Sect/on ZXX: of Inert/c

This material is copyright - all rights reserved.
Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007

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1124
Sect/on
Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)
Geometrical properties of plane sections
zyy =
Moments
of Inert/c
bh/4
= bh-'//2
bh3/S6
zxx
GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OP PLANE SECTIONS
base = bh2/IZ
Zyy = bh2/24
apex: bhTZ4
Geometrical properties of plane sections 1125
GEOMETRICAL PROPER TIES OF PLANE SECTIONS
'
Section Area Posit/on Moments Section
,f Centroid of Inertia Moo till
zxx = 47
•= = 1)7 4y = 0/095 d3
I 4=O•8204d2
.=o.S4Id = Zyy= 0/0/id3
).V
n s/des
O4l42o'
e=rR I/12
4 = n rZ tanO —
24
z=4
4.ns/n2e the ax/s and
(l2r4.")
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007
vclue a/n —
48
Regular Figure
AirrZ ru4
Z-y2--
ru
A=O•7e54d2
e=r* .Z O7854r4 Z=07854r3
Zyj.
I=0l098r4 bcs,025è7r
I
x_fI1x A/5708r2 .=O424r Zyyr0J927r4 cror = O/9O7,
ZrrO3927r3
A = .cL 'xx =
°'1XX/'x
ce. e) Ix
.
w O°—/80s1n 9 crown =
ex=eo—rca.1 1 =
rl,4vd0—
-__esin.e#siL
247
4,
T centre
—,• rrZ e fr
Ij,
C)
9,'
X0•
exyr iyy7sin.e) ttX
ZZyy
zo=f4(tzin.9) Zyy=——
u - y Fl/n/mw,, Values
\ .;3.A, / .O424r Xxx —z)7=o.o54a Zyy
rF. , ,z = 01963r4 = o •opssrs

A— e,,—Odr
X7 •0?O7r
ruu= OO7l4r ZW=O1009r3
'u .Tyv = 00J84/ Zyy OO4r
v
U,- ,V—ec ex=0777
U/n/mum Valets
= Zyy
TxX'Xyy=0007Sr4 z1
=
cv 1•098r 00097r3
A=O2/46r2 •(=O7O7P Zuu=OO12r4
Iy = iirt
V Zuu=O017r3
I' " ea=o•s,r
e,,=os,,r Zyy 00079r'
1126 Geometrical properties of plane sections
GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANE SECTIONS

Section Area Position Moments Section
of Cent1-ofo' of Inertia Modull
x
'—rj A=
*x0 Zxx07854b03 ZyO7øS4h
=b Zyy = O7854cb3 Zyy 07854d
—1--1---)fX
— F-btfy
XX -
.2. = 0.10 98b, = O2587ba"
4jJ
(I) j
X/ETX
..
i A=
•yb
Iyy = OS927ob
zxx - crown
= 0.19076,2
rb,,, = OJ927,), Zyy = 039270g
F— b -.1
- base
T Zyj.O0S49bø 01293bo2
Q b t1 'x°424 = O.0549cr63
- Cr0$)
A07654a6
, xf_(_x F--b
eg0424b
.
Zb,q,OlP6JbQ3 Zyr -base
— 0.1293,62
Z.0I963,b Zyy-cro
0.O9S3 062
-- ZXX-bQS,
= 0.03386,?
•=°•777° - apeX
x-f_1-1--x AO•2/46o6 = O• 00976,?
kI I 'y0777b OOO76ob
Zyy-bose
0.03380b?
Zyy-CpeX
a = O•0097o6"
I )..
2a
-6z'
02286bo"
00914bo Z-CroWn
j4_X A=4
I—b j-+-'-i 'V =
Zy= O2666t'bi
01524bc
lb,., = O•3048ba Zyy=O2666d
ZXX-IICSC
T j_..1C,
= 2o 1XX= OO4S7bo =011431102
- Cl•OWfl
A = Zcb Iyy = OOS96ob = 0.07db,?
x_!jI1x Zyy - base
i '= Ib,OlS24ba3
36 =OiOSSoôA
I- 6 t1T 111,C, = o. Zyy
= 00633o6"
Z-baSe
a tx.=00I76ba3 =O.Ose7,2
X •X = lO 47 = 0 0/25011 Z- qO.X
144
A -3- — Sb I,,,,O./SIba
j = 0 02526,2
Z. — base
4 bi , = 0• 2a
=0.OSob2
2)7 - apex
=0.0167,62
LI
(/(/ Z9y
L Z.tvvOO0s24i base
A = f "= 'v=! i, = jjjp4 002620
I roboIo\4
000dda
apex
Bending moment, shear and deflection 1077
CA NTIL EV&S
'iw
c b—4 a
L I' L -
Wx2
Wa
Mmax 7
Frjp Izçjg
cwrved—raight I—
° W(&+/8a2b+/2ab3b3)
24E1
dmaxfJ(' +Ja) _______________________
2W
___ I/A J/Q
a b— c— ____ ____
L. L
N
i aj
______
RAW
4.— curved .4strai'ht f_-
dnaxjx c/C /5(1

5b
umax. ,(/#
CA NTIL EV&S
'iw
c b—4 a
L I' L -
Wx2
Wa
Mmax 7
Frjp Izçjg
cwrved—raight I—
° W(&+/8a2b+/2ab3b3)
24E1
dmaxfJ(' +Ja) _______________________
2W
___ I/A J/Q
a b— c— ____ ____
L. L
N
i aj
______
RAW
4.— curved .4strai'ht f_-
dnaxjx c/C /5(1

5b
umax. ,(/#
1078 Bending moment, shear and deflection
CA NT/LEVERS
9 w I 2W
________L________ b
-I ________L 'I
M _T()_2] Mmax = w( 4)
i-.--— curved —H straight k—
1 IIi
llWp—j
°'C 60E1 W(2#SOo2b,4Oab2-H/b)
/SbI dmox 60E1
dmax Jf(i+ i7)
IA a b— a
L L s.j
Mx IX Mx = MC
M,,,x— P a
No shears
A[ I
1 N. B. For ant/—clockwise moments

the deflect/on is upwards.
—curved k—
fCU/hLk
SEX C 2E1
Sb'
d=E2'(,
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
w/z
IA B
T L L
RB
// —
T
N
R8
W
RA=RB T 94 R5
= S WL' Wa fSL2— c2j

