Celso Antonio Barbosa e Alexandre Sokolowski
Metallurgy and materials
INOX 2010
Celso Antonio Barbosa
Engenheiro Metalurgista , Membro da ABM,
Diretor de Tecnologia e P&D ,
Villares Metals S. A., Sumaré - SP, Brasil.
celso.barbosa@villaresmetals.com.br.
Alexandre Sokolowski
Engenheiro químico, Mestre em Metalurgia,
Pesquisador Sênior,
Villares Metals S.A. Sumaré, SP, Brasil.
alexandre.sokolowski@villaresmetals.com.br.
Development of UNS S 32760
super-duplex stainless steel
produced in large diameter
rolled bars
Desenvolvimento do aço inoxidável
super-duplex UNS S 32760 produzido
em barras laminadas de grande diâmetro
Abstract
Nowadays super-duplex stainless is an important material for the Oil and Gas
industries, especially for off-shore production. In deep water exploitation the reliability
of production system is very important. Corrosion resistance for pitting of the high
alloyed duplex stainless steels with high Mo and N content has to be achieved even in
large diameters bars. Therefore, the present work deals with an improved super-duplex
stainless steel for the production of large diameter rolled 6bars up to 152.40 mm (6
inches). Among the main improvements, the corrosion resistance evaluated both by
the chemical method according to the ASTM G-48 method, as well as electrochemical
methods, was achieved. During the production of such large dimensions, the precipita-
tion of inter-metallics and nitrides after cooling from high temperatures was studied by
changing the chemical composition using Thermo-Calc and evaluating the new proposed
chemical compositions. Several alloy compositions were laboratory scale cast, and the
austenite/ferrite balance as well as PREN pitting resistance equivalent number content
was correlated to the microstructure and the corrosion properties obtained. It was thus
possible to determine the ideal chemical composition and define the new processing
parameters to produce the UNS S32760 grade (4501) according to the Norsok standard.
The new material properties produced in a production full scale heat are also presented.
Keywords: Corrosion, super-duplex stainless steel, pitting.
Resumo
Os aços inoxidáveis superduplex, atualmente, são materiais importantes para a
indústria de óleo e gás, especialmente para produção off-shore. Em águas profundas,
a confiabilidade do sistema de produção é muito importante. A resistência à corrosão
dos aços inoxidáveis duplex de alta liga com alto teor de Mo e N, especialmente em
relação à corrosão por pite, tem de ser alcançada, até mesmo em barras com grandes
diâmetros. Portanto o presente trabalho trata de um aço inoxidável superduplex com
propriedades melhoradas para a produção de barras laminadas de grande diâmetro,
ou seja, de até 152,40 milímetros (seis polegadas). Entre as principais melhorias, a
resistência à corrosão, avaliada, tanto pelo método químico, de acordo com ASTM
G-48, bem como pelos métodos eletroquímicos, foi alcançada. Durante a produção
REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013 201
Development of UNS S32760 super-duplex stainless steel produced in large diameter rolled bars

de tais grandes dimensões, a precipitação de intermetálicos e nitretos, após o resfria-

mento das altas temperaturas, foi estudada através da alteração da composição quí-
mica, usando o software Thermo-Calc e avaliando as novas composições químicas
propostas. Várias composições de ligas foram fundidas, em escala de laboratório, e o
equilíbrio austenita / ferrita, bem como o PREN, número equivalente de resistência
ao pite, foram correlacionados com a microestrutura e as propriedades de corrosão
obtidas. Foi possível determinar a composição química ideal e definir os novos parâ-
metros de processamento para produzir o UNS S 32760 grau (4501), de acordo com a
norma NORSOK. As propriedades dos novos materiais produzidos, em uma escala
de produção industrial, também são apresentadas.

Palavras-chave: Corrosão, aço inoxidável superduplex, corrosão por pites.

