175: Coach & Horses Inn, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. Archaeological Evaluation

DOCUMENT NO 330 Sept 2016
A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
REPORT: EV/CAE/16
Coach & Horses Stable, Caerwent
Pre-Planning Application No: DC/2011/00808
Prepared for: Mr M Issac
By: Dr N Phillips.
QA: J.A. Farley
A.P.A.C. Ltd Coach & Horses, Caerwent. EV/CAE/16
Summary
This is a report resulting from a small programme of archaeological work undertaken to ascertain
what impact, if any, would be caused to part of a site within a Scheduled Ancient Monument; where
ground works are proposed.
The program of work allowed for a 1m square section of brick floor and underlying deposit, to be
excavated, to a depth not exceeding the level of the external, adjacent ground surface.
The report provides a record of a surviving Roman structure from which the survival of further sub-
surface features may be implied.
Dating evidence for the sub-surface feature was provided by two sherds of ‘in context’ Roman
ceramic material and comparison with earlier, adjacent, archaeological work.
A second structure; a wooden post in a masonry lined hole, of indeterminate date but predating the
19th/20th century brick floor, was also discovered with two further undisturbed examples noted in the
vicinity.
Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.
Cover Photograph: DSC09655, General view of stable.
1
Contents
Contents.......................................................................................................................................... 2
Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Plates............................................................................................................................................... 3
Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4
Site Location and Description ...................................................................................................... 4
Geology and Topography ............................................................................................................. 5
Brief archaeological and historical background ........................................................................ 5
Aims and Objectives...................................................................................................................... 6
Scope of the Work ......................................................................................................................... 6
Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 6
Data Presentation .......................................................................................................................... 7
Evaluation Results ......................................................................................................................... 7
Finds ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Discussion and Interpretation ...................................................................................................... 8
Impact ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 9
Archive ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Staff ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Acknowledgements: ...................................................................................................................... 9
Bibliography and References: .................................................................................................... 10
2
Figures
01 Site location map

02 Building plan & evaluation placement; inset
03 Northern section and plan of evaluation
Plates
01 Detail view of [105], [106], [107] against [102], [103], [114], with [100] and [101]
02 Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [102] over [103]. [105] out of shot
03 Detail plan view [100], [101], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116]
04 Detail, scaled view of [105], [106], [107] against [102], [103], [114], with [100], [101], [104],
[108], [109], [110], [113]
05 Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110],
[115], [116],
06 General view of stable
07 Masonry wall [112]
08 Detail of masonry wall [112] over [110]
Appendices
Appendix I Contexts sheets

Appendix II Digital Photograph list & contact sheet
Appendix III Finds Index
3
Introduction
This document comprises a report of archaeological evaluation work, undertaken at a site identified as having
potential archaeological resources that may be disturbed by proposed groundworks.
The site of this evaluation is a former stable block on the car park of the Coach and Horses Public House, Caerwent,
Monmouthshire, NGR 347077 190495.
Caerwent is a small village which occupies the former, walled Roman Civitas of Venta Silurum, Scheduled Ancient
Monument; (MM001),
The general proposed development is the construction of a commercial ‘tea rooms’ for which planning application
had been sought from Monmouthshire County Council (MCC), DC/2011/00808.
As part of the planning process, Cadw advised MCC of the need for Scheduled Ancient Monument Consent (SMC)
as the site lies within the area of MM001, Caerwent Roman City.
As a result, condition was imposed on the proposed work requiring an archaeological evaluation which was
undertaken in May 2012, (APAC. Ltd. EV/CWT/12).
Following the archaeological evaluation Cadw advised:
SMC, under the provisions of Sections 13 and 15 of the 1979 Act was granted by Cadw in
October 2012 to undertake the works for “alterations and extension to the public house,
extension and change of use to the existing stone building (within the carpark) to form tea rooms
and garage/store”. Conditions attached to the SMC include the requirement for an
archaeological watching brief to be carried out during excavation of the building foundations
and associated service trenches.
(Cadw, L Mees email 05/02/2015).
At some point in early January of 2015, work commenced at the site with some 177m² of surface cover being
removed by mechanical digger, without an archaeological watching brief being initiated.
That work constituted a breach of the SMC conditions.
In response to the breach of condition, the developer applied for a modification to the existing SMC allowing for an
archaeological assessment to be undertaken of the recently exposed surface: to include hand trowelling and
archaeological recording undertaken by an appropriately qualified archaeologist.
Dr N Phillips, APAC Ltd, was contracted to undertake the work which produced a large assemblage of Roman
ceramics and recoded a series of Roman wall remains, (APAC. Ltd, CR3/CAE/15).
After the evaluation report of the site was approved, the next phase of work was the renovation of the former stable
block, which was in danger of collapse.
The renovation included re-roofing of the structure and removal of one unstable, gable wall and has now reached the
stage of re-flooring; as the present brick cover is unsuitable for the intended use of the premises.
After an onsite consultation with the client, the architect, Cadw and APAC Ltd, the latter was instructed to evaluate
a 1m² area of the floor to a depth not exceeding the external ground level.
Site Location and Description

