INDEX

S.No. TOPIC REMARK

1. PREFACE

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. ABOUT PLANT

4. PLANT FAMILIARIZATION
(i)TURBINE
(ii)BOILER
(iii)E.S.P.
(iv)COAL HANDLING PLANT
(v)ASH HANDLING PLANT
(vi)GENERATOR
(vii)CONDENSER
(viii)MILLING PLANT
(ix)SWITCHYARD

5. CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION

CIRCLE
(i) SWAS PACKAGE
(ii) ATRS PACKAGE
(iii) DDC PACKAGE
(iv) FSSS PACKAGE
 PREFACE
A very important element in curriculum of an engineering student is practical training.

We underwent practical training at “KOTA SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION” From 17-June-
2014 to 16-July -2014. This is a part of today 45 days training programme incorporate in the curricum
of the Rajasthan Technical University for B.Tech course.

As we are the students of Electrical Engineering so the training at K.T.P.S. has been particularly
beneficial for us. We saw the various procedure, processes and equipment use in production of
electricity by thermal power which were studied in books and this has helped us better understanding of
power generation and concepts of controlling of instrumentation power.

K.T.P.S. is very large plant and it is very difficult to acquire complete knowledge about it in a short
span. We have tried to get acquainted with overall plant functioning and main concepts involved there
in. It is very vital trade.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my H.O.D of Electrical Department Mr. H.P. Agrawal
for suggest and valuable guidance me for K.T.P.S. It is my proud privilege to express my sense of
gratitude to assistant engineers for providing me adequate facilities to undergo training at K.T.P.S.

I am thankful to Mr. B.P.Chakraborthy (S.E.), Mr. H.K. Tomar(A.En.) for their valuable guidance and
co-operation without which it was not possible to get so much knowledge.

I am equally obliged to all those Engineers Technical Personnel and operators at K.T.P.S. who gave
their valuable time and rendered practical knowledge in my training period.

And at last I want to thank my colleagues. Without their help, Guidance and suggestions it was not
possible to produce this training report.
INTRODUCTION :-
Kota thermal power station is the first super thermal plant of Rajasthan. Kota Super Thermal Station is
owned by Rajasthan Rajya Vidhyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. And is situated near village Riyanwali about
25 km from Kota Town, an ideal location for setting up a thermal power station in the state planning
regards to availability of land, water, transportation network, broad gauge railway and being an
important load centre for north west Rajasthan.

The techno-economic clearance for the prefect was issued by CEA in June 1991.

The cost of the project is estimate at Rs. 2300 crores of including IDC.

It has a generation capacity of 1500 MW and installed with six Units of 250 MW each.

It is a coal base thermal station. Water and coal required in a large amount. Coal is received here from
coal-fields of MP areas through railways and water is received from INDIRA GANDHI CANAL. The
supply of coal is from MP, Jharkhand by rail.

About 18000 tons coal required per day for whole unit and each unit consumes 150 tons coal per day.

About 2x3 km2 area covered by plant and approximately 1800 employees works in a plant including
chief engineer to labour. The supply of electricity to the northern Rajasthan, Ratangarh, Bikaner,
Ganganagar.
FUTURE EXPENSION:-
It has been decided to set up 2x660 MW super critical units (unit # 7 & 8) at SSTPS. For this purpose
about 446 Hectare land has been identified adjacent to the existing 6x250 MW plant. This land is under
process of acquisition. M/S TEC have been appointed consulting engineers for this project. The state
Govt. has also accorded its in principle approval for setting up in future, two additional units 2x660
MW (Unit # 9 & 10) also based on supercritical technology.

INSTALLED CAPACITY:-
Following is the unit wise capacity of the plant:

Stage Unit Number Installed Capacity(MW) Date of commissioning Status

Stage I 1 250 May, 1998 Running

Stage I 2 250 March, 2000 Running

Stage II 3 250 October, 2001 Running

Stage II 4 250 March, 2002 Running

Stage III 5 250 June, 2003 Running

Stage IV 6 250 May, 2010 Running

SANCTION OF SCHEMES(STAGE-I to IV)

Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)

I I & II 2x250 2300

II III & IV 2x250 2057

III V 1x250 573

IV VI 1x250 1117

TOTAL 5127

COMMISSIONING TARGETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:

ZER TARGET ACTUAL DATE DATE OF REMARKS
O DATE OF COMMERCIAL
UNITS DAT COAL OPERATION
E FIRING

UNIT-1 Jun- MAR- 10-MAY- 04-OCT- 01-FEB-19999

91 1997 1998 1998

UNIT-2 Jun- SEP- 2000 28-MAR- 07-JUN- 01-OCT-2000 COMMISSIONED 6

91 2000 2000 MONTH AHEAD
OF SCHEDULE

UNIT-3 23- MAR- 29-OCT- 08-DEC- 15-JAN-2002 COMMISSIONED 6

Jun- 2002 2001 2001 MONTH AHEAD
99 OF SCHEDULE

UNIT-4 23- SEP- 25-MAR- 17-JUN- 31-JUL-2002 COMMISSIONED

Jun- 2002 2002 2002 6 MONTH AHEAD
99 OF SCHEDULE

UNIT-5 1- JUN- 30-JUN- 30-JUN- 19-AUG-2003 COMMISSIONED

Feb- 2003 2003 2003 IN RECORD TIME
01 OF 29 MONTH
UNIT-6 15- OCT- 2008 31-MAR- 24-AUG- 30-DEC-2009
Jun- 2009 2009
06

LAY-OUT:-
STEAM TURBINE:-

● Introduction:
Steam turbine is a rotating machine which CONVERTS HEAT ENERGY OF STEAM TO
MECHANICAL ENERGY.

In India, steam turbines of different capacities, varying from 15 MW to 500 MW, are employed in the
field of thermal power generation.
 ● Basic principles:
The Thermal Power Plants with steam turbine uses Rankine cycle. Rankine cycle is a vapour power
cycle having two basic characteristics

1.The working fluid is a condensable vapour which is in liquid phase during part of the cycle and

2.The cycle consists of a succession of steady flow processes, with each processes carried out in a
separate component specially designed for the purpose. Each constitute an open system, and all the
components are connected in series so that as the fluid circulates through the power plant each fluid
element passes through a cycle of mechanical and thermodynamic stages.

The turbine is of tandem compound design with separate HP, IP and LP cylinder.

The HP & IP turbines are single flow type while LP turbine is of double flow type; the turbine is
condensing type with single reheat. It is basically engineered on reaction principle with throttle
governing. The stages are arranged in HP, IP and LP turbines, driving alternating current full capacity
Turbo generators.