1. Introduction

The excellent combination of me-
chanical strength and corrosion resistance
in various types of environments and the
good performance in applications found
in Oil and Gas fields makes duplex stain-
less steels (DSS) an excellent choice by
equipment designers IMOA (2009). The
development of more corrosion resistant
grades has led to the so called Super-duplex
stainless steels (SDSS), where the chemi-
cal composition is modified by increasing
specially the molybdenum and nitrogen
content, leading to a higher pitting cor-
rosion resistance, evaluated by the pitting
resistance equivalent number – PREN,
from a typical value of 35, found in nor-
mal duplex grades, to more than 40. This
new class of DSS can fight the more chal-
lenging corrosion problems found in the
nowadays deep water oil and gas reserves
where, besides temperature increases,
higher H2S and CO2 pressures are met
(Løvland, 2003). Also, besides the super-
martensitic 13Cr, the SDSS shows the
best combination of corrosion resistance
and yield strength ultrapasses 600 MPa
(Barbosa, 2008). From the metallurgical
point of view and also processing char-
acteristics, the SDSS production in large
diameters bars is a challenge because their
attractive properties may be destroyed by
the formation of precipitates due to the
more difficult thermal transfer conditions
found in bars with diameters higher than
100 mm. The most common precipitates
are chromium nitrides Cr2N and inter-
metallic precipitates (IP) such as sigma/chi/
phase/R phases that can be formed in the
temperature range from 600 to 1000°C,
depending on the thermal cooling as well
as deformation conditions imposed during
the fabrication of large diameter bars. The
main technological properties that are ad-
versely affected are the pitting corrosion re-
sistance and the toughness. It is interesting
to note that in the present study, although
the pitting corrosion resistance was dam-
aged by the presence of chromium nitrides,
the minimum impact toughness was not
affected when a very small percentage of IP
is present in the microstructure, confirm-
ing previous work showing that to have a
serious decrease in toughness several per-
cent of IP is necessary (Nilsson & Kangas,
2007). Also important is the control of
the ferrite/austenite balance (usually near
50% each) that can be established by a
proper compositional balance between
ferrite and austenite former elements.
The knowledge of the thermodynamic
and kinetics of such complex stainless
steels is a pre-condition to understand
and control the formation of such undesir-
able precipitates. Many of these aspects
are very well studied and documented in
literature (DUPLEX, 2007).
In order to investigate the reasons
why corrosion resistance is sometimes
affected in the production of SDSS in
large diameter bars over 80 mm, we
conducted an extensive study in the grade
UNS S 32760 ASTM A-276 (4501), see
Table 1. The main task was to fulfill the
additional requirements found in the
Norsok standard MDS D57 Revision 3,
especially regarding pitting corrosion. The
production bars were produced by rolling
conventional cast ingots from EAF+VOD
process. After controlled rolling, the
bars were water solution annealed from
1120ºC.

2. Experimental Procedure

Pilot scale heats were produced in
order to verify the compositional effects
on the microstructures and corrosion as
well as to study the effect of the chemi-
cal composition balance. The pilot scale
heats were produced by casting 50 kg
ingots from a vacuum induction furnace,
with 140 mm medium cross section size.
All heats were cast using the same raw
material and were forged together using
the same heating condition. The chemi-
cal compositions were established using
as a base the typical composition found
in heats from regular production in order
to run the thermodynamic phase simula-
tion using the software Thermo-Calc.
202 REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013
The ingots were further forged down to
70 mm square bars with a 4:1 reduction
ratio. The chemical composition of the
produced ingots is given also in Table 1.
The conventional base composition was
reproduced in the pilot scale heat and it
is indicated as well as the modified ones.
In the rebalanced composition the PREN
number was increased via chromium and
molybdenum to more than 41. The content
of ferrite in the conventional steel, around
57%, was reduced to around 42% in the
rebalanced composition in the solution
annealing temperature of 1120ºC as cal-
culated by the Thermo-Calc. The higher
amount of austenite promotes a higher
ductility and toughness (Esteban, 2008).
The specimens were cut from the
middle section of the 70 mm square bar
and exposed to pilot heats to control the
microstructure and corrosion testing. In
the production heats the samples were
taken at different positions of the 152.40
mm diameter rolled bars. The production
heats were produced by EAF+VOD and
1.7 t ingot cast. The materials were water
solution annealed from 1120ºC. The
specimens for corrosion testing according
ASTM G-48 method A (AMERICAN
SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MA-
TERIALS, 2007) and Norsok standard
were taken from the mid radius in the
 Celso Antonio Barbosa e Alexandre Sokolowski