"max 384 El dà,cx.= 96(1
_ 012
2°I'ZL/
2/ when x1—
ien .;—
RAfl\ 'RB
_______ RB
When xa
djmt2n(2n)d#n2(242m]
When xo
dmax j.j (8?_4Lb2#b3) d4where mx/L and naa/L
L 84
p8
M Mx = Wx( 2)
A4nqx. —O•/28WL — WL/6
when x,=0•5774L
II
= WIS
.x;. I R8
RA=RB =
RB 2W/S
4,dmcx Jdmax
0.0/304 wi! WL5
dinax 60(1
51
when x =05/PJL
AA'F
T.—a b
BA
-F a
L
"A B
I' 4 ('- 3J Ij x 2X2

"mar. Mx L"YLJ
Mmax' Wi/i2
A5
RR8 wft
j dc,s i,dmax.
d, ur=ëi(85,7aLL4c2L4I) —3iffk1
SIMPLY SUPPORT(O BEAMS

-
N yzW/a
,l. ti.
Lb
£k"\
M- '"cx. 6 Mmcx _(_m# 'j)
N iW,en x—
NRa
'A=B= W/2
Wm
R8 —
lOab# 5b2)
_____ RB
z_
RA[ when x= a/i—
— R8—w/2 _______IA
4/max.
B .7
dmxJi(/5a2#2Oabi'.5b2)

P p
1
L
pa
V A4nc P
M,,,— T
I I I I
I IB
'4—R8— . RA-R8-P
J/nax. J/nax.
°;nax.
PL3 -
a>c
"C ,,Ppib*Zc)
L
Pc(b#2a)
MD— L
I I
— Pb/L Po/L
P(b *)
LH
L
always occurs within Pot central deflection
00774 L of tfie centre of the beo,n odd the values for each P
When ba, derived from the formula
d PL3rsa Ia i7
centre 48E1L L (LII in the adjacent diagram.
This value is a/ways with/n
S % of the maximum value.
RAI
MC=ME
I
I
=P
Mmax r
dmax = 304(1
PL
/9 P1!
dmczx. 23PL3
648(1
dp
JB
A*C
MC Mf —
PL
MD
— — 2P
768(1
4/PL3
din ax. — SJPL
dinax.
Bending moment, shear and deflection
SPL
1083
SiMPLY SUPPOATED BEAMS

pp p p pPppPP P
A b F AB LA (n—I) forces B
'9
When n is odd.
MDME!fL Mmax —
(nL /) p1
When n is even.
MCfl Mmcx. — n. PL/8

R8
'4 B("')'%
A4 —A8 "2P
;,2'max.
6JPL
dmax. 1000E%
When n is odd
PL3 r i7r it /
When n /5 even
dmaxiuu,p4,. . nft_ :# )J
TOTAL LOAD
When n >10, consider the load uniformly distributed

The reaction at the supports = W/2, but the maximum SE
at the ends of the beam — W(n;/)11,AW
The value of the maximum bending moment — C. WL
The value of the deflection at the centre of the span — k.
Value otn A C k
2 0 250O 0.1250 O• 0/05
S
4
0.3333
03750
0/I/I
0.1250
00118
00/24
5
6
Q.4
04/67
01200
O•IZSO
0.0/26
OO/27
7 O4286 0/224 0•0/28
8 0•4375 0•1250 00/28
9 04444 0/236 00l29
/0 O•4500 0.1250 0•0/29
L '.1
A CI BA MA(,
a
L
+ b—I ___________'M8
1 MA
®M4>M5
MA
Al8
_ Al. GIL MC8 — Al . bIL Al4 1jt'—M8

(Al8 antic/ockw,M8
_________________ Shear diagram when MA "M8
PAl Va R4( Vs
Al4 — MB
A4 A5 M/L
As shown
M.cb 'a b'

dc-31 (zz) When M4M8.
ML2
For anti-clockwise moments dmcxaii —y
KiI
the deections are reversed ____________________________
2nd degree_parabola. W
L
'°1
Complement of parabola.
Mx -i (m4-2m#m) Mx (mJm2#4m1_2m4)
— Mmq .LfL
RAflJ R ______
/6
A4—R5—W/2 ,IA_R8_W/z
dmqx
a'maz — 61WL3 dmax —

28W1
w unit /oao'
/W.unFt /oaoç
C A 0 B CADBfl
L NH A5
- MA=MB=-
RD
L,
AAI
—4..',,
rTA
_
d4f(
RA=RBWN
dc=o_4(jn3,Ln2_ i) fC
(s-)
wL2 N
/6(1
Where
boo w— unit
/W.unit
CiA
-HNI
BAD
'1QH- L
0 BE
—j O•5774L
IQH
L
_4J4 A
Max. upward deflection is at 0.
NIA
___ W(L#N)(LN)
m.x/L ,,1.N/L
8(J/LT—/N BEAMS
1p1/W wI2 W12
H
-- b-
L -4
WL
MA=MB
EN
WL
MC
4B WI? = = w/2
—.10g/L .—O s8L—.12/L p—
____ I /dflfl
= WI! -J Wa / I
384(1 vinax=4f% (L—OJ

'-jvl
V4—a-4..—b- "+ c—4 'Ak—- L— -
in
MA
MA,b [e(4L-Je)- c 31'4L —Jc)] MA=-.in (Jnr"—em+o)

B,bLY4t--7°" (4L —saj M8_ jrn2 (4-3m) ,'Mmax
RA 'L,,2( 3si,)
/2
k—x- When x=2(n,3—2m42)
2
When r is the support reaction
M-M
sinp/e
M-M
A4 L _r3# L RA = W(m-2) 8 = Wm(2-m)
2 2ri,
dna.
u
When a=4/2 and x1=O-445L
When a = c. WI!
.Ey(L3#2Lba #4Lc?—8a) 3JJ(%
WI!
c/C =
384(1
B/JILT-/N BEAMS
LA L
8 A C ___
M
MA ___________M8 MA V NMB
- WL 7/Qx 9x ) M- SWL
#Mmax WL/233 N5Qn x=OS5L MWL//6

