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2 MULTIPLE REACTANT
𝐴 + 𝐵 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝑛𝐵
IDEAL SOLUTION Molarity, M 𝑐𝐵 =
𝑉
𝑛𝐵
Molality 𝑏𝐵 =
Obeys Raoult’s Law 𝑚𝐴
𝑛𝐵
𝑝𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴 𝑝𝐴∗ Mole fraction 𝑥𝐵 =
Solvent, A
𝑛 Solute, B
𝑝𝑇 = 𝑥𝐴 𝑝𝐴∗ ∗ +𝑥𝐵 𝑝𝐵∗ Gibbs free
energy ∆𝑟 𝐺 = −𝑣𝑒𝑁𝐴 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
𝜇𝐴 = 𝜇𝐴∗ + 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛𝑥𝐴
Nernst ∅ 𝑅𝑇
𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑛𝑄
equation 𝑣𝐹
Cells at 𝑣𝐹𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
equilibrium ln 𝐾 =
𝑅𝑇
∅
Standard
𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐸𝑅∅ − 𝐸𝐿∅ Standard reduction
Standard reduction potential potential for the
potentials for the reduction half oxidation half
reaction occuring at
reaction occurring at the the anode
cathode
COLLIGATIVE
NON-IDEAL PROPERTIES ∅
𝜕𝐸 ∅
Entropy ∆𝑟 𝑆 = 𝑣𝐹
SOLUTION 𝜕𝑇
Freezing point 𝑅𝑇 ∗2
∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑥𝐵
𝑝𝐵 = 𝑥𝐵 𝐾𝐻′ depression ∆𝑣𝑎𝑝 𝐻 Enthalpy ∆𝑟 𝐻 = ∆𝑟 𝐺 − 𝑇∆𝑟 𝑆
= 𝐾𝑏 . 𝑏
𝑝𝑇 = 𝑥𝐴 𝑝𝐴∗ ∗ +𝑥𝐵 𝐾𝐻′
𝑅𝑇 ∗2
Boiling point ∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑥𝐵
𝜇𝐵 = 𝜇𝐵∗ + 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛𝑎𝐵 ∆𝑓𝑢𝑠 𝐻
elevation
𝑝𝐵 = 𝐾𝑓 . 𝑏
𝑎𝐵 =
𝑝𝐵∗ 𝜋𝑉 = 𝑛𝐵 𝑅𝑇
Van’t Hoff
𝜋 = 𝐵 𝑅𝑇
𝑎𝐵 = 𝛾𝐵 𝑥𝐵 equation
Masniroszaime/2017