longitudinal direction and had the surface
polished to # 120 grit. The temperature of
testing was continuously monitored and
recorded, as can be seen in Figure 1. Also
the CPT-Critical Pitting Temperature was
determined using the potentiodynamic
method. The determination of the critical
pitting temperature (CPT) was conducted
according to ASTM G 150-99 (AMERI-
CAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND
MATERIALS, 2009) (using the same
solution recommended in ASTM G-48-
03, method E). All determinations were
made in duplicate. The corrosion samples
were submitted to optical microscopy
and SEM. To identify the austenite and
ferrite phases, NaOH electrolytic etchant
(20g NaOH and 80 ml distilled H 2O)
was applied. Light optical microscopy
(LOM) was performed in a Zeiss inverted
microscope in the transversal specimen
direction. A 95% confidence interval of
the volume fractions of ferrite, austenite
and inter-metallic phase was estimated
using manual point counting according
to the standardized ISO 9042 procedure.

Pilot Scale Heats

Conventional Production Heat
Steel UNS S 32760 Heat Conventional Rebalanced Rebalanced
H -7263 (Average) H-607 H-7441
H-604
C Max 0.03 0.019 0.02 0.017 0.024
Si Max 1.0 0.38 0.42 0.4 0.35
Mn Max 1.0 0.7 0.69 0.6 0.6
Cr 24 - 26 24.9 24.8 25.3 25.3
Ni 6-8 6.38 6.54 6.85 6.84
Mo 3-4 3.37 3.37 3.68 3.55
Table 1 N 0.2 - 0.3 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.25
Chemical composition of super-duplex P Max 0.03 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.017
stainless steel UNS 32760-ASTM A276 S Max 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.003 < 0.001
standard (4501)), the pilot scale heats Cu 0.5 – 1.0 0.63 0.64 0.6 0.54
and the rebalanced new production heat W 0.5- 1.0 0.65 0.65 0.7 0.63
produced (% in mass). PREN ≥ 40.0 40.3 40.4 41.6 41.02

Figure 1
Apparatus for determination of pitting
resistance according ASTM G-48 method
A, showing the temperature recorder of
the control thermocouples.

3. Results and Discussion

The simulations using Thermo-
Calc are shown in Figure 2 and 3 for the
compositions of the conventional and
the rebalanced steels. Two points should
be observed: the higher amount of aus-
tenite in the rebalanced steel, see dotted
lines in the figures corresponding to the
usual solution annealing temperature of
1120ºC for this grade, and the chromium
nitride precipitation is depressed to lower
temperatures (~1040ºC) relative to the
conventional steel(~1190ºC). Hot process-
ing of super-duplex steels like rolling and
forging of large diameters bars should ide-
ally led to conditions of finishing process
temperatures over the chromium nitride
temperature precipitation, as shown by
simulation.
Table 2 presents the amount of
ferrite predicted by Thermo-Calc and
the amount found in the samples of the
production conventional and rebalanced
steels compositions, showing a good fit.
The conventional steel showed a
high corrosion mass loss in the G-48 im-
mersion test as can be seen in Table 3 for
REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013
three different diameter bars and heats
and with heavy presence of pitting on the
specimen surface, Figure 4.
The optical microstructure and
SEM of the corroded surfaces indicated
that the pitting initiation occurred in the
ferrite grain boundaries, Figures 5, 6 and
7. Figure 5 is the SEM examination of the
G-48 corrosion specimen surface just after
testing showing that the pitting initiation
is concentrated in the ferrite grains.
At larger magnification, as showed
in Figure 6, it was possible to observe
203
Development of UNS S32760 super-duplex stainless steel produced in large diameter rolled bars

1.0 6
1:T-273.15,NPM(FCC_A1#1)
0.9 2:T-273.15,NPM(HCP_A3#2)
3:T-273.15,NPM(M23C6)
0.8 55 4:T-273.15,NPM(SIGMA)
1 5:T-273.15,NPM(BCC_A2)
0.7 1
6:T-273.15,NPM(LIQUID)
0.6 1
NPM(*)

5
0.5 5 1
Figure 2
0.4 Cr2N Equilibrium microstructure constituents
0.3 44 1 predicted by the Thermo-Calc software
Average: for the conventional production steel
0.2 - 50 to 54% F balance
6 average composition (molar %).
0.1 1 5 - PREN slightly > 40 Dotted line indicates the solution
22 24 2 - Some Cr2N
0 3 6 annealing temperature of 1120ºC.
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Note a predominant ferrite
TEMPERATURE_CELSIUS microstructure is predicted.