MA = —WI//S M8 =— WL/iO
-
RB
R8
R=O.SW R8=O7W RA=RB=W/2
—4J•22LF—O S6L —Ø22L
WI! — 1.4W!!
max. - 384E1
when x, = 0• 525L
W/2 2W/L HI'a
La- b—+_aJ
L—4 ____C
F I.
MA M8 (SL44aL_402) MA = M8 -WL//6
M=WL/48
R8 W/2 A = R3 W/Z
JRB
. L/2 —H ¼
O-WL3
364(1
B(//LT-/N BEAMS
2W/a
fwTw/a
L ____ L
b
MAV NMa
MA MA =-J'2(Jo/obL)
M3
mAC.
Mx =P.X+M3- 2W(x.-bP
InCB.Mx RB.X#M5
AB W/2
A = (/OL—sLa42a)
____ I /d____
____ , prO,,
2
4 —
dmax = Wa /
-Y HJ
W/2
—a I
W/a
b
L
-f
W/2
I.
W
L
b
.1
1NMB MA
MB
MA Maz_R(4L_3a) MA — _!10L_15#502)
M3 _lOL2(5L4t
= = W/2
= (/oL-/sLa'#8a)
R = '/5L —ec)
dmax = (/SL—Ma)
BUILT—/N BEAMS
parabolic total /oao W con,c*ment
parabo/p
JM8 MAV NMB

A -M5=-WL//O Aq rM8i.._WL/2O
JRa
'!4 W/2 RA R8 W/2
F4axJ d,,, 384E!

1.3 WL3 O•4WL3
dma 384 (2'
r
Any symmetrical load W
A ______
symmetrical diagram
rA
2br
a rb
2 -2br----—-
NMB
aab r&_
MA = M8 —A,JL
where A5 is the area of the 'free'
bending moment diagram
CM. f(Ja—L)M8c -M(3b-L)
When
A
RB '4I
A =R8 = W/2 = P8 = slope of moment diagram
M#M M#M
Eab
- - I The fic.re shown
A, is ha/f the bending
* + moment diagram
fr- X, - C 1* and +7
H-X--- LareC.GI When '2/L = in,
A5x —AIX1 M. L2m2(/_m)2(1_2m)
lmaxatC ZET 2E%
Where A' is the area of the fixing For ant/clockwise moments
moment diagram reverse the deflect/ons
BUILT—/N BEAMS
p p
L/2 L/2 I-.

F. L
b 8JJ
MA L—' Al5 MA LZ EEE3 M8

- MA = - M5 = M = PL/8 MA=- M5 = —
2Pa2b
_______
__________ Mc 1!
A1_____ _____ A__________
= = /,,2 =P (iT) (I#2 *)

1Q8 = z
4mcx p9
dinax = /92
I.— X
dC—
— __
Po3b3
El
d _ZPa2b3 WñQnX=
"3EI(3L2a)2 JL-Za
p p p p
MA—MB—
Pa MA/ \MB
- __Pa(L-q) MA=MB=_JPLh6
L
MC MD = P02,'L MC =MD =
RAfl
LJ AI I
PA=P'P
II
dmax PL
= /30(a)7
BUILT—/N BEAMS
p
______
fA C
P
D
p p
Irg
'.—L/y —1--L/j —.—L/j. l,L/3 P.-L/3L2
MA MB MA LF- 5N M8
MA =M8 = — 2PL/9 MA =M = —/9PL/72
MC =MD = PL/p MD =1/
AL I
PArJ__LJA
RA = JP/2
S PL3 4/PL3
dmax 548?1
p pp PPpp
II
A C D +
£ +
BL 34C D E 1I
PB
L/4--L/4 L/4 L/4 L/L/4 +L/4 +L/4 4L14
MAVNMB MAL/L NEiNMB

MA=MB =r—SPL/,6 MA =M3=—I/PL/j2
= JPL/15 MD = Mf = SPL/32
2P
— PL3
dmax —
96(1 max. = 96(1
BUILT—/N BEAMS
p pp p ppppppp
A CVt
L/5 +Lg +L,/s+L4
P 4 (n-i) forces
I I
B
sôcev,naLJ,
MAMALNMB
M52PL/5
MA P1,'/)
MA=MB=—
MD wM — PL/5
AArL
HJ
'A B=2'°
-
Y1F,ennisoø6 ,I / /
dmax.=1000
13PL3
El
Cimox 114-4c (,ji
Whennis even,
EfIiiiitiIII
•:.:i••
COLUMN
LOAD PER SA4NW
O...o.&. ,.
n CONTINUOUS BEAM
}d L/n#-+-L/n4L/n+-L/-#L1-+-44
L
4;.' •O4•4•.
-
L. - When n >10, consider the load .nitorrrdy oYstiibuted
The load on the outside stringers is carried c'/rect/y by the supports
The continuous beam Is assumed to be horizontal at each support
The reaction at the supports for each s,oan = W/2. but the maximum
shear force in any span of tM continuous beam = V/J.IAW
The value of the fixing moment at each support = — B. WL
The value of the maximum positive moment for each span = C. W4
The value of the maximum deflection for each span —0'0O26
Value ofn A B C
2 02500 00625 0•0 625
3 0•3333 0074/ 00370
4 03750 0078/ 00469
S 04000 0-0800 0•0400
6 04/67 Qc// 0•0439
7 04286 0O8/5 00408
B Q•4375 00820 00 430
9 04444 00823 004/3
10 04500 00825 00425
PROPPED CAN T/L(VERS
/w W
A C B ___ a C
-f-b
MA
3L/8 - MA =— f (2n)2wñere a/Ln

= —WL
--- C—
— 9W!.
#Mmax
RA -n (4-n)]
—--_J P8 1
P3 =f RAi4J[8n2(4n)]
x/Lm P3 Hn2( fl)
LA'max.
d=j(m —Jm3#2m) dC(/_I2n#7n2_n)

dmax.— WL3
- ____
/W
A C B BA
L
b .f- c—.J
Web L°'
MA
'P MA7tS
MA=— MA =— d2-c2)(29c2_c12)
AI
J2 (o - n 2)
-____
L R8=r5—
= f (n'-n-pi.e) Where and r3 are the simple
support reactions for the beam
(MA being considered positive)
a, d=J42/n3(3n?-6b5
When x a.
dj[2p4—p3n (n-6n,'.8)+
_________ pn2(jn2_8n #6)]
PROPPED CANTILEVERS
W/2 W/2
1'
CU BA
—f— a -H
L
MA
if = % then between B and U.

