SIX WEEKS PRACTICAL TRAINING-I

REPORT

B.Tech. (CSE) 3rd Semester

SUBMITTED TO
---------------------------------------------------------
DEPT. OF CSE
--------------------------------------------------------------

SUPERVISED BY: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms.Prabhjit Kaur Khushi (1208052)

Ms.Navneet Bawa
It would be inappropriate to call this report complete and
successful, if we don’t thank the people who guided as in the
preparation of this project.

The submission of this project report gives us an opportunity to

convey our gratitude to all those who have helped us to reach stage
from where we have immense confidence to launch our carrier in
the competitive world of Information Technology.

First and foremost, we want to offer our thanks to our

HOD Col(retd). Gurmukh Singh for providing us such a nice
environment for workshop training and we would like to express
our most sincere gratitude and indebtedness to our guide Ms.
Prabhjit Kaur & Ms.Navneet Bawa for her valuable help during
the development of this project. Without her suggestions and timely
help we would not have been able to complete this project. She has
been a source of perpetual inspiration to us, gently guided and
inspired us towards a bright career.

2
1. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS
AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN
DEPT.OF CSE.

2. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS

AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN DEPT.
OF ECE/EEE.

3. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS

AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN
DEPT.OF M.E.

3
 AMRITSAR COLLEGE OF ENGG. &

TECH.

(AMRITSAR)

CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Khushi (1208052) student of C.S.E. 3RD

sem., has successfully completed this project on “HOTEL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” under my guidance and also
prepared a report on same.

I have observed that they took keen interest in this project. They
are sincere, hardworking and punctual.

I wish them all the best in future.

Ms. Prabhjit Kaur

Ms. Navneet Bawa
C.S.E deptt. (Faculty)
A.C.E.T.
Amritsar .

4
 DECLARATION

We hereby state that the dissertation

“ HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ”
is an authentic work carried out by us at
A.C.E.T., Amritsar under the guidance of
Ms. Prabhjit Kaur & Ms. Navneet Bawa
for the partial fulfillment of the project.

Khushi (1208052)

5
 INDEX

Language Used for Project..........................................................................

Requirement Specification..........................................................................

CODING......................................................................................................

OUTPUT.......................................................................................................................

6
 LANGUAGE USED FOR
PROJECT…

Introduction to C++
C++ has been used successfully for every type of
programming problem imaginable from operating system to
spreadsheet to expert system-and efficient compilers are
available for machine ranging in power from the Apple
Macintosh to the Cray Super Computer.

The largest measure of C++ success seems to be based on

purely practical considerations:
- The portability of the compiler.
- The standard library concept.
- Powerful and varied repertoire of operators.
- An elegant syntax.
- Ready access to the hardware when needed.
- And the ease with which applications can be
optimized by hand coding isolated procedures.

C++ is often called a middle level programming language.

This is not a reflection on its lack of programming power
but more a reflection on its capability to access the system
low level function. Mot high level languages provide
everything the programmer might want to do already build

7
into the language. A low level language provides nothing
other than access to the machine basic instruction set.

Programming language Tools: C\C++

C language is used to create the user interface ,C++ is

object oriented Programming language which give rise to
the fastest and easiest way to create applications for
Sending the data. C++ is provided with the complete set of
Header files to simplify rapid application development.

So what is C++? The visual part refers to the method used

to create the user interface (UI). Rather than using the
graphic function totally the user interface is created in the
text mode which uses less resources as compared to the
graphic functions, simply write text characters to create the
graphical user interface on the screen.

Object oriented language:

The advantage of the OOP (Object oriented

Programming) When you approach a programming
problem in an abject-oriented language, you no longer ask
how the problem will divided into objects. Thinking in
terms of objects, rather than functions ,has a surprisingly
helpful effect on how easily programs can be designed
.this results from the closer match between objects in the
programming sense and objects in the real world.

8
 The match between programming objects and
real world objects is the happy result of combining data and
functions .the resulting objects offer a revolution in
program design .No such close match between
programming constructs and the items being modeled exits
in a procedural language.

Object
Data

Member function

Object
Object

Data Data

Member function Member function

Object Oriented Concept

There is more to OOPS(Object oriented

Programming) then just binding the data and functions
together .OOP, for example , facilitates creating reusable
code that can eventually save a lot of work .A feature called
polymorphism permits you to create multiple definitions

9
for operators and functions. Another feature called
inheritance permits you to derive new class from old ones.
In short , instead of concentrating on tasks ,you concentrate
on representing concepts .