1.0 6
1:T-273.15,NPM(FCC_A1#1)
0.9 2:T-273.15,NPM(HCP_A3#2)
3:T-273.15,NPM(M23C6)
0.8 5 4:T-273.15,NPM(SIGMA)
1 5:T-273.15,NPM(BCC_A2)
0.7 1 1 6:T-273.15,NPM(LIQUID)
1 5
0.6
NPM(*)

0.5 1
0.4 55 Figure 3
Cr2N
Equilibrium microstructure constituents
0.3 4
predicted by the Thermo-Calc software
0.2 Aim: for the rebalanced composition (molar %).
6 - New F/A balance Notice in line 2 the predicted temperature
0.1 (42%F)
1 5 of Cr2N is depressed to lower temperature.
2 2 24 - Higher PREN > 41
0 3 2 6 Dotted line indicates the solution
- Nearly zero Cr2 N
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 annealing temperature of 1120ºC.
TEMPERATURE_CELSIUS

Ferrite (%)
Steel
Predicted Real
Table 2
Conventional 52 57.5 Predicted and real volume fraction of
ferrite for conventional and rebalanced
Rebalanced 42 41.3
steels, at 1120ºC.

Sample Mass Loss (g/m2)

Table 3
612 (∅ 127.0 mm) 10.7 / 15.6
Mass losses in three samples of the
651 (∅ 95.25 mm) 50.9 / 64.8 conventional steel after 24 h at 50ºC
showing values above the maximum
606 (∅ 82.55 mm) 28.1 / 67.3
allowed by Norsok standard of 4.0 g/m2.

Figure 4
Conventional steel corrosion surface
of the G 48 specimen 606 after
24 h at 50ºC showing the pits.
204 REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013
 Celso Antonio Barbosa e Alexandre Sokolowski

Figure 5
Compositional SEM image of the
corrosion specimen surface without
etching showing the pitting initiation is
concentrated in the ferrite. Longitudinal
direction. Magnification 500X.

Figure 6
Compositional SEM image of the
corrosion specimen surface without
etching showing the pitting initiation in
the ferrite grain boundaries.
Longitudinal direction.
Magnification 3,300 X.

that most of the ferrite grain boundaries
had pitting initiation. In order to identify
the presence of phases in the ferrite grain
boundaries, the same corrosion sample
was polished and etched to be observed
in the SEM. Figure 7 shows the presence
of grain boundary precipitates detected
by the compositional image (indicated
by darker points of lighter chemical ele-
ments comparative to the matrix). The
EDS profiles of such precipitates indicate
the presence of higher intensities values of
Cr and N, indicative of chromium nitride
precipitation, Figure 8.
The Figure 9(A) shows a typical
microstructure of one of the production
conventional heats showing the intensive
ferrite grain boundary precipitation of
Cr2N and the predominance of ferrite
phase with some secondary austenite.
The microstructure of the pilot scale
heat with its composition adjusted to
reproduce the average chemical composi-
tion of the conventional production heats
is shown in Figure 9(B). The same inter-
granular precipitation can be seen inside
the ferrite grains.
Figure 9(C) is the microstructure
of the rebalanced composition pilot scale
heat. It is clear the absence of precipita-
tion inside the ferrite grains as observed
in the LOM.
The corrosion behavior of the pilot
scale heats were checked using also the
G-48 immersion test. Table 4 shows the
results obtained in the conventional heat
H-604 with a reproduction of the con-
ventional chemical composition and the
results of the rebalanced steel, pilot scale
heat H-607. The improvement in corro-
sion values of the rebalanced steel is quite
well evident in relation to the conventional
steel and is far below the maximum al-
lowed by Norsok standard of 4.0 g/m2.
The production rebalanced steel
showed an impressive improvement in
mass loss in the G-48 immersion test as
can be seen in Table 5 for a 152.40 mm
diameter bar tested in three different bar
positions with no occurrence of pitting on
the corrosion specimen surface, Figure 10.
The microstructure obtained in the
production rebalanced steel is presented
in Figure 11. It is evident the improve-
ment when comparing the ferrite grains
free of precipitation and higher amount
of austenite.