● Specification:
Type - Tandem compound condensing

reaction

Rated output of turbine - 250 KW

Rated speed - 3000 RPM

Main steam temperature - 537 C

Rated pressure - 150 kg/cm

● TURBINE COMPONENTS
Casing or Cylinders:
A casing is essentially a pressure vessel which must be capable of withstanding the maximum working
pressure and temperature that can be produced with in it. The working pressure aspects demand thicker
and thicker casing and the temperature aspects demand thinner and thinner casing.

1. H.P Turbine Casing:The principal parts of the HP turbine casing are and axially split inner
shell, enclosing the rotor and outer shell of a barrel-type construction. The barrel type of
cylinder construction ensures symmetry of the wall thickness around the axis of rotation and
hence the wall thickness itself is relatively less than that used in other type of construction.
2. I.P. Turbine Casing: The IP turbine is split axially and is of single shell design. The outer
casing accommodates a double flow inner casing. The steam coming from the re-heater is
 passed into the inner casing via admission branches which are symmetrically arranged in the top
and bottom halves of the outer casing.
3. L.P Turbine Casing: The LP turbine is of double flow type. The casing is of triple shell,
fabricated construction. The outer casing consists of the front and rear end walls, two
longitudinal girders and a top cover. The inner shell of the inner casing acts as the guide blade
carriers of the LP stage groups are so designed that, together with the inner casing, they from
annular ducts which are used for extractions.
Turbine governing system
The man purpose of governor is to maintain this desired speed of turbine during fluctuations of load on
the generator by varying steam input to the turbine. The governing system in addition to ensuring the
falling load-speed characteristics of the turbine also ensures the following functions:

1.The run up the turbine from rest to rated speed and synchronizing with the grid.

2. Meeting the system load variations in a predetermined manner, when running in parallel with other
machines.

3. Protecting the machine by reducing the load or shutting off completely in abnormal and emergency
situations.

The governing system also includes other devices to protect the turbine from abnormal condition that
may arise during operation.

By-pass Governing:
In this system, in general, the steam is supplied through a primary valve and is adequate to meet a
major fraction of the maximum load which is called economic load loads less than this, the regulation
is done by throttling steam through this valve. When the load on the turbine exceeds this economics
load which can be developed by the unthrottle full flow through the primary valve, a secondary valve,
is opened and throttled steam is supplied downstream, bypassing the first stage and some high-pressure
stages. This steam joins the partially spent steam admitted through the primary valve, developing
additional blade torque to meet the increased load.

Governing of Reheat Turbine

In reheat turbines in cases of partial of load on off even after the HP control valves are fully closed the
entrained steam in the re-heaters and hot reheat line is more than enough to speed up the turbine above
over speed limits. Hence it is necessary to provide stop valves and interceptor valves on hot reheat line
before IP turbine. While the stop valve is operated controlled similar to HP control valve but at a higher
speed range by a secondary of pre emergency governor as it is called. The valve remains full open at
rated speed and started closing at about 3% over speed and is fully closed at about 5% over speed.
BOILER:-

● Introduction
The boiler is the main part of any thermal power plant. It converts the fuel energy into steam energy.
The fuel may be furnace oil, diesel oil, natural gas or coal. The boilers may be fired from the multiple
fuels. The boiler installed in S.T.P.S. are made by M/s BHEL. Each of the boilers are single drum,
tangential fired water tube naturally circulated over hanged, balanced draft, dry bottom reheat type and
is designed for pulverizing coal firing with a max. Continuous steam output of 375 tons/ hour at 138
kg/cm2 pressure and 540 degree cent. Temp. The thermal efficiency of each boiler at MCR is 86.8 %.
Four no. of bowl mills have been installed for each boiler. Oil burners are provided for initial startup
and stabilization of low load. Two E.S.P. (one for each boiler) is arranged to handle flue gases from the
respective boilers. The gases from E.S.P. are discharged through 180 meters high chimney. I.D. fan and
a motor is provided near the chimney to induce the flue gases.

● CIRCULATION SYSTEM:
It is essential to provide an adequate flow of water and/or of water-steam mixture for an efficient
transfer of heat from furnace to the working fluid and to prevent ‘burn-outs’. This is irrespective of the
mode of circulation being used. In STPS NATURAL type of circulation system are used.

● Natural Circulation:
In this type, no external pumping device is used for the movement of the fluid. The difference
in densities in contents of fluids in down comers from the drum and risers in the furnaces is
used to effect the movement of fluids. This type of circulation is employed in most of the utility
boiler. The movement of the steam and water will increase with increased heat input to a
maximum value or so called end point, after which further increase in heat absorption will result
in a decrease in flow.
One of the characteristics of natural circulation is its tendency to provide the highest flow in the
tubes with greatest heat absorption.

Heat Transfer in boiler:

In boiler heat energy is released from the combustion of fossil and the heat is transferred to different
fluids in the system and a part of it is lost or left out as unutilized.

There are three modes of heat transfer:

● Conduction
● Convection
● Radiation
Heat energy is transferred from a heat source to a heat receiver by one or more of these modes for
which heat source should be at a higher temperature than the receiver.

In super heater tube with high temperature region but does not directly view the flame. Here the heat is
transferred from flue gas to super heater tube metal by convection and by non-luminous radiation and
in the tube metal by conduction and to the steam by forced convection.
The power plant boilers are large capacity steam generators used purely for the electrical power
generation.

BOILER PRESSURE PARTS

● Economizer:
Economizer is a feed water heater. It uses the heat produced by the flue gases for this purpose. The feed
water is passed through the economizer before supplying it to the boiler and economizer absorbs a part
of heat from the flue gas to increase the temperature of the feed water.

● Super Heater:
The steam produced in the boiler has got moister content so it is dried and superheated (i.e. steam
temperature is increased above boiling point of water) by the flue gases on the way to chimney. Super
heating ensures two benefits at first the overall efficiency of the system is increased and secondly the
corrosion to the turbine blades due to condensation in later stages is prevented. The superheated steam
from super heater is fed to steam turbine by means of a main valve.

● Steam Flow:
Saturated dry steam from the drum follows the course that is:

Steam cooled wall roof tubes – steam cooled side wall tubes –extended steam cooled side wall tubes –
front steam cooled wall tubes – steam cooled roofs and rear wall tubes – super heater rear horizontal
assemblies – super heater de-super heater –platen super heater- pendant super heater.

Superheated steam from the pendant super heater outlet header goes to the turbine via the main steam
lines.

After passing through the high – pressure stages of the turbine, steam is returned to the re-heater via the
cold reheat lines. The reheat de-super heaters are located in the cold reheat lines.

