tweet Share Stumble
Contents [hide] Why Are Agricultural Commodities Important? What Are the
Different Agricultural Commodities? Cereal Grains Oilseeds Meat Dairy Other
Soft Commodities Miscellaneous Agricultural Commodities Commodity
Summary *Primary Uses Futures Exchange What are the Main Global
Agricultural Trends? Population Growth Agricultural Productivity Technology
and Big Data Demand for Meat in China Global Warming Top Agricultural
Producing Countries 5 Leading Agriculture Indices What Are The Top Agriculture
Investment Resources? United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food
and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Industry Trade Groups Agweb.com CME
Group Plus500 Why Are Agricultural Commodities Important? Agricultural
commodities are staple crops and animals produced or raised on farms or
plantations. Most agricultural commodities such as grains, livestock and dairy
provide a source of food for people and animals across the globe. However, some
agricultural commodities have purely industrial applications. The building and
furniture industries use lumber from trees, while manufacturers in several
sectors use latex from the rubber tree. Wool from sheep provides fabric for the
clothing industry and lanolin for skin- and hair-care products. Some agricultural
commodities serve as both a source of food and an industrial ingredient. Both
humans and animals consume corn, but the commodity is also an important
ingredient in fuel production. Similarly, humans eat the beef of cows, while a
variety of industries use beef hide, fats and bones to create products. Virtually
every living being on the planet depends on the agricultural industry in one way
or another. We eat the grains, fruits, vegetables and livestock that farmers
produce; build the frames of our houses from lumber; make clothes from cotton
and wool; and ride in cars with tires made from rubber. In addition, over 1.3
billion people – nearly 20% of the global population – work in farming. In some
regions of the world, such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, farming
employs more people than any other industry. The global impact of the
agricultural industry is enormous. According to the Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations, the economic value of the agriculture
industry, in constant 2010 dollars, is more than $3 trillion. With the world
population expected to climb from 7.5 billion to 11.8 billion by 2100, agricultural
commodities are likely to play an even bigger role in the decades ahead. What Are
the Different Agricultural Commodities? Agricultural commodities fall into one of
six categories: Cereal Grains Oilseeds Meat Dairy Other Soft Commodities
Miscellaneous Agricultural Commodities Cereal Grains Farmers grow these
commodities as (a) a food source for humans, (b) a food source for animals and
(c) as a feedstock for fuels (in some cases). Wheat Field via Pixabay The most
common grain commodities include the following: Wheat Corn Oats Barley
Rough Rice Grain commodities often serve similar purposes. For example, corn,
oats and barley all function as food sources for livestock. Depending on price,
farmers will choose one grain over the other. As a result, most grain commodities
have a strong price relationship with one another. Traders monitor the spread
between grain prices to determine the relative values of one grain versus another.
Agronomic trades

1. In traditional agronomic trades, the transactions are processed manually

whereas, in the case of modern agronomic trades, there is automatic
processing of transactions.

2. In traditional agronomic trades, the exchange of goods and services, for

money can take place, only during working hours. On the other hand, in
modern agronomic trades, the buying and selling of goods may occur
anytime.

3. In traditional agronomic trades, the interaction between buyers and sellers

is direct, i.e. face to face. As against this, there is indirect customer
interaction, in the case of modern agronomic trades, because it may be
possible that the customer is miles away from where they place an order for
the purchase of goods.

4. The scope of business in traditional agronomic trades is limited to a

particular area, i.e. the reach of business is limited to the nearby places
 where it operates. On the contrary, the business has worldwide reach in
case of modern agronomic trades, due to its ease of access.

Comparative analysis

Traditional Agronomic trades Modern Agronomic trades

Traditional Agronomic trades is a branch of Modern Agronomic trades now days

business which focuses on the exchange of carrying out commercial
products and services, and includes all transactions or exchange of
those activities which encourages information, electronically on the
exchange, in some way or the other. internet.

Accessibility Limited Time 24×7×365

Customer interaction Face-to-face Screen-to-face

Scope of business Limited to Worldwide reach

particular area.
Information exchange No uniform Provides a uniform
platform for platform for information
exchange of exchange.
information.

Business Relationship Linear End-to-end (No middle

man)

Marketing One way One-to-one marketing

marketing

Payment Cash, cheque, Credit card, fund transfer

credit card, etc. etc

List of Agronomic Crops

WHEAT EDIBLE SEED LEGUMES

SORGHUMS BEANS

Grain: Blackeye Beans or Cowpea California Red Bean

White Sorghum Cranberry Bean

Yellow Sorghum Garbanzo Bean

Large Lima Bean

Grass Sorghum: Large Seeded Horsebean

Sweet sudan grass Mung Bean

Piper sudan grass Pink Bean

Pinto Bean
 Red Kidney Bean

Small Lima Bean

Small White Bean

Corn

Dent Corn

Flour Corn OATS

Sweet Corn

White Rice Popcorn

Yellow Pearl Popcorn

RICE BARLEY
CROP DISEASES
Specify crop by the name in the crop ID Section.
Note: In identifying diseases, list as per following example:

a. Mildew-Barley
b. Rust-Oats
c. Yellow Dwarf-Wheat

Oats: Wheat: Corn: Alfalfa: Suqar Beets: Barley:

Rusts Bunt Smut Bacterial Wilt Root Knot Scald

Nematode

Smut Rust Fusarium Leaf Spot Mildew

Yellow Dwarf Yellow Dwarf Mildew Smut

Stripe

Yellow Dwarf

Agroecology
Agroecology is the management of agricultural systems with an emphasis on ecological and
environmental perspectives.[4]This area is closely associated with work in the areas of sustainable
agriculture, organic farming, and alternative food systemsand the development of alternative
cropping systems.
Bibliography

1. "I'm An Agronomist!". Imanagronomist.net. Retrieved 2013-05-02.

2. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review
3. Hoeft, Robert G. (2000). Modern Corn and Soybean Production. MCSP Publications.
pp. 107 to 171. ASIN B0006RLD8U.
4. "Iowa State University: Undergraduate Program - Agroecology". Archived from the
original on 7 October 2008.