The location of the site can be gained from the A448, Chepstow – Newport Rd, fig 01. Approximately 4½ miles
after leaving Chepstow on the A48, turn left at the sign for Caerwent Roman City. The coach and Horses is the first
building on the left as one passes through the old gate.
The former stable building lies within the car park of the Coach & Horses Public House, Caerwent fig 01, inset; the
exact position and area to be evaluated is shown in fig 02.
4
Geology and Topography
The town of Caerwent lies on the low land at the northern part of the Gwent Levels.
The underlying solid geology of Caerwent is predominantly made up of the Mercia Mudstone Group with River
Terrace Deposits of sand and gravel (http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/home.html).
Brief archaeological and historical background

Caerwent (Venta Silurum) described as ‘The Market Town of the Silures.’ was founded by the Romans at around
the same time as their Fortress at Caerleon, in AD 75, (Howell 1988).
There have been a number of archaeological excavations and observations of building work in the vicinity of the
proposed development:
A large number of burials were discovered in two cemeteries which were discovered around the town's East Gate in
1910 and 1973.
There were 148 east-west orientated Christian graves which are thought to be dated from between the 4th and 9th
centuries.
This was a burial ground with sections for both adults and the young, and some graves were stone-lined.
Another cemetery (of 150 graves) was situated around the present Parish Church of St. Stephen (originally St.
Tathyw) (Imrie, 2004).
A stone-lined burial discovered at the East-Gate in 1910, was believed to be that of St. Tathyw and was reburied in
the Parish Church under a Latin-inscribed memorial slab; however, later investigation revealed this grave not to be
unique.
An archaeological evaluation was carried out by Monmouth Archaeology in 2011 (Report, MA23.11) in relation to
a planning application to carry out alterations and extensions to The Coach & Horses.
Three trial trenches were excavated in the footprint of the proposed extensions. Trench C, on
the north-east corner of the property, adjoining the Roman East Gate, entered disturbed 20th
century deposits and indicated that no sensitive archaeological remains had survived above the
extent of the trial excavation at a depth of 1.70m. A rubble-filled cut, believed to be a robber
trench, was found in Trench B which was close to the street frontage on the north-west side of
the property. Trench A, on the south-west corner of the property, exposed a more complicated
archaeological resource which was edged on the eastern side by disturbed ground – possibly a
robber trench or an even more recent disturbance associated with the recorded destruction and
re-building of the standing structures.
(Report, MA23.11)
A further archaeological evaluation was undertaken in 2013 this time by APAC Ltd within the proposed area for this
development.
The following conclusions were arrived at:
It comes as no great surprise that in this area of the Roman City of Caerwent, just a few
hundred mm beneath the ground there exists structure, for all intents and purposes, Roman in
origin. What the structure was originally it is not possible to interpret but it is reasonable to
suggest from the evidence that what is left is a mortar foundation of a wall. The possible facing
stone [111] would suggest that the outside of the building was to the north however, the
possible plaster adhering to the facing stone [109] may equally establish that the building
extends south and therefore away from the proposed project.
(APAC Ltd. EV/CWT/12)
5
As mentioned above, APAC.Ltd undertook some further work in 2015 involving clearance and evaluation of
disturbed ground surface adjoining the stable block.
The report concluded:
The report provides a record of some surviving Roman structures from which the survival of further
subsurface features may be implied.
The work also collected a large assemblage of small finds some of which were in context.
Of specific relevance to the aims of the evaluation work, the clearance and survey was able to show
that significant archaeological remains, both structural and fabric scatters, are present just below the
surface and that the unauthorised work impacted upon these.
Furthermore, the proposed raft foundation as presented, will considerably impact on undisturbed
remains.
(APAC. Ltd, CR3/CAE/15).
Aims and Objectives
The aims and objectives of this program of works was to:
• Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of any potential archaeological remains, extant
in the development area.
• Provide an information base from which to formulate mitigation strategies, in the event of significant
archaeological resources being impacted upon within the development area.
• Provide a detailed record of the work to allow for a report to be produced.
• Provide a detail record of the work; in the event of significant archaeological resources being discovered, to
allow for publication in a suitable academic journal.
• Allow for the development to be monitored.
• to establish if the intended ground reduction for flooring will impact upon any surviving archaeological
resources shown to exist at a shallow level in evaluations (APAC Ltd. EV/CWT/12) and clearance work
(APAC. Ltd, CR3/CAE/15).
• to inform decisions to establish if the existing building proposals can be undertaken according to the
documentation submitted with the 2012 SMC application
• to inform decisions if modifications to the previously submitted building design are required.
Scope of the Work
The archaeology of the application site as a whole, in its wider local or regional context, was considered, although
the work was constrained to a 1m² evaluation.
All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.
Methodology
A full photographic record was taken of the brick floor area prior to any ground disturbance including a set of
overlapping, scaled photographs, appendix IIa.
The internal dimensions of the building were then measured with a Leica Disto 500D and the measurements drawn
onto a sheet of Permatrace, at a scale of 1:20.
6
The area chosen for the evaluation was a 1m square at the south east corner of the building, fig 02.
This allowed for the two distinct brick surfaces contexts [100] & [101] to be examined in the hope of finding
evidence of phasing or purpose.
The area also covered the abutment of the brick floor to the masonry wall, [112] south of the building and a cut off
wooden post, [105].
