Sources

Iceland Iceland
Thompson, Andrea, 2010 March 22, How Did Iceland
Due to Iceland having the most volcanic activity Form?, https://www.livescience.com/8129-iceland-
on Earth; it is responsible for 1/3rd of fresh lave form.html
on Earth! Arctic Adventures, Volcanoes: Everything You Wanted
to Know About the Volcanoes of Iceland,
https://adventures.is/information/icelandic-volcanoes/

Alaska
NROC. “Intermediate Algebra.” Lumen, Open SUNY
Textbooks,
https://www.livescience.com/44412-1964-alaska-
Alaska earthquake-facts.html

Lutuya Bay generated the biggest tsunami

recorded as waves reached 1,720 ft. high. Guadeloupe
1.
Freeman, Bailey. “Caribbean Travel Post
Hurricane: Essential Information.” Lonely Planet,
Lonely Planet, 14 Dec. 2017
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/caribbean/travel- Stop 1: Iceland
tips-and-articles/caribbean-travel-after-irma-and-
maria-essential-information/40625c8c-8a11- Stop 2: Alaska
Guadeloupe 5710-a052-1479d27689fc
Stop 3: Guadeloupe
Slow moving hurricanes produce more rainfall
and can result in more damage from flooding
than faster-moving powerful hurricanes.
 Iceland (Lithosphere)
Iceland is no stranger to volcanic eruptions.
The entire island was formed approximately
70 million years due to the volcanism at the
mid-Atlantic ride combined with hotspot
volcanism. As the mid-Atlantic ridge spreads
apart, lava comes to the surface to create new
ocean floor. Sometimes volcanoes do pop up
along the ridge, but mostly this is a fissure
zone. In the case of Iceland, however, a
hotspot emerged along the ridge. The
combined output of hotspot and the ridge
eventually gave birth to what is now Iceland.
The ridge is home to the majority of the
volcanoes on the map. There are still areas of
spreading that become active fissure fountain
zones even today. The island currently has an
estimated 130 volcanoes, and around 32 of
them are currently deemed active. Although
nothing can prevent natural disasters from
happening, safety regulations have been
enforced throughout Iceland as they are
seeking for the approval of night operations
at airports and having more communication
throughout social media.
Alaska (Hydrosphere)
Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes that produce
overwhelming submarine landslides that cause
disturbances throughout territories. In Alaska
tsunamis can be triggered through volcanic
eruption, landslide and earthquakes. The
earthquake caused large vertical displacements at
an approximate 200,000 square miles beneath
Prince William Sound that generated a major
tectonic tsunami that struck the southeast coast.
Surges of water are sent sometimes reaching
heights over 100 feet onto land caused by the
undersea earthquakes of tectonic plate
boundaries. On March 27,1964 Alaska
experienced one of the strongest earthquakes
recorded in modern times, with an estimated
magnitude of 9.2. Which caused a triggered
series of devastating tsunamis throughout Alaska;
one being the seaport of Valdez. The tsunami’s
current was strong enough reaching Vancouver
Island six hours after the earthquake and the
waves causing damage even as far as Los
Angeles. Although tsunamis can’t be prevented
from occurring, the impact of the tsunami can be
mitigated through the communities timely
warning, effective response and preparedness. As
well it is encouraged to climb to higher ground
levels at least 30 meters above sea.
Guadeloupe (Atmosphere)
Hurricanes are the most violent storms on
Earth. In Petit-Bourg on Guadeloupe - a
French island in the Caribbean there’s a lot of
activity concerning tropical cyclones, and
hurricanes making landfall throughout cities.
Hurricanes in Guadeloupe are developed as
the shallower waters around the island make
landfall gaining enough traction from the
ocean waters. Also known by other names
such as tropical cyclones they form over the
Atlantic Ocean or eastern Pacific Oceans due
to warmth of the equator that rise and form
cumulonimbus clouds. Because of the Earth’s
rotation on its axis, storms that form north of
the equator spin counterclockwise as storms in
the south spin clockwise. On September 2014
a havoc storm resulting in a Category 5 called
Hurricane Hugo battered the small Caribbean
Island causing devastations amongst the
village. Maximum sustained winds of 160pmh
caused destructive waves to raise water levels
by as much as 7 to 11 feet above normal
warning residents to evacuate as cars and
homes were being submerged by the storm.
Since natural disasters are unpreventable
occurrences that take place, certain ways in
protecting yourself from hurricanes would be
preparing a basic disaster kit that includes
food, water, flashlight, batteries and first aid
supplies.