Figure 7
Compositional image of SEM image
showing ferrite grain boundaries
precipitates with size less than 1.0 micron
in a polished sample of conventional steel.
Longitudinal direction.
Magnification 3,000 X.

Figure 8
Ferrite grain boundary precipitation
analyzed by EDS showing the presence of
N and Cr in the precipitate. Longitudinal
direction. Magnification 3,000 X.
REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013 205
Development of UNS S32760 super-duplex stainless steel produced in large diameter rolled bars

A B

Figure 9
Microstructure of the bars. (A) 127.0 mm diameter bar of
conventional production heat (H-7263/Sample 651) that failed in
passing in the corrosion testing ASTM G-48 showing the presence
of precipitates in the ferrite grain boundaries and the presence
C of some secondary austenite, (B) conventional steel pilot scale
heat H-604 showing the presence of precipitates in the ferrite
grain boundaries and the presence of secondary austenite, (C)
rebalanced composition steel pilot scale heat H-607 showing
only the presence of ferrite with grain boundaries without nitrides
precipitates, austenite and small presence of secondary austenite.
All microstructure in the transversal direction. Electrolytic NaOH
etching. Magnification 500 X.

Pilot Heat Mass Loss (g/m2)

Table 4
604 - Conventional 6.35
G-48 ass losses in the conventional
607 - Rebalanced 0.13 and rebalanced steels pilot scale
heats after 24 h at 50ºC.

Mass Loss (g/m2)

Sample Position
Individual Values Average Table 5
G-48 mass losses of 152.40 mm bar
Center of Bar End 0.06
determined in three pozsitions of the
Mid Radius of Bar Middle 0.09 0.09 ± 0.03 rebalanced steel after 24 h at 50ºC
showing values far below the maximum
Center of Bar Middle 0.12
allowed by Norsok standard of 4.0 g/m2.

Figure 10
G-48 corrosion specimen of the rebalan-
ced steel after 24 h at 50ºC showing no
pits on the testing surface.

Figure 11
Microstructure of 152.40 mm diameter
bar of rebalanced production heat (H-
7441/Sample 430) that passed in the
corrosion testing ASTM G-48 showing no
presence of precipitates in the ferrite grain
boundaries. Center of the bar middle.
Longitudinal direction. Electrolytic NaOH
etching. Magnification 500 X.

Table 6 shows the critical pitting higher pitting corrosion resistance when not be only explained by the slight increase
temperature-CPT of the production compared to the conventional steel. A CPT in PREN values. Based on the metal-
conventional and rebalanced steel. It is increase of more than 20 ºC was observed. lographic evidences on pitting initiation
observed that rebalanced steel shows a The difference of CPT temperature could at the ferrite grain boundaries with Cr2N
206 REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013
 Celso Antonio Barbosa e Alexandre Sokolowski

precipitation in the conventional steel,
we evaluated the amount of precipitates
in both steels. Table 7 shows the Cr2N
percentages found. The rebalanced steel
showed no evidence of Cr2N precipitation
in ferrite grain boundaries both in LOM
as well as in SEM.
The relationship between Cr2N pre-
cipitation in the ferrite grain boundaries
and CPT can be seen in Figure 12. The
reduction of CPT temperature near to
50ºC explains why the G-48 test devel-
oped a high pitting level in the corrosion
specimens, as showed in Figure 4 and an
inacceptable mass loss, Table 3.
The PREN can be calculated us-
ing the Thermo-Calc simulation that
gives us the chemical compositions of
the equilibrium phases present in the
steel at each temperature. The chemical
composition of austenite and ferrite were
calculated in three different temperatures
including the recommended solution
annealing temperature for this steel
grade of 1120ºC. Figure 13 shows the
calculation results for the temperatures
of 1050, 1120 and 1200ºC. The first
observation is that the austenite PREN
is lower than ferrite PREN and tends
to reach the ferrite number only at high
temperatures, near 1200ºC. Second, the
rebalanced steel shows a PREN number
both in austenite as in ferrite higher than
the conventional steel.
As Thermo-Calc gives also the
phase molar fraction, we have also
estimated the PREN total of each steel
composition, considering only the aus-
tenite and ferrite phases. The calculated
total PREN value is higher than 40 at
1120ºC for the rebalanced steel, Figure
14, showing that the compositional
changes introduced led to a good com-
bination of stronger corrosion resistant
austenite and ferrite in a proper balance,
increasing the corrosion resistance of the
rebalanced steel.
In the Table 8 we can observe the
improvement in toughness as evaluated by
the absorbed impact energy. It is interest-
ing to notice that the minimum required
value was obtained even in the convention-
al steel that failed in corrosion, showing
that the improper austenite/ferrite balance
and chromium nitride precipitation did
not deteriorate the toughness to a level
under the specified values.

