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QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : EE6404 – MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
SEM / YEAR: IV/II
UNIT I -INTRODUCTION
Functional elements of an instrument – Static and dynamic characteristics – Errors in
measurement – Statistical evaluation of measurement data – Standards and calibration.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Define gross and random errors. (BTL-1) Remember
3. Describe the measuring lag and fidelity of dynamic characteristics of (BTL-2) Understand
instrument.
8. The true value of a voltage is 100V. The values indicated by a (BTL-3) Apply
measuring instrument are 104, 103,105,103 and 105V. Calculate
the accuracy and precision of the measurement.
16. How are the absolute and relative errors expressed mathematically? (BTL-2) Understand
17. Define limiting error. Derive the expression for relative limiting (BTL-4) Analyze
error.
18. Define linear time invariant and line time invariant systems. (BTL-6) Create
Prepare some examples for the same.
20. Compare moving coil with moving iron instruments. (BTL-4) Analyze
PART - B
1. By using a micrometer screw, the following readings were taken of (BTL-6) Create
a certain length:1.34, 1.38, 1.56,1.47,1.42,1.44,1.53,1.48,1.40,1.59
mm. Formulate the necessary equations and calculate the
following:
a. Arithmetic mean
b. Average deviation
c. standard deviation and
d. variance (13)
2. (i) Discuss the different types of standards of measurement. (6) (BTL-2) Understand
(ii)Describe the static and dynamic characteristics of measuring
instruments. (7) (BTL-1) Remember
3. (i) Explain the functional elements of an instrument with a neat (BTL-4) Analyze
block diagram (8)
(ii)Define accuracy and reproducibility of an instrument and (BTL-1) Remember
explain. (5)
4. (i) What are the different types of error? Explain how to eliminate (BTL-4) Analyze
errors in instrument. (8)
(ii)Describe primary and secondary standards in instruments. (5) (BTL-1) Remember
5. Describe the functional elements of an instrument with the block (BTL-1) Remember
diagram and draw the static and dynamic characteristics. (13)
6. A circuit was tuned for resonance by eight different students and (BTL-3) Apply
the value of resonant frequency in kHz were recorded as
532,548,543,535,546,531,543 and 536 calculate
a. Arithmetic mean
b. Deviation
c. standard deviation
d. average deviation (13)
7. Describe about various methods of Calibration and explain with (BTL-1) Remember
suitable example (13)
8. (i) Describe the various modes of statistical evaluation of (BTL-1) Remember
Measurement data. (7)
(BTL-2) Understand
(ii)Discuss in detail about calibration (6)
9. (i)Explain any four static characteristics of
measuring (BTL-5) Evaluate
instruments. (7)
(BTL-4) Analyze
(ii) How are errors classified? Explain systematic error. (6)
10. (i) Explain the classification of standards in detail. (6) (BTL-5) Evaluate
(ii) How are histogram and arithmetic mean helpful in the
statistical analysis of data? (7) (BTL-4) Analyze
11. (i) Discuss the different types of standards and errors of (BTL-2) Understand
Measurements. (7)
12. Discuss in detail the types of errors and sources of errors in (BTL-2) Understand
measurement techniques. (13)
13. In a test, temperature is measured 100 times with variations in (BTL-3) Apply
apparatus and procedures. After applying the correction, the results
are:
TempºC 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405
Frequency 1 3 12 23 37 16 4 2 2
of
occurrence
Calculate.
(i) Arithmetic mean
(ii) Mean deviation
(iii) Standard deviation (13)
14. A set of ten readings were recorded while measuring the stator (BTL-3) Apply
temperature of an electric machine .The readings were 52.4, 55.1,
56, 55.4, 57, 54, 53.7, 51.7, 54.9, 53.7 degree Celsius. Calculate:
(i) The Standard deviation
(ii) The probable error of one reading and
(iii) The probable error of mean. (13)
PART - C
1. Draw and explain the block diagram of generalized instrumentation (BTL-6) Create
System. (15)
2. What are the different inputs for studying the dynamic response of a (BTL-6) Create
system? Compose and Sketch them. (15)
3. Define Time, Frequency, Voltage and Resistance Standards and (BTL-6) Create
prepare each of them in detail. (15)
4. (i) Compose the three categories of systematic errors in the (BTL-6) Create
instrument and explain in detail. (7)
(ii) Compose the Normal or Gaussian curve of errors in the study of (BTL-6) Create
random effects. (8)
UNIT II -ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTS
Principle and types of analog and digital voltmeters, ammeters, multimeters – Single and three
phase wattmeters and energy meters – Magnetic measurements – Determination of B-H curve
and measurements of iron loss – Instrument transformers – Instruments for measurement of
frequency and phase.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Will you interpret the purpose of shunts in the voltmeter? (BTL-2) Understand
3. How are basic instruments converted into higher range ammeter? (BTL-3) Apply
5. Illustrate the types of analog ammeter used for instrumentation. (BTL-4) Analyze
6. Why PMMC ammeters are the most widely used instrument? (BTL-3) Apply
8. Why the ordinary wattmeters are not suitable for low power factor (BTL-4) Analyze
circuits?
