163: 22 Westgate Street, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Archaeological Evaluation

DOCUMENT NO 307 April 2016
A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
REPORT: EV/COW2/16
22 Westgate, Cowbridge
Pre-Planning Application No: 2016/00028/FUL
Prepared for:
Mr Garth Crandon
By: A.O. Phillips
Checked by Dr N Phillips
A.P.A.C. Ltd 22 Westgate, Cowbridge. EV/COW2/16
Summary
Proposed work involving construction of a two story rear extension with associated
internal alterations and the of sash windows to front elevation is to be been applied
for.
The proposed work was identified as having a potential to impact upon

archaeological resources and therefore a condition requiring an archaeological
evaluation was advised.
This report contains the findings of the archaeological evaluation.
No structural archaeological resources were impacted upon within the area of the
two evaluation trenches and the general area was found to have been greatly
disturbed by previous service pipe installations.
Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.
Cover Photograph: DSC09458, Relevant positions TR1 + TR2.
1
Contents
Contents.................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Figures .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Plates ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Appendices ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Site Location and Description ............................................................................................................................... 4
Geology and Topography ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Brief archaeological and historical background ................................................................................................... 5
Aims and Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Scope of the Work .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Methodology........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Data Presentation ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Evaluation Trenches Results ................................................................................................................................. 8
Finds ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Discussion and Interpretation ............................................................................................................................... 9
Archive ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Staff ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Acknowledgements: ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Bibliography and References: ............................................................................................................................. 10
Figures
01 Location Map
02 Burgage interpretation for Cowbridge
03 HER, 500m search diameter, Cowbridge 5229
04 Map progressions
05 Trench plan
2
Plates
1 Relevant positions TR1 + TR2

2 Initial removal of concrete surface [100] [108] wit [109] to rear. Pipe
[101/102/103/ central, running south.
3 TR1. [100] [117] [108] [113] with [110/111/112] right
4 Plan position of manhole chamber 1 associated with [110/111/112] and cut into
[116]. Cut [111] shown (left)
5 TR1. Detail of pit [114/115] cut into [113] [116] but under [100] [117] [118]
[119] [108] with scale
6 TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116] with pipe [103], cut [101] to
[113]
7 TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116] with pipe 2 [111], cut [110] to
[116]
Appendices
Appendix I HER 5229. Event

Appendix II HER 5229. Core
Appendix III HER 5229. NMR
Appendix IV Contexts sheets
Appendix V Digital Photograph list & contact sheet
Appendix V1 Finds Index & plates
3
Introduction
This Evaluation Report has been prepared by A.O Phillips, A.P.A.C. Ltd, as part of the response to a proposed
programme of works, to construct a two story extension with associated internal alterations, and replacement of sash
windows in the front elevation of property, 22 Westgate, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan, CF71 7AR, NGR 299163
174742, fig 01.
The proposed construction work will involve excavation of trenches for footings and services which may impact on
any archaeological resources present.
The client; MR. G Crandon, is considering submitting a planning application to The Vale of Glamorgan Council
(VOG) and has submitted a pre-planning enquiry (2016/00028/FUL), which was responded to by Glamorgan Gwent
Archaeological Trust (GGAT), Archaeological Planning Services (APS) who advise the council on such matters.
GGAT noted that:
The proposed development could have significant negative impact on the archaeological resource
in this area as information provided by the Historic Environment Record, indicates that the
property sits just South of a Roman road that runs through the centre of Cowbridge were a major
Roman settlement was situated. In this vicinity previous archaeological works have produced
mixtures of deposits culminating of both Roman and Medieval finds. The latter owing to
significant features and structures associated with a medieval settlement in this area
and therefore advised:
that an archaeological evaluation be undertaken to consider the archaeological impact of

proposed development prior to the determination of the planning application, in order that
Members of, The Vale of Glamorgan Council are full informed about the effect of the
development on the archaeological resource.
VOG1345/RD
GGAT’s advice specified that the client would need to engage a professional archaeological contractor in order to
undertake a programme of archaeological evaluation, citing Planning Policy Wales, 8th Edition 2016: Conserving
the Historic Environment; section 6.5.2 and Welsh Office Circular 60/96.
A Written Scheme of Investigation; WSI: EV/COW2/16 for the excavation of two evaluation trenches was
submitted to GGAT for approval, which was given and the evaluation trenching took place on 22nd March 2016.
This document is the evaluation report on the work.
Site Location and Description
The location of the site is south of the M4 between Cardiff and Bridgend, fig 01. Travelling west from Cardiff, the
A48 is the Cowbridge Rd, which leads directly to High St, Cowbridge.
Travelling along the High street, pass the library to the left and continue to a left turn to ‘The Butts’, and the cattle
market car park.
The Butts leads off Westgate Street and No 22 is a few doors further along.
Geology and Topography
‘Cowbridge is situated in the centre of the Vale of Glamorgan’… on a gently rising plateau from 91m in the south to
122m at its boundary with the uplands to the north (Robinson 1980).
The solid geology of the area is Vale of Glamorgan, Jurassic Lias with carboniferous limestone outcrops under a
drift of brown earths, (ibid).
4
The geology that was encountered at the site was sandy silt, observable only at the maximum depth whereas the
majority of the deposits were re-distributed, arising from modern services trenching.
Brief archaeological and historical background