Object-oriented programming uses a technique

that is unfamiliar to the procedural programmer. Let us now
briefly examine this technique with regards to the major
elements of object-oriented language.

• Objects

In structured programming a problem is approached

by dividing it into functions. Unlike this, in Object-oriented
programming the problem is dividing into objects.
Thinking in terms of objects rather than functions makes
the designing of program easier. Object-oriented
programming is helpful in the following:

- Data structures like linked lists, stacks, queues

etc.
- GUI elements like windows, buttons, text boxes
etc.
- Hardware devices like disk drive, keyboard,
printer etc.
- Calling interrupts of the system.
- Etc.

10
 • Classes

Most languages offer primitive data types like int,

long and float. Their data representation and response to
arithmetic, assignment and relational operators are defined
as part of the language. However, the language does not
know user-defined data types .The programmer, defines its
format and behavior by defining a class.
For example, there can be a user-
defined data type to represent dates. The compiler and the
computer do not know about
dates. Programmers have to define the behavior of dates by
designing a date class. Defining the class does not create
any objects, just as the mere existence of a type int doesn’t
create any variable.
Inheritance

Object-oriented programming permits you to

create your own data types (classes) just like the types built
into the language. However, unlike the built-in data types
,the user-defined classes can use other classes as building
blocks. Using a concept called inheritance new classes can
be built from the old ones. The new classes referred to as a
drived class, can inherit the data structures and functions of
the original, or the base class. The new class can add data
elements and functions to those it inherit from the base
class.

For example, we can define two derived classes

From the main class. The main class has the features named

11
as feature A, feature B .We derive two classes from the
base class which inherit all the functions or features of the
base class and add extra features to the derive class like on
the left derived class it inherit the feature A, feature B of
the base class and add the extra feature C, while on the
right derived class it inherit the same feature A, feature B
of the base class and add the extra feature E .
This example is shown Below

Feature A
Feature B

Main class

Feature A
Feature A
Feature B
Feature B
Derived cla
Feature C De
Feature E

Derived Class Derived Class

Inheritance Process

• Polymorphism

12
 The word ‘poly’ originated from
the Greek word meaning many and ‘morphism’ from a
Greek word meaning from, and thus polymorphism means
many forms. In object oriented programming
,polymorphism refers to identically named methods
(member functions) that have different behavior depending
on the type of object they refer.

Polymorphism is the process of defining a

number of objects of different classes into a group and call
the methods to carry out the operation of the objects using
different function calls .In other words, polymorphism
means ‘to carry out different processing steps by functions
having same messages’. It treats objects of related classes
in a generic manner. The keyword virtual is used to
perform the polymorphism concept in C++. Polymorphism
refers to the run time binding to a pointer to a me Overview
to language.

• Identifiers and keywords

Identifiers can be as the name of the

variable and some other program elements using the
combination of the following characters.

13
 Alphabets : a…….z, A……Z
Numerals : 0……9
Underscore : _

Keywords are also identifiers but cannot be user

defined since they are reserved words. Following are the
few keywords:

Auto continue new signed try

Default for do operator if
Case class goto friend private
This return public double char
const while enum inline
resister
switch void sizeof typedef template

14
 • C++ Operators

In C++ there are some unusual operators used to

perform the task of logical decision making, unlike the
other higher level language.
C++ operators Arithmetic operators

Assignment operators

Comparison operators
Relational

Equality

Logical

Bitwise logical operators

Special operators Uniary

operator

Ternary
operator

Comma
operator

Scope
operator

15
 New and
delete

Other
operators

• Executing a C ++ program

Executing a program written in C involves a series of steps.

These are:

1. Creating the program.

2. Compiling the program.
3. Linking the program with functions that are needed
from the C library.
4. Executing the program.

Although these remain the same

irrespective of the operating system ,system commands
for implementing the steps and conventions for naming
files may differ on different systems. An operating
system is a program that controls the entire operation of
a computer system. All input/output operations are
channeled through the operating system ,which is an
interface between the hardware and the user, handles the
execution of user programs.

16
 System Ready

Program Code Enter Program

Source Program
Edit Source
Program

C Compiler Compile
Source
Program

Synta
x Yes
Error
?
No Object Code
System
Library

Execute Source Program

Input
Data Execute Object

17
 Data Error
Logic Logic error
and
Data
Errors ?
?

No Error

Correct Output

Stop

APPLICATIONS OF C++

C++ is versatile language for handling very large program.