MAZ_ —H X/L = m
1027SLf x
Al,. = ftx4xa(4 -Sm+Zm9]
+M,n0x. when x=I'4Jm#2rn2, Mx(2Qm'—27m#7)
A 7WL '''max.—
—20)
=0 67L]
'9:4
RB
Vx i(9_rn2)
= (2i."#soi. 42) A PB =
p8 = (2L2_30L#40')
- OO0/WL3
El
When x=0•598L
W/? W/2
-L
RB
MA
3WL
MA
#MmaxO0454 WL
[When x 0 283L]
=4W
T RB = * p_L
A- /3W
B - 32
- 0•0047WL'
dmax (I —ii
When x=O•447L When x=0404L
PROPPED CANT/LEVERS
a
_____
L
C BA
A a _____
iR8 L A5
___S___
I
0•577b
0/28 Wa
MA
MA
_________________ JL
BQt we en
CandA, Mx=R5.x-j!('x-b) M5=R5.x -
=_ j9(si.2_j,2)
(JaL/5aL#2OL2)
#Mmox when xb# fI/-
___ RAt NJR5

A8 =('5L —a) = 9 (si!—,/)
W P5 A8 = (t+SaL2)
2W
2W W
__________
C
____________ -
____ a " b—' 4—a______
.. L b____I
L R3
H0577aH 0/28 Wa
f—x —
Wab
H042Jb—
MA
When ,n=a/L 2
3m#2 I
MC=AB.b MA=_f/0L2-3b2)
Between AandC RA I
=RAW52/a2
_______________
}.—x--H \ IRS
Between C and B \
N
I
Vx=RA_Wrc24Z
A8 = '('/SL —4a) A3 = [L(//L -/S,i#(5L- a)]

RA=W-RB RA=W-RB
PROPPED CANTILEVERS
W.iw4,
fAA 51 CD
1. L
I Wa2
M5=—2M— F
c-'3'L
8TN
.jwap
d0 WL4f2(ep#4?q#dp3(p#i)J
- Omax. —
54(1
IJA
'1. L
8+ CD
1.
M
'1
84 'C 0
—-Pa M3 -2M4 =—M

=
4I
q
Tfl
- 8 =-
— dmax I0'O
Ido
= j4p2,pq#Jp #Jq) a#b)#a2(2# VJ
d,n0x '-dmax"
27(1
PROPPED CANT/LEVERS
W/2
+
AB na/L *7/q
Wa
MA _—4(2L_a) MA=— f-(4L—3a)

W'?Qn X< a,
tl =(9,r?x —/2nx# /2x— 4xg2)
+Mmax occurs whQn
A r—\
NB
A -(4L?#ZaL— az) (4L2 #4aL—JoT
R8 W—
W
I w
a —+—b —+-—a —4
L kO.4/SLtq
—L——-——--R8
MA7Z
I—
MA
#MmaxOO948 WL MArn (5L2+40L—4G2)
A4fl R, RAI\ I '?&
32 A Bj A477(2/1!#4aL 4a2)
/ A8
—
PROPPED CANT/LEVERS
!F051
coIr4oleraQnt of parabola
SWL — SWL
M .('/Om-ZOm#7m) Mx =(-4om+8om-om4I7m)
#My,OO888WL,when X #Mmax*O0399WL,whQn x —
0 •3965L 02343L
A6
7W
B—
MA
MAW-' lz' ,nax.MA-O./93PL

wMn baO577L
M=('Z-# p)maxA1-0./74PL
1•• —
A5
F9 7PL
7(%
dmax'OOOPJ2
ft3
A3=f3b#2L) RAPR5
PROPPED CANT/LEVERS
Pp P
'4
ACDE
¼+V4+L/4 +-/4
MA MA
MA = — ISPL
D "E7
/7PL JJPL
PAL
4P 2P P AJ3 J2
Lj
dx 00152
dmax00209 zr
P P P P PP P
AC D EB* .4C DEFBA
L/L/3 Lb
MA MA
/9PL
MA=— 48
M0 -.96
M ....SJPL
£ 288
dxOQ/69 0nczx. — O.OZdS

PROPPED CANILEVEPS
pppp P PPPP Pp
D E F19 forces B
L/4tL/4tL/44L/
MA
JSPL
MAE7ZTJ
PL(,,?l)
MA=— -— MA= 8n
Ad /S7PL
rT(— 5/2
P8
RAEL (5n2-4n-i)
RB = (34z_4fl#/)
whennis
GO•OZZl !or9e, dmax. /85(1
Any symmetrical load W
JA ____
I.
AreaR L AreoS'B
a=L
MA
VAr000 X
M-
If AArea of free B.MDiagram ® _r—
a>O423L
cO423L
a< O423L
A8
M1 9(2_6n#sn')
P82
=!—
L MCA (2— 6n# Pn?3ni
-Sn
It'B
dmax occurs at point corresponding L
to Xon M diagram, the area A In Case!, R — SM/ZL
being equal to the area 0 CaseS, A= M/L
Vmax = Area SXx
1102 Bending moment and reaction
EQUAL SPAN CONTINUOUS BEAMS

UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Moment = coefficient x W x L
Reaction coefficient x W
where W is the UD.L. on one span only and L is one span
W\ —OO6J
0•096
W, —0.100 VA —0100 VA
ooeo O•OZS o 0080 0
o — — o
W 0.0s0 W
0•101 0101
o 0 0 0
o.o5o W\ 0.o50
0075
—0•117 W\
0073 0054
o "II 0
0072 0.06/ 0•098

ol
—0036 W. —Q./07
______________ 034
0054 0056
00P4
VA _______________
— 0049 W1 —0054
0
6
#00/4
0074
0 01 0
Bending moment and reaction 1103