The general area of Glamorgan is rich in archaeological resources from the earliest times of prehistory to the
modern era.
Cowbridge itself has yielded archaeological evidence attesting to both military and civil settlement in Roman Times
lasting up to the 4th century, (Soullsby, p115. 1983).
The existence of Cowbridge was probably due to its position which offered a crossing place over the marshy
surroundings and the River Thaw; for the Roman road from Neath to Carmarthen, (ibid).
This Roman road, (60d), is believed to run, through Cowbridge; High Street and Westgate Street towards Bridgend
(Margary, p326,1955).
Archaeological excavations in the mid-1980s revealed significant archaeological resources to the east of the
proposed Westgate site, identifying a possible Roman fort and a Roman bath house complex as well as medieval
buildings, (Parkhouse and Evans).
In contrast, evaluation trenches excavated by APAC Ltd in 2013 EV/COW/13; just south of the 1980’s excavation
as well as a current watching brief, have failed to find anything of archaeological significance; however, the
evaluation did identify a ridge of limestone which may have provided settlement potential in a potentially marshy
area.
This finding would support the strategic value of Cowbridge as a crossing place of the marshy River Thaw as has
been suggested (Spurgeon, pp177, 2001).
Little is presently understood of Cowbridge after the Roman Period but its importance as a trading centre is well
established in the medieval period, (Soullsby, p115. 1983).
It is useful to note in understanding the town, Soulsby suggested that it was not defended; it and its inhabitants were
under the protection of Richard de Clare and the nearby castle at Llanblethian, (ibid).
In 1262 the town had 58 burgages, rising to ‘278 by 1306 placing it among the foremost towns of 14th century
Wales’, fig 02, (ibid.).
It is known that the town was walled in the 13th/14th century and some evidence survives today although most has
been removed.
Westgate Street at the Butts, was as its name suggests, the site of the Westgate of the town whilst the Butts may be
the line of the 8-metre-wide ditch.
As successful as Cowbridge may have been in the Medieval Period, revenues from Cowbridge in the post medieval
period reveal a town in decline, (Forward, p264. 2013), resulting in it being included in the 1544 Act of Parliament
which listed towns in need of rehabilitation, (Robinson, p65. 1980).
Robinson further suggested that the decay was probably to the west of the town where the land was ‘damp and
boggy’, (ibid.).
Wales between 1550 and 1640 saw a great rebuilding, and by the 18th century the results were being recorded by
gentleman travellers.
It is to this period that the 18th/19th century aspects of the street frontages along the length of the main street can be
attributed.
It should be noted that 22 Westgate Street is in the Cowbridge Conservation area, ‘special architectural or historic
interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve’, (VOG 2010).
5
The HER record, 5229, which was consulted for this report, lists some 63 listed buildings, 70 national monuments, a
catalogued 4584 small finds, and 49 events, within the 500m radius of NGR: 299163/174742, fig 03, Appendices I,
II, III.
Of the finds recorded, most are dated as of either roman or medieval origin, which supports the known town history.
Listings within close proximity to the site; worth closer consideration were as follows:
01069s – 7 Westgate Cowbridge

