■ adding

– moreover (very formal); furthermore (formal); in

Transition Words
■ balancing contrasting points
– on the other hand, while; whereas
■ emphasising a contrast
– however, nevertheless, mind you, still, yet; in
spite of this
■ similarity
– similarly; in the same way
■ concession and counter-argument
– concession: it is true; of course; certainly; if; may;
stressed do counter-argument: however; even so;
but; nevertheless; nonetheless; all the same; still
■ contradicting
– on the contrary
addition; as well as that: on top of that
(informal); another thing is; what is more;
besides; in any case
■ generalizing
– on the whole; in general; in all/most/many/
some cases; broadly speaking; by and large; to
a great extent; to some extent, apart from...;
except for
■ giving examples
– for instance; for example; e.g.; in particular
■ logical consequence
– therefore (formal); as a result (formal);
consequently (formal); so; then.
■ structuring
– first(ly), first of all, second(ly), third(ly) etc.;
lastly, finally; to begin with; to start with; in the
first/ second/ third place; for one thing; for
another thing.
■ summing up
– in conclusion; to sum up; briefly; in short
CONCLUSION
Concluding the Essay

● What do conclusions -- of stories, of movies, of essays, of

articles -- have in common?
● What makes a conclusion effective? Is there any
information that is essential to a concluding paragraph?
● When you write, what is the strategy you use to wrap up
the text?
Methods of Conclusion
There are many ways of constructing your conclusion paragraph. The most
common -- and the one we learn at school because of ENEM -- is by
1
summarizing the arguments you previously presented and then linking it to a
closing statement.

However, depending on your essay’s objectives, this might not be effective. If it

is so, try 2recommending a solution, 3predicting results, or even surprising
your audience by 4coming full-circle and bringing the introduction back in the
conclusion. If you are fond of powerful/philosophical thoughts, practice making
a favorite 5quotation your closing statement
Methods of Conclusion

Next you will look at closing paragraphs that exemplify each

method of conclusion. Observe the language and structure
used by the writer.

Can you identify the main topic of essay just by reading the
conclusion?
1) Summary conclusion
2) Recommendation conclusion
3) Prediction conclusion
4) Full Circle
conclusion
5) Quotation conclusion
Tips for concluding your essay
● For any topic, a summary of the main points would be an appropriate
concluding strategy, but consider other alternatives, too.
● If you used an anecdote or a particularly striking image in your
introductions, consider using a full-circle conclusion.
● Discussing plans or problems might fit better with a prediction conclusion -
a vote of confidence that you will get the expected results or will find
favorable solutions.
● Check to make sure you have not introduced any new material in your
conclusion.