CENTRAL POINT LOADS
Moment coefficient x Wx L
Reaction = coefficient x W
where W is the Load on one span only and L is one span
1W
1104 Bending moment and reaction

POINT LOADS AT THIRD POINTS OP SPANS
Moment = coefficient A' Wx L
React/on = coef/cIenf x W
where Wis the total boo' on one span only a L is one span
'Yz Wiz Wk "lz
Influence lines 1105
Influence lines for bending moments — two-span beam
0123456789101112L7141516/7/8l9ZO
I I I I I I I I II I III I
I,
I
I I Influence line for
I I 1
point /
IIII
0 00060000000000ÔÔ0000
I Influence line for

I ___________ point 2
0 Qoooo
00 OOÔôOÔôoO 0000000000
Influence line for

point S
0 0 0000 00 000 0000 000000
Influence line for

point 4
0 0 0000 00 000 0000 000000

1106
0 0 0 0
0 0-0/3 0-025 0-038
0002 0.026 0-05/ 0-076
0-006 0-042 0-079 0-1/6
0.0/3 0-061 0-I/O 0-158
0.025 0-084 0-144 0-203
Influence lines
0-043 0-1/3 0-182 0/52

0-069 0/48 0-127 0./os
0•102 0-090 0-077 0-064
0-046 0-040 0-034 0-028
0 0 0 0
0-034 0-030 0-026 0-02/
0-058 0-050 0-043 0-036
0-07/ 0-062 0-053 0-045
0-077 0-067 0-058 0-048
0-075 0-066 0-056 0-047
0-067 0-059 0-050 0-042
0-054 0-048 0-04/ 0-034
0-038 0-034 0-029 0-024
0-020 0-018 0•0/5 0-0/2
0 0 0 0
O.f)
-I -
012J455789101112L714/5/6/7/81920
I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I
j/\IIII,I :r9ce line for
000000000000000000 000
Irne for
\IIIIIII/\,_7/
006 00 00 0000000 0000 000

Influence lines for reactions and shear forces — two-span beam
Influence line for

React/on at A and
S.F envelope for
span AB
0 P...
-6ô6ó66óóóo6óóóóóóó6o Ord,natesof/ine
A
B
/i for
Reaction at B
ooooôoooóoóô6ooooooo
1108
0 0 0 0 0
0-037 0-075
0075 0/00 0./SI 0/25
0-135
0200 0•/60 0-080
••'•' 0-103 0-082 0-04/
Influence lines
0-062 0-049
0027 0-022 0.0/I
-0
0.008
0-032 0026
0.0/S
0040 0-0/5
0-038 o.ojo
0026 0-020 0-rio
00/3
0-008 0-006 0-003
0 -0
0
0•006
0 0-003 0-002
== 0-00/
0-0/0 / oo,o 0-007 0-005
00/3
0-005 0-003
0•0/3
0-009
0009
0-0/0
0-007
0-008
0.007o.oos 00040 004
=
0-002
0007 0•004 0-005 0003 000/ 0-00/ 0-00/
00040002
0 0 0 0 0 -
0-,
S. -
I
0 0•026 -0 0 0 0
0.05, 00/2 0024
-0-026 0-00I 0024 0-039
0.090 0-100 :- 0-04/ 0036
0-040 0.008 0-020 0-080
0-032 0-038 0/09 0-144 0
- 0-0/I o.o "I
0077 0-046 4.0-098
:0 0049 0-043 0038 '0
0 0
0-039 0035 0-03/ 0-027 —
0064 0-058 0-045 0038 0023
0-077 0054
0072 0'069 0064 0062 0-056 0048 0-046
0-075 0-068 0-060 0-055 0-045
0-064 0-058 0-045 0-038
0-049 0044 0-039 0-029
0•032 - 0026 0022 0-034 0-0/9
0-0/4 - 0-0/2 0-011 0009
0 0 0 0 0
00/0 0-009 0-008 0-007
0•0/9 0-0/7 0-0/5 0-01/
0024 I 0-022 0_Of, 0-0/4
0-026 4.- 10-023 0-0/8 00/7 0-0/6
0-025 I 0-023 .002/ 0.020 0-0/8 0.0/s
0-022 10.020 0-0/8 0.0/s 0-0/3
0-0/8 0-0/6
/0.0/2 0-0/0 0-0/4 0-009 0-0/2 0-008
-0-007 0-006 0006 0-005 0-004
0 0 0 U
01. Oi.
'1
o'I oh
'1
I
Influence lines
1109
1110
0 0 0-0/6
0 0 023 S.
0
0-0/0 00/3
00/9 0028 0025 0032 0-046 0047
0064 &
0034 0045 0-056 ,0-079
0•038 o.o 0
0-038 005/
Influence lines
00640059
0089 0-083 1
039 0-067
0029:: 00480029 0040
0
0038 0053
0023 0-086
( —"a
0-087 0-14/ 0-004

0/28 4 00/8
0./is 0-025
0-128 0-05/ 0-026
0•087 0-022 '4—
0052 0-035
// 0-0/8 00I5
0-023 0 0-007
0 0 0 0 0 "Jo
0-0/8 0-0/2 0 0-005 '—'I',
0-029 0-0/9 0-0/0 0-006 0 0-009
0-036 0-024 0-0/2 0 0-0/2 '"'a
0-038 0-038 0025 0-025 0 o.ois
0-0/3 0 1'4- "a
0-034 0-0/2 0 0-0/f
0028 0-0/8 0-009 0 0-009 —It'.'
0-0/9 0-0/3 0006 0 o '7 0-004
0-006 ( C)0OJ 0
0 0 0 0 0
'b
O_%
3. Q.,,
— -
Q- O
., ., i q
S. -
.-
. 3_
-0-I
Influence lines for reactions and shear forces — three-span beam

o 2 4 6 8 /0 /2/4 /6 /82022242628 JO
/ 3 S 7 9 II /3 /5 /7 /9 2/23252729
I I _____ Influence fine for

reaction at A
iI,BII
C
S.eenve/ope for
span AB
booooooooooooooo
'0 0000000000 Ordinates of line
0\a 0000 0000