01068s – 34 Westgate Cowbridge: medieval wares (Forward p296, 2013).
01067s – 32 Westgate Cowbridge: no Medieval finds some Roman features (Forward p296, 2013).
The above core listed numbers relate to 19th century town houses, and 19th century vernacular town houses in the
vicinity, including 22 Westgate, Cowbridge.
All were noted as grade III listed buildings of local importance by Robinson, pp81. 1980.
One nearby event is listed, close to the site: E003185, 2009, comprising a watching brief undertaken by GGAT,
which produced a small mixture of Roman, Medieval, and post Medieval finds.
More recent changes to the site over the 19th and 20th century changes, can identified on the Ordnance Survey
mapping, fig 04.
The 1833 Tithe Map of the surrounding area around 22 Westgate Street, fig 04a, indicates that buildings were
present but does not give much detail.
At his point it is worth looking back to Robinson’s Tithe interpretation map, which shows the line of burgage plots
for 1841.
There is a great deal of agreement with Robinson’s layout, in the next Ordnance Survey Map 1885, fig 04b.
Differences include the built frontage onto Westgate Street and some of the burgage plots have been expanded into,
their divisions having been reduced.
The expansion to the west of 22 is particularly noticeable and the change continues as by 1921 the neighbouring plot
has buildings erected, fig 04c.
In comparison with the new divisions each side of 22 (red boundary), and Robinson’s interpretation, it is probable
that 22 is an original, surviving burgage plot.
However, the modern Ordnance Survey map would suggest that the width may have decreased in recent years, fig
04d.
Aims and Objectives
In accordance with the Project Design, WSI: EV/COW2/16 the purpose of the evaluation was to:
Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of any potential archaeological remains, extant in the
development area; allowing for the production of a sufficiently detailed report to be used to inform and mitigate any
associated development.
This was to be realized through the following objectives:
The evaluation report would provide sufficiently detailed information to allow informed decisions to safeguard the
archaeological resource, to be taken on the basis of its contents.
6
The evaluation would attempt to; specifically, establish the presence and extent of potential significant
archaeological deposits, features and structures, which may be identified in the fieldwork.
The evaluation would attempt to recover enough information to enable assessment of the archaeological
implications of the study area.
Resulting from the evaluation, a report on the results would be produced, which would include a detailed summary
of the methodology, site history, deposits/features/ structures/artefacts uncovered and interpretation of the results.
Scope of the Work
The archaeology of the application site as a whole, in its wider local or regional context, was considered, although
the evaluation trenching confined to those areas which will be directly affected by the development or some aspect
of it.
All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.
Methodology
The trenching strategy was drawn up with reference to discussion with the clients, Mr. Crandon and from the brief
supplied by the (GGAT) (APS).
The evaluation trenches were strategically placed in order to maximise the archaeological potential; to determine the
nature, depth, survival and extent of any archaeological features remaining in situ, fig 05.
Evaluation
Two evaluation trenches were excavated by a tracked mechanical digger fitted with a grading bucket.
The trench locations are shown in fig 05, their measurements were:
1. 4m x 1m; evaluated the area closest to the current building, between the two side boundaries and under the
existing yard.
2. 84m x12m; evaluated the southern extent of the property and the garden beyond the yard surface.
Initial recording
A record of the stratigraphy of each trench was made during excavation and modified on completion.
The work was recorded digitally throughout using a Sony DSC F828 Camera set to RAW format.
All finds recovered were recorded to context and bagged.
Research
Initial research was undertaken using information and documentation supplied by the client and GGAT (APS)
A request was made to the Historic Environment Record (HER) for a search of a 500m diameter around NGR
299163 174742, centred on the building plot.
Data Presentation
Presentation Notes:
All contexts are denoted [#] in the text, listed in Appendix IV.
Photographs used in the text are listed Pl #, listed in appendix V and can be found following the figure section.
All finds denoted {#} in the text and are listed in Appendix VI with images VIa
A contact sheet is also provided and a full set of photographs is included in an archive disc.
7
Ground conditions
The weather conditions were very good on the day of the evaluation.
The site was very awkward due to the small cramped area in which to work, a problem exacerbated by the spoil
which also had to be accommodated within the same area.
Once the layers of concrete slab were removed, the one known service pipe was located; unfortunately, directly
along the centre of the site.
As a consequence, the trench alignment was rotated slightly to miss the known pipe, only to find a previously
unknown pipe and manhole chamber covering the majority of the newly aligned trench.
The second trench was also rotated a little to accommodate trench 1 allowing both service pipes cut each terminal
end whilst the fill of the manhole chamber cut was present in the northern face of trench 2.
Evaluation Trenches Results

Trench 1. (refer to fig 05)
Trench 1.
It was very difficult to find an undisturbed stratigraphic section within trench 1, PL01; both long sides were between
almost parallel, salt glazed service pipes [101], PL02 & [111], PL03; one of which, [101], finished at a manhole
chamber accounting for a third of the trench and extending below the excavation depth, PL04.
The north west corner offered the following sequence:
[100] Concrete patio surface. 70mm

[117] Black gravel with coal,70mm
[118] Stone slab surface, 70mm
[119] Thin band of lime plaster, 15mm
[108] Deposit of grey black sandy clay with coal flecks,130mm
[113] Deposit of dark grey clay/silt with gravels and orange mottles
[116] Natural deposit of orange sandy clay 530, to beyond bottom of trench.
Within this one part of a definable sequence was a pit filled with angular stone [115], PL05, including 18th 19th and
20th century finds.
Trench 2.
The second trench was similarly disturbed with service pipes, but the overburden of the patio [100], [117], [118],
[119] was replaced by two layers of imported soils.
[104] Black sandy soil

[109] Black humic garden soil
[113] Deposit of dark grey clay/silt with gravels and orange mottles
[116] Natural deposit of orange sandy clay 530, to beyond bottom of trench.
Features found within trench 2 were two salt glazed service pipes, [101], PL06 and [111], PL07, the fill of the latter
including 18th,19th,20th century finds.
Both trenches, unsurprisingly share a common stratigraphy at [113] and [116], beneath the general deposition layers.
Above the shared context, the variance is due to different land use; trench one [100], [117], [118], [119], a patio and
trench 2 [104], [109] being a garden.
8
The two salt glazed pipes, [102], [111] run the course of the two trenches. (PL03, PL05) with pipe [111] starting in
trench 2 and ending with a manhole chamber in trench 1. (PL04)
.
Finds
The finds were processed and interpreted as mostly 18th,19th and 20th century from deposits [108], [115], [112],
[104].
Two finds of earlier periods included 1 sherd of Post Medieval, [104] and a sherd of Roman Samian ware [108].
The finds were returned to the owner.
Discussion and Interpretation
The two evaluation trenches revealed no evidence of archaeological resources but did produce some small finds
assemblages including one-piece Roman ceramic and one of Late Medieval.
Unfortunately, all finds were from disturbed or potentially disturbed deposits relating to 20th century, installation
trenches for services.
However, the HER notes that the site is closely situated to many archaeologically important structures and the
results of this evaluation cannot rule out the possibility of undisturbed archaeological resources being present
outside of the valuation area.
Archive
Original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd.
A secondary Archive will be deposited with Glamorgan Archives.
A copy of the final report & project design will be deposited with the HER.
Staff
Dr. Neil Phillips, AIFA.
Post ex
Mr A. O. Phillips.
The copyright for this report shall remain with the A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Acknowledgements:
Thanks to Mr, G Crandon, for allowing APAC Ltd to undertake the evaluation, and for providing some oral
background to the site.
Thanks are also due to the driver for his expertise with the mechanical digger.
9
Bibliography and References:
APAC. Ltd. EV/COW/13. Site adjacent to Bear Hotel Carpark, North Rd Cowbridge,
Archaeological Evaluation
WB/COW/15. Land adjacent to Vale Forge, North Rd Cowbridge. Archaeological