Once the area had been measured, the brick floor was carefully removed with a crow-bar, after which single context
excavation was undertaken with a trowel and hand shovel.
A photographic record was undertaken as each major context was cleared and a record of all contexts was produced
on pro-forma sheets, appendices I & II.
A full database of all the photographs is included in the report along with contact sheets whilst the RAW format
photographs will be digitised and included in the archive.
A small number of finds were collected and these were numbered and cross referenced to their contexts, again on
pro-forma recording sheets, Appendix 3.
Data Presentation
Presentation Notes:
All contexts are denoted [#] in the text, listed in Appendix I and shown in Figs 02 & 03.
Photographs used in the text are listed PL#, listed in appendix II and can be found following the figure section.
Contact sheets are also included in Appendix IIa
All finds denoted {#} in the text and are listed in Appendix III and Fig 04 & 05. Finds images are included in IIIa.
Ground conditions
The ground conditions were very good the floor having been recently cleared of debris after a new roof was fitted.
Lighting was good as the southern gable of the building had been removed to ground level during the roofing work.
Some disturbance in the floor level was noted prior to excavation, which turned out to be from rodent activity which
was also evident as disturbance to the upper stratigraphy.
Evaluation Results
Removal of the two distinct brick surfaces [100] & [101] was easily achieved as the mortar bond for bricks in [101]
was minimal and the surface had subsided to some extent due to rodent activity, PL 01.
The photograph reveals the collapse of the bricks on the left, under which is a void [102], filled with nesting
material: small bones, leaves, bits of paper & plastic, PL02.
The disturbed context [102] spread across most of the evaluation surface; the bricks above held in place by the sides
of the various runs.
The runs themselves had been dug through a bedding surface of compacted, dark brown sand [103] with a high
concentration of coal and lime, fig o3.
Context [103] was noticeably thicker in depth under [101] than it was under [100] and the disturbance [102] did not
extend under [100].
Beneath [103] was a cut [117] into [108] a hard mortar mix with large inclusions of lime and gravel and a single
sherd of 18th century North Devonshire ceramic, {1}.
7
Cut [117] was capped by fill of an orange compacted sand beneath which was a mortared structure [107]; the
support for a wooden post [105], PL01.
The support structure, [107] was a hard mortar mix bonding some rough masonry to form a rounded post support
PL03.
The post itself [105] survives to a height of 220mm above [107] and cast a rectangular profile, now filled with its
own decayed matter [106].
It was not possible to ascertain if the post support cut; into [108] or whether [108] was a later fill, however [107] did
cut into [110], PL04.
Context [110], at the limit of the evaluation depth consisted of a dark brown sandy soil with some large flat stones
along the western side of the evaluation pit, PL05.
[110] was edged along the west side by a masonry wall [104], a continuation of a wall interpreted in CR3/CAE/15
as a ‘Roman wall [112]’ due to the evidence of the finds abutting it, pp 12-14.
Two finds of Roman ceramic, {2} & {3} abutting [104] in context [109] would further support the interpretation.
The wall [104] had been used as a foundation for the western stable wall [113] and it is possible that the original
survives along the entire length of the stable.
To the east of [110] was a similar deposit, slightly lighter in colour but devoid of stone [116].
At the bottom of the evaluation, at c.380mm, judged to be level with the ground level outside, two lenses of orange
sand [115] were encountered but not investigated PL04
The southern edge of the evaluation trench was bounded by a mortared masonry wall, [112]; the original southern
gable, of the building, PL06& PL07.
At the western corner the wall [112] is built on wall [104], its foundation cuts beyond the depth of the trench into
[110], Pl08.
Finds
See appendix III.
The finds have been washed, dried, bagged and labelled with only preliminary identification undertaken for this
report.
Discussion and Interpretation
The findings of the evaluation reveal a long period of use for the land, dating from the Roman period to the present.
The earliest evidence of structure reveals a Roman presence whilst the latest development is the probable 19th
century stable and later adaptions to the flooring.
The post and post hole [105-106-107] is an enigma, certainly older than brick floor [100] and probably [100], it is
unlikely to predate the 18th century due to the single sherd of North Devon Ware in the later fill [108].
However, it was not possible to establish the sequence of [108] to [105-106-107] with any degree of certainty due
to the restrictions of the evaluation size and proximity to the western walls [104] and [113].
Impact
The findings of the evaluation work would support the interpretation that the removal of the current brick floor and
bedding to a depth of 380mm would have little impact upon any surviving Roman structures but that there would be
a potential for archaeological resources of more recent periods to be disturbed.
8
Recommendations
The survival of the Roman wall as a foundation for the later stable building attests to its survival and therefor a
potential presence of further remains which would necessitate the need for further watching brief conditions to be
applied.
Archive
Original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd.
A secondary Archive will be deposited with Gwent archives.
A copy of the final report & project design will be deposited with the HER.
Staff
Dr. Neil Phillips, MCIFA.
Site Assistants:
Post ex
Mr A. O. Phillips.
Specialists:
Mr S. Clarke. MCIFA. OBE. Ceramics
The copyright for this report shall remain with the A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Acknowledgements:
Thanks to Mark & family, for allowing APAC Ltd to undertake the work, and for providing, conversation and
refreshments.
Thanks to Cadw for their support and permission to undertake the work.
9
Bibliography and References:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/CWT/12. Archaeological Evaluation: Tea rooms: Coach & Horses, Caerwent. 2012.
DB/CR/CAE/15. Project Design for Archaeological Recording. Tea Rooms: Coach &
Horses, Caerwent. 2015.
CR/CAE/15. Archaeological Recording Report: Coach & Horses, Caerwent. 2015.
BAY Civil &