9. How does one extend the range of ammeter and voltmeter? (BTL-2) Understand
15. List out the various causes which incur errors in a dynamometer (BTL-1) Remember
wattmeter.
16. Define phase meter? Point out the types of phase meter. (BTL-1) Remember
17. List out the methods used for measurement of iron loss in (BTL-1) Remember
ferromagnetic materials.
18. State the reason for the two types of errors in a potential (BTL-1) Remember
transformer.
19. An absolute electrometer has a movable circular plate 10 cm in (BTL-3) Apply
diameter. Determine the potential difference across the plates if the
plates during measurement are 6 mm apart and the force of
attraction is 4x10-3 N.
20. What is the need to evaluate phase-angle error in instrument (BTL-5) Evaluate
transformer?
PART - B
1. (i) Discuss with a neat sketch explain the working principal of (BTL-1) Remember
PMMC instrument. (7)
2. Discuss with circuit and phasor diagram, describe the working of (BTL-1) Remember
single phase ac energy meter. (13)
3. What is meant by Damping? And explain the different methods of (BTL-1) Remember
damping in detail? (13)
4. Describe the construction and working of permanent magnet (BTL-2) Understand
moving coil instrument. Also derive the expression for deflection
(13)
5. Obtain the mathematical expression for deflecting torque and (BTL-1) Remember
controlling torque for the DC ammeter .And also write the
advantages and disadvantages. (13)
6. (i) Discuss the working principle of operation of (BTL-1) Remember
electrodynamometer type of instruments with its constructional
diagram. (7) (BTL-6) Create
(ii) A PMMC ammeter gives reading of 40mA when connected
across two opposite corners of a bridge rectifier, the other two
corners of which are connected in series with a capacitor to 100 k,
50 Hz supply. Compose the value for capacitance. (7)
7. Write a technical note on the magnetic measurements. (13) (BTL-2) Understand
8. (i) Explain the methods of turns compensation used in current (BTL-5) Evaluate
transformers to reduce ratio error. (7)
(ii)Explain the term “loading” in voltmeter and give the method to Analyze
remove the adverse effect of the same (6) (BTL-4)
9. (i) The coil of instrument has 42.5 turns. The mean width of the (BTL-3) Apply
coil is 2.5cm and the axial length of the coil is 2 cm. If the flux
density is 0.1 Wb/m2, calculate the torque on the moving coil in
Nm. (5)
(ii) A 100/5A current transformer having a rated burden of 25 VA (BTL-3)
has an iron loss of 0.4W and a magnetizing current of 2 A. Apply
Calculate its ratio error and phase angle error when supplying rated
output current to a meter having a ratio of resistance to reactance 5.
(8)
10. (i) How to measure the power using instrument transformers? (BTL-5) Evaluate
Explain. (6)
(ii) How is multi-meter used to measure different parameters?
Explain. (7)
11. (i) How do you demonstrate the B-H curve using “step by step” (BTL-3) Apply
method? (6)
(ii) What are the different methods used for the measurement of (BTL-4) Analyze
frequency? Explain any one method. (7)
14. Describe the constructional and working of an induction type (BTL-6) Create
wattmeter. Also derive an expression for the average torque which
is proportional to power. (13)
PART - C
2. A moving coil instrument gives a full scale deflection for a current (BTL-5) Evaluate
of 20mA with a potential difference of 200mV across it. Calculate:
1) Shunt required to use it as an ammeter to get a range of 0-200A.
2) Multiplier required to use it as voltmeter of range 0-500V.
PART – A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
3. With the neat circuit diagram, illustrate the balanced equation of (BTL-3) Apply
Wheatstone bridge.
4. Draw the circuit diagram write the expression for unknown (BTL-2) Understand
inductance and its resistance of Anderson’s bridge.
7. Write the necessary balance condition for a Schering bridge (BTL-1) Remember
8. Evaluate why there are two conditions of balance in AC bridges? (BTL-5) Evaluate
9. Which bridge is used to measure incremental inductance? Write the (BTL-2) Understand
expression.
11. Generalize the active and passive bridge circuits? (BTL-6) Create
14. State the features of ratio transformers which make them popular for (BTL-3) Apply
bridge applications.
15. What is an isolation amplifier? Analyze and write where is it used? (BTL-4) Analyze
16. State the condition for balance in a wheatstone bridge. (BTL-2) Understand
17. What is the use of potentiometer in the field of electrical (BTL-4) Analyze
measurement?
