Title: How the mass of the ammonium chloride affect the temperature change

Hypothesis: The hypothesis states that if the mass of the ammonium chloride is increased
then, the water temperature degrees due to endothermic reaction. Commented [1]: You need to put more detail into this
to gain the top marks.
Independent variable: Mass of Ammonium chloride

Dependent variable: The temperature of the water

Control variable: The volume of the water, the room temperature and the same thermometer.

Equipments:
● The 0.1 balance
● The measuring cylinder
● The beaker was chosen to keep hold of the extra water during the experiment for quick
access.
● 5 ml water was chosen because, during the preliminary test it was found out that the
more water in with the little amount of ammonium chloride did not have a massive
temperature change, so it would be hard to observe the change. Commented [2]: Was 5ml enough to dissolve all of
● The thermometer was chosen because it was needed to measure the temperature. your solid?
● The test tube
● Test tube stand, this is so that I won't be holding the test tube which my hand will emit Commented [3]: Try to avoid using I or we in the write-
heat, which then will make the temperature change. up.
● Ammonium chloride
● Pipette, I chose this because I think that it would be more accurate than pouring by hand
because a pipet gives drops of water so that it will not overfill the measurement.

Risk assessment
Some of the risk precautions you should take noticed is that safety glass is a must in case you
accidently touched and wiped your eye. To be safe for all students around you, you must clear
the place around you so that you would not break anything by mistake. To control these actions
I would tell my classmates that we are doing the experiment now and not to mess around.

Method:
First a safety glasses is worn. Then 4 glass of beakers was taken for the lab. 0.5 grams of
ammonium chloride was added into the first beaker, then 1 grams, then 1.5 grams and finally 2 Commented [4]: Why did you choose these values?
grams. Using a measuring cylinder measure 5 ml of water. Water is then poured into the test You should keep the same precision, e.g. 1.0g, 2.0g.
tube, this is repeated for the other four test tubes. Then ammonium chloride was added in.
Straight away the thermometer is put in the test tube. The results were recorded. Finally the
step is repeated starting from poring ammonium chloride.

Results:
Starting Temperature Mass of Temperatu 2nd repeat 3rd repeat Average Temperature change (°c)
(°c) Ammonium re (°c) (°c) (°c) Temperatu (Starting temperature -
Chloride re Average Temperature)Commented [5]: These values should be negative -
(g) (°c) the temperature is decreasing.

27 0.5 23.1 23 23 23 4 Commented [6]: Your thermometer measures to the

nearest 1 degree, so you can't have these values.

1 18.9 21 20 19.9 7.1 Commented [7]: Your thermometer measures to the

nearest 1 degree, so you can't have these values.

1.5 10.5 18 17 15.2 11.8

2 10.5 15 13.5 13 14

Commented [8]: Your graph should be decreasing -

the temperature is getting colder.

Conclusion:

The anomalies of the experiment was that the room temperature was not always constant, due
to human activities like opening doors and opening windows. The ammonium chloride in the test
tube was not completely dissolved which gave us an inaccurate result. Other anomalies were Commented [9]: What effect would this have?
that sometimes, some of the ammonium chloride does not always end up in the test tube, so the
this could have affected the temperature change.

In conclusion the hypothesis was right as the mass of the ammonium chloride is increased then,
the water temperature degrees due to endothermic reaction. The improvements that could be
done next time is to try and pour all of the ammonium chloride into the test tube, the doors could
be shut all the time and the windows too and finally try and dissolve all of the ammonium
chloride before take notes of the temperature.