Structural Engineers John Crowther & Associates. Coach and Horses. Tea Rooms GA & Slab RC Detail. 6340
02 A. 31/01/13.
Cadw 21/02/12 Proposed extension and change of use to existing store building to form tea Rooms:
Coach & Horses, Caerwent. PL App.No: DC/2011/00800.
Crowther Associates Proposed alterations to form tea rooms, Coach & Horses, Caerwent.
1328-7
1328-6D
1328-6J 06/06/11
1328-16 23/10/15
Chartered Institute for

Archaeologists. Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of Contractual
Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2008.
Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of
archaeological materials. 2014.
English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991).
Maylan, N. 2012 Proposed extension and change of use to existing store building to form tea Rooms:
Coach & Horses, Caerwent. PL App.No: DC/2011/00800. MON190/CNM
Monmouth Archaeology Project Design for an Archaeological Evaluation, The Coach & Horses Caerwent, 2012.
Monmouthshire County
Council; 16/08/2011 (pl.app.no DC/2011/00808).
The Society of Museum

Archaeologists Towards An Accessible Archive (1995)
United Kingdom Institute

for Conservation.
(Archaeology Section) Guidelines for the Preparation of Excavation Archives for Long-Term Storage (1990)
Howell, R., 1988 A History of Gwent, Gomer
Imrie, R., 2004. The Parish Church of St. Stephen and St. Tathan, Caerwent,
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. BA (Hons).Cert Ed/FE. MCIFA.
10
Coach & Horses, Caerwent
The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
adapted from M.J. Crowther & Associates
1328-7
Map data ©2015 Google
Fig 01: Location A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CAE/16