It is suitable for any programming task including
development of editors, compilers, data base,
communication systems and any complex real life
application systems.
1. Since C++ allows us to create hierarchy-related objects,
we can build special object oriented libraries which can
be used later by many programmers.
2. While C++ is able to map the real world problem
properly, the C part of C++ gives the language the
ability to get close to the machine level details.
3. C++ programs are easily maintainable and expandable.
When a new feature needs to be implemented, it is very
easy to add to the existing structure of an object.
4. It is expected that C++ will replace C as a general
purpose language in the near future.

18
19
SNAPSHOT
S

20
21
22
23
 SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

The system was implemented after a thorough

testing with different sets of test data . Although extreme care

24
was taken while creating, testing and the implementation the

system yet certain error might have crept in due to some

human error involved.

There may be some other reasons why new system did not

meet user requirements:

1. User requirement were not clearly defined or understood.

2. Antivirus software was not installed in the systems which

caused many problems to user.

3. A.C. was not on even though it was so hot.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book name
Author

1. Thinking In C++ Sunil K. Pandey

25
2. Fundamentals Of Computer Programming Rachpal
Singh
And Information Technology
&
Krishan Saluja

3. Introduction To C++ Bjarne

Stroustrup

4. Graphic Programming In C++ P. B.

Mahapatra

Electrical Lab
Theory of AC and DC machines

1. AC machines- The machines which work on AC

supply are AC machines. These machines convert

26
electrical energy into mechanical energy. These are of 2
types-
1. Induction motor
2. Synchronous motor

The main parts of motor are stator and rotor.

Principle-When the current carrying conductor lying in

a magnetic field will experience a force then due to its
torque motor starts and rotates.

Advantages of AC-
1. AC is easily convertible in DC using rectifiers.
2. AC machines are stronger and easy to use.
3. AC can reach distant places without much loss of electric
power using transformer.
4. The alternating high voltage can be steeped up or steeped
down easily using transformer.
Disadvantages-
1. AC cannot be used in electrolytic processes such as
electroplating, electrotyping where DC is used.
2. AC in a wire is not uniformly distributed.
3. AC can be more dangerous than DC in terms of its
attractive nature and also because it’s maximum value is
2½ times its effective value

Types of Induction Motor-

1. Single phase induction motor

27
 2. Three phase induction motor

The three phase induction motor is of three types-

1. Split Phase motor-

There are two windings man and auxiliary but auxiliary is

extra winding because these motors are not self starting so
auxiliary winding is used to start motor then after opening
the centrifugal switch the auxiliary winding will stop or out
of the motor.

3.Capacitor start motor- These are of 3 types-

I. Capacitor start motor-

28
II. Capacitor start capacitor-

Capacitor run motor:-

29
 3. Pole shaded motor-

Due to shading torque and flux is produced.

ROTOR-1.Squirrel cage IM
1. Slip ring IM

30
 2. Wound rotor IM

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

The main application of this moor is that it has constant

speed.
Nś = 120F/P
Where Ns= Synchronous speed
F= frequency
P= Poles (fixed)

31
APPLICATIONS-

1. Slip ring Induction motor- Used in printing machine,

cement industries, grinders.
2. Synchronous Machine- Used in Paper mills, ship
prepulsion, steel rolling industry.
3. Single phase motor- Used in fans, blowers,
refrigerators, compressor, room coolers, electric
clock.
DC MACHINES
The machines which work on DC supply are known as
DC Machines. These machines convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy. These are of 2 types-
1. DC Motor
2. DC Generator

32
DC.MOTOR

Principle- When a current carrying conductor is

placed in a magnetic field it experiences a strong force
by which it rotates and motor starts.
Types of dc motors-
1. DC series motor
2. DC shunt motor- N α 1/ load
3. Compound motor- Variable speed, high starting
power. It can also run at 0 load.
BACK EMF- Eb=ΦzNP/60A volts
Φ= flux, z= no of armature conductors
N= Speed of armature, P=poles, A= No of parallel path

TRANSFORMER

The transformer is the static device which transfers ac

electrical power from one circuit to another at the same
frequency but the voltage level is changed.