Watching Brief. Current.
WSI: EV/COW2/16. Project Design for an Archaeological Field Evaluation, Two

Storey Rear Extension, 22 Westgate Street, Cowbridge.
Architectural Design Proposed Rear Extension & Associated Internal Alterations at 22 Westgate Street,
(South Wales) Cowbridge.
Drawings: 1527-PO1-Ground & First Floor Plan Existing

1527-PO2- Front & Elevations Existing
1527-PO3-Ground & First Floor Plan Proposed
1527-PO4- Front & Elevations Proposed
Connolly, D. 2009. MoLAS Record Sheet and Report Templates Risk Assessment Forms & Other
Guides Guide. 23. BAJR Practical Guides Series.
CIfA . Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the Regulation of
Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology 2014.
Standard and Guidance for the Archaeological Field Evaluation. 2014.
Standard and Guidance for the Collection, Documentation, Conservation and

Research of Archaeological materials 2014
English Heritage 1991 Management of Archaeological Projects
Forward, A., 2013 The Ceramic Evidence for Economic Life and Networks from 12th – 17th Century
Settlement Sites in South Glamorgan, PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
GGAT (APS) VOG1345/RD. RE: Two Storey Rear Extension with Associated Internal
Alterations. Replacement Sash Windows to Front Elevation, 22 Westgate,
Cowbridge. Pl.App.No.:2016/00028/FUL
Margary, I. D., 1955. Roman Roads in Britain. Rev. ed. 1967. W. & J. Mackay & Co Ltd.
Parkhouse, J., & Evans E., Excavations in Cowbridge South Glamorgan 1977-88. BAR Report 245. Tempus
Repartum 1996.
Robinson, D.M. Cowbridge, Archaeology and Topography of a Small Market Town. GGAT 1980
Soulsby, I., 1983. The Towns of Medieval Wales, Phillimore.
VOGC Two Storey Rear Extension with Associated Internal Alterations. Replacement Sash
Windows to Front Elevation, 22 Westgate, Cowbridge.
Pl.App.No.:2016/00028/FUL
Site Location Plan. Streetwise 15/JAN/2016.
WOC Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology.
10
Welsh Office Circular 60/96.
Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992.
Online:
British Listed Buildings http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/
Google Earth http://www.google.co.uk/
Magic http://magic.defra.gov.uk/
A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. BA (Hons). Ed/FE. MCIfA.
11
Rear of 22 Westgate Street, Cowbridge
Fig 01: Location

A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/COW2/16
Central and western Cowbridge

With interpretation of Burgage plots by
Robinson, D.M. 1980.
The plots are based on documentation

and have been plottted over the 1841
Tithe Plan.
FIG 02 Burgage interpretation for Cowbridge A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/COW2/16

FIG 03 HER 500m diameter search, Cowbridge 5229. A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/COW2/16
22 WESTGATE, COWBRIDGE
Fig 04a. 1st Series Ordnance Survey, sheet 36 1833 Fig 04b. 1st Edition Ordnance Survey, Glamorgan XLV, 1885
Fig 04b. Ordnance Survey, Glamorgan XLV, 1921 Magic Map. 2016
A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW2/16
Proposed: WSI: EV/COW2/16 Actual: EV/COW2/16
Service pipe positions shown
106
TR1 115
111
TR1
101
TR2
TR2
0 10m
adapted from:-
Fig 02 Trench plan

A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/COW2/16
22 Westgate, Cowbridge
DSC09450
DSC09458
Plate 01: Relevant positions TR1 + TR2 Plate 02: Initial removal of concrete surface [100] [108] wit [109]
to rear. Pipe [101/102/103/ central, running south.
DSC09462
DSC09452
Plate 03: TR1. [100] [117] [108] [113] with [110/111/112] right Plate 04: TR1. Plan position of manhole
A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/COW2/16
chamber associated with
[110/111/112] and cut into [116]. Cut [111] shown (left)
DSC09460
Plate 05: TR1. Detail of pit [114/115] cut into [113] [116] but under
[100] [117] [118] [119] [108] with scale
DSC09464
Plate 06: TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116] with pipe Plate 07: TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/COW2/16
[103], cut [101] to [113] [116] with pipe 2 [111], cut [110] to [116]
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix I WB/MON/15
HER Report 5043. Event Record
PRN NAME Event Contractor Period NGR

