13.

Women during World War I

a. joined the work force.
b. refused to support the death and destruction of war on principle.
c. were largely members of the Socialist Party.
d. used their newly won voting privileges to elect pacifist candidates.
e. All of these

23. The policy decision that most affected future relations between the Jewish and Palestinian
settlers was embodied in
a. the Balfour Declaration.
b. the Treaty of Brest Litovsk.
c. the Zimmerman Telegram.
d. the Dreyfus Affair.
e. the Doctors' Conspiracy.

25. Who was the leader of the Zionist movement?

a. Max Planck
b. Albert Einstein
c. Claude Shannon
d. Henry Zion
e. Theodore Herzl

27. The February Revolution in Russia was led by

a. Vladimir Lenin.
b. Alexander Kerensky.
c. Grigory Kornilov.
d. Leon Trotsky.
e. Rosa Luxemburg.

28. Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the

a. Bolsheviks.
b. Mensheviks.
c. Social Revolutionaries.
d. Provisional Government.
e. Young Turks.

31. In the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia

a. won territories from the defeated Germans.
b. gained considerable territory from Turkey.
c. lost territory, including Poland and Finland.
d. ended its horrific civil war.
e. secretly planned to reenter the war.

33. Which was not one of the significant parts of Wilson's fourteen-point plan to end the war?
a. German evacuation of occupied lands
b. Autonomy for nationalities under Ottoman rule
c. Forfeiture of all German agricultural lands
d. Formation of an association of nations to ensure the independence and territorial integrity
of all states
e. Inclusion of local populations to settle territorial disputes

35. The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919

a. was a germ warfare attack by the Germans.
b. killed 1 million.
c. killed 20 million.
 d. did not kill people, but killed horses.
e. was contained with the use of antibiotics.

39. Woodrow Wilson's proposal for settlement of the European affairs was based on his
principle of:
a. liberalism.
b. self-determination.
c. home rule.
d. mandates.
e. protectorate status.

42. Lenin's New Economic Policy in 1921

a. created "labor brigades" to run factories.
b. gave government full control of agriculture.
c. allowed private ownership of land and all but the largest businesses.
d. made the economy part of the military.
e. outlawed the Christian church.

45. The Communist Party's long-term vision of the Soviet Union focused on creating:
a. a modern industrial economy without private property.
b. a balanced economy with agriculture and industry under the auspices of the bourgeoisie.
c. a temporary state of capitalism followed by annihilation of the propertied classes.
d. world domination.
e. a military industrial complex to gain revenge on the Germans.

50. Before the twentieth century, what was the only nation in which women had the right to
vote?
a. Norway
b. Germany
c. England
d. New Zealand
e. Turkey

54. Stalin's First Five-Year Plan stressed

a. increases in electricity and heavy industries.
b. production of consumer goods for export.
c. acquiring colonies to protect the Soviet economy.
d. decentralized control and economic incentives.
e. participation in the European Union.

66. Which two countries were particularly hard hit by the Depression?
a. England and Japan
b. Japan and Germany
c. France and Germany
d. England and France
e. Canada and Venezuela

75. Hitler's "master race" reserved intense hatred for

a. Italians.
b. Russians.
c. French.
d. Scandinavians.
e. Jews.
76. Hitler's goal for Germany included all of the following except
a. the repeal of the Treaty of Versailles.
b. to take over all German-speaking territory.
c. to expand into Poland.
d. to eliminate the Jews from Europe.
e. to divide the Western world from the Eastern by a tripartite pact with Japan.

78. What were the reasons for the politics of "appeasement"?

a. Fear of war
b. Fear of communism
c. Lack of familiarity with fascist tactics
d. Belief that one's word was as good as a contract, according to Neville Chamberlain
e. All of these

79. In 1935, Mussolini took advantage of the weakness of the Western democracies and
a. invaded Ethiopia.
b. launched a bombing campaign against France.
c. ended diplomatic relations with Britain.
d. sent military aid to Germany.
e. annexed Sicily.