18. Convince the need of screening? (BTL-5) Evaluate
19. What are the main causes of ground loop currents? (BTL-6) Create
PART – B
1. Quote the procedure of measuring a low resistance with help of (BTL-1) Remember
Kelvin’s double bridge. Derive the relation to find unknown
resistance. (13)
2. Describe in detail about: (BTL-3) Understand
a. Interference and screening
b. Multiple earth and earth loops. (13)
3. With the circuit diagram, describe the principle of operation of duo- (BTL-1) Remember
range DC Potentiometer. (13)
4. (i) Draw a neat diagram of Kelvin double bridge and explain how to (BTL-4) Analyze
measure low resistance. (7)
(ii)Obtain an expression for measurement of inductance using (BTL-4) Create
Maxwell‘s inductance bridge with a neat circuit diagram. (6)
8. (i) Explain the construction of Anderson’s bridge. Derive the (BTL-4) Analyze
unknown quantities at balance condition. Also write it’s advantages
and disadvantages. (7)
(ii) Determine the insulation resistance of a short length of cable
in which voltage falls from 125 to 100 V in 25 seconds. The (BTL-3) Apply
capacity of the condenser is 600*10-12F. (6)
9. (i) How does one measure the resistance using potentiometer? (7) (BTL-3) Apply
(ii) Estimate the way to measure the phase angle using ratio
transformer? (6) (BTL-2) Understand
10. (i)Explain in detail the electro-static and electro-magnetic (BTL-4) Analyze
interference. (7)
(ii)Describe the Importance of Grounding. What are the different (BTL-2) Understand
grounding techniques used? (6)
11. Draw the diagram of Co-ordinate type A.C. potentiometer and (BTL-2) Understand
explain its working principle. (13)
12. (i) Explain the theory and working principle of Wheat stone’s (BTL-2) Understand
Bridge. Derive the relation for finding unknown resistance. (7)
(ii) Describe any one method for the measurements of high (BTL-2) Understand
resistance. (6)
13. (i) With the help of Schering bridge, explain how loss angle of a (BTL-1) Remember
dielectric can be determined. (7)
(ii) Explain the measurements of frequency by Wien’s bridge. (6) (BTL-1) Remember
14. (i) Explain the theory and working principle of Hay’s Bridge. (BTL-1) Remember
Derive the relation for finding unknown resistance and inductance (7)
(ii) Obtain an expression for measurement of inductance
using Anderson’s bridge with a neat circuit diagram. (6) (BTL-1) Remember
PART-C
1. Design a volt-ratio box with a resistance of 20 ohms/volt and ranges (BTL-6) Create
3V, 10V, 30V, 100V.The Volt-ratio box is to be used with a
Potentiometer having a measuring rang of 1.6V.
2. Evaluate the expression for the current through the galvanometer in (BTL-5) Evaluate
case of unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge. And also state its
application
3. In the wheatstone bridge shown below, the value of R1=200Ω, R2=800Ω (BTL-6) Create
and R3=300Ω. The bridge is excited by a 200V dc source. Determine the
power dissipation by the resistor R4 when the bridge is balanced.
PART – A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
5. Illustrate how does dynamic scattering type LCD work? (BTL-3) Apply
7. Why is a delay line used in the vertical section of a oscilloscope? (BTL-1) Remember
10. Generalize the types of printers according to printing methodology (BTL-6) Create
12. Quote the principle of operation of ink jet printer. (BTL-1) Remember
13. Deduce the purpose of post deflection acceleration (PDA) in CRT. (BTL-5) Evaluate
14. Explain the following term as applied to digital displays: 3 ½ digit (BTL-4) Analyze
and ½ digit displays.
15. List the basic components of a tape recorder? (BTL-1) Remember
16. A 31/2 digit voltmeter is used for measurement. What is its (BTL-2) Understand
resolution? How it would display a reading of 12.57V in 100V
scale?
17. Contrast line printer and dot matrix printer (BTL-2) Understand
18. Compare the dual trace and dual beam CRO. (BTL-5) Evaluate
20. Illustrate the different materials used in LED? Also name the (BTL-3) Apply
colours emitted.
