Supplementary Ex.

addition (to something) a thing that is added to something else

the latest addition to our range of carsan addition to the family (= another
child)
remark [countable] something that you say or write which expresses an opinion, a
thought, etc. about somebody/something
SYNONYM COMMENT
to make a remark
He made a number of rude remarks about the food.
writer author
A) Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 He didn’t need to write to his mum because she rang him.
2 We needn’t have taken so much luggage on our holiday.
3 You don’t have to water the plants this morning.
4 Arthur didn’t need to get the train because his brother offered to give him a lift.
5 She needn’t have come so early last night because the party didn’t start till ten.
B For each sentence, choose either "Needn't have" or "Didn't need to" to fill the spaces.
1. I needn’t have taken any money to the museum – I didn’t realize it was free to enter.
free without charge, free of charge, for nothing, complimentary
2. Sheilla needn’t have got a taxi to the party. I would have given her a lift in my car.
3. Oh, Mike , you needn’t have bought me anything for my birthday! A simple card
would have been perfectly acceptable.
acceptable welcome, appreciated
4. Today was the last day of school and we didn’t need to attend classes in the afternoon.
attend be present at, be at, take part in
Opposite miss
5. We went for a lovely walk in the woods yesterday. We took a huge picnic with us but
there was a café there anyway. We needn’t have taken anything!
6. Our boss told us we had an extra three days to finish the project so we didn’t need t so
hard.
7. You needn’t have said anything to Carla about the broken vase. She understood what
had happened anyway
C Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using one of these forms + the perfect
infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
1 Did you hear me come in last night? - No, I must have been asleep.
awake wakeful, sleepless
2 I wonder who broke the wineglass; it can’t/couln’t have been the cat for she was out all
day.
3 You needn’t have helped him. (You helped him but he didn't need help.)
4 I had my umbrella when I came out but I haven't got it now. - You must have left it on the
bus.
5 He can’t/coudn’t have escaped by this window because it is barred.
escape get away, run away
Opposite be captured, be imprisoned
 bar something (often passive) to close something with a bar or bars
All the doors and windows were barred.
6 I needn’t have given Ј10. Ј5 would have been enough.
7 I saw a rattlesnake near the river yesterday. - You can’t/couldn’t have seen a rattlesnake.
There aren't any rattlesnakes in this country.
8 He is back already. - He must have started very early.
start set off, set out
9 He returned home with a tiger cub. - His wife can’t have been very pleased about that.
10 I bought two bottles of milk. - You needn’t have bought milk; we have heaps in the
house.
heap [usually plural] (informal) a lot of something
There's heaps of time before the plane leaves.
(North American English) I've got a heap of things to do.
11 I phoned you at nine this morning but got no answer. - I'm sorry. I must have been in the
garden.
12 I left my bicycle here and now it's gone. - Someone must have borrowed it.
13 When she woke up her watch had vanished. - Someone must have stolen it while she
slept.
14 I've opened another bottle. - You needn’t have done that. We've only just started this one.
15 The machine said, 'You weigh 65 kilos,' and I said, Thank you.' - You needn’t have said
anything.
16 I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right! - He can’t/couldn’t have
understood you.
17 Perhaps he swam across. - No, he can’t/coudn’t have done that; he can't swim.
18 Do you remember reading about it in the newspapers? - No, I must have been abroad at
the time.
19 He can’t/couldn’t have walked from here to London in two hours. It isn't possible.
20 He was very sick last night. - The meat we had for supper can’t have been good.
COULD and WAS ABLE
1 He was very strong; he could/was able to ski all day and dance all night.
2 The car plunged into the river. The driver was able to get out but the passengers were
drowned.
plunge [intransitive, transitive] to move or make somebody/something move
suddenly forwards and/or downwards
+ adv./prep. She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death.
The train left the track and plunged down the embankment.
plunge somebody/something + adv./prep. The earthquake plunged entire
towns over the edge of the cliffs.
3 I was a long way from the stage. I could/was able to see all right but I couldn’t/wasn’t
able to hear very well. (2nd verb
negative)
4 We were able to borrow umbrellas; so we didn't get wet.
wet damp, moist, soaked, drenched
5 Were you able to walk/Could you walk or did they have to carry you?
6 I had no key so I couldn’t/wasn’t able to lock the door. (negative)
7 I knew the town so I was able to advise him where to go.
8 When the garage had repaired our car we were able to continue our journey.
9 At five years old he could/was able to read quite well.
10 When I arrived everyone was asleep. Fortunately I was able to wake my sister and she let
me in.
11 The swimmer was very tired but he was able to reach the shore before he collapsed.
collapse [intransitive] to fall down (and usually become unconscious), especially
because you are very ill/sick / faint, pass out, lose consciousness, fall unconscious
He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.
12 The police were suspicious at first but I was able to convince them that we were innocent
USING PARTICIPLES TO JOIN SENTENCES
desire wish, want
infurate to make somebody extremely angry
SYNONYM ENRAGE, anger
infuriate somebody Her silence infuriated him even more.
it infuriates somebody that…/to do something It infuriates me that she was
not found guilty.
Opposite please, soothe
1 Knowing he was poor I offered to pay his fare
fare [countable, uncountable] the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc.
bus/taxi fares train/rail fares
Children travel (at) half fare.
2 Having barricaded the windows we assembled in the hall.
Barricading the windows, we assembled in the hall.
barricade something to defend or block something by building a barricade
They barricaded all the doors and windows.
Soldiers found the doors barricaded and the women hiding inside.
barricade a line of objects placed across a road, etc. to stop people from getting past /
vật chướng ngại (để chặn, phòng thủ)
The police stormed the barricades the demonstrators had put up.
a barricade made of doors, chairs and broken tables
assemble come together, get together, gather
Opposite disperse
3 Becoming tired of my complaints about the programme she had turned it off.
4 Having found / Finding no one at home he left the house in a bad temper.
5 Hoping to find the will, she searched everywhere.
will (also testament) [countable] a legal document that says what is to happen to
somebody’s money and property after they die
I ought to make a will.
My father left me the house in his will.
6 Having removed all traces of the crime he left the building.
remove to get rid of something unpleasant, dirty, etc.; to make something disappear /
clean off, wash off, wipe off
 remove something She has had the tumour removed.to remove
problems/obstacles/objections
remove something from somebody/something The news removed any
doubts about the company's future.
7 Having realized /Realizing that he had missed the last train he began walking.
8 Having been exhausted / Exhausted by his work he threw himself on his bed.
9 Having spent al his money he decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
10 Having escaped / Escapingfrom prison he was looking for where he could get
food.
11 Having heard the story before she didn’t want to hear it all again.
12. Having found / Finding money they started quarreling about how to divide it.
13. Entering the house suddenly she found them smoking.
14. Turning on the light I was astonished at what I saw.
15. Having visiting the museum we decided to have lunch in the park.
16. Having thought we were lost he offered to show us the way home.
17. Having found his revolver, he loaded it and sat down facing the door.
18. Having realized that she couldn't move it alone she asked me to help her.
19. Having fed the dog he sat down to his own dinner.
20. Having addressed the congregation he said he was sorry to see how few of them had
been able to come.
congregation [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who are
gathered together in a church to worship God, not including the priest and choir