Stable, Coach & Horses, Caerwent
Test pit 100
101
Entrance
105
113
Inset
112
o .5 1 2
o .5 1 2
m
m
A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CAE/16

Fig 02 Floor plan
Stable, Coach & Horses, Caerwent
Plan View Section

N
101
0
103
100 101
105
108 109 100
106
102
107 102
103
104 11 114 114
7
115 105 108
108
106
m
116
110
113
104 109
107
112 .5
0 .5
0 .5 1
m
m
Fig 03Plan & section A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CAE/16

D12.46.43
13.59.03
Plate 01:Detail view of [105], [106], [107] against [102], [103], Plate 02: Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing
[114], with [100] and [101] [102] over [103]. [105] out of shot
15.04.54
13.58.19
Plate 03: Detail plan view [100], [101], [113] revealing [104], Plate 04: Detail, scaled view of [105],
[105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116], [106], [107] against [102], [103], [114],
with [100], [101], [104], [108], [109], [110], [113]
DSC09655
13.55.24
Plate 05: Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing Plate 06: General view of stable
[104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116],
15.06.41
15.06.20
Plate 07: Masonry wall [112] Plate 08: Detail of masonry wall [112]
over [110]
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix I Coach and Horses, Caerwent. EV/CAE/16
Context
Site: Coach & Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No:

Horses, Caerwent 347071 190495 EV/CAE/16
CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS
100 East & Surface 220mm x 102mm x 51mm brick floor laid edge 11.13.17, 11.13.35,
Central up in Stretcher Bond. 75 rows intact with gully 11.14.05, 11.14.12,
to the east. 11.14.56, 11.28.26,
12.17.03, 12.17.42,
12.18.02, 12.19.03,
12.19.37, 12.19.55,
12.20.49, 12.21.11,
12.21.33, 12.22.02,
12.22.20, 12.22.42,
12.23.07, 12.23.26,
12.23.47, 12.24.16,
12.24.42, 12.25.11,
12.25.35, 12.25.55,
12.26.20, 12.26.53,
12.27.28, 12.27.49,
12.28.38, 12.46.43,
12.59.28, 13.53.57,
13.54.18, 13.54.34,
13.55.24, 13.56.22,
13.57.36, 13.58.19,
13.58.44, 13.59.03,
15.04.54, 15.05.34,
15.06.20, 15.06.41,
DSC09655, DSC09656,
DSC09657
101 West Surface 220mm x 102mm x 51mm brick floor laid flat in 11.13.17, 11.13.35,
Stretcher Bond, 53 rows. 11.14.05, 11.14.12,
11.14.56, 11.28.26,
12.17.03, 12.17.42,
12.18.02, 12.19.03,
12.19.37, 12.19.55,
12.20.49, 12.21.11,
12.21.33, 12.22.02,
12.22.20, 12.22.42,
12.23.07, 12.23.26,
12.23.47, 12.24.16,
12.24.42, 12.25.11,
12.25.35, 12.25.55,
12.26.20, 12.26.53,
12.27.28, 12.27.49,
12.28.38, 12.46.43,
12.59.28, 13.53.57,
13.54.18, 13.54.34,
13.55.24, 13.56.22,
13.57.36, 13.58.19,
13.58.44, 13.59.03,
15.04.54, 15.05.34,
15.06.20, 15.06.41,
DSC09655, DSC09656,
DSC09657
102 Test pit Disturbance Rodent nest, leaves small bones. Holes in [103] 12.46.43, 13.57.36,
causing collapse of [100] 13.58.19, 13.58.44,
13.59.03, 15.04.54,
15.05.34
103 Test pit Bedding Compacted dark brown sandy soil with mix of 13.57.36, 13.58.44,
coal, lime 13.59.03, 15.04.54
104 Test pit Structure Masonry wall in pinkish mortar 13.53.57, 13.54.34,
13.55.24, 13.56.22,
13.57.36, 13.58.19,
15.04.54, 15.05.34,
15.06.20
105 Test pit Post Wooden post, squared protruding through [100] 12.26.20, 13.53.57,
13.54.18, 13.54.34,
13.55.24, 13.56.22,
13.57.36, 13.58.19,
13.58.44, 13.59.03,
15.04.54, 15.05.34
106 Post hole Fill Soft black fill, possibly wood decay from post 12.26.20, 13.53.57,
[105] 13.54.18, 13.54.34,
13.55.24, 13.56.22,
13.57.36, 13.58.19,
13.58.44, 13.59.03,
Context
15.04.54, 15.05.34
107 Post hole Structure Masonry and lime mortar post support, extending 13.53.57, 13.54.18,
below evaluation depth. Squared central ghost for 13.54.34, 13.55.24,
the decayed post, evident. 13.56.22, 13.57.36,
13.58.19, 13.58.44,
13.59.03, 15.04.54,
15.05.34
108 North of Bedding Hard mortar mix of sandy soil with large {1} 13.53.57, 13.54.18,
test pit limestone gravels 13.54.34, 13.55.24,
13.56.22, 13.57.36,
13.58.19, 13.58.44,
13.59.03, 15.04.54,
15.05.34
109 North of Deposit Soft sandy deposit under [108] and abutting [104] {2} & {3} 13.56.22, 13.57.36,
test pit and [107] 13.58.19, 13.59.03,
15.04.54, 15.05.34
110 Test pit, Deposit Limit of excavation, soft dark brown sandy soil 13.53.57, 13.54.18,
east with some flat stone. 13.54.34, 13.55.24,
13.56.22, 13.57.36,
13.58.19, 13.58.44,
15.04.54, 15.05.34,
15.06.20, 15.06.41
111 South of Cut Cut for [112] into [110]
test pit
112 South of Structure Masonry wall of course, pink lime mortar with 11.13.17, 12.26.53,
test pit rough stone. Original south gable wall remains 12.27.28, 12.27.49,
12.28.38, 13.55.24,
15.06.20, 15.06.41,
DSC09655
113 East, Structure Brick walls to east, north and south 11.13.17, 11.14.12,
North 11.14.56, 11.28.26,
West 12.17.03, 12.17.42,
12.18.02, 12.19.03,
12.19.37, 12.21.11,
12.21.33, 12.22.42,
12.23.07, 12.24.42,
12.25.11, 12.26.20,
12.26.53, 12.27.28,
12.27.49, 12.28.38,
12.46.43, 12.59.28,
13.53.57, 13.54.18,
13.54.34, 13.56.22,
15.04.54, 15.05.34,
DSC09655, DSC09656,
DSC09657
114 North of Deposit Compacted orange sand beneath [103] over [107] 13.57.36, 13.58.44,
test pit possibly associated with post hole fill. 13.59.03
115 Test pit Lens Orange patch of sandy soil possibly under [110] 13.53.57, 13.54.34,
13.55.24, 13.56.22
116 Test pit Deposit Limit of excavation, soft dark brown sandy soil 13.53.57, 13.54.18,
east stone. 13.54.34, 13.55.24,
13.56.22, 13.57.36,
13.58.19, 13.58.44,
15.04.54, 15.05.34,
15.06.20, 15.06.41
117 Test pit Cut Cut for [114] into [108]
north
Context
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II Digital photograph list EV/CAE/16
Photo no Date Camera L/P View Description Plate