Reheat flow through the unit is as follows:

Front pendant re heater- rear pendant re-heater after reheated to the design temperature, the reheated
steam is returned to the low-pressure section of the turbine via the hot reheat line.

● Re-heater:
Re-heater are provided to raise the temperature of the steam from which part of energy already been
extract by HP turbine.

The re-heater is composed of two stages or section, the front pendant vertical spaced platen section and
the rear pendant vertical spaced platen section. The rear pendant vertical spaced section is located
above the furnace arch between the water-cooled screen tubes and rear water wall hanger tubes.

The front pendant vertical spaced plated section is located between the rear water wall hanger tubes and
the superheated platen section. All re-heater drains and vents are opened before lighting off. The vents
and drains to the atmosphere must be closed prior to raising a vacuum in the condenser. Drains
connecting with the condenser may be lift open until the boiler is under light load.
WATER COOLED FURNANCES:-
Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited has developed the modern water-cooled furnace.

Furnace is the primary part of boiler where the chemical energy available in the fuel is converted to
thermal energy by combustion. Furnace is designed for efficient and complete combustion. Major
factors that assist for efficient combustion are time of residence(fuel) inside the furnace, temperature
inside the furnace and turbulence which causes rapid mixing between fuel and air.

It has following advantage:

● In the furnace not only combustion but also heat transfer is taking place simultaneously.
● The maintenance work involved in repairing the fire bricks is practically eliminated.
● Due to heat transfer in the furnace the flue gas leaving the furnace is reduced to the
acceptable level to the super heating surfaces.

SOOT BLOWERS:-
Steam has mainly been used as the soot blowing medium, but recently the used low-pressure air as a
soot blowing medium has been introduced as this offers a number of advantage.

AIR AND GAS PATH:-

● General:
The total air flow through the unit is handled by two numbers axial reaction forced draft fans and two
numbers axial reaction primary air fans. The flue gas produced in the furnace from combustion of fuel
is evacuated by two numbers radial double suction induced draft fans. The schematic of air and flue
gases system is enclosed.

● Air System:
1. Combustion Air (Secondary Air): The forced draft fans supply the required secondary
air for combustion.
This air is preheated by two no. RPAH. Control of secondary air flow is done by FD fan blade pitch
control. The distribution of hot secondary air to the wind box compartments is controlled by
“Secondary air dampers”.

2. Air for Drying and Transportation of pulverized coal (Primary Air): The cold
primary air fans supply the air required for drying the coal in the tube mills/mixing box and for
transporting the pulverized fuel from both ends of the tube mill to the coal burners. The primary
air is heated in the primary sectors of the Rotary RAPH.
The control for the primary air pressure is achieved through PA fan inlet dampers.

3. Scanner Cooling Air: Each boiler is provided with 20 no. VISIBLE LIGHT SCANNER.
The two no. of scanner air fans are providedto supply the required air for cooling these flame
scanners. The supply of air is taken from FD fan discharge. The air is filtered and boosted to the
required pressure by the scanner air fans. Additionally an emergency air supply connection from
atmosphere is provided for supplying the cooling air to the scanners in case both FD fans trip.
4. Seal Air: Six no. of seal air fans are (2 nos. per mill) are provided for each boiler. The sealing
air is required for mill trunounim mill discharges valves and gravimetric feeders of the two seal
air fans provided for each tube mill, one is in operation and the other standby. The seal air takes
suction from the atmosphere.

Gas system:
The flue gases produced in the furnace as a result of combustion, travels upward in the furnace, across
the horizontal pass and downward through the second pass of the boiler to the air pre-heater. Two no.
of induced draft fans are provided to evacuate the flue gas from furnace to the chimney. The ID fans
are provided with hydraulic coupling and inlet damper control.
 ● PRESERVATION OF BOILERS:
Atmospheric corrosion of ferrous materials proceeds rapidly in the presence of oxygen and moisture.
The oxides produced are objectionable and can be transported to critical heat transfer areas as well as to
the turbine. Pit type corrosion can also occur in walls. In large boilers, with numerous complex dry the
boiler in preparation for storage.

FUEL OIL BURNING SYSTEM:-

● Fuel Oil atomization:
Atomizes the process of spraying the fuel oil into fine mist, for better mixing of the fuel with the
combustion air. While passing through the spray nozzles of the oil gun, the pressure energy of the oil
converts into velocity energy, which breaks up the oil stream into fine particles for satisfactory
atomization the viscosity shall be less than 15-20 centistokes.

● HEA Ignitors:
HEA Ignitors are provided in this Boiler. This ignitor uses LFO/HFO as main fuel and this is ignited
using spark and is mounted adjacent to oil gun.

● Air Cooled Oil Guns:

The atomized assembly of an operating oil gun is protected from the hot furnace radiation by the
flowing fuel oil and steam which keeps it relatively cool. The oil gun assemblies supplied for this
project have been designed for air cooling provision.

● Burner Trip Valves:

To control the atomizing medium and fuel flow to the oil guns, pneumatic operated trip valves are
used.

● Main Parts of Boiler:

The boilers consist of the following parts:

1. Force Draft Fan (FDF)

2. Air Pre-heater (RAH)
3. Burners
4. Furnace
5. Up Rise Tubes
6. Down Comer Tubes
7. Water Tubes
8. Super Heaters
9. Gas Recirculation Fan (GRCF)
10. Re-Heater
 11. Induced Draft Fan (IDF)

● AIR PRE-HEATER
Air pre-heater is a heat exchanger in which air temp. is raised by transferring heat from other fluids
such as flue gas. Since air heater can be successfully employed to reclaim heat from flue gas at lower
temp. level, it is possible with economizer the heat ejected to chimney can be reduced to a great extent
thus increasing the efficiency of a boiler.

● Specification
1. Heating element – Hot end, Hot intermediate, Cold end Materials - Carbon &Corten steel
2. Rotor main drive motor – 11 kW, 1450 rpm, 50 Hz Coupling – Fluid coupling
11.5 fcu
3. Bearing Guide bearing : Spherical roller bearing Support Bearing :
Spherical roller thrust Thermostat: Burling thermostat
4. Oil capacity Guide brg.
Housing : 25 lt. Steam Coil
Airpre-heater
Number of steam Coil APH : 2 Nos per boiler

Installed position : Vertical

Design pressure : 20 kg/cm2

Design Temperature : 2500 oC

Weight of one steam coil APH : 1950 kg

CONDENSER:-
The functions of condenser are:

1.To provide lowest economic heat rejection temperature from the steam. Thus saving on steam
required per unit of electricity.