E000301 Monnow Bridge Excavation GGAT SO50451249
E000328 Monnow St. No 79 & 81 Excavation MA SO505126
E000330 Monnow St. No 95 Excavation MA SO505126
E001010 Monnow St. No 98-104 Watching Brief Med/ P-Med SO505126
E001011 Overmonnow School Excavation GGAT R SO503123
E001012 Monnow St. No 75 & 77 Excavation Med/P-Med SO505126
E001013 Monnow St. No 71 Excavation MA Med SO50571268
E001016 Monnow St. (Kwiksave) Excavation GGAT R & Med SO5054412645
E001022 Monmouth Evaluation GGAT P-Med SO50651255
E002229 Monnow St. Queens Building Evaluation GGAT Med/ P-Med SO50571254
E002270 Monmouth Overmonnow Evaluation MA P-Med SO50671217
garage
E002292 Cinderhill St. Monmouth Watching Brief MA R, P-Med, SO50671217
Modern
E002345 Monnow Bridge Evaluation GGAT P-Med SO50361253
E002350 Monnow St. Monmouth DBA BRAS P-Med SO506125
E002360 Cinderhill St. Monmouth Watching Brief DAT P-Med SO5049612406
E002385 Cinderhill St. Monmouth Watching Brief DAT Med SO50551235
E002492 The Victoria Dairy Evaluation MA R, Med, P- SO50191245
Med
E002532 Monnow St. No 66-68 Evaluation MA P-Med SO5060712669
Monmouth
E003365 Monnow St. No 110-120 Excavation GGAT R, Med, P- S5052512568
Med
E003734 Goldwire lane Monmouth Evaluation MA & R, Med, P- SO5030012300
BaRAS Med
E003840 Monnow St. Monmouth Watching Brief GGAT Med SO5053012572
E003842 Monnow St. Monmouth Evaluation GGAT R, P-Med SO5053012572
E003843 Monnow St. Monmouth Evaluation GGAT R, Med, P- SO5053012572
Med
E004389 Monnow St. Monmouth Evaluation MA R, Med, P- SO50591264
Med
E004425 Monmouth Evaluation MA R, Med, P- SO50361242
Med
E004438 Monmouth Watching Brief Dwr Cymru SO5066412604
E004461 Drybridge House Monmouth Evaluation BaRAS P-Med SO5018212624
E004488 Monnow Bridge Monmouth Evaluation MA P-Med SO5043612502
/Modern
E004524 Rockfield Rd. Monmouth Watching Brief MA R, Med, P- SO5026012647
Med
E004653 Wonastow Rd Monmouth Excavation FA NA SO5021412439
E004654 Victoria Dairy Monmouth Watching Brief FA NA SO50191245
E004698 Drybridge St. Monmouth Evaluation MA NA SO50321259
Contractors:
FA Foundations Archaeology
GGAT Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust
MA Monmouth Archaeology
BaRAS Bristol and Regions Archaeological Services
DAT Dyfed Archaeological Trusts
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix II WB/MON/15
HER Report 5043. Core Record
PRN NAME Period Site type NGR

01252g Site name not known M Water Mill SO504126
01253g Cinder Hill M Bloomery SO50501229
01254g Drybridge House II*2852 PGW II* Post M Country House SO50251256
01255g Site name not known Roman Find spot SO50181243
01256g Monnow Bridge I 2118. MM008 M Bridge SO5046012508
01257g Monnow Bridge M Gatehouse SO5046012508
01258g St Thomas Becket’s Church Overmonnow. M Church SO50441245
II*2214
01258g Overmonnow Churchyard cross. II 1356 M Cross SO5040712460
01260g Findspot, Carthaginian coin, Monmouth 1st/2nd coin SO50371231
ml BC
01261g Findspot, pottery, Monmouth Post R Find spot SO502122
01262g Clawdd Du II* 2219 SAM MM036 M Town Defences SO5024912339
02952g Site name not known M Find spot SO507121
03843g Elstob Way R Find spot SO50201231
04041g Robin Hood Inn II*2297 Post M INN SO5051212562
04104g Clawdd Du Bridge II* 2219 M Bridge SO5024912339
04113g 98-104 Monnow St II Post M SO505126
04118g Monnow Street No 83-85 Post M Building SO5054412645
04124g Drybridge St, The Laurels II 2254 Post M House SO5037412462
04125g Drybridge St, No 4-8 II 2255, II 85144, II Post M Building SO5034912489
85165
04126g Drybridge St, No 16-30 II 2256, II 2257, II Post M Building SO5032912513
2258, II 2259, II 80877
04127g Three Horseshoe Inn. II 2260 Post M Building SO5035512480
04128g Drybridge Terrace No 1-10. II 2262, II Post M House SO5029912519
85013, II 85055, II 85092, II 85121, II
85131, II 85145, II 85156, II 85166, II
85173,
04129g Drybridge St No 37-41. II 2261, II 85116, II Post M Inn SO5032812554
85229.
04147g St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church. II P/M Building SO5012
04149g The Hollies II P/M Building SO5012
04151g Wonastow Rd No 1 & 3. II 2365, II 2366 P/M Building SO5020912478
04188g St Thomas Square No 12. II 2359 P/M Building SO50441243
04191g St Thomas Old Vicarage. II 2357 P/M Vicarage SO504812430
04192g Diamond Jubilee Fountain. II 2358 Post M Commemorative SO5042212456
Monument
04331g Monnow St 79 & 81 Med burgages SO505126
04333g Monnow Street No 95 M Find spot SO505126
04772.1g RR612b R Road route SO5028912556,
SO4886611235,
SO4754210267
04772.1g RR612b R Road route SO5054312315,
SO5057311119,
SO4754210267
05285g Monnow Bridge Caravan Park N/A Natural Feature SO50361253
05386g Goldwire Lane Med Furnace SO50321232
05451g Gloucestershire House R Find spot SO505126
05621g 102 MONNOW ST M Building SO50591257
05627g Cinderhill St Carpark Post M Well SO50551235
06113g Chippenham Park PGW 06 II Post M Park SO507125
08939g Tannery/garden 101 Monnow St. P/M Tannery SO5053612601
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix II WB/MON/15