CPT – Critical Pitting Temperature (ºC)

Steel
Individual Values Average
Table 6
Critical pitting temperatures values Conventional 53 55 60 56
determined using potentiostatic method
Rebalanced 73 85 - 76
of the conventional and rebalanced steels.

Steel Cr2N GBP (%)

Table 7
Amount of Cr2N precipitated at ferrite Conventional 0.84 ± 0.14
grain boundaries in the conventional and Rebalanced 0.01
rebalanced steels.
85

75
CPT (°C)

65

55
Figure 12
Effect of the amount of Cr2N inter-
granular precipitation on the Critical 45
Pitting Temperature-CPT determined by 0,00 0,01 0,10 1,00 10,00

potentiostatic method (average values). IP (%)

44
43
42
41
40
PREN

39
38
37
Rebalanced Austenite
36
Rebalanced Ferrite
35
Conventional Austenite
Figure 13 34
Conventional Ferrite
Ferrite and Austenite PREN number 33
for the Conventional and Rebalanced 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
steel calculated by Thermo-Calc. Temperature (°C)
REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013 207
Development of UNS S32760 super-duplex stainless steel produced in large diameter rolled bars

41

40

39
PREN

38

37
Rebalanced
Conventional
Figure 14
36 Total PREN number for the
1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 Conventional and Rebalanced
Temperature (°C) steels calculated by Thermo-Calc.

Sample Conventional (J) Rebalanced (J) Table 8

Longitudinal impact absorbed energy
Mid Radius (∅ 152.40 mm) 101.4 215.3 ± 35.7 (Charpy V) of conventional and balanced
steels at -46ºC (minimum required is 45 J).

4. Conclusions
The present study on large diameter
bars produced in super-duplex stainless
steel UNS S 32760 has shown that the pit-
ting corrosion resistance can be improved
using alloy design tools like phase numeri-
cal simulation software Thermo-Calc as a
base to rebalance the alloy. It was demon-
strated that the presence of inter-granular
Cr2N in ferrite acts as a pitting initiation
reducing the critical pitting temperature
– CPT of the alloy even though the me-
chanical properties and toughness are still
above the acceptance criteria. Besides the
alloy composition balance, the processing
parameters as finishing rolling/forging
temperatures and solution annealing
temperature are determinants to reach the
desired mechanical and corrosion proper-
ties as required by the Norsok standard
MDS D57 Revision 3 in large diameter
rolled bars up to 152.40 mm.

5. References

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. G 48-03: Standard

test methods for pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of stainless steels and
related alloys by use of ferric chloride solution. Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
Philadephia: ASTM, 2009.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. G 150-99: Standard
test method for electrochemical critical pitting temperature testing of stainless
steels. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Philadephia: ASTM, 2009.
BARBOSA, C. A. A contribuição das LRCs no revestimento de poços. Corrosão e
Proteção, p.11-13, Novembro/Dezembro, 2008.
DUPLEX 2007. CD-ROM Proceeding. Italy: Associazione Italiana di Metalurgia,
June, 2007.
ESTEBAN, M.P. et al. Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of two duplex stainless
steels with different phase balance. European Stainless Steel Conference, p.547-
553, 2008.
INTERNATIONAL MOLYBDENUM ASSOCIATION (IMOA). Practical
guidelines for fabrication of duplex stainless steel. London: IMOA, 2009. 64p.
LØVLAND, P. Super stainless steels. Stainless Steel Europe, p.28-37, november, 1993.
NILSSON, J. O., KANGAS, P. Influence of phase transformations on mechanical
properties and corrosion properties in duplex stainless steels. Stainless Steel World,
p.56-59, may, 2007.