2.To convert exhaust steams to water for reuse this saving on feed water requirement.

3.De-aeration of make-up water introduced in the condenser.

4.To form a convenient point for introducing makes up water.

IN STPS RVUN SURFACE CONDESER is used.

 ● Surface Condenser:
This type is generally used for modern steam turbine installations.

Condensation of exhaust steam takes place on the outer surface of the tubes, which are cooled by water
flowing inside them.

The condenser essentially consists of a shell, which encloses the steam space. Tubes carrying cooling
water pass through the steam space. The tubes are supplied cooling water from inlet water box on one
side and discharged, after taking away heat form the steam, to the outlet water box on the other side.
Instead of one inlet and one outlet water boxes, they may be to or more air of separate inlet-outlet water
boxes, each supplying cooling water to a separate bundle of tubes. This enables cleaning and
maintenance of part of the tubes while turbine can be kept running on a reduced load.

● Description of condenser
The condenser group consists of two condensers, each connected with exhaust part of low pressure
casing. A by-pass branch pipe has interconnected these woe condensers. The condenser has been
designed to create vacuum at the exhaust of steam turbine and to provide pure condensate for reusing
as feed water for the boilers. The tube layout of condenser has been arranged to ensure efficient heat
transfer from steam to cooling water passing through the tubes, and at the same time the resistance to
flow of steam has been reduced to the barest minimum. 350% capacity condensate pumping sets are
installed for pumping the condensate from condenser to the de-aerator through low-pressure heaters.
Two pumps are for normal operation and one works as stand by pump.

● Materials for Condenser tubes

Selection of tube material mainly on the quality of cooling water and the cost. Coppers alloys are
preferred as copper has very high heat transfer coefficient. But as copper has very little mechanical
strength; it has to be reinforced by alloying with other metals.

Stainless steel tubes has also been used and has good corrosion resistance through heat transfer
coefficient is quite lower hot and the copper alloy.

● Regenerative Feed Heating System

If steam is bled from a turbine and is made to give up its latest and any superheat it may possess, to a
heater this system is called regenerative, because the fluid gives up heat, which would be otherwise
wasted, to the fluid whilst in another state to raise its temperature. The highest theoretical saturation
temperature of the bled steam. There is an optimum point at which the steam is bled form the turbine
once a feed temperature is selected, a tapping point near the stop valve produces no gain in efficiency
as practically live steam is used for heating.

● Regenerative System of 250 MW Unit

The regenerative system of the turbine consists of four low-pressure heaters, to gland coolers, one de-
aerator and three high-pressure heaters. The condense is drawn by condensate pumps from the hot well
of condenser and is pumped to the de-aerator through gland coolers and low pressure heaters where it is
progressively heated up by the steam extracted from seals and bled points of the turbine. The drain of
condensate steam on LP heaters No. 2, 3 and 4 flows in cascade and is ultimately pumped into the main
condensate line after heater No. 2 or flows to condenser. The feed water after being de-aerated in the
de-aeratoris drawn by the boiler feed pump and pumped to boiler through high pressure heaters where
it is heated up by the bled steam from the turbine. The drain of condensed steam of HP heaters flows in
cascade and under normal load conditions flows to the de-aerator.

HP-LP BYPASS SYSTEM:-

This bypass system has been provided to allow the steam generator to build up, during start-up,
matching steam parameter with the turbine. The steam generated is dumped into the condenser, thus
avoiding loss of boiler water.

This system enables starting of the unit of sliding parameters and also facilities hot restarting of the
unit. In the event of loss of load on the turbine, the bypass system disposes the steam produced by; the
boiler automatically to the condenser without affecting the boiler operation. The bypass system had two
sections LP & HP. The HP-Bypass system diverts the steam before main steam valve to the cold reheat
CRH line. HP Bypass system also reduces the rated steam parameters of the incoming steam from the
superheated to the steam condition expected in the CRH line (i.e. steam temp. and pressure after HP
turbine exhaust).

The LP Bypass diverts the incoming steam from hot reheat line before intercepting valves to the
condenser after reducing the HRH steam parameters to the conditions approximately to that of LP
steam turbine exhaust steam.

● HP Bypass station is utilized for the following tasks:

1. To establish flow at the outlet of superheated for raising boiler parameters during starts up.

2. To maintain or controls steam pressure at pre-set value in main steam line during start up.

3. To warm up the steam lines.

4. To control steam temperature down of HP bypass at the reset value.

● LP Bypass station is utilized for the following tasks:

1.Control of steam pressure after re-heater.

2.Establish flow of steam from reheat lines to condenser by its opening, proportional to the opening of
HP bypass valves.

● DEAERATER
Condensate from hot well is pumped to de-aerator by condensate extraction pump. Functions of de-
aerator are:-

1.Removal of dissolved air/oxygen in boiler water.

2.Chemical dosing for maintaining quality of boiler water.

3.Regenerative heating of feed water for increasing its temperature and efficiency of plant.

4.Storage of feed water in water/steam cycle.

BOOSTER PUMP:-
● WORKING:
50 % tandem boiler feed pump sets are supplied to this contact, three pump sets for each boiler. Two
sets are run in parallel, supplying each boiler, with one pump set being on stand-by.

Each pump set consists of a “FA1856” booster pump, directly driven from one end of the shaft of an
electric driving motor, and a “FK6D30” boiler feed pump driven from the opposite end of the motor
shaft through a variable speed turbo-coupling. The drive is transmitted, in each case through a spacer
type flexible coupling. The bearings in the booster pump and pressure stage pump and in the motor are
lubricated from a forced lubricating oil system incorporated in the turbo coupling. The booster pump is
a single stage, horizontal, axial split casing type, having the suction and discharge branches on the
casing bottom half, thus allowing the pump internals to be removed without disturbing the suction and
discharge pipe work of the alignment between the pump and the motor. The pump shaft is sealed at the
drive end and non-drive end by mechanical seals which are flushed by a supply of clarified water.

TECHNICAL DATA:-
Pump type : FA1856

Direction of rotation : Anti-clockwise (viewed from drive end)

Liquid pumped : Boiler feed water

Suction temp. : 161.1oC

Flow rate : 490 m3/hr.

Efficiency : 81 %

Input power : 151 kW

Speed of pump : 1485 rpm

Components of Booster Pump:

● Pump Casing
● Rotating Assembly
● Journal and Thrust Bearing
● Bearing Housing
 ● Mechanical Seals
● Motor / Pump Casing
BOILER FEED PUMP:-
WORKING:
The FK6D30 type Boiler Feed Pump is a six stage, horizontal centrifugal pump of barrel casing design.