10332g Monnow Street No 73 Post M Building SO5057412675
10897g Medieval building nr Monnow Bridge M Building SO5043612502
10898g Bloomery Monnow Bridge M Iron Working site SO5043612502
11002g Possible Kiln Drybridge Street M Pottery Kiln SO5030912590
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix III EV/COW2/16
HER Report 5229. National Monuments Record
NPRN NMRWNAME Period Type NGR

421473 ST CADOC'S CATHOLIC CHURCH, COWBRIDGE 20th Century CHURCH SS9909474485
418656 HIGH STREET, 29, 19th Century DWELLING SS99507466
417987 COWBRIDGE WAR MEMORIAL Post Medieval WAR MEMORIAL SS9955974637
32765 EASTGATE 23,TELEPHONE CALL BOX Post Medieval TELEPHONE BOX SS995746
451 THE COOPERS; 75 HIGH STREET, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval GRANARY SS99337475
32846 WESTGATE, TELEPHONE CALL BOX Post Medieval TELEPHONE BOX SS990748
19497 OLDE MASONS ARMS (YE) Post Medieval PUBLIC HOUSE SS99457467
136 RAMOTH CHAPEL Post Medieval CHAPEL SS99157485
417796 THE BUTTS, NOS 1, 2 & 3 Post Medieval DWELLING SS99237472
414677 LLOYDS BANK, HIGH STREET, 33, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval BANK (FINANCIAL) SS99497464
96252 VERLANDS Post Medieval HOUSE SS99027459
411518 LLWYNHELIG, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval HOUSE SS9896175085
18990 HIGH STREET, 2, COWBRIDGE;THE BLUE BELL 17th Century DWELLING SS99637458
INN
408670 TOWN AND MARKET HALL, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval MARKET HALL, TOWN SS9941674674
HALL
407069 BARCALAYS BANK, 62 HIGH STREET, Post Medieval BANK (FINANCIAL) SS99347469
COWBRIDGE
19500 COWBRIDGE COMMUNITY COLLEGE;OLD Post Medieval COLLEGE, HOUSE SS9930374714
HALL, HIGH STREET, COWBRIDGE
19489 OLD BREWERY MEDIEVAL TOWN HOUSE, Post Medieval TOWN HOUSE SS99337474
COWBRIDGE
28015 WESTGATE 4 Post Medieval DWELLING SS99227474
28016 WESTGATE 21 Post Medieval DWELLING SS99127481
28095 WOODSTOCK HOUSE;HIGH STREET 83 Post Medieval HOUSE SS99287474
28096 WOODSTOCK HOUSE BOUNDARY WALL Post Medieval BOUNDARY WALL SS993747
19516 OLD MASONS ARMS;HIGH STREET, 66, Post Medieval PUBLIC HOUSE SS99267472
COWBRIDGE
19764 POPLARS, TOWN MILL ROAD Post Medieval HOUSE SS99417450
19880 ROSE COTTAGE Post Medieval HOUSE SS99327458
19008 HIGH STREET, 48, COWBRIDGE;DUKE OF Post Medieval PUBLIC HOUSE SS99427468
WELLINGTON
19009 HIGH STREET, 50, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval DWELLING SS99417466
18331 CHURCH STREET, 6-7, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval HOUSE SS9937674637
307612 COWBRIDGE TOWN WALLS Post Medieval TOWN DEFENCES SS99397469
37509 COWBRIDGE GRAMMAR SCHOOL Post Medieval OUTBUILDING SS99347456
310087 WESTGATE, 24, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval HOUSE SS99127478
18996 HIGH STREET, 23, COWBRIDGE;TAYNTON Post Medieval HOUSE SS9953974658
HOUSE
18997 HIGH STREET, 27, COWBRIDGE;WHITE LION Post Medieval PUBLIC HOUSE SS99527466
INN
301845 CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval CHURCH SS99397459
18999 HIGH STREET, 30, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval HOUSE SS99497464
18572 DUKE INN (THE), HIGH STREET(S) Post Medieval PUBLIC HOUSE SS99437467
17998 BEAR HOTEL/ INN, THE;63 HIGH STREET, Post Medieval HOTEL SS99387471
COWBRIDGE
19000 HIGH STREET, 32 AND 34, COWBRIDGE;GREAT Post Medieval DWELLING SS99487467
HOUSE
9218 RAMOTH BAPTIST CHAPEL (RAMOTH UNITED Post Medieval CHAPEL SS99157485
FREE CHURCH), WESTGATE, COWBRIDGE
18994 HIGH STREET, 20, COWBRIDGE;ROYAL OAK Post Medieval PUBLIC HOUSE SS99527463
INN
309412 OLD BREWERY; MALT HOUSE LANE Post Medieval BREWERY SS99337475
BREWERY; COOPERS LANE BREWERY,
COWBRIDGE
309413 VALE OF GLAMORGAN BREWERY, HIGH Post Medieval BREWERY SS99447471
STREET, COWBRIDGE
307254 COWBRIDGE ROMAN SETTLEMENT Roman SETTLEMENT SS99447466
18920 THE HALL, HIGH STREET;OLD HALL 17th Century DWELLING SS99437467
19011 54 HIGH STREET;FARTHINGS OLD WINE Post Medieval HOUSE SS99377467
HOUSE, COWBRIDGE
19012 HIGH STREET, 58, COWBRIDGE;CAERCADY Post Medieval HOUSE SS99367469
HOUSE
19013 HIGH STREET, 60, COWBRIDGE 17th Century DWELLING SS99357469
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix III EV/COW2/16
19014 HIGH STREET, 77, COWBRIDGE;LLWYN CELYN Post Medieval DWELLING SS99317474
19015 HIGH STREET, NO. 81, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval TOWN HOUSE SS99307474
19001 HIGH STREET, 35-35B, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval DWELLING SS99497467
19002 HIGH STREET, 36-38, COWBRIDGE Post Medieval DWELLING SS99477465
19005 HIGH STREET, 40-42, COWBRIDGE 19th Century DWELLING SS99457465
18060 BOAR HOTEL? Post Medieval HOTEL SS99627458
19539 OLD TUCK SHOP, HIGH STREET Post Medieval DWELLING SS99437467
417648 HIGH STREET, 26, Post Medieval DWELLING SS99517464
414449 HIGH STREET, 20, COWBRIDGE 19th Century DWELLING SS99527463
28014 WESTGATE STREET 1-3;SPREAD EAGLE INN, 17th Century PUBLIC HOUSE SS99267475
EAGLE HOUSE; EAGLE ACADEMY
31908 TOWN HALL, HIGH STREET Post Medieval TOWN HALL SS99567465
33125 COWBRIDGE Multiperiod TOWN SS9949274656
32788 HIGH STREET MOUNTING BLOCK Post Medieval MOUNTING BLOCK SS99527465
31774 COWBRIDGE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, CHURCH Post Medieval GRAMMAR SCHOOL SS9936574590
STREET, COWBRIDGE
A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix IV Context Sheet Index
Site: Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No:

