Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GLOSSARY
Average budbreak: Average date of first bud emergence each year.
Ecosystem service: Widerange of benefits that ecosystems provide for both humans and the
natural world. There are four main services we focus on during the trip: cultural service, habitat
service, regulating services, provisional services.
Ecosystems: A system, or a group of interconnected elements, formed by the interaction of a
community of organisms with their environment.
Introspective: “Inwardlooking”; A learning style or ‘intelligence’ marked by selfexamination.
Kalapuya: A Native American ethnic group made up of eight independent groups speaking 3
mutually unintelligible dialects and who historically reside in Western Oregon.
Layers: Refer to vertical diversity in the forest, such as grasses and ferns, shrubs, understory
trees, and canopy trees. In old growth forests there are large canopy trees like old Douglasfirs,
understory trees that compete for light such as Western hemlocks, and shrub like plants on the
forest floor.
Life cycles: The series of stages in form and functional activity through which an organism
passes between successive recurrences of a specified primary stage.
Molalla: A Native American tribe of the Plateau Culture who historically lived near the Molalla
river and throughout Central Oregon.
Old growth forests: Are natural forests that have developed for at least 100 years, and include
characteristics such as towering tree size, accumulations of large, dead woody material, and
vertical diversity.
Old trees: Trees in old growth forests that are 100 years or older. Examples include
Douglasfirs, Western hemlocks, and western red cedars. These trees provide habitat for a variety
of animals species.
OWLS: An acronym to remember 4 key characteristics of old growth forests that stands for old
trees, woody debris, layers, and snags.
Phenology: The study of cyclical and seasonal natural phenomena.
58
Phenophase: An observable stage or phase in the annual life cycle of a plant that can be defined
by a start and end point.
Snags: Standing dead trees that provide significant habitat in old growth forests (i.e. Northern
spotted owls build nests in snags).
Traditional Ecological Knowledge: The evolving body of knowledge acquired by indigenous
people through millenia spent in direct contact with certain environments.
Woody debris: Fallen dead trees and tree branches in forests. These structures become habitat
for forest organisms. An example is a fallen log called a nurse log which is home to mosses,
lichens and other organisms.
Kalapuya First Nations People:
❖ Occupied most of the interior valleys of Western Oregon including the Willamette Valley
anywhere from (610,000+/)>Present day
❖ Settlement Patterns: Can be broken down largely into Summer (MarchOctober) and
Winter (NovemberFebruary) seasonal rounds.
❖ Environment(s): Prairie Oak Savannah, Oak and fir groves, forests, marshes, and lakes
provided an abundance of food.
❖ Seasonal Round: People built and occupied villages and camps to fit the needs of the
season sand occupied them in accordance to the seasonal round
❖ Summer Seasonal Round:
➢ Winter villages splintered to increase mobility
➢ Settlement Patterns:
■ Set up temporary open camps under Oak or pine trees, often not setting up
shelters (would construct windbreaks out of brush, boughs, or grass if
necessary)
■ Usually on valley floors or foothills
➢ Subsistence:
■ Harvested nuts, seeds, and berries
● *Camus* first harvested MarchApril when most tender, second
harvest in June in massive quantities for winter stores
■ Harvested game, fish, waterfowl
■ Fall fire setting to maintain open savannah areas of the valley floor
● Provided roasted grasshoppers
● Cleared out undergrowth from trees to ease access to acord and
berries.
59
❖ Winter Seasonal Round:
➢ Winter villages provided the basic social networking system
➢ Settlement Patterns:
■ Permanent rectangular often multifamily semisubterranean lodges with
bark roofs and central fireplaces that could extend up to 60ft on a side!
■ Related families usually clustered a series of small villages or bands in
river basin whose territory was shared
■ Families helped each other form marriage outside the village increasing
social ties
➢ Subsistence:
■ Strong social networks were formed during foraging trips, trading, and
social visits between winter villages.
Kalapuya Calendar:
❖ September ( First Month) : After the harvest small groups were still living in
summer camps scattered across the valley, collecting acorns, berries and camas
roots. Prairie burning begins for tarweed seed harvesting.
❖ October ( Hair [Leaves] Falls Off ): Wapato harvest time begins in the northern
Willamette Valley, the northern Kalapuya groups move to camps in close
proximity to lakes where the wapato grows. Groups in the southern Valley
complete harvesting.
❖ November ( Approaching Winter): The Kalapuya prepare their winter houses for
the coming cold weather.
❖ December ( Good Month): The weather becomes cooler but is till mild. The
Kalapuya settle into their villages for the winter.
❖ January (B urned Breast): The winter becomes cold and the elders sit so close to
the fires that their chests get burnt. Much time is spent indoors tending fires.
Winter dances begin.
❖ February ( Out of Provisions): The end of winter has the Kalapuya short on
stored provisions and is a hungry time. Hunters spend more time in the wood
trying to find game.