The pump internals are designed as cartilage which can be easily removed for maintenance without
disturbing the suction and discharge piping work or the alignment of the pump and the turbo coupling.
The pump shaft is sealed at the drive end and non-drive end by mechanical seals, each seal being
flushed by water in a closed circuit and which is circulated by the action is cooled by assign through a
seal cooler, one per pump, which is circulated with clarified cooling water. The rotating assembly is
supported by plain white metal lined journal bearings and axially located by a Glacier double tilting
pad thrust bearing.

● TECHNICAL DATA:
Pump type : FK6D30

No. of stages : 6

Direction of rotation : Anti-clockwise (viewed from drive end)

Suction temp. : 161.1 0C

Design flow : 490 m3/hr.

Efficiency : 81 %

Speed : 5310 rpm

Input power : 3322 KW

Drive Motor Manufacturer : B.H.E.L., Haridwar

Rating : 3550 KW

Speed : 1492 rpm

Electrical supply : 6.6 kv, 3-ph, 50 Hz

Components of Boiler Feed Pump:

● Pump Casing
● Discharge Cover
● Suction Guide
● Ring Section Assembly
● Mechanical Seal
● Journal and Thrust bearing
 ● Bearing Housing
● Hydraulic Balance
● Flexible Coupling
The lubricating oil for the journal and thrust bearing, of the booster pump and boiler feed pumps and
the drive motor will be supplied from the lubrication oil system associated with the hydraulic coupling
and should be as follows:

Condensate Extraction Pump

Technical Specification:
Type : EN 8 H 32

Direction of rotation viewed : Clock-wise

Suction temp. : 46.10C

Sp. Gravity : 0.9901

Speed : 1485

Power absorbed : 266 KW

Efficiency : 78 %

WORKING:-
The condensate Extraction Pumps are of the vertical, eight stage, Centrifugal canister type, with the
driving motor supported on a fabricated head piece and the eight inter connected pump stage are
suspended below the head piece. The pump discharge branch and suction branch are formed on the
head piece above floor level.

The eight pump stages are contained within a fabricated canister, and each stage casing is located by
spigot and secured together with bolts, nuts and lock washer.

The canister is suspended and secure to a foundation ring with screws. The head piece is also secure to
the canister with screws.

Each pump directly driven through a flexible coupling by a 325 KW electric motor.

Components of Condensate Extraction Pumps:

 ● Head piece
● Foundation Ring
● Canister
● Stuffing Box Assembly
● Thrust and journal bearing assembly
● Coupling
● Driving motor
●

➢ In SURATGARH THERMAL POWER PLANT,

there are three fans :
1. F.D.FAN (Forced fan)

2. I.D.FAN (Induced fan)

3. P.A.FAN (Primary fan)

● Forced Draft Fan

In the Axial Reaction Fans (Type AAP), the major part of (about 80%) energy transferred is converted
into static pressure in the impeller itself. The rest of the energy is converted into static pressure in the
diffuser. These fans are generally driven at constant speed. The flow is controlled by varying the angle
of incidence of impeller blades. It therefore becomes possible by this process to achieve high
efficiencies even during part load operation.

The blade pitching operation is performed by mechanical linkages connected to a hydraulic servomotor
which is flanged to the impeller.

● Technical Data:
Application : Forced Draft Fan

No. off : 2

Medium handled : Atmospheric Air

Orientation : Vertical Suction and Horizontal Delivery

Capacity : 105.2 m3/sec.

Temp. of medium : 450 oC

Speed : 1480 rpm

Coupling : Rigiflex Coupling

Drive MotorRating : 700 kW

Fan Weight : 8 tones

Type of fan regulation : Blade Pitch Control

➢ When Looking in Flow Direction, The Fan Consist of The Following

Components:
● Suction Chamber
● Fan Housing
● Rotor Consisting go Shaft, one impeller with adjust table blades with pitch control mechanism.
● Main Bearings (Antifriction Bearings)
● Outlet guide vane housing with guide vanes
● Diffuser
Fan Accessories:

▪ Rigiflex Shaft Coupling:

The fan shaft is connected to the motor shaft by means of Rigiflex Couplings.

▪ Oil Circulation System:

The oil system consists of an oil tank, to pumps (on stand-by), filters, coolers and necessary fitting.

▪ Drive Motor:
These fans are driven by constant speed Synchronous Induction motors.

▪ Silencer:
These fans are provided with a silencer to attenuate.

Airborne noise to acceptable level.

▪ Lubrication:
The lubrications oil for the fan bearings are supplied by the centralized oil pumps which
supply oil for the hydraulic servomotor also.

▪ Recommend Oil:
Servo Prime - 68 of IOC

Turbinal - 68 of HPC
INDUCED DRAFT FAN:-
Radial fans manufactured are single stage, single/double suction, simply supported/ over hung
centrifugal machine which can be used to handle fresh air as hot gases in power plant application.

In this, the medium handled enters the impeller axially and after passing through the impeller leaves
radially. A large part of the energy transferred to the medium is converted into kinetic energy as the
medium passes through the impeller. The spiral casing converts part of the kinetic energy in the
medium to pressure energy. These fans are generally driven by constant speed motors. The output of
the fan is usually controlled by in that dampers or in that guide vanes or by varying the speed of the fan
by suitable speed control device.

● Technical Data:
Application: Induced Draft Fan

No. off : 3

Type : NDZV 33 S

Medium handled : Flue Gas

Orientation : 450 Top incl. Suction Bottom Horizontal,

Delivery

Capacity : 250.5 m3/sec.

Temp. of medium : 1540 oC

Speed : 740 rpm

Coupling : Hydraulic Coupling

Drive Motor Rating: 1750 kW

Fan weight : 52.7 Tones

The major sub-assemblies of the fan are as follows:

● Impeller with Shaft assembly

● Bearings and thermometers
● Suction chamber and spiral casing
● Flow regulation devices
 ● Shaft seals
● Couplings
● The fan is drive by an electric motor.
● The fan bearings are lubricated by means of oil lubrication. The oil must not foam during
operation. Foam removing againstcontaining silicon must not be utilized. The oil must have
good anti-corrosion properties.
PRIMARY AIR FAN:-
PA Fan is same as forced draft fan. Only the differences is that in this fan there are two stages AP
fan(Axial Profiles Fan), the two impellers are connected by means of a link rod, with this we can
operate both the impeller blades synchronously.

● Technical Data:
Application : Primary Air Fan

No. off : 3

Type : AP 2 17/12

Medium Handled : Atmospheric Air

Speed : 1480 rpm

Rating : 1400 KW

Fan wt. : 10.8 Tones

E.S.P
E.S.P Theory:-
E.S.P. is a highly efficient device for extraction of suspended particles and fly ash from the industrial
flue gases.