EV/COW2/16
Context Area Feature Description FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS
100 N Surface Concrete. 70mm
101 N Cut Cut for [102] into [108] under [119]

102 N Pipe 4” salt glazed
103 N Fill Indistinct occasional small chippings
104 S Deposit Black sandy soil
105 N Cut Cut for [106] into [108] under [119]
106 N Pipe Metal 20mm
107 N Fill Indistinct
108 N Deposit Grey black clay sandy deposit with coal flecks, 130mm
109 S Topsoil Black humic garden soil 200mm
110 N Cut Cut for [111] into [113] beneath [108] & [104]
111 N Pipe 4” salt glazed
112 N Fill Indistinct
113 N Deposit Dark grey clay/silt, with gravels and orange mottles
114 N Cut Cut for [105] into [113] & [116]
115 N Pit Angular limestone fill
116 N Natural Orange sandy clay from 530mm beyond bottom of trench
117 N Bedding Black gravel with coal, 70mm
118 N Surface Stone slab, 70mm
119 N Plaster Thin band of lime plaster 15mm
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix V EV/COW2/16
Digital photograph list
Photo no Date Camera L/P View Description Plate

DSC09449 14/09/2015 Sony F828 L SE Initial removal of Concrete surface [100] [108] with [109] to rear
DSC09450 14/09/2015 Sony F828 L S Initial removal of Concrete surface [100] [108] with [109] to rear. Pipe [101/102/103] central running south
DSC09451 14/09/2015 Sony F828 L V Salt glaze 4” pipe [101/102/103] and metal pipe [105/106/107] (bottom left
DSC09452 14/09/2015 Sony F828 L S TR1. [100] [117] [108] [113] with [110/111/112] right
DSC09453 14/09/2015 Sony F828 L NW TR1. Main sequence [100] [117] [118] [119] [108] [113] [116] cut by [114/115]
DSC09454 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L NE TR1. Main sequence [100] [117] [118] [119] [108] [113] [116]
DSC09455 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L S TR1. Main sequence [100] [117] [118] [119] [108] [113] [116] with manhole chamber associated with [110/111/112]
DSC09456 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L W TR1. Partial main sequence [108] [113] [116] with manhole chamber associated with [110/111/112]. Cut [110] through [116] evident (left)
DSC09457 15/09/2015 Sony F828 P NE TR2. General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116]
DSC09458 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L SW Relevant positions TR1 + TR2
DSC09459 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L W TR1. Detail of pit [114/115] cut into [113] [116] but under [100] [117] [118] [119] [108]
DSC09460 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L W TR1. Detail of pit [114/115] cut into [113] [116] but under [100] [117] [118] [119] [108] with scale
DSC09461 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L SE TR1. Plan position of manhole chamber associated with [110/111/112] and cut into [116]
DSC09462 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L V TR1. Plan position of manhole chamber associated with [110/111/112] and cut into [116]. Cut [111] shown (left)
DSC09463 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L SW TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116]
DSC09464 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L SE TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116] with pipe [103], cut [101] to [113]
DSC09465 15/09/2015 Sony F828 L NW TR2, General sequence [109] [104] [113] [116] with pipe 2 [101], cut [110] to [116]
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix VI WB/MON/15
Finds Index
Find no Area Context Description Period Date