33
 The All day efficiency of transformer is defined as
the ratio of output in kWh (or Wh) to the input in kWh
(or Wh) of a transformer over 24 hours.
η (all day) = Output in kWh/input in kWh( 24 hours)

OPEN- CIRCUIT TEST-

This test is carried out to determine the no load loss or core
loss or iron loss and no load current which is helpful in
finding the no load parameters i.e., Equivalent exciting
resistance, and Equivalent exciting reactance.

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST-

This test is usually carried out to determine the copper
losses at full load or desired load. Equivalent impedance,
resistance, reactance of the transformer referred to the
winding in which measuring instruments are connected.
Knowing equivalent resistance and reactance, the voltage
drop in the transformer can be calculated and hence the
regulation of transformer is determined.

Theory of electrical and electronics

components like ammeter, voltmeter,
Resistance, Diodes, Transistor, LED, LCD,
Inductor, capacitor

Ammeter- The instrument is used to measure electric

current in a circuit is called ammeter.

34
Voltmeter-The instrument which used to measure
potential difference across the load or between two points
in a circuit is called voltmeter.

Resistance- The opposition offered to the flow of

electric current in the conductor.
Te resistance can be measured with
Black Brown Rods Of Your Gate Became Very Good
When Given Silver color.
Where the bold letters represents the color of the resistance
The resistance can also be measured by the multimeter.

Multimeter-The multimeter is used to measure the ac

and dc voltages, currents and resistances.

Transistor- A semi conductor device consisting two pn-

junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type
semiconductor between a pair of two opposite types is
known as Transistor. It is of two types-
1. npn transistor-
2. pnp transistor-
DIODES-The boundary which divides the two halves of
p and n type semiconductors is called junction and the
arrangement is called DIODE.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) - When charge

carriers are injected across the junction of a forward biased

35
p-n junction diode, they combined and release energy in the
form of visible light. Such p-n junction diodes are called
LED.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)-The basic

principle is that they are chemically produced organic
compounds which have unique properties that make the
crystals actually seen to behave like both ordinary liquids
and crystal solids at same time.

CAPACITOR- A capacitor consists of two conducting

bodies separated by non conducting medium such that
it can store large amount of electric charge in the small
space.

36
 INTRODUCTION:
The shop where most of the work is performed on different
machines is called machine shop. In machine shop the raw
material is cut, machined, formed or shaped with the help
of machines. Different machines used in machine shop are:

1. Lathe machine

2. Shaper

3. Milling machine

4. Planning machine

5. Drilling machine

6. Grinding machine

7. Threading machine

37
APPRATUS: Lathe machine, iron clamp, steel rule,
outward legs caliper, Surface gauge, tool key, cutting
tool.
Procedure:
1. Fix the job in the jaws of the lathe machine.

2. By using the surface gauge center the job.

3. Now by performing the turning operation on the job

using cutting tool.

38
4. Make the diameter 30mm using turning operation on
the whole job.

5. Now make the diameter 35mm to length 12mm

leaving the 15mm as unused using grooving tool.

6. Now make the diameter 23mm using grooving tool to

the length 10mm.

7. Now finish the job by performing the operation on

both ends of job.

8. Now the job has been completed.

39
 INTRODUCTION

Foundry: The place where jobs are prepared by melting

and
pouring the molten metal into moulds is known
as
foundry.

Mould: A mould is a cavity so prepared that can be used to

make casting by molten metal into it.

Pattern: Pattern is a model of anything which is used to

prepare moulds by placing it in sand.

Casting: The molten metal poured into mould on cooling is

known as casting.

Forgability: The capacity of a metal to get force is called

Forgability.

40
 TOOLS
1. Showel: It consist of iron pan with a wooden handle. It
can
be used for mixing and conditioning the sand
and
then transferring the mixture in some container.

2. Trowels: They are used for finishing flat surfaces and

corners inside a mould. They are made of iron
with a wooden handle.

3. Lifter: It is used to repairing a mould and finishing the

mould sand. Lifter is also use for removing loose

41
 sand from mould.

4. Hand Riddle: It is used for ridding of sand to remove

foreign material from it. It consist of
wooden
frame fitted with a screen of standard wire
mesh at the bottom.

5. Draw Spike: It is tapered steel rod having a loop or ring

at it
one end and a sharp point at the other. It is
used to tap and draw patterns from the
mould.

6. Mallet: It is similar wooden mallet as that used in

carpentry
work. In foundry work it is used for driving the
draw spikes into the pattern and then rapping it.