● WORKING PRINCIPLE:-
E.S.P can handle large volume of gases from which solid particle are to be removed Advantages of
E.S.P. are:-High collection efficiency Low resistance path for gas Treatment of large volumes at high
temp. Ability of cope with corrosive atm. an E.S.P. can be as a device which utilized electric forces to
separate suspended particles from flue gases.

WORKING STEPS:
Ionization of gases andcharging of dust particles Migration of dust particles. Deposition of charge
particles on collector surface. Removal of particles E.S.P. consist of two sets of electrodes, one in the
form of thin wire, called discharge or emitting electrode in the form of plates. The emitting electrodes
are placed in the center or midway between two plates and are connected to –ve polarity of H.V. D.C
source of order 37 KV collecting electrodes are connected to +ve polarity. The voltage gradient
between electrodes creates “CORONA DISCHARGE”, ionizing the gas molecules. The dust particles
present in flue gases acquire –ve charge and deposited on collecting electrodes. The deposited particles
are removed by knocking the electrode by a process called “RAPPING” DONE BY “RAPPING
MOTORS”.

➢ Cooling Towers:
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heatto the atmosphere. Cooling
towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to
near the wet –bulb air temperature or rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air
temperature. Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, chemical
plants, power stations.

➢ Cooling water Pump:-

The motor of the CWP has following specification:

Type : Y1600-16/2150

Output Power : 1600 kW

Stator Voltage : 6.6kV

Speed : 372 rpm

Frequency : 50 Hz

Stator Rated Current : 182 Amp

Stator Connection : 2Y

Ambient Temperature : 50 0C

Insulation Class B

Weight 17500 kg

CW Pump:
Type is single stage double suction centrifugal pump

Type : 1400S25-1

Capacity : 16000 m3/H

Speed : 370 rpm

Power : 1600 kW

Weight : 35000 kg

Head : 25m

NP SHR : 8.5m

COAL HANDLING PLANT:-

Wagon tippler has rated unloading capacity of twelve box wagon per hour, including shunting and
spotting time of haulage equipment. For vibrating feeders of capacity 350 tones/hr. each have been
provided feeding unloads coal. A steel hopper has been provided in crusher house to receive coal and
distribute it through manually operated rack and pinion gate to three vibrating screens of 675 t/hr.
capacity each coal above 200 mm size passes on granules for crushing and reduction in size. Coal
below 20 mm size passes granular and discharged on to crushed coal convey or belt.

Following permutation and combination of operation are possible with installed system. To transfer all
crushed coal received from crusher house to live storage pipe. To transfer part of received crushed coal
to plant balance to storage yard. To deliver the raw coal bunkers part and received crushed coal mixed
with balanced coal from the live storage pipe. To transfer the plant crushed coal at 750 T/hr. from the
reclaim live pile and simultaneously stock and s/ road. The vibrating once as stated above can be
obtained by the use of flap gates which are installed on various chute and to vibrating feeders, installed
on tower. The coal carried on various conveyers shall be main monitored to ensure proper loading and
distributing weightless and vibrating feeders.

ASH HANDLING PLANT:-

The ash handling system provide for continuous collection of bottom ash from the furnace hearth and
its intermittent removal by hydro ejectors to a common slurry sump. It also provides for removal of fly
ash to the common slurry sump. Each boiler it provided with ash precipitator for collecting the fly ash
from the flue gases with high efficiency collection to minimize the dust mains and to reduce the wear
of induced draft fan. The fly ash separated from flue gases in the ash precipitator is collected in hoppers
at the bottom from where it is mixed with water to form slurry and disposed off to pumping area by
means of hydro ash pumps. Bottom ash from the boiler furnace is passed through slag crushers and
then slurred to the slurry chamber at the suction of the ash disposal pumps. These are high pressure and
low pressure pumps for this purpose. At a time one pump is working and other two are stand-by. From
the ash disposal pump house ash slurry is pumped through pipe lines to the ash dump area within about
1.5 km away from the ash disposal pump house. Too separate discharge lines are provided one for each
unit but only one line is used the ash slurry from the two units is taken in one discharge line through
electrically operated valves.

WATER TREATMENT:-

● INTRODUCTION:
The natural water contains solid, liquid and gaseous impurities and therefore, this water cannot be used
for the generation of steam in the boilers. The impurities present in the water should be removed before
its use in steam generation. The necessary for reducing the corrosive nature & quantity of dissolved and
suspended solids in feed water has become increasingly important with the advent for high pressure,
critical & supercritical boilers.

IMPURITIES IN WATER:-
The impurities in the feed water are classified as given below –

1.Undissolved and suspended solid materials

● Turbidity and sediment

● Sodium and Potassium Salts
● Chlorides
● Iron
● Manganese & Silica
2.Dissolved Salts and Minerals

● Calcium and Magnesium Salts

3.Dissolved Gases

● Oxygen
● Carbon Dioxide
4.Other Materials

● Free Mineral Acid

● Oil

RAW WATER AND IMPURITIES:

Source:
The various sources of water can be broadly classified as:
 a) Rain water
b) Surface water(Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Lakes)
c) Ground water (Springs, Shallow wells and Deep wells)
Impurities:
The major impurities of water can be classified in three main groups are:

Non-ionic and Undissolved:

These are mainly turbidity, Salt, Mud, Dirt and other suspended matter

1. Ionic and Dissolved

2. Gaseous Impurities: Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen

Removal of Impurities:
Our major concern is industrial water treatment, whereby, water used directly or indirectly in an
industrial process is made suitable for that particular application. The use of water in boilers from
steam generation is an obvious industrial use. Depending on the process, varying degrees of purity of
treated water are required. For example, a textile processing unit will require soft and clear water for
process use: a chemical plant or electronic components manufacturing unit will require ultra-pure water
containing total dissolved impurities not exceeding 0.5 mg/liter or less.

MILLING PLANT:-
● Pulverized coal Systems:
For steam generation, there is basically system of pulverization normally in STPS plant used is Direct
Firing System

● Direct Firing System:

1. Hot Primary System:
In this system the fan is located before the pulverized and handles complete primary air required for
drying a transporting the coal. Disadvantages are that the fan is required to handle high temperature air
resulting in high a fan power. Separate sealing air fans are required to seal the mill and Journal
bearings.
 2. Cold Primary Air System:
The primary air fan handles clean cold air either from FD fan discharge or taking suction from
atmosphere. The advantages are saving in fan power and maintenance. The only disadvantage is the
cost increase due to additional duct work and air heater.