:o00000o000ooo00
(BC!)
Influence Irne for

react/on at B
0
oooo-o0ooooo00o
oôóôô-óoôoooóooo
if Q
S.ee,welope for
span BC
p
00
ooooooooooooooo Ordinates of line
A BECD
0 0 0Ô0-00 00000 000

1112
0 0 0 0-027
00/6 0-020 - 0•023 -
0-0J2 0•045 0-052
o.o4s 0-055
0-056 0•077 - 0.073
0-075 - 0088 0-lot
0-064 0.096
0-059 0.07/ 0•00 084
Influence lines
0-048 0077
0•029 0.034 O•0d70 0046
0 - 0 0
0-038 0-046 0•054 '_) $ 0-038
0-102 0•019 / 0•0d3Q 076
0.14/ :- o•o 0•004 -

0-104 0-043 / O•018 0-079
0•074 - 0-025 0•024 -I 0-074
: 0•0dJ
• (V
0.002 - 0-03/
0-007 :- c 0•0/4
0
:
0.009
0.0/I
0.0/0 -- 0.0090005
0.0/I
0•0/0
0-017
0•02/
0•02/
0-0/0 -- 0-0/0 0-020
0-009 - 0•009 00/7 0•0/3
0-007 — 0-007
0-004 00040-002 0009
0•002 0-004
0 -- lJ0 0•00l - 0-003
0-002
I - ' 0•002 -
- '60.005
0 - . 0006
0 0•007
0.003 0 0007
- 0•003 i0 : 0006
0 0-002 0 0.00J
0-O2
000/ 0 - • O.0020c,,,
0
'0
0 0 0.010
0 -
0.0/2 0025
0.0220018 0.03304)27
0.024 0.050
0025 o.o
0•0/8 o.0 0•017 04)380047
0.023
0 0 0
04)23
0.0J40O5 0.05/ O.06800

0•084 0Il4
0.08700 O•126 0I6S
0.122
0163 O•126 o•o8e0'24
01/2 0.059
o•oso°4)85 0•034
0•029
0 0
0•021
00S4 0.02600/6 00/7
o•o 0•02/
o.o4J004 0032 0•02/
0•040 oo
0.0260w 00/7
0026 •oo
00l3 0•009
0008 0•0Od 0•004
0 0 -0
0•006
0010 0•008 2 o.o°°°
0.0/3 0.009
0•0/4 010 QQQ7O•006
0.0/3
0•0/2 o•oop°°10 0•007
0.0070010 o.oos04)7
0.004
00030.002
0 -0
Influence lines
1113
1114
0 0 0
G007 0004 0
O•0/4 ', 0.0060003
0.007o.o,o 000/ 0008
00240.027 00/4 000/000, 0•0/0 '
0•0/4 000/ fr$ 0.0/i I (' o
00270.026 0•0/3 0•00/ 0.0/i '1
002/ 0•0/I lb
Influence lines
0•0/2 0006 0•00/0 0009

0 0 0
0•0/6 0•008 0 0•007
0034 00f7 0 0•0/7 : "
0069 0.03.00•025 0•009 00480•030

008Z' 002/ 0072
( 0•10/ ..f
=0•065 0,0830l38
0042 0•05/ 0•044 0036
0 0 0 0 r.JO
0•042 003/ 0026
0069 0•05/ 0043 Fs.jt'J
00860083 00640•062 00540•0S2 rb
0080 0•060 0•050
0069 0•043 'i°
00J4°
00/6
?,o.oai°°
0•0/0 r,1lb
(0 'o '(.1
0•008 c.0
002/ 00/2 ' 0•0/3 ;::;k:
0•026
0•027 0.0/7 0•0/6 $
0027 0•0/7
?00/5 00/2 '-'
'10
00/4 0020
-b 0024 b0 bO•009 '(.I
o 0007 0004 °
•0 0 '
Influence lines for reactions and shear forces — four-span beam

2468/O/2/4/6/82022242t5283032343638
IIIIlI?IIitIIlIIlIiIIII!IIliItlI]jj_
/ 3 5 7 9 II /3 /5 /7 /9 2/ 232527293/ 33353739
77 _
0099•
_
ôOóo-OÔo0o 0000Ô000 ' 00
1
0 00 Ô 0 -. 666006060 0 66600
—o - —.
Influence line for react/on at B

F
I
r4 iOOO O)
00
00
óôooôóóoô ôóoôóôôô 66 'q
a
00 b
000000000000000000000 0900
F Liwe/ope for span B C. Ordinates are for line A BFCOE
S.
00 66666660 00000060 oo
6666060060
006 6006060 ..Influence line for reaction at C
1130 Formulae for rigid frames
Frame I
8 c
Coefficients:
k '2 h
Al 0
L
N1=k÷2 N2=6k+1
FRAME DA rA
w per unit length

I II liii lit II
c
I
Al 0 HA
wL2 wL2
M4=MD=jrN MBMCr —2M4
wL2 wL
= H0 =
Mmaxj+MB VAVDy
wi! wi!
/6
L4
#DH0
MA4' V0
wL2rI 11 11 wLZI2
MA=y[-] MB[+gJ
MD[+j Mc=[gj
wL2rl 11 wL2I2
= - V0
wLf
11
I wL
H4 = H0 =
wL2
V0 v4
14-N-J
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' II. Auflage Berlin— Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Soka.
Formulae for rigid frames 1131
-
VA
wh2I k+3 4k÷11 wh2r k 2k'

MA=---[-------j MB=-[-+J
k + 3 4k +11
wh2 [ r k 2k' wh2
MD=---+--J MC=T[N_j
wh(2k+3)
_______ — wh2k
HA=—(wh—HD) VA=—VD
8N1 LN2
h-Pc
IA
M,f
Hj+
MA4'
V0
Constants: a1 =
a
=b
X1 =[1 +2b1k—3b(k÷1)] Pckai(3ai —2)

