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OSHA makes a couple of important statements about crane ratings which govern crane
design and use. From 1910.180(c) and underlined by Crane Tech to indicate important
points:
“The margin of stability for determination of load ratings, with booms of stipulated
lengths at stipulated working radii for the various types of crane mountings, is
established by taking a percentage of the loads which will produce a condition of
tipping or balance with the boom in the least stable direction, relative to the mounting.
The load ratings shall not exceed the following percentages for cranes, with the
indicated types of mounting under conditions stipulated in paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) and (iii)
of this section.”
Taking a closer look at the important terms in the OSHA standard, there are a number of
statements made that will help make this clearer.
Stability ratings must be provided for the least stable area of a crane (some
manufacturers provide stability ratings for ‘over the rear’ and ‘over the side’
working areas.)
The margin of stability is specific for the various types of crane mountings.
Stability load ratings a manufacturer provides must coincide with the boom
lengths, and working radii “stipulated” on the load chart.
Last but not least, the most important thing is to always check the load rating
chart of your crane.
Looking at the Load Chart
While it is imporant to know that the maximum load ratings exist, when operators look
at a load chart they are reading a rating that has the reserve stability built in–they
don’t have to make any allowances for the reserve. Capacities in a load chart are either
based on stability (to keep the crane from tipping) or structural (to keep the crane from
receiving structural damage). A combination of methods may be used to indicate
stability ratings. Some manufacturers place these ratings below a bold line on the load
chart. This is typical of a hydraulic crane’s load chart. Others use an asterisk (*) beside
structural ratings or they place structural ratings in a shaded area; this indicates all other
capacities are based on stability.The key takeaway is to READ THE OPERATOR
MANUAL AND FULLY UNDERSTAND THE CRANE’S LOAD CAPACITY
CHART BEFORE LIFTING.
So now that you know how gravity, balance, and leverage work together to keep a crane
stable, how the crane is made, what the tipping point is, and what the standards and
OSHA say, in our final installment we will apply what we’ve learned by looking at
some examples of crane configurations and where things went horribly wrong, resulting
in a tipping accident. Stay tuned next week as we wrap our Mobile Crane Stability
Series up.
Cards
Term
True/False?
Definition
False
Term
True/False?
Definition
False
Term
Definition
3 times
Term
Load charts are charts that give the cranes gross capacity under various conditions and
situations
True/False?
Definition
True
Term
A cranes leverage is equal to the crane weight times the horizontal distance from its tipping
axis to its centre of gravity
True/False?
Definition
True
Term
The loads leverage is equal to the load weight times the horizontal distance from its tipping
axis to to the loads centre of gravity
True/False?
Definition
True
Term
A mobile crane is stable when the loads leverage exceeds the cranes leverage
True/False?
Definition
False
Term
Definition
True
Term
A cranes capacity changes when it upper works move from quadrant to quadrant
True/False?
Definition
True
Term
True/False?
Definition
False
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
Radius
Loads weight
Load placement
Term
True/False?
Definition
False
Term
When using the load chart you must know?
Definition
Config of crane
Quadrants of operation
Boom length
Boom angle
Load radius
Weight of line,block,ball,etc
Term
Definition
Use of outriggers
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
30t to 1200t
Term
Definition
30-100M
Term
On outriggers:
On tires:?
Definition
Outriggers 85%
Tires 75%
Term
On outriggers:
On tires:?
Definition
Outriggers 85%
Tires 75%
Term
On outriggers:?
Definition
On outriggers 85%
Term
Definition
75%
Term
Definition
Term
Dynamic load?
Definition
Term
Laced
Term
Definition
6:1
Term
D/d
Definition
20:1
Term
Crane blocks have what on the sides to help down haul the block when unloaded
Definition
Weights
Term
Definition
6ft for every 1ft the load is lifted and will travel 6 times as fast
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
Roller bearings:
Bronze bushings:
Definition
3%
5%
10%
Term
Definition
Maximum load
Term
Definition
For IWRC
Parts of line
Term
When both blocks have the same # of sheaves the becket is attached to?
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
Lacing
Skip reeving
Square reeving
Term
Lacing advantages:
Definition
No reverse bends
Term
Lacing disadvantages
Definition
Term
Skip reeving
Advantages
Definition
Term
Skip reeving
Disadvantages
Definition
2 reverse bends
Term
Square reeving
Advantages
Definition
Term
Square reeving
Disadvantages
Definition
The blocks can not be brought close together, this will cause the wire rope to come off the
sheaves
Term
When is the most weight transferred to the lead crane on a tailing lift
Definition
80-90degres
Term
Definition
Term
Load on crane 2
Definition
Nc1
Nc2
Term
Weight shift
Definition
Crane one
Crane 2 touch down first
Term
Definition
Improper setup
Term
Definition
Term
By adjusting the crane and or attachment points on the beam it is possible to share the load in
any proportion desired
T/F
Definition
True
Term
Disadvantages of a EQ beam
Definition
Limited rotation
Term
The greatest transfer of load share from the tailing crane to the lead crane occurs when the
load is?
Definition
Term
When 2 or more cranes are used to lift one load one -------- person shall be responsible for the
operation
Definition
Competent person
Term
Definition
Nobody
Term
Definition
Yes
Term
What could happen if the cranes are not synchronized when making the lift?
Definition
Term
When operating the crane you should operate it ---------- & ---------
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
20%
Term
T/F
Definition
True
Term
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
For high speed duty cycle operations most crane manufacturers reduce the load chart by
Definition
20%
Term
Definition
Backwards stability
Term
Definition