80. Hitler's first invasion with a newly rearmed Germany was in

a. Czechoslovakia
b. Poland
c. Austria.
d. Belgium.
e. Finland.
81. Hitler signed a "secret pact" with which world leader in 1939?
a. Japan
b. Italy.
c. USSR
d. Spain
e. Yugoslavia
REF: p. 805

82. The German Blitzkrieg meant, literally,

a. death from above.
b. no surrender.
c. total war.
d. lightning war.
e. secret war.
REF: p. 808

83. In the early years of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded which of the following
countries?
a. Germany and Japan
b. Germany and Italy
c. Poland and the Baltic States
d. France and China
e. Greece and Turkey
REF: p. 808

84. Why was the winter of 1939-40 termed a period of "phony war?"
a. The revelation of the Soviet-German pact over Poland was revealed.
b. Britain and France declared war on Germany but took no action.
c. The perception was that there was no real war without US involvement.
d. The Soviet Union did not actively fight, but let winter kill off most of their enemies.
e. none of these.
REF: p. 808

85. The Battle of Britain was conducted primarily by

a. air attacks.
b. submarines.
c. naval warships.
d. ground force invasion on the beaches at Hastings.
e. detonating a magneto-electric pulse on London to wipe out all electric power.
REF: p. 808

86. Hitler's resumption of offensive tactics in 1940 focused on which area?

a. Scandanavia and Belgium
b. France
c. North Africa
d. Hungary
e. Poland
REF: p. 808

87. Per his earlier writings in Mein Kampf, Hitler's plan for Russia was
a. to enslave the Slavic people and create "living space" to the East.
b. complete genocide of all Bolsheviks.
c. to work in cooperation with Stalin to execute all Jews.
d. to take over the fertile agricultural lands of western Russia.
e. to install Catholicism in place of the Russian Orthodox Church.
 REF: p. 809 | p. 803

88. One of the fiercest battles on the Eastern front between USSR and Germany was at
a. Lvov
b. Stalingrad
c. Moscow
d. Riga
e. Odessa.
REF: p. 810

89. The German army was routed from North Africa by which army?
a. British
b. Moroccan.
c. Egyptian
d. Arabic
e. Italian.
REF: p. 810

90. The prime motivation for the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia was
a. its abundant oil and rubber production.
b. the opportunity to defeat Western powers.
c. to keep the Japanese people satisfied.
d. to keep the United States from entering the war.
e. to avenge the execution of Japanese sailors in 1938.
REF: p. 810

91. On December 7, 1941,

a. the Yalta Conference took place and set in motion the plans for the Axis defeat.
b. Japanese planes bombed the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
c. Japan surrender to the United States to end World War II.
d. the Soviet Union invaded north China.
e. the United States army invaded the home islands of Japan.
ANS: B REF: p. 811

92. The key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was

a. holding the Philippine Islands.
b. aircraft carriers.
c. the base at Pearl Harbor.
d. the atomic bomb.
e. short supply lines.
REF: p. 811

93. The start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe began on June 6, 1944, known
as
a. The Big One
b. D-Day
c. Operation Caprica
d. The Norman Invasion
e. Battle of the Bulge
REF: p. 812

94. The final defeat of Japan took longer than victory over Germany in large part because
a. of fanatical Japanese resistance.
b. the Japanese had captured so much more territory.
 c. the United States had concentrated its efforts on Germany.
d. the Allies were unsure of whether to use the atomic bomb.
e. ice floes surrounded the islands of Japan.
REF: p. 812

95. The end of the war in the Pacific arena was controversial because of
a. the U.S. use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
b. the refusal of the United States to consider any alternatives.
c. international objection to the slaughter of civilian populations.
d. the environmental effects of radioactivity.
e. the economic devastation that would occur to the rest of Japan.
REF: p. 812-813

96. Soviet deaths during World War II numbered between ____ million.
a. 2 and 3
b. 5 and 6
c. 10 and 12
d. 20 and 25
e. 45 and 50
REF: p. 814