42
7. Moulding Boxes: The moulding boxes are used in sand
moulding. They are of two types:

a) Closed Moulding Boxes

b) Open type of snap flasks

Pattern
Pattern is an mirror image of the casting, when it is used
with suitable moulding it forms a cavity called as mould.
w\When this cavity is filled by molten metal an after
solidification we get the desired casting.

Types of patterns:-

1. Solid or single piece pattern.

2. Two piece or split pattern

43
3. Multipiece pattern.

4. Match plate pattern.

5. Gates pattern.

6. Skeleton pattern.

7. Sweep pattern.

8. Pattern with loose pieces.

9. Cope and drag pattern.

44
10. Follow board pattern.

11. Segmental pattern.

45
 INTRODUCTION
Fitting shop include fitting works which is very important
works in Engg. In fitting shop unwanted material is
removed with the help of hand tools. It is done for mating
repair and manufacturing purposes. The persons working in
fitting shop is called fitters. A fitter should have a complete
knowledge of tools used in the shop. Commonly used tools
are files, chiesels, hacksaw etc.

TOOLS USED IN FITTING SHOP

1. Clamping tools: The clamping tools that are used in

fitting shop is called vices and this is used for holding the
jobs firmly during various fitting operations. Different
types of vices are as follows:

• Bench Vice

46
• Leg Vice

• Hand vice

• Pin Vice

47
 • Pipe vice

2. MEASURING AND MARKING TOOLS

• Try Square
• Bevel Protector
• Combination Set

• Centre Square
• Scriber and Surface Gauge

48
• Dot Punch and Centre Punch

• Steel Rules
• Vernier Calliper

49
3. CUTTING TOOLS
The tools which are used to remove the materials are
known as cutting tools. They are as follows:-

• Hacksaw

Files

50
 • Chiesels

4. STRIKING TOOLS
Hammers are the tools generally used for striking in fitting
shop. These are used for chipping, fitting, punching, etc. A
hammer consists of a heavy iron body with a wooden
handle.
Types of hammers are:-

• Ball Pean Hammer

51
 • Straight Pean Hammer
• Cross Pean Hammer

5. MISCELLENEOUS TOOLS
• Drill

52
 Parts of Drilling Machine

• Taps
• Die and Die Stock
• Counter Sink

53
54
 INTRODUCTION
The major raw material used in carpentry shop is wood and
other helping materials are nails, screw, paints and glues.
The wood is available in the market in different shapes and
size. The process done in wood work is sawing, marking,
turning and chiseling, etc.

WOOD: wood is available in nature in the form of trees.

Useful parts of the tree are cut and is used for carpentry
work. Trunk is the most useful part of the tree.

TIMBER: The wood obtained from fully grown trees is cut

and is prepared for engineering purposes. This wood is
known as timber. Timber also have three forms: stationary,
rough form, commercial timber.

SEASONING OF WOOD
The process of removing moisture from freshly cut down
trees is known as seasoning. The wood used for
engineering purposes containing high percentage of

55
moisture may cause many types of problems, such as
shrinkage, warpage, distortion, etc.

ADVANTAGE OF SEASONING:-
1. Durability and strength is increased.

2. Workability is improved.

3. Fatigue of worker is reduced due to decrease in

weight.

4. Distortion is minimized.

5. Surface finished is improvement.

6. Resistance to fire is improved.

7. Ability for polishing and painting is improved.

SEASONING METHODS:-
• Natural Seasoning
• Kiln Seasoning
• Water Seasoning
• Chemical Seasoning

DEFECTS IN WOOD
It can be divide in following three categories:-

56
• Natural Defects are the defects which are caused in
the tree due to abnormality in the growth.

1. Knots
2. Shakes
3. Twisted Grains
4. Ring gall
5. Distortion
6. Surface hardening

• Defects are also caused during seasoning operation

1. Shakes
2. Distortion
3. Honey combing

• Some defects are also there due to termites or

insects.
1. Dry Rot
2. Wet Rot
3. Termites

TOOLS
57
 1. Measuring Tools
• Four fold box wood rule
• Steel rule
• Contraction Scale
• Inch tape

2. Marking Tools
• Pencil
• Scriber

• Marking Gauge

• Mortise gauge
• Bevel
• Compass or divider

3. Cutting Tools
• Rip saw

58
 • Bow saw

• Tenon Saw
• Coping saw
• Keyhole Saw
• Chiesels

4. Planing Tools
• Iron jack plane

• Wooden Jack Plane

• Trying Plane

59