PART – B
1. (i) Describe construction and working of magnetic tape recorder. (BTL-1) Remember
(6)
(ii) With a help of simplified block diagram, explain the (BTL-5) Evaluate
construction and operating principle of general purpose Cathode
Ray Oscilloscope. (7)
2. (i) Develop a neat block diagram of X-Y recorder and describe (BTL-6) Create
its working. (7)
(ii) Explain the principle and working of CRT display with a neat (BTL-5) Evaluate
diagram. (6)
3. (i) Illustrate the principle of segmental display and dot (BTL-1) Remember
matrices display for numeric and alpha numeric displays. (7)
(ii) Give short notes on data logging. (6) (BTL-3) Apply
4. With the help of the fundamental block diagram, explain the working (BTL-4) Analyze
principle of digital storage oscilloscope, mention its advantages over
analog CRO? (13)
5. Describe the direct and frequency modulation magnetic tape (BTL-1) Remember
recording types. Give its merits and demerits. (13)
6. Relate and contrast the working, advantages and disadvantages of (BTL-3) Apply
LED and LCD. (13)
7. Generalize the short notes on (BTL-6) Create
(i) Magnetic disk and tape (7)
8. Give the basic block diagram of a digital data recording system. (13) (BTL-2) Understand
10. a) List out the advantages of X-Y records over strip chart (BTL-1) Remember
recorder. (3)
b) List the advantages of laser printer. (3)
c) Interpret power requirement of LCD? (3)
d) Describe the different types of sweeps used in CRO
(4)
11. What are the advantages of using a magnetic tape recorder? Explain (BTL-1) Remember
how the tape recorder works with suitable diagrams. (13)
12. Write a short note on plotter. Compare it with a printer and state its (BTL-1) Remember
uses. (13)
13. Explain the Dot matrix printer working and sketch the construction (BTL-2) Understand
layout. (13)
14. Illustrate the working principle of data logger and sketch the layout. (BTL-3) Apply
(13)
PART – C
PART – A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
3. Arrange the following ADCs in the descending order of speed? (BTL-4) Analyze
a. Integrating type
b. Counter type
c. Successive approximation type
d. Flash type
4. Classify the any four types of Analog to Digital converter? (BTL-3) Apply
6. Develop the block diagram for 4 bit Analog to Digital Converter. (BTL-6) Create
8. Point out the two ways that the DAS are used to measure and (BTL-4) Analyze
record analog signals
9. Show some of the active transducers which are used in the (BTL-3) Apply
measurement of temperature.
10. What are the basic requirements of the transducer? (BTL-6) Create
13. Interpret the need of ADC and DAC in Digital Data Acquisition (BTL-2) Understand
System.
14. Describe inverse transducers with example (BTL-1) Remember
15. Estimate the output expected out of an LVDT provided with (BTL-2) Understand
unidirectional excitation, while measuring a displacement of 3cm?
19. Explain in brief about gauge factor? Give its expression. (BTL-4) Analyze
PART-B
3. Tell about the selection criteria for the transducer? Explain the (BTL-1) Remember
working principle of LVDT with neat sketch and characteristics.
Give advantages, disadvantages and applications of LVDT. (13)
4. (i) Explain in brief about data acquisition system? With (BTL-4) Analyze
generalized block diagram, explain the functions of it. (7)
(ii) Describe about smart sensors. (6) (BTL-1) Remember
7. (i) Describe the basic operation of A/D converters utilizing (BTL-1) Remember
D/A converter. (7) (BTL-1) Remember
(ii) Describe the concept of smart sensors. (6)
8. (i) Describe the measurement of resistance using strain gauge. (BTL-1) Remember
(7)
(ii) Describe the various factors influencing the type of (BTL-2) Understand
transducer for a particular application. (6)
9. (i) Describe the construction and working of unbounded and (BTL-1) Remember
bounded type strain gauges. (7)
(ii) Explain the construction and working of optical encoders (BTL-5) Evaluate
with neat diagram. (6)
10. (i) With neat block diagram describe about the digital data, (BTL-1) Remember
acquisition System. (7)
(ii) Explain the successive approximation method of A/D
Converter. (6) (BTL-2) Understand
11. (i) Describe in detail, the working principle of capacitive (BTL-3) Remember
Microphone. (7)
(ii) Write a detailed technical note on smart sensors .Explain also
the various built in features of them compared to conventional
sensors. (6)
12. Explain the principle of the following transducers: (BTL-3) Remember
(i) Thermistors (7)
(ii) LVDT (6)
13. How are A/D converter classified? With neat diagram explain (BTL-4) Analyze
the construction and principle of successive approximation type
ADC. (13)
14. With the neat block diagram explain single and multichannel data (BTL-4) Analyze
acquisition system. Give example for each. (13)
PART – C
1. Describe the different criteria for selection of transducer for a (BTL-2) Understand
particular application.
2. Design the piezo- electric transducer and give the formula for (BTL-6) Create
coupling coefficient.
3. (i) The digital input for a 4-bit DAC is 0110.Calculate its final (BTL-5) Evaluate
output voltage. (5)
(ii) Find out the step size and analog output for 4-bit R-2R ladder
DAC when input is 1000 and 1111 assume Vref=+5V.(5)
(iii) A 12-bit DAC has a step size of 8mV.determine the full scale
output voltage and percentage resolution. Also find the output
voltage for the input of 010101101101? (5)
4. Design the Block diagram arrangement of DAS and describe the (BTL-6) Create
function of each component and also state its applications