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Language: English
Contents
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people
to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another,
and to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal
station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a
decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that
among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure
The Declaration of Independence of The by United States of America 3
these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed,--That whenever any Form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People
to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its
foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to
them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence,
indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be
changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath
shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable,
than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are
accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing
invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute
Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government,
and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the
patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which
constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history
of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and
usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute
Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid
world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for
the public good.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts
of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation
in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants
only.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be
elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have
returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the
mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and
convulsions within.
He has made judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their
offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the
Consent of our legislatures.
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders
which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and
altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and
destroyed the lives of our people.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to
bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their
friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
The Declaration of Independence of The by United States of America 6
-*-
Button Gwinnett
Lyman Hall
George Walton
-*-
William Hooper
Joseph Hewes
John Penn
-*-
Edward Rutledge
Arthur Middleton
-*-
John Hancock
-*-
Samuel Chase
William Paca
The Declaration of Independence of The by United States of America 8
Thomas Stone
-*-
George Wythe
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Harrison
Carter Braxton
-*-
Robert Morris
Benjamin Rush
Benjamin Franklin
John Morton
George Clymer
James Smith
George Taylor
The Declaration of Independence of The by United States of America 9
James Wilson
George Ross
-*-
Caesar Rodney
George Read
Thomas McKean
-*-
William Floyd
Philip Livingston
Francis Lewis
Lewis Morris
-*-
Richard Stockton
John Witherspoon
Francis Hopkinson
John Hart
Abraham Clark
-*-
The Declaration of Independence of The by United States of America 10
Josiah Bartlett
William Whipple
-*-
Samuel Adams
John Adams
Elbridge Gerry
-*-
Stephen Hopkins
William Ellery
-*-
Roger Sherman
Samuel Huntington
William Williams
Oliver Wolcott
-*-
Matthew Thornton
The Declaration of Independence of The by United States of America 11
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