3Pcka1
N2
M4=+x1_(çcx3) MB=+X2+X3
IPc
MD+Xl+(_X3) Mc+X213
— — ___
HA_HDcJ÷h1_A'2 VD=2-2 VA=P-VD
M1=MA-HAa M2=MB+Hnb
Extract: 'KIelniogel, Rahmenformeln' II. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
181 IC
\j 1M2 M/V
MA4'
a b
Constants:
a1= b1=
Pc
Xj=V[1+2bik-3b(k+1)] x2= Pcka1(3a1 —2)
2N1
MA =MD +2b1k —3b(k + 1)]=2X
MB=Mc= Pcka1(3a1
N1
2=2X2
Pc + MA - MB
VA=VD=P HA=HD= h
MI=MA—HAa M2=MB+HDb
'8 C' 8#
T1 C)
IIL AHA DF1
4MD
VA
Constants: a1 = = 3Paa1k
N2
MA=-Pa+XI MB=Xl
MD=+Pa-Xl MX1
VA= -VD= 2X1
-y HA= -HD=
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
\ B
I- 7/
HA A$
MA=MD= + MB=Mc= -2MA
VA=VD=ç HA=HD=3--
C 8*
77
'I
Al D
Ph 3k+1 Ph 3k
M4 = - --.
--
MB = +
N2
Ph 3k+1 Ph 3k
MD= T N2
M
HA= -HD= V= - V = - 2M8
-z-
-o° b—
B\KC/
L
HA4*
-4-VMD
VA VD
Constants: a1 alL b1 = b/L

Pabr 1 b1—a11 Pab 1 b1—a11
____
M =—{+
MA=+—z-[— 2N2j
Mn+y{+ 2N2j
VA Pb1[1
Pabr 1 b1—a11
a1(bj —a1)1
N2 J
Mcy
VD=P-VA
2N2j
Pab{
1 11 —a11
2LhN1
3Pab
HA HD = _____
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin— Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
Frame II
Coefficients:
k-- 1 L
N = 2k +3
FRAME DATA
w per unit length

HA
I I
VA V0
MM wL2 wL2
M=-r- +MB
wL
VA = VD =
HA=HD= T
wI!
\r rr a
wL2
- /7
w per unit length
I'll
Cl
A
L11 HA A o H0
I t
V0
wL2
MB=Mc= -
3wL wL MB
VA=—- VD.-- HA=HD=- h
Extract: Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
So/rn.
tc"
H.— wper unit
height
L
hA
V0
wh2r k M
MBT[_+ i] H T
wh2F k
Mc_y_1J HA-(wh-HD)
wh2
V4=' -VD=
rpc -I
IiP C _-
-P-t
At'
I1 HAJA
'(4
D_HD
f
V0
a
Constant: a1 =
B1
MPcr(3a_1)k÷11
N j
HA=HD-
c[ N
M Pcr(3a—1)k
Pc
VD=1 VA=P-VD
M1= —HAa M2=Pc--HAa
Sohn.
rPc.1
IC
/12
H0
t t
Constant: a1 =
Pc(3a — 1)k
MB=Mc= N
HA=HD=Pc-MB
h
vAVDP
M1 = — H4a M2 =Pc — HAa
81
Pa
,4 .,...HA
f
I,4
M8McPa HA=Hfl=P
VA = - V1, - 2Pa
Moment at loads =
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin— Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
HA 0 H0
VA
1
V0
MB=Mc= VA = VD=ç
7-7LI
"A"D M
t
V0
/vf= M +
VA=-VD=- HA=-HD=-
I t
Pb
Mc
Pa
-Y.
Pab 3
MB
VA__T VD=T HA=HD=-----
Extract: Kieinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin— Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
c Frame III
Coefficients:
I', __
IA L
k '2 h
'S
'1
m=1+#
B — 3k + 2
f
C = 1 + 2nz
FAA/Pit DATA
K1=2(k+1 +m+m2) K2=2(k+,2)

R=qC-k N1=K1K2_R2
N2=3k+B
w per unit length

Vt
MA M wL2 k(8 1 5) (6 —
N1
MB—M — wL2 k(16±15)±2

N
wL2
M=-1-——M4 +mMB
-v ET
VA—
wL
HA—HE—
MA-MB
h
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin— Verlag 'on Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
w per unit length

IIIIIfIIIIII
\zfr
I,4
wL2 k(8+15#)+cS(6—)
2
Constants: *X_
N1
wL k(1 6+1 5q) + 42 wL2

13
N1 32N2
M4= +XlX3 MB= X2X3 ME= +11+13 MD= X2+X3
wL2
Mc -cU'1 -mX2
wL 2X3 wL ____
VE=j__L_ VA=---VE HA=HE='1Y2
S
X
Note that X, — and M are respectively half the values of MA (ME), MB (=M)
and M from the previous set of formu1 where the whole span was loaded.
w per unit
height
HA
MAI,4
Constants: — wf2 k(9+4)+(6+)

N
2• wf2 k(8+9)_2
N1
X3=8 4B+
N2
MA=-X1-X3 MB=+X2+(ç_13)
Iwfh
ME=-X1+13 MD=+X2_T_X3)
M --+X1+mX2
VA=-VE wfh(2+ç6) 213
2L
HE wfX1+X2
/ HA=—(wf—HE)
JL
-uI—
4MA
Constants: 11= -.
wh2 k(k+6)+k(15+16)+62
wh2k(9ç6 + 8#2 — k)
N1
wh2(2k +1)
8N1 2N2
Iwh2 \
MA=-Xl-X3 MB=+X2+---X3)
ME=-Xl+X3
M
wh X1+X2
V4VE+y wh2 2X3
HR-- h HA(whHz)
k-Pc- C
--
I'4 Vt
b
Constants:
a1 = b1
=
'1 =Pc[2q2(1 —3b)k] Y2—Pc[ç6C — (3a — 1)k]
Pc B—3(aj—b1)k
1Y1K1-Y2R
— 1Y2K2—Y1R X3=T.
2N1 2N1 N2
\ IPc
MA=-XI-X3 MB=+X2+-X3)
IPc \
MEX1+X3 MD+X2_(_X3) Mc+#Xi+mX2
MI=MA—HAa M2=MB+HEb
Pc-2X Pc X1+X2
L VA=P-VE HA=HE=- h
Extract: Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin— Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
NLMZ M2JV
H4A1i.
MA4'
Vt
a b
Constants: a1 = b1
Y1 =Pc[2ç62 —(1 — 3b)k]