97. Which of the following scientific and technological innovations were not spurred by World War
II?
a. Synthetic rubber
b. Machine guns
c. Antibiotics
d. Nuclear weapons
e. Radar
REF: p. 814

98. The Holocaust is estimated to have killed ____ Jews.

a. 500,000
b. 1 million
c. 3 million
d. 6 million
e. 10 million
REF: p. 814

99. Which group was not murdered by the Nazis in the interest of "racial purity"?
a. Homosexuals
b. The disabled and mentally ill
c. Aryans
d. Gypsies
e. The Polish elite
REF: p. 816

100. Which of the following was not a result of increased United States production during World War
II?
a. It ended the Depression and unemployment.
b. It created a post-World War II consumer boom.
c. It helped improve nutrition in the United States.
d. The economy performed at a minimal level.
e. It was double that of all the Axis nations.
REF: p. 817
101. One of the most significant long-lasting consequences of World War II in the United
States was the
a. recruitment of women and minorities into the labor force.
b. end of any German military threat.
c. loss of the U.S. Pacific colonies.
d. encouragement of racial discrimination.
e. extension of mandatory retirement until age sixty-five.
REF: p. 817

102. The main cause of environmental stress during World War II was the
a. scarring of battlefields by enormous armies.
b. tremendous number of refugees.
c. economic development, which increased demand for raw materials.
d. bombing of cities into ruins.
e. massive numbers of diseased corpses.
REF: p. 818

103. Which is most true of the communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?
a. They were uniform in character.
b. They were subservient to the USSR.
c. They had never engaged in an armed conflict with another communist state.
d. Deep divisions had appeared among communist states.
e. The collapse of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact states was widely foreseen and
predicted in the 1980s.
REF: p. 882

104. The policy of restructuring the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev was
known as
a. perestroika.
b. glasnost.
c. samizdat.
d. kulak.
e. tanizat.
REF: p. 882

105. Solidarity was

a. a labor union of Polish shipyard workers.
b. supported by the Catholic Church in Poland.
c. a union that caused the Polish government to impose martial law.
d. a potent force with nationally recognized leaders.
e. all of these.
REF: p. 882

106. The playwright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was
a. Nicolae Ceausescu.
b. Vaclav Havel.
c. Lech Walesa.
 d. Petr Andropov.
e. Andrei Sakharov.
REF: p. 883

107. East Germany was united with West Germany in

a. 1975.
b. 1980.
c. 1985.
d. 1990.
e. 1998.
REF: p. 883

108. What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

a. Racism
b. Mercantilism
c. Nationalism
d. Capitalism
e. Pacifism
REF: p. 883

109. The result of the hard-line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that
a. Boris Yeltsin led popular resistance to the coup.
b. disgust with communism boiled over.
c. the Russian Republic effectively took the place of the USSR.
d. the coup failed.
e. All of these
REF: p. 883

110. The Soviet Union was dissolved in

a. 1991.
b. 1985.
c. 1979.
d. 1994.
e. None of these
REF: p. 883

111. After the fall of the Soviet Union, nationalism and diversity undermined the Balkan
nation of
a. Czechoslovakia
b. Greece
c. Yugoslavia
d. Bulgaria
e. Estonia.
REF: p. 883

112. Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans occurred between

a. Christian Serbians and Muslims.
b. Serbians and Ottomans.
c. Greeks and Serbians.
 d. Russians and Croatians.
e. Albanians and Armenians.
REF: p. 883

113. NATO forces were dispatched to the Balkans and used air strikes against Serbia to stop ethnic
cleansing in:
a. Albania.
b. Montenegro
c. Bosnia-Herzogovinia
d. Kosovo
e. Croatia
REF: p. 883-884

114. After serving two terms as a democratic but authoritarian president of Russia, Vladimir
Putin
a. became director of a private natural gas company
b. returned to be a service officer in the KGB
c. engineered the election of his protégé and became Prime Minister.
d. retired to his palace in Sochi.
e. became a professor of political science at Harvard.
REF: p. 909