1 TR1 111 2 clay pipes 18th/19th 15/09/15
1 sherd local earthenware
2 sherds local glazed earthenware
1 sherd Staffordshire slipware
2 sherds white china with blue decoration 19th
1 sherd white china 20th
2 TR3 113 1 sherd local glazed earthenware with possible slip 18th/19th 15/09/15
1 sherd porcelain with a cream glaze 19th
3 TR3 113 1 sherd green glazed Bristol Redcliff earthenware, with applied 13th, 14th 15/09/15
decoration
4 Soak 112 Horse skeleton
away
A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix VI FINDS EV/COW2/16
DSC09754
108 1

1 Tr 1 108 1 sherd fragmented glazed earthenware rim 18th 19th 22/03/16
1 sherd Dundee marmalade jar
1 clay pipe stem
1 sherd porcelain base 19th 20th
4 sherds blue and white china
1 belt buckle clasp
1 sherd china cup with decoration and gold lustre text 20th 21st
DSC09755
115 2

2 Tr 1 115 1 clay pipe stem 18th 19th 22/03/16
1 shard aqua blue glass 19th 20th
1 nodule amber flint
DSC09756
112 3

3 Tr 1 112 1 sherd slipware 18th 19th 22/03/16
1 clay pipe stem
3 sherds blue and white china 19th 20th
DSC09757
108 4

4 Tr 2 108 1 sherd Samian R 22/03/16
2 sherds glazed earthenware 18th 19th
DSC09758
115 5

5 Tr 2 115 4 sherds glazed earthenware, 1 a base 18th 19th 22/03/16
DSC09759
104 6

6 Tr 2 104 1 sherd green glazed earthenware 17th 18th 22/03/16
1 sherd slipware rim 18th 19th
1 sherd Staffordshire slipware
1 sherd white china cup handle 19th 20th

163: 22 Westgate Street, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Archaeological Evaluation

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163: 22 Westgate Street, Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan. Archaeological Evaluation

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DOCUMENT NO 307 April 2016

Pre-Planning Application No: 2016/00028/FUL

By: A.O. Phillips

The proposed work was identified as having a potential to impact upon

This report contains the findings of the archaeological evaluation.

Cover Photograph: DSC09458, Relevant positions TR1 + TR2.

1 Relevant positions TR1 + TR2

Appendix I HER 5229. Event

GGAT noted that:

and therefore advised:

that an archaeological evaluation be undertaken to consider the archaeological impact of

This document is the evaluation report on the work.

Site Location and Description

Geology and Topography

Brief archaeological and historical background

01069s – 7 Westgate Cowbridge

Aims and Objectives

This was to be realized through the following objectives:

Scope of the Work

All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.

All finds recovered were recorded to context and bagged.

Evaluation Trenches Results

The north west corner offered the following sequence:

[100] Concrete patio surface. 70mm

[104] Black sandy soil

The finds were returned to the owner.

Discussion and Interpretation

A secondary Archive will be deposited with Glamorgan Archives.

Bibliography and References:

WB/COW/15. Land adjacent to Vale Forge, North Rd Cowbridge. Archaeological

WSI: EV/COW2/16. Project Design for an Archaeological Field Evaluation, Two

Drawings: 1527-PO1-Ground & First Floor Plan Existing

Standard and Guidance for the Archaeological Field Evaluation. 2014.

Standard and Guidance for the Collection, Documentation, Conservation and

English Heritage 1991 Management of Archaeological Projects

Soulsby, I., 1983. The Towns of Medieval Wales, Phillimore.

Site Location Plan. Streetwise 15/JAN/2016.

WOC Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology.

Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992.

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Fig 01: Location

Central and western Cowbridge

The plots are based on documentation

FIG 02 Burgage interpretation for Cowbridge A.P.A.C. Ltd. EV/COW2/16

Proposed: WSI: EV/COW2/16 Actual: EV/COW2/16

Service pipe positions shown

Fig 02 Trench plan

HER Report 5043. Event Record

PRN NAME Event Contractor Period NGR

HER Report 5043. Core Record

PRN NAME Period Site type NGR

10325g Monnow Street No 106-108 Post M Building SO5053412589

HER Report 5229. National Monuments Record

NPRN NMRWNAME Period Type NGR

Site: Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No:

101 N Cut Cut for [102] into [108] under [119]

Digital photograph list

Photo no Date Camera L/P View Description Plate

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

Find no Area Context Description Period Date