3. Suction System:
In this system the mill operates under negative pressure. Suction being created by an exhauster placed
after the mill. The exhauster handles all the coal air mixture and forces it into the burners. The
advantage of suction system is that the plant can be maintained clean. The disadvantage of this system
is that the high speed exhauster has to handle coal air mixture and tends to wear more as the pulverized
size increase.

4. Pressurized Exhauster System:

In this system the mills operate under positive pressure. With exhauster provided at exit of pulverize to
boost the pulverized coal into the pressurized furnace. Since the pulverized operates with lesser
pressure than forced draft fan pressure.

In plant TUBE type of pulverized mill is used.

DRUM/TUBE MILLS:-
This type mills is slow speed type. They operate at a speed of 17-20 rev/min and formerly were
designed as suction mills. The mill drum carrying the ball charge rotate in the antifriction bearing.
Raw-coal is fed to the drum through the inlet elbow and gets crushed to power inside the mill drum.
The ball charge and the coal are carried to certain height inside the drum and slowed to fall down. Due
to the impact of the balls on coal particles and due to attrition as the particles slide over each other and
also over the liners, the coal gets crushed. Hot flue gases are used for drying and transporting the
pulverized coal from the mill to the classifier. As a result of this high availability in a tube-ball mill
installation, it is not normal to provide standby milling capacity; this helps to reduce the overall capital
cost of the plant. Power requirements have also been reduced, but they are still much greater than those
for medium speed mills.

➢ Advantage:
● High output possible, up to 50 tones per hour.
● No maintenance over long periods.
● High availability.
● Because of high availability no stand by capacity is required.
● No mill rejects, no problems with ‘tramp’ iron.
● Reserve of fuel within mill makes output more stable.
➢ Disadvantage:
● High power consumption
 ● Some problems with control of coal level within the mill.
● Virtually constant power consumption at all loads; low load operation of therefore not
economical.
● With high moisture content fuels a high primary air temperature is required because of the low
air/fuel ratio
● Unplanned stops leave the mill full of coal which, under unfavorable conditions, can ignite.
This coal has to be quenched and even dug out otherwise the mill cannot be restart.
COAL FEEDERS:-
Coal feeders deliver the cola from the bunkers to the mill. Since the amount of coal delivered
determines the output of the mill, if follows that the cola flow, through the feeder has to be controlled.
This is normally achieved either by control of feeder speed or by control of the position of a scraper
knife or plough.

In plant Drag Link Coal Feeders type of Coal Feeder is used.

DRAG LINK COAL FEEDERS:-

In this type of cola feeder, the coal leaves the bottom of the bunker through a large outlet hopper which
is connected directly to the feeder casing. The cola falls on the feeder top plate and is dragged along by
the conveyor chain to the point where the top plate ends. The depth of the cola bed is controlled by the
height regulating gate. At the end of the top plate the cola falls down between the stands of the chains
to the Point of discharge at the mill inlet coal delivery chute. The rate of coal feeds controlled by
variable speed motor drive.

GENERATOR
Mechanical energy is converted into electric power the stator winding of generator by the interaction of
rotating magnetic field. Rotating magnetic field is created by field winding mounted on rotor shaft with
the help of excitation system. When the shaft is rotated at 3000 RPM by the coupled turbine electric
power is generated at a voltage 16.5 KV and 50 HZ frequency. Generator is filled with hydrogen gas
for cooling its winding which in turn is cooled by circulating water. The voltage of such generated
electricity is step up to 220kv or 400kv through transformer and power transmitted to RatangarhGSS
for Northern Grid, and different areas of Rajasthan. 6.0 million units energy is generated in 250 MW
unit in a single day, out of this about ten percent is consumed in unit itself for running its auxiliary
equipment like pumps, fans etc. about 3300 metric tons of coal is consumed in one 250 MW unit in one
day.

THEORY:-
Turbo generator manufactured by BHEL in Co-Operate with most modern design concept and
constructional features which ensures reliability, easy and constructional and operational economicity.
There is a provision for cooling water in order to maintain a constant temp. of coolant(hydrogen) which
controls the temp. of winding, core etc. as per loads.

Technical Data:
Apparent power - 294 MVA

Active Power - 250 MW

Current - 10290 Amps.

Voltage - 16.5 kv+/-825V

Speed - 3000 rpm

Power Factor - 0.85

Hydrogen Pr. - 3.0 bar

Rated Field Current - 2386 Amps

CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION CIRCLE:-

STPS have divided four sections in C&I (control & instrumentation) Circle:-

1. SWAS package

2. FSSS package

3. ATRS package

4. DDC section

➢ SWAS [Steam Water Analysis System]:-Steam Water Analysis System is full form of
SWAS. SWAS package is use for analysis of steam sample which coming from Boiler. There
are coming nine lines from the Boiler. These nine lines go in cooling system for temperature
maintain. There are two type of cooling system, primary cooling system and secondary cooling
system. The equipment is designed and assembled to enable the conditioning of samples of
Boiler water and steam by reducing the temperature and pressure to a suitable state to enable
the chemical parameters of the sample to be monitored.
Sample conditioning panel comprises:-

Line Numbers:-

1. Make up drum water

2. Condensate pump

Discharge
3. LP Heaters

4. Feed water booster pump

5. Feed water economizer inlet

6. Boiler drum water

7. Boiler saturated steam

8. Main steam

9. Hot well

SODIMAT:-
The measurement of sodium in industrial ultrapure waters. The measurement is based on a direct
potentiometric technique. Technique using highly sensitive sodium glass electrode. The difference of
potential between the glass electrode and the reference electrode is directly proportional to the sodium
concentration. Modern high-pressure power plants require feed water of very high purity. Safety in that
sector is of great importance and the sodium measurement plays a specific role compared to pH,
conductivity and silica trace. Actually sodium cat-ions and anions are always linked. Most cat-ions
havea corrosive influence in water and vapour cooling circuits. Because of this chemical link between
sodium ions and anions, sodium presents particularly important risk of corrosion and other effects. The
SODIMAT uses a sodium sensitive glass electrode to measure sodium in a sample which has been
previously conditioned to a pH > 10.

HYDRASTAT:-
Low-carbon steel exhibits a significantly improved resistance to corrosion it in contact with water of
high alkalinity (pH 9-10).

High-pressure circuits operating with the alkaline reign, therefore employ volatile alkalizing agents
such as ammonia in combination with hydrazine to elevate the feed water pH to a level > pH 9.0. the
addition of hydrazine surveys the dual function of an alkalizing agent as well as on oxygen scavenger
thus lowering the level of corrosion. The anodic dissolution of iron in low carbon steels is nominal at
pH 9.5 provide the totally demineralized water is detrimental to the copper tubers of the condenser
because of dissolution of copper, thus imposing an upper limit of pH 9-9.3.

CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT:-
The electric conductivity measures the transport of electric charge in any field. In metal conductors the
current flows by transport of electrons where as in solution. It flows by transportation such as Na+ and
CL-the higher transport of charges in the conductance of the solution. Conductivity is the capacity of a
solution has to conduct current:-
In solution conductivity is much more complicated than in conductors because several species ensure
the transport of charge for instance in drinking water the conductive species registered are sodium,
calcium, magnesium, ferrous cat-ions, ferrites, phosphates and nitrate ions force slightly concentrated
solution. The concentration of H+ protons and hydroxyl OH- ions can no longer be neglected in the
presence of the product. Therefore leads to a non-linear variation conductivity/concentration.

SILICOSTAT:-
HP turbine nozzles and blades may, under the influence of high-pressure superheated steam exhibits
significant capacity and conversion efficiency losses as a result of silica contaminated steam latter
tends to from insoluble deposits all critical part of the turbine leading to surface roughness which, in
turn, is detrimental to turbine efficiency. In order to assure optimum turbine performance continuous
monitoring of silica in superheated steam, boiler water and feed water is of the utmost importance. The
polymetronsilicostat has been designed specifically to complete this task.

Analyzers:-
Lines Coming from Type of Analysis

Line 1 Make up Drum water Specific conductivity

Line 2 Condensate pump discharge pH, specific conductivity, cat-ion

conductivity, dissolved oxygen, sodium.

Line 3 LP heater / inlet pH, specific conductivity, dissolved

oxygen.

Line 4 Feed water booster pump Dissolved oxygen

Line 5 Feed water Economizer inlet pH, specific conductivity, cat-ion

conductivity, silica, Hydrazine

Line 6 Boiler drum water pH, specific conductivity, silica

Line 7 Boiler saturated steam Specific conductivity, Cat-ion conductivity

Line 8 Main steam Specific conductivity, Cat-ion conductivity,

silica

Line 9 Hot well (2 off) Specific conductivity

The sample analysis panel comprises the following analyzers:-

 No. of Analyzers Analysis
1 Single channel silica
1 Two channel silica
2 Dissolved oxygen
1 Hydrazine
14 Conductivity
4 pH
1 Sodium

ATRS [AUTPOMATIC TURBINE RUN UP SYSTEM]:-

● Introduction-
All control function related to turbine are realized by Microprocessor based PROCONTROL ATRS
System. This is based on user friendly programming language P10. The system is divided in three sub
groups:
1. SGC-Oil :- Oil pumps(AOP, EOP,JOP) interlocks, automatic &protn. Operation are realized in
this group.

2. SGC-Conden. &Evac. :-CEP’s & vacuum pump operation.

3. SGE-Turbine:- For automatic synchronization of machine to the grid. Procontrol requires serial
data exchange confined to the electronic room (panels), process computer(monitoring) and control
room.

HARDWARE:
The data transmission is performed with two level serial bus system-

● Local Bus:-Local bus interconnects all in[put, output, and processing electronic modules,
which is part of station. Each local bus work independently from any other local bus or intra
plant.
● Intra - Plant Bus:- This bus interconnects its related local buses via coaxial cables. The
local bus can be grouped together in the same panel or distributed in different panels. Each
massage is cyclically transmitted over the local as well as intra plant buses and transmission
frequency is selectable and can be every 10 ms.
PROCONTROL has following basic type of electronic modules:-

● Individual Control modules:-These implemented to control, supervise, monitor, protect

individual valves, pumps, fans etc. Modules epuipped with a microprocessor, built-in I/O and
dedicated control entity to control element. A serial I/O interface to the local bus to receive
 process signals required for interlaces & permissive logic. Hardwired interface is also provided
to control room. Modules are AS45, AS46, AS47.
● Programmable Processor:-This modules used for automation and superimposed on the
individual control modules and allows to build control, alarms, Module is – PR05.
● Input / Output Modules:-Various modules for input/output capabilities and connected to
local bus. These modules can handle single, double throw contacts, thermocouple, RTD’s,
milliamp signals etc. or to provide milliamp, voltage, electronic contact output signals.

LOGIC:-
TURBINE PROTECTION
S.No. SERVICE ALARM TRIP

1 Lub oil PrV.Low 2.1 kg/cm2 (2 out of Pr. Swth. Oprt.)

2 Cond vacuum V.Low -0.8-0.7kg/cm2 (2 out of 3 vac. Swth. Oprt)

3 HPT ExhstStmTmpV.Hi480 510 (2 out of 3 T/C Tmp. Rises)

4 Axial Shift V.Hi +/- 0.5mm. +/- 1.0mm. (2 out of 3 senseroptd.)

Protection ON:-

(1)FIRE PROT.2 CH-1

(2)FIRE PROT.2 CH-2

(3)ANY JOP ON & SPEED<10 RPM & SPEED RELEASE

& SO/H2 DP>1.2 BAR

EMER. OIL PUMP (EOP-DC)

Protection ON:- 1 SLC EOP-DC CMD-51

(i)SLC EOP-DC ON & EOP AC

FAIL & L.O.PR<2.1

(ii)SLC EOP-DC ON & EOP AC

OFF & EOP AC DIST. &

LUBE OIL PR-01

EMER. OIL PUMP (EOP AC)

Protection ON:- 1) FIRE PROT.2 CH-1

(2)FIRE PROT.2 CH-2

(3)EOP AC PROT.ON

(i)SLC EOP AC O & LUB OIL

PR<2.1

(ii)EOP DC ON

JACKING OIL PUMP-2

(JOP-DC)

Per. ON:- JOP-1(AC) OFF

Auto ON:- 1.SLC JOP-2 CMD-51

(i)SLC JOP-2 ON & JOP PR.<100

&TUR

SPEED<510

(ii)SLC JOP-2 ON & JOP-1 OFF &

JOP-1 DIST.

(iii)SLC JOP-2 ON & JOP AC

FAIL & TUR SPEED<510

Prot. ON:- 1) FIRE PROT.2 CH-1

(2)FIRE PROT.2 CH-2

(4)JOP-1 OFF & JOP AC FAIL & TUR SPEED<510

Prot. ON:- 1)FIRE PROT.2 CH-1

(2)FIRE PROT.2 CH-2

(5)JOP-1 OFF & JOPAC FAIL &

TUR SPEED >15 & TUR

SPD,2800