❖ March ( First Spring): People begin to leave the winter village, making short
camping trips to gather food, including the first shoots of camas, which are only
about finger high.
❖ April ( Budding Time) : The Kalapuya make more frequent trips into the valley
floor as camas grows higher.
❖ May ( Flower Time): The camas begins to blossom and the Kalapuya leave their
winter houses to camp out for the summer. The spring runs of salmon head up the
Willamette River and its tributaries.
60
❖ June ( Camas Harvesting) : The camas becomes fully ripe. The women begin to
gather and dry the bulbs for following winter, continued until September or
October. Large emphasis on fish and the beginnings of berry picking.
❖ July ( HalfSummerTime) : Weather is hot and dry. The Kalapuya begin to collect
hazelnuts and caterpillars.
❖ August: (E nd of Summer) : The weather remains hot as the people continue to
gather a variety of berries, nuts and roots in preparation for winter.
61
Questing Clues
Exploring New Heights
On the map, you will see
From the start, go north and east,
A tree and climber, harness tight,
Safety first, we’ll all take flight
Climb up the tree and look around,
Record the temperatures back on the ground.
When you see platforms and benches bare
You’ve arrived, you’ll know you’re there!
Nature’s Calendar
Head slightly south and mostly east,
A single Doug fir grows large with peace
As you go along the trail,
Discovery awaits without fail
Where a creek bed crosses, dry as bone
This is where you’ll talk of home
The buds they burst, and life it cycles,
The Pacific Northwest grows and does not idle.
Forest Stories
On the map, you’ll see a crossing
A bridge of wood that’s prone to mossing
It crosses logs, and trail heads north
It’s not Discovery , but venture forth!
Your station awaits with river views
You’ll recognize it because of the yews
Here we’ll tell our stories bold, and through our chatter
Remember that our connections are what truly matter.
Cool, Calm, Conifers
On the map, you will see
Furthest east, a circle of trees.
When you arrive, a river rushing
Be careful of plants! They don’t like crushing.
Blue waters cold, from here we hike
Silently, experience the forest dreamlike
Learn about our ecosystem,
Benefits thereof, we’ll have you list ‘em
62
63
Canopy Connections Teacher/Chaperone Evaluation
Thank you for your participation in the 2018 Canopy Connections program! Your feedback is
very important to us. Please take just a few minutes to share your comments about your
experience to help us grow!
Thanks! The Canopy Connections Team
School:________________
Teacher Name:___________________
Facilitator Name:_______________
Scale ranges from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent). Circle one and add any additional comments you
may have.
1) Did you feel as though the pretrip lesson properly prepared yourself and your students for
the field trip? Scale ranges from 1 (not prepared at all) to 10 (extremely prepared). Circle one
and add any additional comments you may have.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Comments: _________________________________________________________________
2) Rate the quality of the facilitator’s instruction.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Comments:________________________________________________________________
3) Rate the quality of the lesson plans.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Comments:________________________________________________________________
4) The overall experience your students had with Canopy Connections was…
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Comments:______________________________________________________________
64
5) Rate the quality of the inclass presentation or pretrip materials.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Comments:_____________________________________________________________
In what area did the Canopy Connections team perform particularly well?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
In what area does the Canopy Connections team need to improve?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Would you be interested in participating in the program again next year? Circle one. Yes No
Comments:____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Any additional comments that might be helpful as we try to perfect this program?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
65
Canopy Connections Student Evaluation
Thank you for your participation in the 2018 Canopy Connections program! Your feedback is
very important to us. Please take just a few minutes to share your comments about your
experience to help us grow!
Thanks! The Canopy Connections Team
School:________________
Group Leader Name:______________
1) List the four characteristics of an old growth forest (hint: use the animal acronym!)
2) What is traditional ecological knowledge?
3) What are three key species found within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Research Forest?
In what area did the Canopy Connections team perform particularly well?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
In what area does the Canopy Connections team need to improve?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Any additional comments that might be helpful as we try to perfect this program?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
66
Canopy Connections Community Partner Evaluation Form
Thank you for your participation in the 2018 Canopy Connections program! We could not have
done this without your support and collaboration. Please take a few minutes to share your
comments about your experience to help us grow. Your feedback is very important to us.
Thanks! The Canopy Connections Team
Scale ranges from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent). Please add any additional comments you may have.
1) Rate the quality of Canopy Connections 2018’s communication with your organization
Rating (110) ______
Comments:
2) Rate the overall quality of the facilitators’ instruction you witnessed
Rating (110) ______
Comments:
3) Rate the quality of the lesson plans that you observed
Rating (110) ____
Comments:
4) Rate your overall experience with Canopy Connections 2018
Rating (110) ____
Comments:
5) Rate the level of professionalism you observed from Canopy Connections 2018
67
Rating (110) ____
Comments:
In what area did the Canopy Connections team perform particularly well?
In what area does the Canopy Connections team need to improve?
Any additional comments that might be helpful as we try to perfect this program?
68