115. In 2002, the European Union promoted economic growth and free trade by
a. signing NAFTA agreements.
b. taking advantage of loans from the United Nations.
c. bringing a law suit against the Tri-Lateral Commission.
d. adopting a common currency, the euro.
e. unifying all of Europe into one single country.
REF: p. 904

116. The North American Free Trade Agreement

a. raised tariffs with Canada.
b. allowed the world free trade with North America.
c. was never agreed to.
d. eliminated tariffs among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
e. was one of the great accomplishments of the European Union.
REF: p. 905

117. The World Trade Organization was founded to

a. end international trade.
b. reduce trade barriers and enforce international trade agreements.
c. combat terrorism.
d. promote protectionism.
e. protect labor unions.
REF: p. 906

118. Why does the World Trade Organization attract critics and protests?
a. It is dominated by communist sympathizers.
b. It donates its profits to antiabortion advocates.
c. It is extremely pro-labor.
d. Many fear the loss of job opportunities as manufacturers relocate to poorer countries.
e. It has been exposed as a "front" for the CIA.
REF: p. 906
 119.An important force to promoting human rights has been through philanthropic bodies
known as:
a. nonprofit organizations.
b. non-aligned nations.
c. nongovernment organizations.
d. private charities.
e. transnational conglomerates.
REF: p. 917

120. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights reflected

a. its intention to remove guns from the U.S. population.
b. an international consensus against racism and imperialism.
c. its intention to try leaders of the major powers as war criminals.
d. its understanding of slavery as a culturally defined phenomenon.
e. all of these.
REF: p. 917

121. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has most often been criticized because
a. there has been no attempt to enforce it.
b. it is too vague and unclear.
c. its "universal" principles are largely Western in origin.
d. it does not demand equality for women.
e. All of these
REF: p. 917

122. "NGOs" is an acronym for

a. nuclear grade ores.
b. network global operations.
c. nations gaining oil.
d. nongovernmental organizations.
e. national gender opposition.
REF: p. 917

123. Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they
a. normally returned home after only a few months.
b. vote for conservative candidates in general elections.
c. were expelled from most European countries in the late 1990s.
d. face anti-immigrant discrimination and resentment.
e. None of these
REF: p. 892-893

124. Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to

a. labor shortages in the host country.
b. illegal activity among immigrant groups.
c. an ethnically derived sense of nationality.
d. expanding economic opportunity.
e. all of these.
REF: p. 893

125. Which of the following is not true about technological innovation after World War II?
a. It gave rise to an economic expansion and increased productivity.
b. It changed the way people lived, worked, and played.
c. It caused a decline in world agricultural production due to the focus on technology, leading
to widespread starvation.
d. It intensified environmental destruction.
 e. It increased the power of industrialized nations relative to the developing world.
REF: p. 893

126. As Western economies recovered from World War II, most

a. new technologies increased labor requirements.
b. consumers sought new goods to purchase.
c. people wanted to stop government spending on the production of weapons.
d. industries resisted applying new technologies.
e. governments insisted on "balanced budget" amendments.
REF: p. 893

127. The most influential technology of the last three decades has been
a. the computer.
b. nuclear energy.
c. industrial robots.
d. jet airplane transportation.
e. the combustion engine.
REF: p. 893

128. The primary agent of technological change is the

a. small businessman.
b. transnational corporation.
c. government.
d. university.
e. research laboratory.
REF: p. 894

129. What factors have contributed to the globalization of fast food?

a. later marriage ages in modern industrial societies
b. busy schedules mean less family meals
c. increased immigration and travel.
d. greater cultural promotion in various media
e. all of these
REF: p. 896

130. Which country has arguably the worst environmental record?

a. The United States
b. England
c. The former Soviet Union
d. China
e. Canada
REF: p. 897

131. Efforts to preserve the environment include

a. the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
b. promoting the use of solar and wind power.
c. manufacturing fuel-efficient cars.
d. recycling efforts.
e. all of these.
REF: p. 897