Paper submitted to INOX 2010- 10th Brazilian Stainless Steel Conference, September 20-22, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revised accepted December, 05, 2012.

208 REM: R. Esc. Minas, Ouro Preto, 66(2), 201-208, abr. jun. | 2013
 tf European wide flange beams
Dimensions: HE A, B, M in accordance with DIN 1025
HE AA according to Montanstahl mill standard
r Tolerances: EN 10034: 1993

Europäische Breitflanschträger
h d hi Abmessungen: HE A, B, M gemäß DIN 1025
HE AA gemäß Montanstahl Werksstandard
Toleranzen: EN 10034: 1993

tw
Poutrelles européennes à large ailes
Dimensions: HE A, B, M conformes à la norme DIN 1025
HE AA suivant standard usine Montanstahl
b Tolérances: EN 10034: 1993

General properties / Generelle Eigenschaften / Valeurs generaux

Designation Dimensions Dimensions for detailing

Bezeichnung Abmessungen Konstruktionsmaße
Désignation Dimensions Dimensions de construction
G h b tw tf r* A hi d
kg/m mm mm mm mm mm mm2 mm mm
x102

HE 100 AA 11.5 91 100 4.2 5.5 2 14.39 80.0 76.0

HE 100 A 16.0 96 100 5 8 2 20.03 80.0 76.0
HE 100 B 19.9 100 100 6 10 2 24.83 80.0 76.0
HE 100 M 41.6 120 106 12 20 2 52.03 80.0 76.0

HE 120 AA 13.9 109 120 4.2 5.5 2 17.35 98.0 94.0

HE 120 A 19.3 114 120 5 8 2 24.13 98.0 94.0
HE 120 B 26.2 120 120 6.5 11 2 32.80 98.0 94.0
HE 120 M 52.2 140 126 12.5 21 2 65.20 98.0 94.0

HE 140 AA 17.5 128 140 4.3 6 2 21.82 116.0 112.0

HE 140 A 24.2 133 140 5.5 8.5 2 30.21 116.0 112.0
HE 140 B 33.4 140 140 7 12 2 41.75 116.0 112.0
HE 140 M 63.5 160 146 13 22 2 79.35 116.0 112.0

HE 160 AA 22.8 148 160 4.5 7 2 28.46 134.0 130.0

HE 160 A 29.5 152 160 6 9 2 36.87 134.0 130.0
HE 160 B 41.9 160 160 8 13 2 52.35 134.0 130.0
HE 160 M 76.1 180 166 14 23 2 95.15 134.0 130.0

HE 180 AA 27.7 167 180 5 7.5 2 34.63 152.0 148.0

HE 180 A 34.7 171 180 6 9.5 2 43.35 152.0 148.0
HE 180 B 50.7 180 180 8.5 14 2 63.35 152.0 148.0
HE 180 M 89.1 200 186 14.5 24 2 111.35 152.0 148.0

HE 200 AA 33.1 186 200 5.5 8 2 41.38 170.0 166.0

HE 200 A 40.9 190 200 6.5 10 2 51.08 170.0 166.0
HE 200 B 60.3 200 200 9 15 2 75.33 170.0 166.0
HE 200 M 102.8 220 206 15 25 2 128.53 170.0 166.0

× Profiles are laser fused with full penetration, equivalent to hot rolled (r = laser seam).
× Profile sind Laser geschweisst mit Vollanbindung, gleichwertig zu warm gewalzt (r = Laser Naht).
× Profiles sont soudé laser avec pénétration complète, équivalent au laminé à chaud (r = cordon laser).
 Stainless steel ss
45°
Grade according to EN 10088-3: 1D
Surface condition: blasted and pickled

Edelstahl Rostfrei
Güte nach EN 10088-3: 1D y
Oberflächenbeschaffenheit: gestrahlt und gebeizt