Y2=Pc[ç6C+(3a — 1)k]
MA - ME - Y2R —
Y1K1 MB - MD - Y2K2 - Y1R
''1 LY1
M= -(Pc+MA)+mMB
'A'D'I)
Ti' Ti' U L7 Pc + MA — MB
11A'1E
M1 = MA HAa - M2 = MB + HEb
AHA
'4-'MA
VA
Vt
Constant: =Pa(B + 3b1k)

N2
MA=-ME=-Xl MB=-MD=Pa-Xl M=O
r a—
VA=-VE==--2------j HA=-HE=-P
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Au/loge Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
-r
I I1A4N#
3PL(k+2kç6+46) 3PLkm
MAME— 4N1
MB=Mn= 2N1
M- s6M4 + mMB V4 = VE =P/2
-
H4 = HE = M4 MB
L4iJA
Constants: — 3Pf(k +
2#k + c)
__________ A'2 = 3Pfrnk =PhB
2N1
'Ph '
M4=-X1-X3 MB=+X2+---X3)
ME=-Xl+
Ph Mc(+Xi+mX2
MD=÷X2_(-.--X3)
VA=-V EL Ph—2X3 P X1+X2
HE=- h HA=-(P-HR)
A HA
_
I'4
M4M PhB
MBMD+ 3Phk
MO
VA=-VE= P(h+f)+2M4
L
HA=—HE=-1'
2
Extract: 'Kielniogel, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
Frame IV
Coefficients:
k= Il. S
Lf
m=1 +
FRAME DATA
B=2(k+1)+m C=li-2m NB+mC

w per unit length

-L
\-
I t
VA
wL2(3+5m) wL2
MB=MD= 1 6N M=-- +mMB
MB
VA = VE =
—
HA-HE= -i;--
Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rabmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
wL2(3+5m)
MBMD= 32N rmMB
HA - HE - M8 r VE= wL
T VA = 3wL
N' per unit
Constant: Wf2(C+m)
8N
MB + +wfh
T M = — wf2 + mX
M=+Xç A'E wfh(1÷m)

2L
- Xwf
HA---
Xwf
H=-+-
Sohn.
f
ye
— wh2 2(B+C)+k wh2

+ MD
MD — — 8 N MB —
wh2
Mc = + mM,,
VA=-VE=- HE=_k2 HA=—(wh-HE)

H Pc
AIiM Df7
-uz
JA EVE
I t
ye
a
Constants: a1 = X=Pc B+C—k(3a—1)
N
MBPc-X MDX McmX
M1= —a1X M2=Pc—a1X
VE= VA=P-VE HA=HE=

Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rahmenfornieln' 11. Auflage Berlin— Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.
Pe1
a
Constant: a1 =
C+k(3a —1)
MR=MD=Pc. Mc -ç6Pc+mM
HA=HR=I)chMB VA=VEF
M1= —al(Pc—MB) M2=(1—al)Pc+a1MB
H4 (V.,jle
t
Vt
MB=-MD=Pa M=O
HA=-HR=-P VA=-VE=-
Moment at loads =
Extract: Kleinloge/, Rahmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
So/in.
'p
V C
HA
t f
PLC PLB
MBMDT. Mc+T.
VA = VE =ç HA = HE =
C -
8*
AV
D
M - Ph(B+C)
2N
Ph
MBPh+MD Mc2+mM1,
VA -VE= HA=-(P-HE)
8*
AVA
11 1
MB=.MD=+ç Mc0 VA=_VE=_! HA=_HE_ç

Extract: 'Kleinlogel, Rabmenformeln' 11. Auflage Berlin—Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst &
Sohn.

Sect/on ZXX: of Inert/c

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Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007

Geometrical properties of plane sections

Geometrical properties of plane sections 1125

GEOMETRICAL PROPER TIES OF PLANE SECTIONS

rF. , ,z = 01963r4 = o •opssrs

1126 Geometrical properties of plane sections

GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANE SECTIONS

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1077

dnaxjx c/C /5(1

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1077

dnaxjx c/C /5(1

1078 Bending moment, shear and deflection

i-.--— curved —H straight k—

1 N. B. For ant/—clockwise moments

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1079

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS

= S WL' Wa fSL2— c2j

"max 384 El dà,cx.= 96(1

1080 Bending moment, shear and deflection

I' 4 ('- 3J Ij x 2X2

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1081

SIMPLY SUPPORT(O BEAMS

1082 Bending moment, shear and deflection

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS

1084 Bending moment, shear and deflection

SiMPLY SUPPOATED BEAMS

MCfl Mmcx. — n. PL/8

When n >10, consider the load uniformly distributed

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1085

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS

_ Al. GIL MC8 — Al . bIL Al4 1jt'—M8

M.cb 'a b'

a'maz — 61WL3 dmax —

1086 Bending moment, shear and deflection

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1087

1p1/W wI2 W12

384(1 vinax=4f% (L—OJ

MA,b [e(4L-Je)- c 31'4L —Jc)] MA=-.in (Jnr"—em+o)

1088 Bending moment, shear and deflection

#Mmax WL/233 N5Qn x=OS5L MWL//6

W/2 2W/L HI'a

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1089

1090 Bending moment, shear and deflection

JM8 MAV NMB

'!4 W/2 RA R8 W/2

F4axJ d,,, 384E!

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1091

L/2 L/2 I-.

MA L—' Al5 MA LZ EEE3 M8

= = /,,2 =P (iT) (I#2 *)

1092 Bending moment, shear and deflection

MAVNMB MAL/L NEiNMB

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1093

1094 Bending moment, shear and deflection

PROPPED CAN T/L(VERS

3L/8 - MA =— f (2n)2wñere a/Ln

d=j(m —Jm3#2m) dC(/_I2n#7n2_n)

Bending moment, shear and deflection 1095

if = % then between B and U.

1096 Bending moment, shear and deflection

___ RAt NJR5