11.13.17 25/08/16 Sam L V Southern end, bricks Contexts [100] & [101]
11.13.35 25/08/16 Sam L V Central, bricks Contexts [100] & [101]
11.14.05 25/08/16 Sam L V Northern end, bricks Contexts [100] & [101]
11.14.12 25/08/16 Sam L V Northern end, bricks Contexts [100] & [101]
11.14.56 25/08/16 Sam L N General view of internal stable
11.28.26 25/08/16 Sam L V South east corner showing [100] and [112]
12.17.03 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 1 NE. R1, [100], [101], [113]
12.17.42 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 2 N. R1, [100], [101], [113]
12.18.02 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 3 N. R1, [100], [113]
12.19.03 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 4 NW. R1, [100], [101], [113]
12.19.37 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 5 NW. R2, [100], [101], [113]
12.19.55 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 6 N. R2, [100], [113]
12.20.49 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 7. N. R2, [100], [113]
12.21.11 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 8 NE. R2, [100], [113]
12.21.33 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 9 CE. R3, [100], [113]
12.22.02 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 10 C. R3, [100], [113]
12.22.20 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 11 C. R3, [100], [101], [113]
12.22.42 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 12 CW. R3, [100], [101], [113]
12.26.20 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 21 SW. R5, [100], [101], [105], [113]
12.26.53 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 22 SW. R6, [100], [101], [112], [113]
12.27.28 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 23 S. R6, [100], [112], [113]
12.27.49 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 24 S. R6, [100], [112], [113]
12.28.38 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled sequence: 25 SE. R6, [100], [112], [113]
12.46.43 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [102] over [103]. [105] out of shot PL02
12.59.28 25/08/16 Sam L N Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [103]. [105] out of shot
13.53.57 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116],
13.54.18 25/08/16 Sam P V Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116],
13.54.34 25/08/16 Sam P V Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116],
13.55.24 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116], PL05
13.56.22 25/08/16 Sam L V Scaled excavation. [100], [101], [112], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116],
13.57.36 25/08/16 Sam L N Scaled excavation. [100], [101], revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109] [114]
13.58.19 25/08/16 Sam L V Detail plan view [100], [101], [113] revealing [104], [105] [106] [107], [109], [110], [115], [116], PL03
13.58.44 25/08/16 Sam L E Detail view of [105], [106], [107] against [102], [103], [114], with [100] and [101]
13.59.03 25/08/16 Sam L N Detail view of [105], [106], [107] against [102], [103], [114], with [100] and [101] PL01
15.04.54 25/08/16 Sam L N Detail, scaled view of [105], [106], [107] against [102], [103], [114], with [100], [101], [104], [108], [109], [110], [113] PL04
15.05.34 25/08/16 Sam L V Detail scaled plan view of [105], [106], [107], background [100], [101], [113], [104] left, also [103], [108], [114], [109], [110] [115], [116]
15.06.20 25/08/16 Sam L S Masonry wall [112] PL07
15.06.41 25/08/16 Sam L S Detail of masonry wall [112] over [110] PL08
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II Digital photograph list EV/CAE/16
DSC09655 09/03/15 DSC F828 L N General view of stable PL06

DSC09656 09/03/15 DSC F828 L V Southern end, bricks Contexts [100] & [101]
DSC09657 09/03/15 DSC F828 L V Northern end, bricks Contexts [100] & [101]
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix III Coach and Horses, Caerwent. CR3/CAE/15
Finds
Find Area Context Description Period Date

1 EV pit 108 1 sherd, North Devon Ware 18th/c 18/08/16
2 EV pit 109 1 sherd Greyware R 18/08/16
3 EV pit 109 1 sherd, Rim Black Burnished Ware R 18/08/16
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix III FINDS EV/CAE/16
DSC09688
108 1
Find no Area Context Description Period Date

1 108 1 sherd North Devonshire earthenware 18th 18/08/16
DSC09689
109 2

2 109 1 sherd Grey ware R 18/08/16
DSC09690
109 3

3 109 1 sherd Black Burnished ware rim R 18/08/16

175: Coach &amp; Horses Inn, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. Archaeological Evaluation

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175: Coach &amp; Horses Inn, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. Archaeological Evaluation

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DOCUMENT NO 330 Sept 2016

Coach & Horses Stable, Caerwent

Pre-Planning Application No: DC/2011/00808

Prepared for: Mr M Issac

Cover Photograph: DSC09655, General view of stable.

01 Site location map

Appendix I Contexts sheets

Following the archaeological evaluation Cadw advised:

That work constituted a breach of the SMC conditions.

Site Location and Description

Geology and Topography

Brief archaeological and historical background

The following conclusions were arrived at:

The report concluded:

Aims and Objectives

The aims and objectives of this program of works was to:

• Provide a detailed record of the work to allow for a report to be produced.

• Allow for the development to be monitored.

Scope of the Work

All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.

Discussion and Interpretation

A secondary Archive will be deposited with Gwent archives.

Mr S. Clarke. MCIFA. OBE. Ceramics

Bibliography and References:

CR/CAE/15. Archaeological Recording Report: Coach & Horses, Caerwent. 2015.

BAY Civil &

Chartered Institute for

English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991).

The Society of Museum

United Kingdom Institute

Howell, R., 1988 A History of Gwent, Gomer

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Map data ©2015 Google

Fig 01: Location A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CAE/16

Test pit 100

A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CAE/16

Plan View Section

Fig 03Plan & section A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CAE/16

Site: Coach & Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No:

Photo no Date Camera L/P View Description Plate

DSC09655 09/03/15 DSC F828 L N General view of stable PL06

Find Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

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175: Coach & Horses Inn, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. Archaeological Evaluation

175: Coach & Horses Inn, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. Archaeological Evaluation