Acier inoxydable
Nuance selon EN 10088-3: 1D
Etat de surface: sablé et décapé
z

Structural properties / Statische Kennwerte / Valeurs statiques

Designation Strong axis y-y Weak axis z-z

Bezeichnung Starke Achse y-y Schwache Achse z-z
Désignation Axe fort y-y Axe faible z-z
Iy W el.y W pl.y iy Avz Iz W el.z W pl.z iz Ss It Iw
mm4 mm3 mm3 mm mm2 mm4 mm3 mm3 mm mm mm4 mm6
x104 x103 x103 x10 x102 x104 x103 x103 x10 x104 x109

HE 100 AA 219.77 48.30 53.88 3.91 3.85 91.72 18.34 27.86 2.52 17.54 1.35 1.68
HE 100 A 332.48 69.27 78.54 4.07 4.75 133.42 26.68 40.51 2.58 23.34 3.76 2.58
HE 100 B 432.80 86.56 99.74 4.17 5.83 166.81 33.36 50.73 2.59 28.34 7.20 3.38
HE 100 M 1125.87 187.65 231.34 4.65 12.83 398.17 75.13 115.26 2.77 54.34 59.33 9.93

HE 120 AA 387.59 71.12 78.56 4.73 4.60 158.46 26.41 40.04 3.02 17.54 1.61 4.24
HE 120 A 580.38 101.82 113.93 4.90 5.65 230.51 38.42 58.22 3.09 23.34 4.52 6.47
HE 120 B 838.60 139.77 159.65 5.06 7.56 317.03 52.84 80.25 3.11 30.84 11.45 9.41
HE 120 M 1991.80 284.54 345.05 5.53 15.75 701.74 111.39 170.55 3.28 56.84 81.83 24.79

HE 140 AA 682.70 106.67 117.14 5.59 5.52 274.48 39.21 59.35 3.55 18.64 2.36 10.21
HE 140 A 996.38 149.83 166.85 5.74 7.22 388.90 55.56 84.19 3.59 24.84 6.40 15.06
HE 140 B 1472.48 210.35 238.79 5.94 9.47 549.14 78.45 119.03 3.63 33.34 17.29 22.48
HE 140 M 3254.61 406.83 487.19 6.40 18.85 1143.26 156.61 239.40 3.80 59.34 109.16 54.33

HE 160 AA 1206.00 162.97 178.35 6.51 6.66 477.97 59.75 90.29 4.10 20.84 4.09 23.75
HE 160 A 1596.10 210.01 233.08 6.58 8.97 614.65 76.83 116.42 4.08 26.34 8.78 31.41
HE 160 B 2415.12 301.89 341.90 6.79 12.31 888.05 111.01 168.56 4.12 36.34 25.55 47.94
HE 160 M 5021.39 557.93 662.50 7.26 22.93 1756.56 211.63 323.49 4.30 62.34 143.70 108.05

HE 180 AA 1866.77 223.57 244.46 7.34 8.31 729.16 81.02 122.46 4.59 22.34 5.73 46.36
HE 180 A 2410.16 281.89 311.08 7.46 10.10 923.68 102.63 155.28 4.62 27.34 11.39 60.21
HE 180 B 3731.00 414.56 467.68 7.67 14.70 1361.59 151.29 229.56 4.64 38.84 35.75 93.75
HE 180 M 7383.00 738.30 869.68 8.14 26.51 2577.82 277.19 423.17 4.81 64.84 182.86 199.33

HE 200 AA 2764.06 297.21 324.83 8.17 10.14 1066.91 106.69 161.30 5.08 23.84 7.82 84.49
HE 200 A 3511.91 369.67 407.25 8.29 12.13 1333.73 133.37 201.81 5.11 28.84 14.91 108.00
HE 200 B 5515.93 551.59 620.32 8.56 17.28 2001.04 200.10 303.46 5.15 41.34 48.68 171.13
HE 200 M 10461.66 951.06 1112.92 9.02 30.28 3647.23 354.10 540.04 5.33 67.34 228.77 346.26

MONTANSTAHL AG
Via Gerrette 4 FON: +41 (0)91 641 68 00 info@montanstahl.com
CH - 6855 Stabio FAX: +41 (0)91 641 68 01 www.montanstahl.com